CN202170326U - Biomass dry distillation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biomass dry distillation device, which comprises a dry distillation reactor, a feeding device, a heating device, a gas output device, a discharging device and a gas treatment device. An output port of the feeding device is connected with an inner cavity of the dry distillation reactor, an input port of the discharging device is connected with the inner cavity of the dry distillation reactor, and an output port of the discharging device is connected with a carbon material collecting device arranged outside. An input end of the gas output device is communicated with the inner cavity of the dry distillation reactor, and an output end of the gas output device is connected with the gas treatment device. The biomass dry distillation device can well convert biomass into recycled energy sources, carbon and the like, achieves circulation and recycling of the energy substances, greatly improves reaction speed of dry distillation by adopting the structure, and can smoothly produce combustible gas, oil and carbon and be widely applied to treatment of household garbage (kitchen garbage), medical treatment garbage, sludge and the like from the points of view of hazard freeing, recycling and reduction.

Description

A biomass dry distillation device

technical field

The utility model relates to an urban garbage treatment device, in particular to a biomass dry distillation device.

Background technique

Biomass scattered in municipal solid waste is widely distributed in human life. The existing biomass treatment technologies scattered in municipal solid waste mainly include composting technology, incineration technology, and landfill technology.

The use of composting technology to treat biomass can basically achieve the target of harmlessness. However, because the technical control of composting is not very fine, the quality of composting often results in poor quality, making it difficult to promote composting technology.

Incineration technology is a project that has been studied by various countries for many years. After years of research results, it seems that incineration technology has solved the pollution problem of dioxins. However, due to improper operation and other reasons, the accumulation of dioxins around the existing incineration plants is still It has not been completely and thoroughly resolved. In recent years, there have been many voices and incidents of people opposing the establishment of incineration plants in China.

Landfill technology is a technology that has been accepted and widely used for many years. With the continuous improvement of landfill technology standards and the increase of costs, the environmental hazards of landfill technology have gradually decreased. However, landfill technology will take up a lot of The disadvantages of the land are difficult to overcome.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the utility model provides a biomass dry distillation device with less pollution and high resource reuse.

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts for solving its technical problem is:

A biomass dry distillation device is characterized in that it comprises a dry distillation reactor, a feed device, a heating device, a gas output device, a discharge device and a gas treatment device, the output port of the feed device is connected to the feed port of the dry distillation reactor, The input port of the discharge device is connected to the inner cavity of the carbonization reactor, the output port of the discharge device is connected to an external carbon collection device, the input end of the gas output device is connected to the inner cavity of the carbonization sensor, and the gas output The output end of the device is connected with the gas processing device.

Preferably, the feeding device is an Archimedes helical propeller, the solid outlet of the Archimedes helical propeller is connected to the feed port of the dry distillation reactor, and there is a closed gate on the feed port.

Preferably, a liquid seal is provided between the output port of the discharge device and the carbon material collection device.

Preferably, the heating device is at least one electric heating rod, and the electric heating rod is arranged at a position close to the lower part of the carbonization reactor inner cavity.

Preferably, the dry distillation reactor is a spherical closed structure.

Preferably, the biomass carbonization device is provided with an explosion-proof decompression device communicating with the inner cavity of the carbonization reactor.

Preferably, the discharge device is arranged at the lower part of the carbonization reactor, and a combustion chamber is arranged above the discharge device.

Preferably, the gas treatment device is provided with a gas supply circuit for supplying combustible gas to the combustion chamber.

Preferably, the outer side of the dry distillation reactor is provided with a vacuum insulation barrier.

Preferably, the gas output device actively extracts the gas in the dry distillation reactor.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model can better convert biomass into reusable energy and carbon, without producing dioxin and other pollution problems, and also solves the problem of biological waste scattered in urban domestic garbage. The disadvantages of material landfill occupying a large amount of land can effectively solve the problem of the conversion of "carbohydrate" compounds and "hydrocarbon" substances, realize the recycling and regeneration of energy materials, and greatly reduce the damage to the environment and the atmosphere caused by human activities. Change the current situation of global food shortage caused by the production of energy from food crops; the structure adopted by the utility model greatly improves the reaction speed of dry distillation, and can smoothly produce combustible gas, oil and charcoal, from harmless, resource It can be widely used in the treatment of domestic waste (kitchen waste), medical waste, sludge, etc. from the perspective of minimization and reduction.

Description of drawings

Further explanation is carried out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system composition of the present utility model.

Detailed ways

With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of biomass dry distillation device of the present utility model comprises dry distillation reactor 1, feed device 2, heating device 3, gas output device 7, discharge device 4 and gas treatment device 6, the feed device 2 The output port is connected to the feed port of the dry distillation reactor 1, the input port of the discharge device 4 is connected to the inner cavity of the dry distillation reactor 1, and the output port of the discharge device 4 is connected to an external carbon material collection device 15, The input end of the gas output device 7 communicates with the inner cavity of the dry distillation sensor 1 , and the output end of the gas output device 7 is connected with the gas processing device 6 . The heating device 3 is generally an electric heating rod, and the number of the electric heating rods can be one or more. The specific number is determined by the volume of the retort reactor 1. It is advisable to feed and discharge materials. In order to carry out the dry distillation process safely, the biomass dry distillation device is also preferably provided with an explosion-proof decompression device 9 communicating with the inner cavity of the dry distillation reactor 1 . In order to avoid the loss of heat energy, the outer side of the dry distillation reactor 1 is preferably provided with a vacuum insulation barrier 5 . Of course, in addition to the outer side of the dry distillation reactor 1, the equipment, devices or pipelines that need to be wrapped with insulation materials are generally also wrapped with insulation materials.

In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned various components, the device generally includes various instruments and meters for observing the operating state, various valves for controlling the operating state, and an automatic control system.

When the utility model works, the material to be processed is sent into the dry distillation reactor 1 through the feeding device 2, and the feeding device 2 is in a closed state after feeding. The dry distillation reactor 1 processes the materials to generate carbon substances, the carbon substances are sent to the carbon substance collection device 15 through the discharge device, and the gas is sent to the gas treatment device 6 through the gas output device 7 for processing. In order to ensure the effect of carbonization treatment, so that the carbonization process is carried out in a closed and oxygen-free space, the carbonization reactor 1 is generally preferably a closed structure such as a sphere, and the gas output device 7 uses a vacuum pump to actively extract the gas in the carbonization reactor 1 during operation. The interior of the dry distillation reactor 1 is in a negative pressure anaerobic state, effectively inhibiting the synthesis of dioxins. As shown in Figure 1, the gas processing device adopted in the utility model can include a liftable gas bag, a dust removal and deodorization tower 12, etc., and the gas is stored in the liftable gas bag, and will be processed by the dust removal and deodorization tower during use. The combustible gas with high purity is obtained and sent to the required location for use.

Preferably, the feeding device 2 is an Archimedes helical propeller, the solid outlet of the Archimedes helical propeller is connected to the feed port of the carbonization reactor 1, and there is a closed gate on the feed port. The setting of the Archimedes spiral propeller can make the feeding process of the materials to be processed more convenient.

Generally, a liquid seal 8 is also provided between the output port of the discharge device 4 and the carbon material collection device 15 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the carbon material collection device 15 is a storage tank, which is filled with water body, and the carbon material is discharged into the storage tank and then settles to the bottom of the tank. The bottom of the storage pool is set as an inclined surface, so that the carbon material can be concentrated to a corner of the bottom. When the carbon material reaches a certain amount, the carbon material can be taken out of the pool by grabbing buckets and other equipment.

The discharge device 4 of the present invention is generally arranged at the lower part of the dry distillation reactor 1, and it can perform the discharge process through manual/automatic control. A combustion chamber 10 is arranged above the discharge device 4, and the combustion chamber 10 may be a detachable or non-detachable structure, and the combustion chamber 10 is preferably square. When the above-mentioned combustion chamber 10 is provided, the heat required in the dry distillation reactor 1 can be provided jointly by the heating device 3 and the combustion chamber or separately. When the combustion chamber is in use, the heat energy generated by the combustion chamber rises from the bottom of the biomass carbonization device, which can make the whole device generate heat to achieve the heat required for the biomass carbonization reaction, and the flue gas generated by combustion is discharged into the external condenser middle. In order to save energy and increase energy utilization, the gas treatment device 6 is preferably provided with a gas supply circuit for supplying combustible gas to the combustion chamber 10 . In actual application, the combustible gas generated by the gas treatment device 6 is not only used to be supplied to the above-mentioned combustion chamber, but also can be converted into electrical energy after passing through the generator set, and supplied to the heating device inside the biomass carbonization device, so that it can use electrical energy to generate heat energy.

The processing procedure of the present invention will be described below for the embodiment in FIG. 1 .

When the utility model is working, the biomass enters the dry distillation reactor 1 through the feed port of the feed device, the feed device is closed, and the dry distillation reactor is in a negative pressure anaerobic state under the action of a vacuum pump or the like. The biomass entering the dry distillation reactor 1 is converted into combustible gas and char under the action of the heating device 3 and/or the combustion chamber 10 . The combustible gas converted from biomass is discharged through the gas output device 7 , and the oil through the oil outlet 13 enters the oil tank 14 . The exhausted combustible gas can be converted into electric energy through the generator set, and supplied to the heating device 3, so that it can be converted into heat energy by using the electric energy; the extracted combustible gas can also be burned in the combustion chamber 10 to achieve the heat energy required for biomass carbonization, and the combustion produces The flue gas enters the condenser. The charcoal converted from biomass falls into the carbon material collection device 15 (storage pool filled with water) through the discharge device 4 . When the amount of carbon material reaches a certain amount, the carbon material is taken out by grab bucket and other equipment.

The implementation of the utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned examples, as long as it achieves the technical effect of the utility model by basically the same means, it should belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (9)

1. A biomass carbonization device, characterized in that it comprises a carbonization reactor (1), a feed device (2), a heating device (3), a gas output device (7), a discharge device (4) and a gas treatment device (6), the output port of the feed device (2) is connected to the feed port of the dry distillation reactor (1), the input port of the discharge device (4) is connected to the inner cavity of the dry distillation reactor (1), and the discharge device The output port of (4) is connected with an external carbon collection device (15), the input end of the gas output device (7) communicates with the inner cavity of the dry distillation sensor (1), and the output of the gas output device (7) The end is connected with the gas treatment device (6). 2. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed device (2) is an Archimedes spiral propeller, and the solid outlet of the Archimedes spiral propeller is connected to the dry distillation The feeding port of the reactor (1) is connected with each other, and a closed gate is arranged on the feeding port. 3. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid seal (8) is provided between the output port of the discharge device (4) and the carbon material collection device (15). 4. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device (3) is at least one electric heating rod, and the electric heating rod is arranged near the lower part of the inner cavity of the carbonization reactor (1) . 5. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonization reactor (1) is a spherical closed structure. 6. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the biomass carbonization device is provided with an explosion-proof decompression device (9) communicating with the inner cavity of the carbonization reactor (1). 7. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge device (4) is set at the lower part of the carbonization reactor (1), and a combustion chamber is installed above the discharge device (4). Room (10). 8. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 7, characterized in that the gas treatment device (6) is provided with a gas supply circuit for supplying combustible gas to the combustion chamber. 9. A biomass carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that a vacuum insulation compartment (5) is provided on the outside of the carbonization reactor (1).

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