CN110129185A - Distributed domestic waste bioreactor - Google Patents

Abstract

Distributed domestic waste bioreactor, including the reactor cylinder, is provided with a heating layer and an insulation layer in turn on the outside of the cylinder, and a ventilation pipe is provided inside the cylinder, and the ventilation pipe is provided with air holes; There is a leachate storage chamber, the leachate storage chamber is surrounded by the side wall of the cylinder, the lower bottom plate, and the upper bottom plate with seepage holes, and a delivery pump is installed in the leachate storage chamber, and the delivery pump passes through the infusion tube It is connected to the leachate pipeline installed above the inside of the cylinder, and a drip hole is opened on the leachate pipeline; a sealed feed inlet and a gas outlet for collecting biogas are also provided on the top plate of the cylinder, and a gas outlet is provided on the side wall of the cylinder. There is a sealed outlet. The invention can solve the problems of scattered and small amount of rubbish, which is difficult to handle, and can reduce air pollution caused by gas generated during rubbish disposal, generation of leachate and energy consumption.

Description

Distributed domestic waste bioreactor

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of agricultural waste, and in particular relates to a distributed domestic waste bioreactor.

Background technique

my country's urbanization process continues to accelerate, and the importance of garbage disposal on the environment has been widely recognized from the government to the people. According to statistics (this data is still growing), the average annual output of garbage in large and medium-sized cities in my country is 440 kg, and the annual discharge of urban domestic garbage exceeds 200 million tons. 8-10% growth rate. Many cities, counties and towns in my country are besieged with garbage. Untreated garbage is piled up in the open air or accumulated along rivers, ditches, and dead corners of cities. Restricting the sustainable development of the city, governments all over the country are facing light or heavy garbage disposal problems.

For a long time, the vast majority of urban garbage in my country has been disposed of by waste dumping and simple landfill, which not only occupies a large amount of land, but also produces a large amount of leachate and harmful gases, causing serious secondary pollution to soil, groundwater and air. secondary pollution. With the deterioration of the garbage pollution problem, large and medium-sized cities in China have begun to pay attention to the problem of garbage disposal. However, due to various reasons such as backward technology, land constraints, and limited capacity and methods, the treatment level is still far from the requirements of marketization and industrialization. difference. This is especially true in rural areas. At present, the usual methods of garbage disposal in my country are: landfill, incineration, and recycling.

Landfill: my country has a large land area, so it is the most commonly used. Advantages: easy to handle, wide application range, large processing capacity, etc. Disadvantages: Landfill, usually referred to as sanitary landfill, is the most common and common method of garbage disposal, which is to collect the garbage we generate in one person The few places have been treated in a harmless manner. The harmless treatment mentioned here refers to our goal. We want to make these garbage harmless, but is it actually possible? A garbage sanitary landfill not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but it will have a long-term impact on the surrounding environment after the garbage is filled, including air, surface water, groundwater, and soil. Decades of maintenance and control are required to achieve the closed state. Poor maintenance during this period is likely to cause an explosion. Land use after the closure is also a troublesome issue. It is absolutely impossible to grow food or build houses.

Incineration: Not commonly used in cities due to the violent reaction of citizens. Advantages: the best volume reduction and harmless recycling, disadvantages: secondary pollution is inevitable.

Resourceization: It is the most potential and the most hopeful solution. However, due to the current immature technology, imperfect system, and the lack of awareness of citizens, the first step of recycling and the most critical waste classification is not very satisfactory, so the waste treatment plants in various places simply give the waste to the public. Landfill it or burn it alive.

In terms of garbage classification, we can learn from Japan’s garbage classification. They have already sorted the garbage in each household and put it in the garbage point of each community as soon as the garbage is generated. Therefore, the work of the garbage treatment plant is greatly reduced. few.

Utilization after anaerobic fermentation is a better treatment and utilization method for waste resources: Compared with the above, its advantages are: 1. Save a lot of land resources. 2 little or no impact on the surrounding environment. 3. It is convenient for centralized processing and management. 4 can be converted into energy (biogas) for use. But at present, there is no treatment facility for anaerobic fermentation of distributed domestic waste.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of decentralized domestic waste bioreactor, which can solve the problems of 1. there are many kinds of garbage in rural areas, and the garbage is scattered and small in amount, and it is difficult to handle. The problem of air pollution, 3 the problem of leachate produced by garbage disposal, and 4 the problem of energy required for garbage disposal. It has the following features: 1. It can be produced in a factory to form standard equipment, which can be sold in batches; 2. It can form an energy cycle system, and the leachate will not be discharged; 3. The biogas generated is collected for power generation for the equipment’s own use; 4. Different specifications can be produced according to the amount of waste generated. Applicable to the advantages of vast rural areas.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

Distributed domestic waste bioreactor, including a reactor cylinder, a heating layer and an insulation layer are arranged on the outside of the cylinder in sequence, and a ventilation pipe is provided inside the cylinder, and the ventilation pipe is provided with ventilation holes;

There is a leachate storage chamber at the bottom of the cylinder, which is enclosed by the side wall of the cylinder, the lower bottom plate, and the upper bottom plate with seepage holes, and is used to temporarily store the liquid generated when the garbage degrades , the liquid is pumped back to the reaction cylinder for fermentation and degradation of garbage. The liquid is rich in nutrients and can be used to generate biogas. There is a delivery pump in the leachate storage chamber. The delivery pump is connected to the leachate pipeline installed above the inside of the cylinder through the infusion tube. Liquid hole; the leachate pipe is connected to the top plate of the cylinder through a fixing device.

The top plate of the cylinder is also provided with a sealed feed inlet and a gas outlet for collecting biogas, and a sealed outlet is opened on the side wall of the cylinder to discharge the remaining residue after the reaction.

Further, a temperature sensor is provided inside the top plate, and the temperature sensor is connected with a control system arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder to control the temperature inside the cylinder at 35±2°C.

Further, the heating layer is heated by electricity, and the heat transfer medium is heat conduction oil or resistance wire.

Further, the ventilation pipe is an inverted T shape, and valve switches are provided at both ends of the horizontal section of the ventilation pipe to adjust the amount of air intake, so as to adjust whether the garbage in the cylinder is fully anaerobic or facultatively fermented, and the horizontal section The main part of the tank is located in the leachate storage chamber, and a cover plate is provided on the top of the vertical section to prevent garbage from entering the ventilation pipe.

Further, a garbage lifting device is provided on the side wall opposite to the sealed discharge port, the garbage lifting device includes a support plate fixed on the side wall, a bidirectional motor and a track are arranged on the support plate, and the bidirectional motor The rotating shaft is connected with a screw mandrel, a slide block with an internal thread is set on the screw mandrel, a hopper is fixed on the slide block, and the hopper is slidingly connected with the track. When it is necessary to fill the cylinder with garbage, the two-way motor drives the hopper up to the top of the cylinder through the screw rod. The hopper and the track are not interspersed and slidably connected, but are fitted and slidably connected. Therefore, manually pull the hopper in the horizontal plane, and the hopper is It can be detached from the track and rotated along the screw rod to the top of the feeding port. The bottom plate of the hopper is movable. When the bottom plate is removed, the garbage will fall into the cylinder to complete the garbage filling.

Further, the gas outlet for collecting biogas is connected to a wet gas tank or other gas storage container, and then connected to a biogas generator through a pipeline, and the generated biogas is used to generate electricity, and then provide energy for the reactor to achieve the effect of recycling.

Further, universal wheels are provided under the lower bottom plate to facilitate the movement of the reactor.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The present invention adopts a closed environment by means of heating, so that the garbage generates leachate through anaerobic microbial reaction, and then uses a pump to transport the leachate to the leachate pipeline at the top of the cylinder, so that the liquid drops into the garbage again , to achieve the effect of repeated use, so that the garbage can be fully reacted and harmless to the greatest extent.

Through the set temperature control system, the temperature in the cylinder is monitored in real time, and combined with the ventilation pipe with valve switch, the temperature and environment in the cylinder are adjusted to the best state, which is conducive to the reaction and decomposition of garbage.

The garbage lifting device is installed to realize automatic lifting and loading of garbage, saving manpower and improving efficiency.

In addition, the reactor of the present invention can adapt to the characteristics of small, scattered and large seasonal changes of domestic garbage in rural areas and remote areas.

The present invention can only use the moisture contained in the garbage itself to obtain more filtrate through continuous reaction, and then achieve repeated reaction decomposition. Therefore, it does not need to add water for treatment, and the filtrate is always circulated in the system, and there is no external drainage system, so no secondary Pollution.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure sectional view of reactor of the present invention;

In the figure, (1) sealed outlet, (2) insulation layer, (3) barrel, (4) heating layer, (5) control system, (6) temperature sensor, (7) top plate, (8) fixed Device, (9) air outlet, (10) sealed feed inlet, (11) drip hole, (12) track, (13) screw mandrel, (14) infusion tube, (15) hopper, (16) slider , (17) two-way motor, (18) support plate, (19) conveying pump, (20) vent hole, (21) lower base plate, (22) ventilation pipe, (23) universal wheel, (24) upper base plate, (25) Leachate piping.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the distributed domestic waste bioreactor includes a reactor cylinder 3, a heating layer 4 and a thermal insulation layer 2 are sequentially arranged on the outside of the cylinder 3, and a ventilation pipe 22 is arranged inside the cylinder 3. Ventilation holes 20 are arranged on the trachea; the heating layer 4 is heated by electricity, and the heat transfer medium is heat-conducting oil; Adjust the amount of air intake to adjust whether the garbage in the cylinder is fully anaerobic or concurrently fermented, and the main part of the horizontal section is located in the leachate storage chamber, and a cover plate is provided on the top of the vertical section to prevent garbage from entering the ventilation pipe.

There is a leachate storage chamber at the bottom of the cylinder, which is surrounded by the side wall of the cylinder, the lower bottom plate 21, and the upper bottom plate 24 with seepage holes, and is used to temporarily store garbage generated when degradation occurs. The liquid is pumped back to the reaction cylinder for fermentation and degradation of garbage. The liquid is rich in nutrients and can be used to generate biogas. A delivery pump 19 is provided in the leachate storage chamber, and the delivery pump 19 is connected to the leachate pipeline 25 arranged above the interior of the cylinder through the infusion tube 14. In the leachate pipeline 25 is provided with a drip hole 11; the leachate pipeline is connected to the top plate of the cylinder through a fixing device 8.

The top plate 7 of the cylinder is also provided with a sealed feed inlet 10 and a gas outlet 9 for collecting biogas, and a sealed outlet 1 is opened on the side wall of the cylinder to discharge the remaining residue after the reaction. A temperature sensor 6 is arranged inside the top plate 7, and the temperature sensor 6 is connected with the control system 5 arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder to control the temperature inside the cylinder at 35±2°C.

On the side wall opposite to the sealing discharge port 1, a garbage lifting device is provided, and the garbage lifting device includes a support plate 18 fixed on the side wall, and a bidirectional motor 17 and a track 12 are arranged on the support plate 18, The rotating shaft of bidirectional motor 17 is connected with screw mandrel 13, and the slide block 16 that has internal thread is sheathed on screw mandrel 13, is fixed with hopper 15 on the slide block 16, and hopper and track 12 slide and join. When it is necessary to fill the cylinder with garbage, the two-way motor drives the hopper up to the top of the cylinder through the screw rod. The hopper and the track are not interspersed and slidably connected, but are fitted and slidably connected. Therefore, manually pull the hopper in the horizontal plane, and the hopper is It can be detached from the track and rotated along the screw rod to the top of the feeding port. The bottom plate of the hopper is movable. When the bottom plate is removed, the garbage will fall into the cylinder to complete the garbage filling.

The gas outlet 9 for collecting biogas is connected to a wet gas tank or other gas storage container, and then connected to a biogas generator through a pipeline, and the generated biogas is used to generate electricity, and then provide energy for the reactor to achieve the effect of recycling. Universal wheels 23 are provided below the lower bottom plate 21 to facilitate the movement of the reactor.

The power required by the motor of the present invention and the electric power required for heating can be powered by storage batteries at the initial stage, that is, when the garbage has not produced methane, and can also be powered by ordinary lighting. The final design is to use the biogas generated by its own system to generate electricity for its own use.

Claims (7)

1. distributing domestic refuse bioreactor, which is characterized in that including reactor shell (3), on the outside of cylinder (3) successively Equipped with heating layer (4) and insulating layer (2), snorkel (22) are equipped with inside cylinder (3), which is equipped with air hole (20)；

It is equipped with percolate storage chamber in cylinder body bottom, the percolate storage chamber is by cylinder lateral wall, lower plate (21) and with infiltration The upper plate (24) of fluid apertures encloses, and is equipped with delivery pump (19) in percolate storage chamber, and delivery pump (19) passes through perfusion tube (14) it is connected to the percolate pipeline (25) being arranged above inner barrel, offers dripping hole on the percolate pipeline (25) (11)；

It is additionally provided with sealed feed inlet (10) on cylinder top plate (7) and collects the gas outlet (9) of biogas, is opened on cylinder lateral wall Equipped with sealing material mouth (1).

2. distributing domestic refuse bioreactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be equipped on the inside of top plate (7) Temperature sensor (6), which is connected with the control system (5) being arranged on cylinder body outer wall, by cylinder body temperature Control is at 35 ± 2 DEG C.

3. distributing domestic refuse bioreactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the heating layer (4) is with electricity Heating method, heat transfer medium are conduction oil or resistance wire.

4. distributing domestic refuse bioreactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the snorkel (22) is to fall T-type is equipped with valve switch at the horizontal segment both ends of snorkel, and to adjust air inflow, and the main part of horizontal segment is located at infiltration In filtrate storage chamber, it is equipped with cover board on vertical section top, to prevent rubbish from entering in snorkel.

5. distributing domestic refuse bioreactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that with seal material mouth (1) The side wall of opposite side is equipped with waste lifting device, and the waste lifting device includes the support plate being fixed on side wall (18), either-rotation motor (17) and track (12) are equipped on support plate (18), the shaft of either-rotation motor (17) is connected with screw rod (13), it is set with band internal thread sliding block (16) on screw rod (13), is fixed with hopper (15), hopper and track on sliding block (16) (12) sliding connects.

6. distributing domestic refuse bioreactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the outlet for collecting biogas Mouth (9) is connected with dish gas holder or other air containers, then is connected to biogas generator by pipeline.

7. distributing domestic refuse bioreactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that set below lower plate (21) There are universal wheel (23), facilitates reactor mobile.