CN103865781B - Domestic refuse and farm crop straw organism dry fermentation treatment unit - Google Patents

Abstract

A bio-dry anaerobic fermentation treatment device for domestic garbage and crop straws, comprising a fermentation tank, a spray pipe, an electric pump for returning sewage, an electric pump for spraying sewage, a leachate storage tank, and a heating coil; one end of the fermentation tank is equipped with There is a tapered door opening, and the other end is equipped with an emptying valve; several biogas collection pipes are connected with the biogas storage cabinet; the fermentation tank is a dry fermentation tank, no water is used for fermentation, and no biogas slurry is discharged; The tank is built with a vaulted roof to facilitate the collection of biogas; the dry fermentation tank is built into a modular type for several cycles, which realizes the continuity of garbage and crop straw treatment and gas production; dry fermentation takes 25-30 days as a cycle, and after 35- Medium-temperature fermentation at 38°C. In winter and low-temperature seasons, hot water coils are used for heating; acidified gas is discharged before the gas production cycle. The purity of biogas produced by dry fermentation is lower than that of wet-type biogas, and the purity of biogas is high. CH4 ≥ 65%, H2S ≤ 12ppm, 120-150m3 biogas per ton of mixed raw materials of garbage and straw.

Description

Domestic garbage and crop straw biological dry fermentation treatment device

technical field

The invention relates to a domestic garbage and crop straw treatment device, in particular to a device for resource utilization and harmless treatment of methane generated by mixed biological dry anaerobic fermentation of garbage and straw.

Background technique

According to reports, as of the end of 2010, the annual removal and transportation of domestic waste in cities across the country was 212 million tons, and the annual waste discharge in rural areas was 300 million tons. The discharge of livestock and poultry manure is about 3 billion tons, and the annual production of crop straw is about 700 million tons. City garbage has been besieged, 19.6% of which is incinerated to generate electricity, and 77% is simply landfilled. The rubbish in the countryside is piled up like a mountain, and the straw is piled up randomly and burned at will, which has not been effectively treated.

At present, 77% of urban domestic waste is landfilled and occupies 800,000 mu of land, polluting the environment around the landfill, causing strong dissatisfaction among residents, and seriously polluting groundwater, which not only wastes a lot of resources, but also brings long-term consequences. Hazards: 19.6% of incineration or incineration power generation, due to the high water content of garbage in our country, the incineration temperature is low, and it is easy to produce "dioxin" harmful gases if it does not reach 450 °C; and the investment in waste power plants is huge, generally per 100 tons of treatment scale investment More than 100 million yuan, seriously restricting its development. The composting process has the advantages of simplicity, low investment, and easy operation, but the breeding of mosquitoes and flies on site, odor and methane gas seriously pollute the environment, the degradation of organic matter is not complete, and the content of heavy metals in fertilizers is high. Washing and pyrolysis treatment requires a large amount of water and heat energy, and produces a large amount of harmful gas and sewage. The reprocessing volume is large and the cost is high. If it is not treated, it will inevitably cause secondary pollution. Wet anaerobic fermentation produces biogas, the concentration is generally TS ≈ 5-10%, 10-12 tons of water is required to treat 1 ton of garbage, and the fermentation requires a temperature of 35-38% ℃, which consumes a lot of heat energy and huge water consumption. Difficulties in accepting and restricting promotion and implementation.

To sum up, the current treatment of domestic waste and crop straw has not yet achieved true harmless treatment and resource utilization. Some treatment technologies are still limited to water washing, pyrolysis, high energy consumption, high water consumption and easy to produce secondary pollution.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a biological treatment device that can avoid land occupation of a large amount of land by landfill, serious pollution of groundwater and soil, and environmental pollution by garbage and straw incineration. The device provided by the invention does not need any additives, has low investment and operation costs, high biogas purity, no biogas liquid discharge, and avoids secondary pollution.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A biological dry fermentation treatment device for domestic garbage and crop straw, including a fermentation tank, a tapered door opening, a sealed door, a door opening and closing device, a spray pipe, an emptying valve, an isolation grate, an electric pump for returning sewage, and an electric pump for spraying sewage , leachate storage tank, heating coil; it is characterized in that: one end of the fermentation tank is provided with a tapered hole, the sealing strip is attached to the periphery of the sealing door, the sealing door is installed on the opening and closing device, and the opening and closing device passes through the door hinge The shaft rotates as a fulcrum, and several biogas collection pipes are connected with the biogas storage cabinet; the fermentation tank is a dry fermentation tank; the fermentation tank is built with a vaulted roof to facilitate the collection of biogas; Opening and closing device; the bottom of the fermentation tank is equipped with leachate recovery pipe, heating coil, and isolation grate; the closed end of the fermentation tank is equipped with an emptying valve; the leachate recovery pipe is connected to the inlet of the return sewage electric pump through the return connection pipe Liquid port, the liquid outlet of the backflow sewage electric pump is connected to the liquid inlet of the leachate storage tank through the leachate tank inlet pipe. The liquid inlet of the leachate storage tank is on the upper part of the leachate storage tank. The lower part of the storage tank has a liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet of the leachate storage tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the spray sewage electric pump through the leachate outlet pipe, and the liquid outlet of the spray sewage electric pump is connected to the water outlet through the water outlet. The pipe is connected to the leachate pipe;

Dry fermentation takes 25-30 days as a cycle. After fermentation at 35-38°C at medium temperature, in winter and other seasons when the temperature is low, hot water coils are used to heat, and 120-150m3 of biogas is produced per ton of mixed raw materials of garbage and straw. The biofermentation time of crop straw is long, the degradation is complete, the magnetic metal substances and battery heavy metals are sorted out before fermentation, the biogas residue has high fertilizer efficiency and low heavy metal content;

The dry-type fermentation tank is built into a modular system for several cycles, realizing the continuity of waste and crop straw treatment and gas production; the acidified gas is discharged before the gas production cycle, and the purity of the biogas produced by dry fermentation is higher than that produced by the wet method. Hydrogen sulfide Low biogas content, high purity of biogas, CH4≥65%, H2S≤12ppm; dry fermentation does not use water, and produces less biogas slurry, biogas slurry is used for inoculation of biological anaerobic flora, and no biogas slurry is discharged;

The fermentation tank is built into modularized several cycles for uninterrupted garbage and straw treatment and continuous biogas supply, which is suitable for large-scale treatment.

According to the biological dry-type fermentation treatment device for domestic waste and crop straw, it is characterized in that: the dry-type fermentation tank does not use water for dry-type fermentation, and produces less biogas slurry, which is used for inoculation of biological anaerobic flora use, no biogas slurry is discharged.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the main sectional view of the biological anaerobic dry fermentation tank of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a quarter sectional view of the biological anaerobic dry fermentation tank of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the overall process flow diagram of the domestic waste and crop straw dry type biological fermentation treatment device of the present invention

In the accompanying drawings: 1, fermentation tank 2, tapered door opening 3, sealing strip 4, sealing door 5, door hinge shaft

6. Door switch device 7, biogas collection pipe 8, leachate pipe 9, spray pipe 10, emptying valve

11. Isolation grate 12. Leachate recovery pipe 13. Outlet connection pipe 14. Return connection pipe

15. Return sewage electric pump 16. Spray sewage electric pump 17. Leachate outlet pipe 18. Leachate inlet pipe

19. Leachate storage tank 20, door presser 21, heating coil.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, it includes a fermentation tank 1, a tapered door opening 2, a sealing strip 3, a sealing door 4, a door hinge shaft 5, a door opening and closing device 6, a biogas collection pipe 7, and a leachate pipe 8 , spray pipe 9, emptying valve 10, isolation grate 11, leachate recovery pipe 12, outlet connection pipe 13, return connection pipe 14, return sewage electric pump 15, spray sewage electric pump 16, leachate out of the tank Pipe 17, leachate inlet pipe 18, leachate storage tank 19, door presser 20, heating coil 21.

Assembly relationship:

Concrete rectangular arch-top fermentation tank 1 built above the ground level, with a tapered opening 2 at one end of the fermentation tank 1, a sealing strip 3 attached to the periphery of the airtight door 4, and the airtight door 4 is installed on the opening and closing device 6 Above, the door opening and closing device 6 is connected with the fermentation tank 1 through the door hinge shaft 5 as a fulcrum, and the door presser 20 installed on the fermentation tank 1 compresses the airtight door 4 tightly. A leachate pipe 8 is arranged on the top of the fermentation tank 1, and the leachate pipe 8 is connected with a spray pipe 9, and several biogas collection pipes 7 are arranged to communicate with the biogas storage tank. A leachate recovery pipe 12, a heating coil 21, and an isolation grate 11 are provided at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and an emptying valve 10 is provided at the closed end of the fermentation tank 1 when the door is opened. The leachate recovery pipe 12 is connected to the liquid inlet of the backflow sewage electric pump 15 through the return connection pipe 14, and the liquid outlet of the backflow sewage electric pump 15 is connected to the liquid inlet of the leachate storage tank 19 through the leachate tank inlet pipe 18 The liquid inlet of the leachate storage tank 19 is on the top of the leachate storage tank 19, and the bottom of the leachate storage tank 19 has a liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet of the leachate storage tank 19 passes through the leachate outlet. The tank pipe 17 is connected to the liquid inlet of the spray sewage electric pump 16 , the liquid outlet of the spray sewage electric pump 16 , and is connected to the leachate pipe 8 through the water outlet connecting pipe 13 .

Advantageous effect of the present invention:

In the bio-dry fermentation treatment device for domestic garbage and crop straws of the present invention, the fermentation tank is built with a vaulted roof to facilitate the collection of biogas; the door opening and closing device is a hydraulic door opening and closing device, and the door opening and closing device drives the airtight door Make relative rotation around the door hinge shaft to realize the opening and closing of the airtight door and the conical opening. When the door is closed, the sealing strip is tightly attached to the periphery of the conical opening to realize the sealing effect. When the door is opened, the emptying valve is opened, and the fermentation The tank communicates with the atmosphere, reduces the air pressure in the fermentation tank, and removes the gas in the fermentation tank; the fermentation tank is a dry fermentation tank.

The dry-type fermentation tank is built into several modules for recycling, which realizes the continuity of garbage and crop straw treatment and gas production. Since the acidified gas before each gas production cycle is discharged, this is also the fundamental reason why the purity of biogas produced by dry fermentation is lower than that of biogas produced by wet method.

Dry fermentation does not use water, so there is no discharge of biogas slurry and no secondary pollution.

Each ton of garbage and crop straw produces 120-150 m2 of biogas, with high resource utilization and good benefits.

Because the dry-type fermentation tank is used intermittently to discharge the acidified gas in advance, the purity of the biogas is high, CH4≥65%, H2S≤12ppm.

Dry fermentation takes 25-30 days as a cycle. The biological fermentation time of domestic waste and crop straw is long, and the degradation is complete. Magnetic metal substances and battery heavy metals are sorted out before fermentation. The biogas residue has high fertilizer efficiency and low heavy metal content.

The fermentation tank is built into modularized several cycles for uninterrupted garbage and straw treatment and continuous biogas supply, which is suitable for large-scale treatment.

Biological dry anaerobic fermentation uses biogas residue and leachate to inoculate biological bacteria without any additives and water, and occupies less land and has low operating costs.

It is suitable for separate treatment of organic solid waste and mixed treatment with crop straw, and has a wide range of applications.

Design principle of the present invention is as follows:

When the biogas residue and leachate without bioanaerobic bacteria are used for inoculation for the first time, the bacteria should be cultivated and acclimated to inoculate the bioanaerobic bacteria; the leachate produced passes through the recovery pipe network at the bottom of the dry fermentation tank, and is returned by the sewage electric pump , recycle the leachate to the leachate storage tank and inoculate the biological anaerobic flora; 50% of the organic materials sorted out from domestic waste and 50% of the chopped crop straw, and then add 25-30% Batches of biogas residue containing biological anaerobic bacteria are mixed evenly with a forklift to inoculate biological anaerobic bacteria, and filled into 65-75% of the internal volume of the dry fermentation tank, and the sealed door is closed; opening and leaching A spray system connected to the liquid storage tank, the spray system includes a water outlet connection pipe, a spray sewage electric pump, a leachate pipe, and a spray pipe; The leachate plays the role of humidity control and inoculation of biological anaerobic bacteria, so that the raw material maintains a moisture content of 65-75%. Because the garbage and crop straw are mixed evenly before entering the fermentation tank, the biogas residue is inoculated and then sprayed with biological anaerobic bacteria. Bacteria leachate, eliminating the stirring process of the fermentation process, the recovery pipe network includes isolation grate, leachate recovery pipe, return connection pipe, return sewage electric pump. The first 48-72 hours of raw material fermentation is the acidification stage. Open the branch pipe valve on the biogas collection pipe network to send the acidified gas to the ultraviolet deodorization equipment for purification and discharge; after 72 hours to generate biogas, then close the hydrogen sulfide exhaust valve and open the channel. The valve to the biogas storage tank, the biogas enters the gas storage tank. The raw materials are fermented in the fermentation tank for 25-30 days as a treatment cycle, and each ton of organic waste and crop straw produces biogas of 120-150m3; the dry fermentation tank is built into a modular system for several cycles, realizing the combination of garbage and crop straw treatment and gas production continuity. Since the acidified gas before each gas production cycle is discharged, this is also the fundamental reason why the purity of biogas produced by dry fermentation is lower than that of biogas produced by wet method. Before the biogas residue is discharged from the pond, open the exhaust valve to ventilate and exhaust the remaining methane gas to prevent the operator from being poisoned, and use a forklift to transport the biogas residue. Because the fertilizer effect of dry fermentation is all retained in the biogas residue, and the magnetic metal objects and hard substances have been sorted out before entering the pond, so the biogas residue is a biological fertilizer with extremely high fertilizer efficiency. Domestic organic waste and crop straw are inoculated with biological anaerobic bacteria by mixing biogas residues and spraying leachate in the fermentation tank to adjust humidity and inoculate anaerobic bacteria. High-temperature fermentation has fast fermentation speed and high efficiency. However, in winter and other seasons when the temperature is low, the heating cost is high and it is not cost-effective. In winter, the hot water coil arranged in the fermentation tank is used for heating, and the biogas furnace only consumes 3% of its own production capacity. -5%, the use of sorted combustibles for heating does not consume its own production capacity, and the mixed raw materials of garbage and straw produce 120-150m3 of biogas per ton, CH4≥65%, H2S≤12ppm. Biogas residues are high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizers and battery-like heavy metals, which have achieved harmless treatment and resource utilization.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention rather than limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced; and all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A bio-dry anaerobic fermentation treatment device for domestic waste and crop straw, comprising a fermentation tank, a tapered door opening, a sealed door, a door hinge shaft, a door opening and closing device, a door compactor, a spray pipe, and an emptying valve, Isolation grate, return sewage electric pump, spray sewage electric pump, leachate inlet tank pipe, leachate storage tank, heating coil; the fermentation tank is a dry fermentation tank; the bottom of the fermentation tank is equipped with a leachate The leachate recovery pipe, heating coil, and isolation grate; the leachate recovery pipe is connected to the liquid inlet of the return sewage electric pump through the return connection pipe, and the liquid outlet of the return sewage electric pump is connected to the leachate storage tank through the leachate inlet tank pipe. The liquid inlet of the tank, the liquid inlet of the leachate storage tank is on the upper part of the leachate storage tank, and the lower part of the leachate storage tank has a liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet of the leachate storage tank passes through the leachate The tank outlet pipe is connected to the liquid inlet of the spray sewage electric pump, and the liquid outlet of the spray sewage electric pump is connected to the leachate pipe through the water outlet connection pipe; It is characterized in that: one end of the fermentation tank is provided with a conical opening, the conical opening is compressed and sealed by the door compactor, the sealing strip is attached to the periphery of the sealing door, the sealing door is installed on the opening and closing device, and the opening and closing device passes through The hinged shaft of the door rotates as a fulcrum; the closed end of the fermentation tank is provided with an emptying valve when the door is opened, and the emptying valve is opened when the door is opened, and the fermentation tank is communicated with the atmosphere to remove the gas in the fermentation tank; several biogas collection pipes are connected with the biogas storage The cabinets are connected, and the dry-type fermentation tank is built into several modules for recycling, realizing the continuity of domestic waste and crop straw treatment and gas production; 50% of the organic materials separated from domestic waste and 50% of the chopped crop straw are recycled. Add 25-30% of the last batch of biogas residue containing biological anaerobic bacteria from the tank, mix it evenly with a forklift to inoculate biological anaerobic bacteria, and put it into 65-75% of the internal volume of the dry fermentation tank, and then spray Drench the leachate containing biological anaerobic bacteria; after 35-38 ℃ medium-temperature fermentation, or 53-55 ℃ high-temperature fermentation, the stirring process of the fermentation process is omitted.