CN113740511B - Method for obtaining soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for obtaining soil animal activity biosensors for farmland soil health diagnosis. It includes the following steps: Step 1: Screen the green ecological buoys for farmland soil animal activity biosensors; Step 2: Field domesticate the farmland soil animal activity biosensor green ecological buoys based on a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors. The soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method of the present invention uses the in-situ soil animals in the farmland as a green ecological buoy, a complex and natural ecological process that can diagnose the health status of the farmland soil; it has extremely strong sensitivity to the field farmland soil. Its adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance have outstanding authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability when reflecting soil health conditions; real-time, all-weather and full-cycle automatic monitoring of soil animals through automatic monitoring instruments and equipment The complex ecological process between itself and the farmland soil environment.

Description

Methods for obtaining soil animal activity biosensors for farmland soil health diagnosis

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, specifically to a method for obtaining soil animal activity biosensors for farmland soil health diagnosis.

Background technique

Biosensors use immobilized biological components (such as enzymes, proteins, DNA antibodies, antigens) or organisms themselves (such as cells, microorganisms, tissues, etc.) as sensitive materials and combine them with appropriate chemical converters for rapid monitoring. New devices for physics, chemistry, and biomass. Biosensors capture the reaction between a target object and a sensitive material through various physical and chemical transducers, and then convert the degree of reaction into an electrical signal, and calculate the measured value based on the electrical signal. Biosensors have developed rapidly in recent years and have been used in medicine, fermentation production, food industry, environmental monitoring and other fields, playing an important role in many fields.

Existing biosensors have the following shortcomings:

(1) Existing biosensors use cultured cells, microorganisms and tissues as sensitive materials, which are not in situ soil animals in farmland. Existing sensitive materials have adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to field farmland soil. The performance is poor, and the authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability of the detection are poor;

(2) Existing biosensors capture the reaction between targets and sensitive materials through various physical and chemical transducers, and cannot monitor the complex ecological processes between soil animals themselves and the farmland soil environment in real-time, all-weather, and throughout the cycle;

(3) Existing biosensors convert the degree of reaction into an electrical signal, and calculate the size of the measured value based on the electrical signal. This is an indirect speculation and monitoring process, and the authenticity, accuracy, and reliability of its detection are relatively low. Difference.

Therefore, this patent application proposes and designs a new concept of soil animal activity biosensor for the first time.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining soil animal activity biosensors for farmland soil health diagnosis, which uses in-situ active soil animals in the soil as green ecological buoys, and the obtained soil animal activity biosensors are Field farmland soil has better adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance, and thus the authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability of the detection are higher.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for obtaining soil animal activity biosensors for farmland soil health diagnosis is characterized by including the following steps:

Step 1: Screen green ecological buoys for farmland soil animal activity biosensors:

① Collect soil animals from field farmland and bring the collected living soil animals back to the laboratory:

Collect farmland soil animals in wild farmland, put the collected soil animal samples into specimen bottles or specimen boxes to isolate predators, prey, and competitors; then cover the lid to prevent soil animals from escaping, and use tools to Poke some small holes on the lid to ensure that there is enough air in the specimen bottle or box. The diameter of the small holes is less than 2mm to prevent the soil animals inside from escaping; then, put in-situ soil particles and Litter leaves; use the soil column method to collect soil columns or earthwork with a depth of 15cm in field farmland, put them into cloth bags or ziplock bags, and bring them back to the laboratory to separate the dominant mites and springtails in the soil;

②. Select and separate the collected soil animal samples, place them in culture boxes for cultivation, and use high-definition cameras to automatically monitor soil animal activity patterns in real time:

Preliminarily classify and organize the soil animals placed in specimen bottles or specimen boxes, and place them in different culture boxes according to groups; the bottom layer of the culture box is spread with 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil that has passed through a 2mm sieve, and is covered with crops. Or weed straw, simulate the natural environmental conditions of field farmland soil, and adjust the soil to the average soil temperature and humidity level of field farmland; according to the food preferences of different groups, put different food resources into the culture boxes respectively. For the same species and group, Carry out standardized cultivation and breeding, and put in the same and equal amount of food resources every time;

For the aforementioned soil pillars or earthworks brought back from the wild, the dry funnel method is used to separate medium-sized soil animals from the soil pillars or earthworks brought back from the wild; at the bottom of the dry funnel, a culture box equipped with a culture medium is used for direct isolation. and obtain living soil springtails and mites; after the separation, separate the springtails and mites into different culture boxes for culture. The materials and specifications of these culture boxes are the same as the aforementioned culture boxes, with built-in standardized media; for the same species and taxa, carry out standardized cultivation and breeding, and put in the same and equal amount of food resources every time;

Place the aforementioned culture box in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and adjust the soil temperature and humidity to the average soil temperature and humidity level in field fields; or place the culture box directly in the laboratory to cultivate and reproduce at room temperature; during the entire culture During the process, a high-definition camera is placed above the culture box to automatically monitor the activity status of soil animals in real time, and the automatically monitored data is imported into the database in a timely manner;

③. Screen a large number of soil animals that can be cultured and can reproduce and grow in large quantities in the laboratory:

Regularly inspect and measure the soil animals in the culture box to obtain basic parameters to determine which soil animals can be used as green ecological buoys for soil animal activity biosensors; the attribute data inspected and measured include:

Basic attributes: number of species, number of individuals, biomass, body length, body width, body color, number of eggs laid, number of larvae;

Activity characteristics: number of activities per unit time, movement direction, movement distance, movement time, number of fights, degree of fights, and competition results;

After 40 days of cultivation, select those species and populations that meet the basic attributes and activity characteristics as candidates for the next screening process and as candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors; the requirements are as follows: (1) In terms of basic attributes: the number of individuals remains unchanged or increases, the average biomass remains unchanged or increases, the average body length and width remain unchanged or increases, the average number of eggs laid remains unchanged or increases, the average number of larvae remains unchanged or increases; (2) Activity characteristics: The number of activities per unit time remains basically stable, and the moving distance per unit time remains basically stable; species and populations with average basic attributes and activity characteristics are selected to enter the next screening process, and these soil animals are Species and populations are known as candidates for green ecological buoys required as biosensors for soil animal activity;

④. Cultivate candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors to obtain synchronized species and populations:

Cultivate and propagate the previously selected candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors, propagate them, and obtain synchronized species, individuals, and populations; during this period, record the environmental conditions, basic attributes, and activities of the cultivation process Characteristics and all situations that occur, import the data obtained by the automatic monitoring equipment into the database;

⑤. Set up pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations to screen species and populations of soil animals that are sensitive, sensitive and tolerant to soil environmental changes, and use them as species and populations of green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors. :

Step 1 (5) is divided into six steps: the first step is to prepare the culture box. For large soil animals, select the aforementioned 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil culture box with a 2mm sieve at the bottom, and place the aforementioned large soil animals in the culture box. ; For medium-sized soil animals, select the aforementioned culture boxes equipped with a culture medium and spread 1cm thick in-situ farmland soil through a 2mm sieve, and place the aforementioned springtails and mites in these culture boxes;

In the second step, transfer the soil animals synchronized in ④ of the aforementioned step 1 to the culture box respectively;

The third step is to select a pesticide and set four gradients: no pesticide and low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration pesticides according to the local farmers’ pesticide dosage habits. According to the local farmers’ pesticide application habits, set the four gradients respectively. Spray the pesticide into the culture box in the second step;

The fourth step is to automatically monitor the dynamic characteristics of soil animals in real time: a high-definition camera is placed above the culture box to automatically monitor the dynamic characteristics of soil animals under different pesticide gradients in real time;

The fifth step is to regularly harvest the soil animals in the culture box and measure the basic attributes and activity characteristics of the soil animals: harvest the soil animals in the culture box regularly every 7 days to obtain the basic parameters and activity characteristics of the soil animals. Import the acquired data into the database in a timely manner;

The sixth step is to organize and analyze all the data obtained in the first test cycle, run the algorithms and models for evaluating soil animal activity biosensors, and select species and populations that can be used as green ecological buoys for soil animal activity biosensors based on the evaluation results;

⑥. Set up pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, combine and cultivate the previously screened species and populations of green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors, and screen for sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to changes in the soil environment. Soil animal community as a green ecological buoy community required for soil animal activity biosensors:

According to the previously screened species and populations of soil animal activity biosensors, multiple combinations of the candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors that have not undergone pesticide gradient experiments are conducted to form different soil animal communities; Repeat the experimental process from step one to step six in step 1(5) to screen out soil animal communities that are sensitive, sensitive and tolerant to changes in the soil environment, and use them as green materials required for soil animal activity biosensors. ecological buoy community;

⑦. After at least 3 experimental cycles, determine the green ecological buoy species, populations and communities required for the selected soil animal activity biosensor:

After completing the screening of the first experimental cycle mentioned above, the second and third experimental cycles will be screened, and those species, populations and communities that have passed the assessment will be used as green ecological buoy species and populations required for soil animal activity biosensors. and communities. After being cultured indoors, verified under complex environmental conditions in the field, and cultured again indoors, it will be used in the practice of field soil health diagnosis in farmland;

Step 2: Based on a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, the farmland soil animal activity biosensor green ecological buoy is domesticated in the field:

①. Collect 0-15cm of in-situ farmland soil in the field, bring it back to the laboratory, air-dry naturally indoors, and pass through a 2mm sieve before use;

②. Carry out batch and synchronized cultivation of the green ecological buoys selected in step 1, and measure the synchronized green ecological buoys. The measurement parameters include their biomass, body length, body width, and body color, and then these green ecological buoys are The buoy is placed in a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors to be used in the wild;

③. In field farmland, use sterilized tools to dig cylindrical pits with a depth of 0-15cm. Dig at least 30 pits for each type of green ecological buoy;

④. Set up and operate a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, and place the farmland soil animal activity biosensor green ecological buoy in a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device:

(1) Place the lower ecological box of a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors into a pit, with its bottom directly in contact with the in-situ farmland soil, and then place the instrument in the ecological box of a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors. The wires used in the equipment are laid, and the wires are connected from the bottom of the lower ecological box and directly connected to the wire tube in the ecological box of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device;

Spread the soil that has passed the 2mm sieve into the lower eco-box, layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer. When the soil is flush with the top of the lower eco-box, use a rubber hammer to tap it gently to make the soil smooth; Then use a watering can to spray water. Calculate the volume of water that should be sprayed based on the soil moisture content in the lower layer of the farmland, so that the soil moisture content in the lower ecological box is equal to the soil moisture content in the lower layer of the field;

Buckle up the connecting ring in a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device, pass the wires of the instruments and equipment in a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device through the sieve holes of the lower gauze, and then make a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device. The lower gauze in the soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device is connected and fastened to the lower ecological box;

(2) Place the middle ecological box in the soil pit and connect it to the lower ecological box through a connecting ring; connect the wires of the instrument and equipment to the soil sensors in the upper middle ecological box, including a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors. Soil temperature and humidity sensor, soil pH sensor, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor and soil conductivity sensor;

Then spread the soil that has passed the 2mm sieve into the middle ecological box, layer by layer from the bottom to the upper layer. When the soil is flush with the top of the middle ecological box, tap it gently with a small shovel to make the soil smooth. ; Then use a watering can to spray water. Calculate the volume of water that should be sprayed based on the soil moisture content in the middle layer of the farmland, so that the soil moisture content in the middle ecological box is equal to the soil moisture content in the middle layer of the field;

Then adjust the position of the soil sensor so that it is at the top of the middle ecological box and the lower part of the middle gauze. The probe of the soil sensor should be buried in the soil and cannot touch the middle gauze;

(3) Place the upper ecological box in the pit and connect it to the middle ecological box through a connecting ring; connect the wires of the instruments and equipment to the high-definition camera and sound recorder in the upper ecological box;

Spread the soil that has passed the 2mm sieve into the upper ecological box, layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, with a thickness of 1.5cm. No more than 2mm of soil should be laid in the space 0.5cm away from the edge of the upper ecological box. Use hands wearing disposable experimental gloves to pat the soil surface to make it smooth; then use a watering can to spray water. Calculate the volume of water that should be sprayed based on the moisture content of the upper soil in the farmland, so that the soil moisture content in the upper ecological box is consistent with the upper soil content in the field. The amount of water remains the same;

Prepare a high-definition camera and sound recorder and fix them on the inner wall of the PVC board in the unpaved soil area of the upper ecological box;

Put the synchronized green ecological buoy into the soil surface of the upper ecological box, and set the number according to the characteristics of the green ecological buoy used;

Then use the connecting ring to fix the upper gauze to the upper ecological box so that it is flush with the surface of the farmland soil;

(4) Treat the farmland surface soil near the ecological box to make it close to the natural farmland surface soil;

⑤. Daily automatic monitoring and inspection, recording, sorting and analysis of green ecological buoy dynamics:

Based on a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, real-time automatic monitoring and timely inspection of the status and activity characteristics of the green ecological buoy in the ecological box; throughout the field acclimation process, regular inspection, recording, sorting and analysis of the green ecological buoy Status and activity characteristics as a basis for evaluating the results of wild acclimation of green ecological buoys;

⑥. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, and 18th days of wild acclimation, retrieve the green ecological buoys from the wild-acclimated ecological boxes, ensuring that 3 repetitions of each green ecological buoy are retrieved. Ecological box, its average wild acclimation status is used to evaluate the wild acclimation results;

⑦. Measure the basic attribute parameters of the green ecological buoy retrieved indoors, including biomass, body length, body width, body color, etc., and evaluate the wild acclimation results based on the data obtained through automatic monitoring in ⑤ of step 2;

In 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 days, when the biomass, body length, body width, and body color of the green ecological buoy remain unchanged or increase, when the green ecological buoy's The daily moving distance, number of activities per unit time, and moving direction remain average and stable, that is, this number of days is selected as the time for wild domestication;

⑧. Take the green ecological buoy as the object, repeat steps ①-⑦ of step 2, use 3 days as a field acclimation cycle, domesticate the green ecological buoys in batches, and use the wild-acclimated green ecological buoys for the practice of farmland soil health assessment. in process.

Furthermore, the methods for collecting farmland soil animals in step 1 (1) include hand picking, insect sucker, trapping, net sweeping, and light trapping.

Furthermore, when the temperature of the field soil animals collected in step 1 (1) reaches above 30°C on the day, 1-2 ice packs need to be used to cool down, and the temperature is controlled at 24°C to 26°C.

Further, the data obtained by automatic monitoring in Step 2 (7) include the daily moving distance of the green ecological buoy, the number of activities per unit time, and the direction of movement; the parameters for the green ecological buoy to maintain the average stable condition in Step 2 (7) include the green ecological buoy. daily moving distance, number of activities per unit time, and moving direction;

Further, the tools sterilized in step 2, ③ include shovels.

The invention also relates to a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, which is characterized in that it includes an ecological box and a power supply device; the ecological box is composed of an upper ecological box, a middle ecological box and a lower ecological box, and the upper ecological box , the middle ecological box and the lower ecological box are all connected from top to bottom, and the upper ecological box, the middle ecological box and the lower ecological box are detachably connected from top to bottom through the connecting ring;

The power supply device includes a solar panel, a support pole, a wire tube and a backup power supply. The wire tube is composed of a vertical section and a horizontal section, and the bottom end of the vertical section is connected to one end of the horizontal section through an elbow. The wire tube The top of the vertical section is connected to a support rod through a fixed screw, and a solar panel is provided on the support rod; the backup power supply serves as a backup power supply for the solar panel;

An upper gauze is provided in the connecting circle at the top of the upper ecological box; a middle gauze is provided in the connecting circle at the top of the middle ecological box; and a middle gauze is provided in the connecting circle at the top of the lower ecological box. lower gauze;

The upper ecological box is equipped with a high-definition camera and a sound recorder; the wires connected to the high-definition camera and sound recorder are connected through wire tubes and solar panels; the high-definition camera has a built-in chip and an SD memory card, and is It is used to automatically monitor and record the complex ecological interaction process between the green ecological buoy and the soil environmental factors in the ecological box in real time; the sound recorder has a built-in chip and SD memory card, and is used to automatically monitor and record in real time and outside the ecological box. all sounds;

The middle ecological box is equipped with a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a soil pH value sensor, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor, and a soil conductivity sensor; the soil temperature and humidity sensor, soil pH value sensor, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor, and soil conductivity The wires connected to the sensor pass through the wire tube and are connected to the solar panel; the soil temperature and humidity sensor is used to automatically monitor and record soil temperature and humidity data in real time; the soil pH value sensor is used to automatically monitor and record soil pH value in real time ; The soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor is used to automatically monitor and record the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil in real time; the soil conductivity sensor is used to automatically monitor and record the soil conductivity in real time.

Further, the upper gauze, middle gauze, and lower gauze are all circular gauze with a diameter of 20cm; the mesh diameters of the upper gauze, middle gauze, and lower gauze are all 2mm;

Further, the height of the upper ecological box is 2cm, and the material is a transparent PVC board.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The soil animal activity biosensor uses in-situ soil animals in farmland as green ecological buoys. These green ecological buoys include earthworms, ants, beetles, centipedes, mites, and springtails in-situ in farmland. etc.; the green ecological buoy is not only a sensitive material, its role is more complex in theory and more effective in practice; the green ecological buoy is a sensitive material for complex soil animal biological processes and complex farmland soil environmental conditions. , a complex and natural ecological process that comprehensively reflects the interaction process between complex soil animals and farmland soil, and can diagnose the health status of farmland soil;

(2) Soil animal activity biosensors are a kind of green ecological buoy. These soil animals are collected from wild farmland soil and have interacted and co-evolved with wild farmland soil for several years, decades, or even hundreds of years. relationship, and have extremely strong adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to wild farmland soil; when farmland soil is affected by human activities, these soil animals will show active and passive responses and adaptations based on biological instincts, which This green ecological buoy has outstanding authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability when reflecting soil health conditions;

(3) Through high-definition cameras, high-definition sound recorders, micro-photography and other equipment and technologies, the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the present invention can automatically monitor soil animals in real time, all-weather, and throughout the cycle through various modern automatic monitoring instruments and equipment. The complex ecological process between itself and the farmland soil environment;

(4) Existing biosensors convert the degree of reaction into electrical signals and calculate the size of the measured value based on the electrical signals. However, the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the present invention adopts modern technical methods such as Internet+ and 5G network and Instruments and equipment can transmit automatically monitored multi-source heterogeneous big data with high stability, high quality, real-time and automatic transmission to the data management center, and can automatically receive, store, identify and analyze real-time, multi-dimensional and multi-dimensional data in real time. Big data from heterogeneous sources.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper ecological box of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device provided by the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle ecological box of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device provided by the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the application of the soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis provided by the present invention;

Figure 5 is a block diagram of the working principle of the soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis provided by the present invention when applied.

Explanation of reference symbols:

Upper gauze 1, middle gauze 2, lower gauze 3, upper eco-box 4, middle eco-box 5, lower eco-box 6, connecting circle 7, undisturbed soil 8, backup power supply 9, solar panel 10, fixed spiral 11 , support pole 12, crops 13, bottom of ecological box 14, wire tube 15, elbow 16, 2mm sieved soil 17, farmland soil surface 18, high-definition camera 19, sound recorder 20, wire 21, unpaved soil area 22, Green ecological buoy 23, soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, soil pH sensor 26, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27, soil conductivity sensor 28, real-time automatic monitoring process in the field 29, real-time automatic data transmission process 30, real-time data storage, management and Analysis process 31, farmland soil health diagnosis process 32, farmland soil health treatment and service process 33, farmland soil 34, soil animal activity biosensor field experiment ecological box 35.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

The method of obtaining soil animal activity biosensors for farmland soil health diagnosis includes the following steps:

Step 1: Screen green ecological buoys for farmland soil animal activity biosensors:

① Collect soil animals from field farmland and bring the collected living soil animals back to the laboratory:

Collect farmland soil animals in wild farmland, put the collected soil animal samples into specimen bottles or specimen boxes to isolate predators, prey, and competitors; then cover the lid to prevent soil animals from escaping, and use tools to Poke some small holes on the lid to ensure that there is enough air in the specimen bottle or box. The diameter of the small holes is less than 2mm to prevent the soil animals inside from escaping; then, put in-situ soil particles and Litter leaves; use the soil column method to collect soil columns or earthwork with a depth of 15cm in field farmland, put them into cloth bags or ziplock bags, and bring them back to the laboratory to separate the dominant mites and springtails in the soil;

②. Select and separate the collected soil animal samples, place them in culture boxes for cultivation, and use high-definition cameras to automatically monitor soil animal activity patterns in real time:

Preliminarily classify and organize the soil animals placed in specimen bottles or specimen boxes, and place them in different culture boxes according to groups; the bottom layer of the culture box is spread with 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil that has passed through a 2mm sieve, and is covered with crops. Or weed straw, simulate the natural environmental conditions of field farmland soil, and adjust the soil to the average soil temperature and humidity level of field farmland; according to the food preferences of different groups, put different food resources into the culture boxes respectively. For the same species and group, Carry out standardized cultivation and breeding, and put in the same and equal amount of food resources every time;

For the aforementioned soil pillars or earthworks brought back from the wild, the dry funnel method is used to separate medium-sized soil animals from the soil pillars or earthworks brought back from the wild; at the bottom of the dry funnel, a culture box equipped with a culture medium is used for direct isolation. and obtain living soil springtails and mites; after the separation, separate the springtails and mites into different culture boxes for culture. The materials and specifications of these culture boxes are the same as the aforementioned culture boxes, with built-in standardized media; for the same species and taxa, carry out standardized cultivation and breeding, and put in the same and equal amount of food resources every time;

Place the aforementioned culture box in a constant temperature and humidity incubator, and adjust the soil temperature and humidity to the average soil temperature and humidity level in field fields; or place the culture box directly in the laboratory to cultivate and reproduce at room temperature; during the entire culture During the process, a high-definition camera is placed above the culture box to automatically monitor the activity status of soil animals in real time, and the automatically monitored data is imported into the database in a timely manner;

③. Screen a large number of soil animals that can be cultured and can reproduce and grow in large quantities in the laboratory:

Regularly inspect and measure the soil animals in the culture box to obtain basic parameters to determine which soil animals can be used as green ecological buoys for soil animal activity biosensors; the attribute data inspected and measured include:

Basic attributes: number of species, number of individuals, biomass, body length, body width, body color, number of eggs laid, number of larvae;

Activity characteristics: number of activities per unit time, movement direction, movement distance, movement time, number of fights, degree of fights, and competition results;

After 40 days of cultivation, select those species and populations that meet the basic attributes and activity characteristics as candidates for the next screening process and as candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors; the requirements are as follows: (1) In terms of basic attributes: the number of individuals remains unchanged or increases, the average biomass remains unchanged or increases, the average body length and width remain unchanged or increases, the average number of eggs laid remains unchanged or increases, the average number of larvae remains unchanged or increases; (2) Activity characteristics: The number of activities per unit time remains basically stable, and the moving distance per unit time remains basically stable; species and populations with average basic attributes and activity characteristics are selected to enter the next screening process, and these soil animals are Species and populations are known as candidates for green ecological buoys required as biosensors for soil animal activity;

④. Cultivate candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors to obtain synchronized species and populations:

Cultivate and propagate the previously selected candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors, propagate them, and obtain synchronized species, individuals, and populations; during this period, record the environmental conditions, basic attributes, and activities of the cultivation process Characteristics and all situations that occur, import the data obtained by the automatic monitoring equipment into the database;

⑤. Set up pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations to screen species and populations of soil animals that are sensitive, sensitive and tolerant to soil environmental changes, and use them as species and populations of green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors. :

Step 1 (5) is divided into six steps: the first step is to prepare the culture box. For large soil animals, select the aforementioned 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil culture box with a 2mm sieve at the bottom, and place the aforementioned large soil animals in the culture box. ; For medium-sized soil animals, select the aforementioned culture boxes equipped with a culture medium and spread 1cm thick in-situ farmland soil through a 2mm sieve, and place the aforementioned springtails and mites in these culture boxes;

In the second step, transfer the soil animals synchronized in ④ of the aforementioned step 1 to the culture box respectively;

The third step is to select a pesticide and set four gradients: no pesticide and low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration pesticides according to the local farmers’ pesticide dosage habits. According to the local farmers’ pesticide application habits, set the four gradients respectively. Spray the pesticide into the culture box in the second step;

The fourth step is to automatically monitor the dynamic characteristics of soil animals in real time: a high-definition camera is placed above the culture box to automatically monitor the dynamic characteristics of soil animals under different pesticide gradients in real time;

The fifth step is to regularly harvest the soil animals in the culture box and measure the basic attributes and activity characteristics of the soil animals: harvest the soil animals in the culture box regularly every 7 days to obtain the basic parameters and activity characteristics of the soil animals. Import the acquired data into the database in a timely manner;

The sixth step is to organize and analyze all the data obtained in the first test cycle, run the algorithms and models for evaluating soil animal activity biosensors, and select species and populations that can be used as green ecological buoys for soil animal activity biosensors based on the evaluation results;

⑥. Set up pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, combine and cultivate the previously screened species and populations of green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors, and screen for sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to changes in the soil environment. Soil animal community as a green ecological buoy community required for soil animal activity biosensors:

According to the previously screened species and populations of soil animal activity biosensors, multiple combinations of the candidates for green ecological buoys required for soil animal activity biosensors that have not undergone pesticide gradient experiments are conducted to form different soil animal communities; Repeat the experimental process from step one to step six in step ⑤ of step 1 to screen out soil animal communities that are sensitive, sensitive and tolerant to changes in the soil environment, and use them as soil animal activity biosensors. Green ecological buoy community;

⑦. After at least 3 experimental cycles, determine the green ecological buoy species, populations and communities required for the selected soil animal activity biosensor:

After completing the screening of the first experimental cycle mentioned above, the second and third experimental cycles will be screened, and those species, populations and communities that have passed the assessment will be used as green ecological buoy species and populations required for soil animal activity biosensors. and communities. After being cultured indoors, verified under complex environmental conditions in the field, and cultured again indoors, it will be used in the practice of field soil health diagnosis in farmland;

Step 2: Based on a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, the farmland soil animal activity biosensor green ecological buoy is domesticated in the field:

①. Collect 0-15cm of in-situ farmland soil in the field, bring it back to the laboratory, air-dry naturally indoors, and pass through a 2mm sieve before use;

②. Carry out batch and synchronized cultivation of the green ecological buoys selected in step 1, and measure the synchronized green ecological buoys. The measurement parameters include their biomass, body length, body width, and body color, and then these green ecological buoys are The buoy is placed in a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors to be used in the wild;

③. In field farmland, use sterilized tools to dig cylindrical pits with a depth of 0-15cm. Dig at least 30 pits for each type of green ecological buoy;

④. Set up and operate a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, and place the farmland soil animal activity biosensor green ecological buoy in a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device:

(1) Place the lower ecological box of a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors into a pit, with its bottom directly in contact with the in-situ farmland soil, and then place the instrument in the ecological box of a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors. The wires used in the equipment are laid, and the wires are connected from the bottom of the lower ecological box and directly connected to the wire tube in the ecological box of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device;

Spread the soil that has passed the 2mm sieve into the lower eco-box, layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer. When the soil is flush with the top of the lower eco-box, use a rubber hammer to tap it gently to make the soil smooth; Then use a watering can to spray water. Calculate the volume of water that should be sprayed based on the soil moisture content in the lower layer of the farmland, so that the soil moisture content in the lower ecological box is equal to the soil moisture content in the lower layer of the field;

Buckle up the connecting ring in a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device, pass the wires of the instruments and equipment in a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device through the sieve holes of the lower gauze, and then make a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device. The lower gauze in the soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device is connected and fastened to the lower ecological box;

(2) Place the middle ecological box in the soil pit and connect it to the lower ecological box through a connecting ring; connect the wires of the instrument and equipment to the soil sensors in the upper middle ecological box, including a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors. Soil temperature and humidity sensor, soil pH sensor, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor and soil conductivity sensor;

Then spread the soil that has passed the 2mm sieve into the middle ecological box, layer by layer from the bottom to the upper layer. When the soil is flush with the top of the middle ecological box, tap it gently with a small shovel to make the soil smooth. ; Then use a watering can to spray water. Calculate the volume of water that should be sprayed based on the soil moisture content in the middle layer of the farmland, so that the soil moisture content in the middle ecological box is equal to the soil moisture content in the middle layer of the field;

Then adjust the position of the soil sensor so that it is at the top of the middle ecological box and the lower part of the middle gauze. The probe of the soil sensor should be buried in the soil and cannot touch the middle gauze;

(3) Place the upper ecological box in the pit and connect it to the middle ecological box through a connecting ring; connect the wires of the instruments and equipment to the high-definition camera and sound recorder in the upper ecological box;

Spread the soil that has passed the 2mm sieve into the upper ecological box, layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, with a thickness of 1.5cm. No more than 2mm of soil should be laid in the space 0.5cm away from the edge of the upper ecological box. Use hands wearing disposable experimental gloves to pat the soil surface to make it smooth; then use a watering can to spray water. Calculate the volume of water that should be sprayed based on the moisture content of the upper soil in the farmland, so that the soil moisture content in the upper ecological box is consistent with the upper soil content in the field. The amount of water remains the same;

Prepare a high-definition camera and sound recorder and fix them on the inner wall of the PVC board in the unpaved soil area of the upper ecological box;

Put the synchronized green ecological buoy into the soil surface of the upper ecological box, and set the number according to the characteristics of the green ecological buoy used;

Then use the connecting ring to fix the upper gauze to the upper ecological box so that it is flush with the surface of the farmland soil;

(4) Treat the farmland soil near the ecological box to make it close to the surface state of natural farmland soil;

⑤. Daily automatic monitoring and inspection, recording, sorting and analysis of green ecological buoy dynamics:

Based on a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, real-time automatic monitoring and timely inspection of the status and activity characteristics of the green ecological buoy in the ecological box; throughout the field acclimation process, regular inspection, recording, sorting and analysis of the green ecological buoy Status and activity characteristics as a basis for evaluating the results of wild acclimation of green ecological buoys;

⑥. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, and 18th days of wild acclimation, retrieve the green ecological buoys from the wild-acclimated ecological boxes, ensuring that 3 repetitions of each green ecological buoy are retrieved. Ecological box, its average wild acclimation status is used to evaluate the wild acclimation results;

⑦. Measure the basic attribute parameters of the green ecological buoy retrieved indoors, including biomass, body length, body width, body color, etc., and evaluate the wild acclimation results based on the data obtained through automatic monitoring in ⑤ of step 2;

In 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 days, when the biomass, body length, body width, and body color of the green ecological buoy remain unchanged or increase, when the green ecological buoy's The daily moving distance, number of activities per unit time, and moving direction remain average and stable, that is, this number of days is selected as the time for wild domestication;

⑧. Take the green ecological buoy as the object, repeat steps ①-⑦ of step 2, use 3 days as a field acclimation cycle, domesticate the green ecological buoys in batches, and use the wild-acclimated green ecological buoys for the practice of farmland soil health assessment. in process.

Furthermore, the methods for collecting farmland soil animals in step 1 (1) include hand picking, insect sucker, trapping, net sweeping, and light trapping.

Furthermore, when the temperature of the field soil animals collected in step 1 (1) reaches above 30°C on the day, 1-2 ice packs need to be used to cool down, and the temperature is controlled at 24°C to 26°C.

Further, the data obtained by automatic monitoring in Step 2 (7) include the daily moving distance of the green ecological buoy, the number of activities per unit time, and the direction of movement; the parameters for the green ecological buoy to maintain the average stable condition in Step 2 (7) include the green ecological buoy. daily moving distance, number of activities per unit time, and moving direction;

Further, the tools sterilized in step 2, ③ include shovels.

Example 2

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a field experimental device for farmland soil animal activity biosensors includes an ecological box and a power supply device; the ecological box is composed of an upper ecological box 4, a middle ecological box 5 and a lower ecological box 6. The upper ecological box 4, the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6 are all connected from top to bottom, and the upper ecological box 4, the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6 are detachably connected from top to bottom through the connecting ring 7;

The power supply device includes a solar panel 10, a support rod 12, a wire tube 15 and a backup power supply 9. The wire tube 15 is composed of a vertical section and a horizontal section, and the bottom end of the vertical section passes through an elbow 16 and one end of the horizontal section. Connection, the top end of the vertical section of the electric wire tube 15 is connected to the support rod 12 through the fixed screw 11, and the support rod 12 is provided with a solar panel 10; the backup power supply 9 is used as a backup power supply 9 for powering the solar panel 10;

The upper gauze 1 is provided in the connecting ring 7 at the top of the upper eco-box 4; the middle gauze 2 is provided in the connecting ring 7 at the top of the middle eco-box 5; the top of the lower eco-box 6 is provided with a middle gauze 2 A lower gauze 3 is provided in the connecting ring 7 at the bottom;

The upper ecological box 4 is provided with a high-definition camera 19 and a sound recorder 20; the wires 21 connected to the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 pass through the wire tube 15 and are connected to the solar panel 10; the high-definition camera 19 The sound recorder 20 has a built-in chip and SD memory card, and is used for real-time automatic monitoring and recording of the complex ecological interaction process between the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environmental factors in the ecological box; the sound recorder 20 has a built-in chip and SD memory card, and is used for real-time automatic monitoring. Monitor and record all sounds inside and outside the ecological box, including the sound emitted by the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animals), the sound of water seeping in the soil, the sounds of birds, insects, and passing vehicles outside the ecological box;

The middle ecological box 5 is provided with a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH sensor 26, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27, and a soil conductivity sensor 28; the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, the soil pH sensor 26, the soil nitrogen The wires 21 connected to the phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and the soil conductivity sensor 28 pass through the wire tube 15 and are connected to the solar panel 10; the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25 is used to automatically monitor and record soil temperature and humidity data in real time; the soil The pH sensor 26 is used to automatically monitor and record the soil pH value in real time; the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 is used to automatically monitor and record the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil in real time; the soil conductivity sensor 28 is used in real time Automatically monitor and record soil conductivity.

The upper gauze 1 is a circular gauze with a diameter of 20cm; the gauze is corrosion-resistant, durable, and environmentally friendly, and can be used in field fields for a long time without any negative impact on the soil environment of farmland; the upper gauze 1 has mesh holes The diameter is 2mm, which effectively prevents surface soil animals outside the ecological box from entering, and prevents soil animals inside the ecological box (green ecological buoy 23) from escaping; the mesh holes of the upper gauze 1 can ensure that the soil and soil animals in the ecological box are close to the outside world. The surface atmosphere carries out normal material and energy exchange processes to ensure smooth information transmission and maintain the natural state of the soil environment for the survival of soil animals in the ecological box.

The middle layer gauze 2 is a circular gauze with a diameter of 20cm; the gauze is corrosion-resistant, durable, and environmentally friendly, and can be used in field fields for a long time without any negative impact on the farmland soil environment; the middle layer gauze 2 has mesh holes The diameter is 2mm, which effectively prevents soil animals in the middle ecological box 5 from entering the upper ecological box 4, and at the same time prevents soil animals (green ecological buoy 23) in the upper ecological box 4 from entering the middle ecological box 5; the mesh holes of the middle gauze 2 can ensure that the upper ecological box The normal soil physical, chemical and other processes between 4 and the middle ecological box 5 maintain the natural state of the soil animal living environment in the ecological box.

The lower gauze 3 is a circular gauze with a diameter of 20cm; the gauze is corrosion-resistant, durable, and environmentally friendly, and can be used in field fields for a long time without any negative impact on the soil environment of farmland; the mesh holes of the lower gauze 3 are The diameter is 2mm, which effectively prevents soil animals in the lower ecological box 6 from entering the middle ecological box 5, and at the same time prevents soil animals in the middle ecological box 5 from entering the lower ecological box 6; the mesh holes of the lower gauze 3 can ensure that the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6 Normal soil physical, chemical and other processes between them maintain the natural state of the living environment of soil animals in the ecological box.

The upper ecological box 4 is a space for the survival, reproduction and activity of the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animals) of the soil animal activity biosensor; the height is 2cm; the material is a transparent PVC board; the upper ecological box 4 also contains an unpaved soil area 22. High-definition camera 19, sound recorder 20, wire 21; the unpaved soil area 22 has a thickness of about 0.5cm and is not filled with farmland soil that has passed a 2mm sieve. Instruments and equipment that are easy to install can control the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animals) in the ecological box. Monitor and record soil, etc.;

The green ecological buoy 23 (soil animals) is the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) selected from the soil animal activity biosensor;

The middle ecological box 5 is a space for placing soil sensors;

The lower ecological box 6 does not place green ecological buoys 23 (soil animals) and any instruments and equipment, but is filled with soil that passes through a 2mm sieve. It supports the middle ecological box 5 and the upper ecological box 4, and is also the middle ecological box 5 and the upper ecological box. Channels for laying wires 21 required for the instruments and equipment of the ecological box 4;

The connecting ring 7 is detachable, corrosion-resistant, durable, lightweight, and easy to install; it serves as a connection and installation between the upper and lower layers, facilitates maintenance and replacement of instruments and equipment in the ecological box, and facilitates input and extraction of green ecology in the ecological box. Buoy 23 (soil animals) and soil samples, etc.;

The undisturbed soil 8 is the undisturbed farmland soil of the experimental plot;

The backup power supply 9 is industrial electricity and serves as the backup power supply 9 for supplying power to the solar panel 10;

The solar panel 10 provides power for the ecological box and is the main power source of the ecological box;

The fixed screw 11 can adjust and fix the height of the support rod 12;

The bottom 14 of this ecological box has no bottom plate or gauze, and is directly connected to the lower in-situ soil;

The electric wire tube 15 installs and protects the electric wires 21 and provides power for the instruments and equipment in the ecological box;

The soil passed through a 2mm sieve is the soil placed in the ecological box. The in-situ soil is taken back to the laboratory, dried naturally indoors and passed through a 2mm sieve, and then the soil passed through the 2mm sieve is spread evenly into the ecological box;

The soil surface is the surface of farmland soil in the experimental plot.

The crops 13 are crops 13 planted in the experimental farmland during the current season.

The working steps of this field experimental device are as follows:

Step 1: Select a spatial location for placing the solar panel 10, the backup power supply 9 and the ecological box. In the field experimental farmland, the solar panels 10, the backup power supply 9 and the ecological box are selected and set according to the actual conditions such as the shape and size of the sample plot, the distance from the industrial power supply or the agricultural power supply, the height of the surrounding crops 13, the characteristics of the trees in the field, etc. Spatial location.

Step 2: Install solar panels 10 and backup power supply 9. Place the solar panel 10, electric wire tube 15, elbow 16, and fixing screw 11 at a suitable position in the farmland soil.

Step 3: Place the ecological box. Use a shovel and other tools to dig out a soil pillar with a diameter of 20cm and a depth of 22cm to house the entire ecological box.

Step 4: Place the lower ecological box 6. Includes the following steps:

In the first step, gently insert the lower ecological box 6 into the excavated soil column to maintain the integrity of the ecological box and try to maintain the cylindrical shape of the lower ecological box 6 so that the outer wall of the ecological box and the soil are closely attached;

In the second step, spread farmland soil with a thickness of 10cm through a 2mm sieve in the lower ecological box 6. When the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 10cm, gently tap it with a shovel or a hand wearing disposable gloves to keep the soil surface level. ;

The third step is to connect the lower gauze 3 and the lower ecological box 6 through the connecting ring 7. Care must be taken during the connection process to ensure that the connection is tight and strong.

Step 5: Place the middle ecological box 5. Includes the following steps:

In the first step, gently insert the middle ecological box 5 into the excavated soil column and connect it to the lower screen through the connecting ring 7. Pay attention to maintaining the integrity of the ecological box and try to maintain the cylindrical shape of the lower ecological box 6 so that the ecological box The outer wall is closely attached to the soil;

The second step is to arrange the wires 21 required for the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, soil pH sensor 26, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and soil conductivity sensor 28 placed in the middle ecological box 5. The upper part of the wire 21 is connected to the middle ecological box 5. The top is flat, and the lower part of the wire 21 passes through the lower gauze 3 and is connected to the solar panel 10 and the backup power supply 9 through the wire tube 15;

The third step is to arrange the wires 21 required for the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 placed in the upper ecological box 4. The upper part of the wire 21 is level with the farmland soil surface 18 (ie, the top of the upper ecological box 4), and the lower part of the wire 21 passes through the lower layer. The ecological box 6 gauze is connected to the solar panel 10 and the backup power supply 9 through the wire tube 15;

The fourth step is to spread farmland soil with a thickness of 10cm through a 2mm sieve in the middle ecological box 5. When the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 10cm, gently tap it with a shovel or a hand wearing disposable gloves to keep the soil surface level. ;

The fifth step is to gently bury the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, soil pH sensor 26, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and soil conductivity sensor 28 in the surface soil of the middle ecological box 5, covering the uppermost part of the sensor with a layer A thin layer of farmland soil that has passed through a 2mm sieve is suitable;

The sixth step is to connect the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, the soil pH sensor 26, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and the soil conductivity sensor 28 to the previously installed wires 21, and check whether the aforementioned sensors can work normally after power on. After the sensor can work normally, proceed to the next step. If the aforementioned sensor cannot work normally, recheck whether the wire 21 is connected correctly;

The seventh step is to arrange the wires 21 required for the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 placed in the upper ecological box 4, pass the wires 21 of the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 through the middle layer gauze 2, and connect the wires 21 of these instruments and equipment. The upper part of the wire 21 remains in the spatial position of the upper ecological box 4;

The eighth step is to connect the middle gauze 2 and the middle ecological box 5 through the connecting ring 7. Care must be taken during the connection process to ensure that the connection is tight and strong.

Step 6: Place the upper ecological box 4. Including the following steps:

In the first step, gently insert the upper ecological box 4 into the excavated soil column and connect it to the middle screen through the connecting ring 7. Pay attention to maintaining the integrity of the ecological box and try to maintain the cylindrical shape of the upper ecological box 4 so that the ecological box The outer wall is closely attached to the soil;

In the second step, spread farmland soil with a thickness of 1.5cm through a 2mm sieve in the upper ecological box 4. When the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 1.5cm, gently tap it with a shovel or a hand wearing disposable gloves to make the soil surface maintain standard;

In the third step, the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 are gently placed in the unpaved soil area 22;

The fourth step is to connect the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 to the previously installed wires 21, and check whether the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 can work normally after power-on. Then proceed to the next step. If the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 do not work properly, recheck whether the wire 21 is connected correctly;

The fifth step is to gently place the screened and cultured green ecological buoys 23 on the surface of the farmland soil that has passed through the 2mm sieve, try not to disturb these green ecological buoys 23, and let these green ecological buoys 23 slowly enter the 2mm sieved soil. in farmland soil;

In the sixth step, after all the green ecological buoys 23 have entered the farmland soil that has passed the 2mm sieve, gently cover the upper gauze 1 and connect the upper gauze 1 to the upper ecological box 4 through the connecting ring 7. Connect. Care must be taken during the process to ensure that the connection is tight and strong, and the movement must be light to avoid affecting the green ecological buoy 23 just placed.

Step 7: The farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device starts working.

Specific steps are as follows:

The first step is to turn on the power and let the field experiment device start working.

In the second step, open the portable laptop computer that you carry with you and start receiving real-time transmissions from the high-definition camera 19, the sound recorder 20, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, the soil pH sensor 26, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and the soil conductivity sensor 28 data and conduct preliminary analysis of the data.

The third step, if everything is normal, you can proceed to the next step. If you find that there are abnormalities in the data of individual instruments and equipment, you need to repeat steps 5 and 6 to adjust the wire 21. After all the instruments and equipment are normal, proceed to the next step. one step;

The fourth step is to remotely control the indoor data management center and monitor whether the indoor data management center can receive the green ecological buoy 23 and soil environmental factor data in real time. If everything is normal, you can proceed to the next step; if it cannot receive the aforementioned real-time data normally, then It is necessary to ask indoor staff to debug the instruments and equipment of the indoor data management center. The next step can only be carried out after the instruments and equipment of the indoor data management center can normally receive the real-time transmitted green ecological buoy 23 and soil environmental factor data;

The fifth step is to return to the indoor data management center to formally receive the real-time and automatically transmitted green ecological buoy 23 and soil environmental factor data.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 4: 1. Real-time automatic monitoring process in the field: use soil animal activity biosensors, high-definition cameras, sound recorders, etc. inside the field experimental ecological box to automatically monitor the selected soil animal green ecological buoys (i.e. soil animals) in real time The interaction process with the soil environment, thereby obtaining high-definition, real-time data on the interaction between the soil animal green ecological buoy and the soil environment.

2. Real-time automatic data transmission process: Using modern technologies and methods such as 5G network, Internet+, and cloud platforms, the high-definition and real-time data on the interaction between the soil animal green ecological buoy and the soil environment obtained above are transmitted to the experiment in real time and automatically. room data management center.

3. Real-time data storage, management and analysis process: Based on modern electronic computers, databases, big data, cloud computing and other modern equipment and technical methods, real-time reception, storage and management of the interaction between the soil animal green ecological buoy and the soil environment transmitted real-time data, and based on modern technologies and methods such as big data, cloud computing, and deep learning, analyze and mine the acquired multi-source heterogeneous big data.

4. Farmland soil health diagnosis process: Based on the large amount of high-quality data obtained above, using big data, artificial intelligence, deep learning and other technologies, methods and algorithms to conduct real-time assessment and diagnosis of the monitored farmland soil health status, and provide health information Condition assessment results.

5. Farmland soil health treatment and service process: Based on the aforementioned diagnosis results of farmland soil health conditions, scientific treatment plans for farmland soil are provided in real time and automatically, and scientific services and on-site event treatment are provided.

6. Farmland soil: The field experiment object monitored by this patent is the farmland soil entity.

7. Soil animal activity biosensor field experimental ecological box: Another invention patent developed by our team, this soil animal activity biosensor field experimental ecological box can place the screened soil animal green ecological buoy (another invention patent) In this field experimental ecological box, high-intensity cameras, sensors, etc. are used to automatically monitor real-time data on the interaction between soil animals, green ecological buoys, and the soil environment.

8. Green ecological buoy: the in situ soil animals in the farmland screened out by this patent. The specific screening process is detailed in another patent.

9. Farmland surface: The field experimental object monitored by this patent is the farmland surface.

As shown in Figure 5: 1. The complex ecological process of the interaction between the green ecological buoy and the farmland soil environment: This is the first working principle process of this patent work, through the field experiment of placing the green ecological buoy on the soil animal activity biosensor In the installation, a complex ecological process of interaction between green ecological buoys (i.e. soil animals) and the farmland soil environment occurs in the wild.

2. All-day, all-weather, and full-cycle real-time automatic monitoring of complex ecological processes: This is the second working principle process of this patent. Modern monitoring instruments and equipment are used to automatically monitor green ecology in all-day, all-weather, and full-cycle real-time. The complex ecological process of interaction between buoys (i.e. soil animals) and farmland soil environment.

3. High stability, high quality, real-time automatic transmission of multi-source heterogeneous big data: This is the third working principle process of this patent. Based on modern information transmission equipment and technical methods, high stability, high High-quality, real-time and automatic data transmission to the indoor experimental data management center.

4. Accept, store, identify and analyze real-time big data: This is the fourth working principle process of this patent. The indoor experimental data management center will accept, store and identify the transmitted data, and analyze the data.

5. Real-time diagnosis, treatment and service of farmland soil health: This is the fifth working principle process of this patent. Based on the analysis, mining and evaluation of monitoring data, it ultimately provides real-time diagnosis, treatment and service of farmland soil health. Serve.

The soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method of the present invention can be used to diagnose the health of farmland soil. The so-called farmland soil can include dry field soil, paddy field soil, paddy and drought rotation farmland soil, etc., and can also include mountain farmland soil, plain farmland soil, and hilly farmland. Soil, etc. may also include corn field soil, soybean field soil, wheat field soil, rapeseed field soil, etc. The soil animal activity biosensor of the present invention can be used to diagnose a variety of farmland soil health conditions, including the diagnosis of farmland soil health conditions where different types, different concentrations, different time periods, and different combinations of pesticides and chemical fertilizers are applied; including the diagnosis of farmland soil health conditions. Diagnose the health status of farmland soil based on farmland management measures such as plowing, leveling, and irrigation; including diagnosis of farmland soil health status affected by natural stresses such as drought, heavy rain, and late spring cold. The so-called farmland soil health diagnosis in the soil animal activity biosensor of the present invention includes the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and services of farmland soil health. The so-called evaluation is to evaluate the health status of farmland soil at different levels based on evaluation indicators; the so-called diagnosis It is to give a diagnosis result of health level; the so-called treatment is to give one or more sets of targeted, scientifically based, effective and feasible plans to improve and improve the quality of farmland soil; the so-called service is to give One or more sets of series of service measures that can be implemented in the field and are consistent with the actual conditions of different farmland soils and the current conditions of farmland soils in different regions.

Design of the present invention (1) Soil animal activity biosensor uses in-situ soil animals in farmland as green ecological buoys. These green ecological buoys include earthworms, ants, beetles, centipedes, mites, springtails, etc. in situ in farmland; green Ecological buoys are not just a sensitive material, their functions are more complex in theory and more effective in practice; green ecological buoys are sensitive to complex soil animal biological processes, complex farmland soil environmental conditions, and complex It is a complex and natural ecological process that comprehensively reflects the interaction process between soil animals and farmland soil, and can diagnose the health status of farmland soil;

(2) Soil animal activity biosensors are a kind of green ecological buoy. These soil animals are collected from wild farmland soil and have interacted and co-evolved with wild farmland soil for several years, decades, or even hundreds of years. relationship, and have extremely strong adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to wild farmland soil; when farmland soil is affected by human activities, these soil animals will show active and passive responses and adaptations based on biological instincts, which This green ecological buoy has outstanding authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability when reflecting soil health conditions;

(3) Through high-definition cameras, high-definition sound recorders, micro-photography and other equipment and technologies, the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the present invention can automatically monitor soil animals in real time, all-weather, and throughout the cycle through various modern automatic monitoring instruments and equipment. The complex ecological process between itself and the farmland soil environment;

(4) Existing biosensors convert the degree of reaction into electrical signals and calculate the size of the measured value based on the electrical signals. However, the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the present invention adopts modern technical methods such as Internet+ and 5G network and Instruments and equipment can transmit automatically monitored multi-source heterogeneous big data with high stability, high quality, real-time and automatic transmission to the data management center, and can automatically receive, store, identify and analyze real-time, multi-dimensional and multi-dimensional data in real time. Big data from heterogeneous sources.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (4)

1. The method for obtaining the soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: the green ecological buoy of the farmland soil animal active biosensor is screened:

(1) collecting soil animals in a field farmland, and carrying the collected living soil animals back to a laboratory: collecting farmland soil animals in a field farmland, placing the collected soil animal samples into a specimen bottle or a specimen box, and separating predators from predators and competitors; then, a cover is covered to prevent the soil animals from escaping, and a plurality of small holes are pricked on the cover by using tools to ensure that enough air exists in the specimen bottle or the specimen box, the aperture of the small holes is smaller than 2mm, and the soil animals in the specimen bottle or the specimen box are prevented from escaping; then, placing in-situ soil particles and litters into a specimen bottle or a specimen box; collecting soil columns or earthwork with the depth of 15cm in a field farmland by using a soil column method, putting the soil columns or earthwork into a cloth bag or a self-sealing bag, and carrying mites and springtails with dominant quantity in soil to be separated back to a laboratory;

(2) and picking and separating the collected soil animal samples, respectively placing the soil animal samples into a culture box for culture, and automatically monitoring the activity rule of the soil animals in real time by adopting a high-definition camera:

The method comprises the steps of firstly classifying and arranging soil animals in specimen bottles or specimen boxes, and respectively placing the soil animals in different culture boxes according to groups; the bottom layer of the culture box is paved with 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil which passes through a 2mm sieve, crops or weed straws are covered on the soil, natural environment conditions of the field farmland soil are simulated, and the soil is regulated to the average soil temperature and humidity level of the field farmland; according to the food preference of different groups, different food resources are respectively put into the culture box, and for the same species and group, standardized culture and cultivation are carried out, and the same and equivalent food resources are put in each time;

for the soil column or the earthwork brought back from the field, separating medium-sized soil animals in the soil column or the earthwork brought back from the field by adopting a dry funnel method; at the lowest part of the dry hopper, a culture box provided with a culture medium is used for directly separating and acquiring living soil springtails and mites; after separation, separating the springtails and mites into different culture boxes for culture, wherein the materials and the specifications of the culture boxes are the same as those of the culture boxes, and a prepared standardized culture medium is arranged in the culture boxes; carrying out standardized cultivation and cultivation on the same species and group, and putting the same and equivalent food resources each time;

Placing the culture box into a constant-temperature wet incubator, and regulating the soil temperature and humidity to the average soil temperature and humidity level of a field farmland; or directly placing the culture box into a laboratory, and culturing and breeding under the room temperature condition; in the whole culture process, a high-definition camera is arranged above a culture box, the activity state of soil animals is automatically monitored in real time, and the automatically monitored data are timely imported into a database;

(3) screening a large number of soil animals which are available for culture and can be propagated and grown in a large quantity in a laboratory:

periodically and regularly checking and measuring soil animals in the culture box to obtain basic parameters so as to judge which soil animals can be used as green ecological buoys of the soil animal activity biological sensors; the attribute data for inspection and measurement includes:

basic properties: species number, individual number, biomass, body length, body width, body color, egg number, larval number;

activity characteristics: the number of activities, the moving direction, the moving distance, the moving time, the number of fighting times, the degree of fighting and the competition result in unit time;

after 40 days of culture, selecting species and population which meet basic attributes and activity characteristics, and taking the species and population as an object entering the next screening link and also as a candidate of a green ecological buoy required by the soil animal active biosensor; the requirements are as follows: (1) basic attribute aspects: the number of individuals is unchanged or increased, the average biomass is unchanged or increased, the average body length and body width are unchanged or increased, the average spawning number is unchanged or increased, and the average larval number is unchanged or increased; (2) Activity feature: the number of activities in unit time is basically kept stable, and the moving distance in unit time is basically kept stable; selecting species and populations with basic attributes and activity characteristics at average levels to enter a next screening link, wherein the species and populations of the soil animals are called candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal activity biosensors;

(4) And (3) culturing candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal active biological sensors to obtain synchronized species and populations:

culturing and breeding candidates of green ecological buoys required by the selected soil animal active biosensors, and breeding the candidates to obtain synchronized species, individuals and populations; during this period, the environmental conditions, basic attributes, activity characteristics and all conditions occurring in the incubation process are recorded, and the automatic monitoring equipment acquisition data is imported into a database;

(5) and setting pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, screening species and populations of soil animals with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, and taking the species and populations as species and populations of green ecological buoys required by soil animal activity biosensors:

step 1 (5) is divided into six steps:

firstly, preparing a culture box, selecting a 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil culture box with a 2mm sieve paved at the bottom of the culture box for large-sized soil animals, and placing the large-sized soil animals in the culture box; for medium-sized soil animals, selecting a culture box which is provided with a culture medium and paved with 1cm thick in-situ farmland soil with a 2mm sieve, and placing the springtails and mites in the culture box;

Secondly, transferring the soil animals synchronized in the step (4) to a culture box respectively;

thirdly, selecting a pesticide, and respectively setting 4 gradients of pesticide-free, low-concentration, medium-concentration and high-concentration pesticides according to the dosage habit of using the pesticide by local farmers; spraying four gradients of pesticides into the culture boxes in the second step according to the habits of local farmers for pesticide application;

fourth, automatically monitoring the dynamic characteristics of the soil animals in real time: a high-definition camera is arranged above the culture box, and the dynamic characteristics of soil animals under different pesticide gradients are automatically monitored in real time;

and fifthly, periodically harvesting soil animals in the culture box at regular time, and measuring basic attributes and activity characteristic parameters of the soil animals: harvesting soil animals in the culture box at regular intervals of 7 days, respectively acquiring basic parameters and activity characteristics of the soil animals, and timely importing the acquired data into a database;

step six, finishing and analyzing all data obtained in the first test period, running an algorithm and a model for evaluating the soil animal activity biological sensor, and screening out species and population of the green ecological buoy which can be used as the soil animal activity biological sensor according to the evaluation result;

(6) And setting pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, combining and culturing the species and the population of the green ecological buoy required by the screened soil animal active biosensor, screening a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, and taking the soil animal community as the green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal active biosensor:

according to the screened soil animal active biosensor species and population, carrying out various combinations on the screened green ecological buoy candidates required by the soil animal active biosensor which is not subjected to pesticide gradient experiments to form different soil animal communities; repeating the experimental processes from the first step to the sixth step in the step (5) of the step 1, and screening out a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, thereby being used as a green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal active biosensor;

(7) after at least 3 experimental cycles, the green ecobuoy species, population and community required by the screened soil animal active biosensor are determined:

screening in the first experimental period, screening in the second and third experimental periods, and using the species, population and community which are qualified in evaluation as green ecological buoy species, population and community required by the soil animal activity biosensor, and using the species, population and community in field farmland soil health diagnosis practice after indoor culture, verification under field complex environmental conditions and indoor secondary culture;

Step 2: field domestication is carried out on a green ecological buoy of the farmland soil animal active biological sensor based on the farmland soil animal active biological sensor field experimental device:

(1) collecting 0-15cm of in-situ farmland soil in the field, taking the farmland soil back to a laboratory, naturally airing the farmland soil indoors, and sieving the farmland soil with a sieve of 2mm for later use;

(2) performing batch and synchronous culture on the green ecological buoys screened in the step 1, measuring the synchronous green ecological buoys, wherein the measurement parameters comprise biomass, body length, body width and body color of the green ecological buoys, and then placing the green ecological buoys in a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal active biosensor for field domestication;

(3) digging cylindrical soil pits with the depth of 0-15cm in a field farmland by using a sterilized tool, and digging at least 30 soil pits for each green ecological buoy;

(4) setting and operating a farmland soil animal active biosensor field experiment device, and arranging a farmland soil animal active biosensor green ecological buoy in the farmland soil animal active biosensor field experiment device:

(1) Placing a lower ecological box of the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device into a soil pit, wherein the bottom of the lower ecological box is directly contacted with in-situ farmland soil, then laying electric wires used by instrument equipment in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device ecological box, and connecting the electric wires out of the bottom of the lower ecological box and directly connecting the electric wires into an electric wire pipe in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device ecological box;

Spreading the soil which is screened by the 2mm sieve into a lower ecological box, spreading the soil layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, and lightly beating the soil by using a rubber hammer when the soil is flush with the top of the lower ecological box so as to level the soil; then spraying water by using a spray pot, and calculating the volume of water to be sprayed according to the water content of soil at the lower layer of the farmland so as to make the water content of the soil in the lower layer ecological box equal to the water content of the soil at the lower layer of the farmland;

fastening a connecting ring in a farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device, enabling electric wires of instruments and equipment in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device to pass through sieve holes of a lower gauze, and then enabling the lower gauze in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device to be connected and fastened with a lower ecological box;

(2) The middle ecological box is arranged in the soil pit and is connected with the lower ecological box through a connecting ring; connecting an electric wire of an instrument device with a soil sensor in an upper middle ecological box, wherein the soil sensor comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a soil pH value sensor, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor and a soil conductivity sensor in a farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device;

Then spreading the soil which is screened by the 2mm sieve into a middle ecological box, spreading the soil layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, and lightly beating the soil by a small spade when the soil is flush with the top of the middle ecological box so as to level the soil; then spraying water by using a spray pot, and calculating the volume of water to be sprayed according to the water content of the soil in the middle layer of the farmland so that the water content of the soil in the middle layer ecological box is equal to the water content of the soil in the middle layer of the farmland;

then, the position of the soil sensor is adjusted to be positioned at the top of the middle ecological box and the lower part of the middle gauze, and the probe of the soil sensor is buried in the soil and cannot touch the middle gauze;

(3) The upper ecological box is arranged in the soil pit and is connected with the middle ecological box through a connecting ring; connecting electric wires of the instrument equipment with a high-definition camera and a sound recorder in an upper ecological box;

spreading the soil which is screened by the 2mm sieve into an upper ecological box, spreading the soil layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, wherein the thickness of the soil is 1.5cm, and the soil which is not paved by 2mm in a space which is 0.5cm away from the edge of the upper ecological box at the upper part is beaten by hands with disposable experiment gloves, so that the soil surface is flat; then spraying water by using a spray pot, and calculating the volume of water to be sprayed according to the water content of the soil on the upper layer of the farmland so that the water content of the soil in the upper layer ecological box is leveled with the water content of the soil on the upper layer of the farmland;

Preparing a high-definition camera and a sound recorder, and fixing the high-definition camera and the sound recorder on the inner wall of a PVC board of an upper ecological box in an area where soil is not paved;

placing the synchronized green ecological buoys into the soil surface of the upper ecological box, and setting the number of the placed ecological buoys according to the characteristics of the green ecological buoys;

then using a connecting ring to fix the upper gauze to the upper ecological box so as to enable the upper gauze to be flush with the surface layer of farmland soil;

(4) Treating farmland surface soil near the ecological box to enable the farmland surface soil to be close to natural farmland surface soil;

(5) automatically monitoring, checking, recording, arranging and analyzing the dynamic state of the green ecological buoy day by day:

the field experimental device based on the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor automatically monitors and timely checks the state and activity characteristics of the green ecological buoy in the ecological box in real time; in the whole field domestication process, checking, recording, arranging and analyzing the state and activity characteristics of the green ecological buoy at regular time to serve as an evaluation basis of the field domestication result of the green ecological buoy;

(6) the green ecological buoys in the ecological boxes for field domestication are respectively retrieved in days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18, each green ecological buoy is guaranteed to retrieve 3 repeated ecological boxes, and the average field domestication state is taken for evaluating field domestication results;

(7) Measuring basic attribute parameters of the retrieved green ecological buoy indoors, including biomass, body length, body width, body color and the like, and evaluating field domestication results by combining the data obtained by automatic monitoring in the step (5) of the step (2);

in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 days, when the biomass, body length, body width and body color of the green ecological buoy are kept unchanged or increased, the daily moving distance, the number of activities in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoy are kept in an average stable state, namely the time of field domestication is selected as the day;

(8) and (3) taking the green ecological buoy as an object, repeating the steps (1) - (7) in the step (2), domesticating the green ecological buoy in batches, and using the green ecological buoy after field domestication in the practical process of farmland soil health assessment.

2. The method for obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the method for collecting farmland soil animals in step (1) comprises a hand picking method, a fluke device method, a trapping method, a net sweeping method, a lamp trapping method.

3. The method for obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for diagnosing farmland soil health according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the daily air temperature of the farmland soil animals collected in step 1 reaches more than 30 ℃, 1-2 ice bags are required to be used for cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃.

4. The method of obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the means for sterilization in step (3) of step 2 comprises a spade.