CN109688940B - 血管封堵器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
描述了一种用于在脉管内封堵血液流的血管封堵器。血管封堵器可包括可扩展的网部分,其具有柔性膜,该柔性膜在该可扩展的网部分的腔内扩展。当扩展时,柔性膜阻止血液通过网部分。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2016年6月10日提交的名称为“血管封堵器”的美国临时申请序列号62/348,729的优先权,其通过引用将其整体并入本文。
背景技术
出于多种原因,需要血管封堵器。情况包括动脉瘤、左心耳、房间隔缺损、瘘管、卵圆孔未闭、动脉导管未闭、血管关闭的治疗,或神经-脉管和外周脉管中的各种封堵目的。
栓塞线圈通常用于封堵目的。线圈填充目标治疗部位,但可能需要大量时间来封堵治疗区域。血管塞(脉管塞,vessel plug)适形于畸形、血管或目标治疗区域,并可提供快速封堵的效果。由于血管塞可以快速填充并适形于目标空间,因此通常在需要快速封堵的地方使用血管塞。为了有效,血管塞一般应当易于部署、促进快速的封堵、且在部署后抵抗移行。然而,常规的血管塞很少在所有这些要素上都很出色。
发明内容
本发明总体上涉及一种脉管塞(血管塞,vascular plug)。
在一个实施方式中,脉管塞包括编织的网部分,其从大致线性构型扩展到三维形状。例如,网部分可以扩展成大致的球形形状、凹形形状、扁平的椭圆形(卵形)形状或多个连接的球状物。
脉管塞可包括在扩张时在网部分的内部中部署的柔性膜。例如,柔性膜可包括基本上垂直于脉管塞的线性轴线布置的圆形平坦的膜。在另一个实例中,柔性膜扩展到不垂直于脉管塞的轴线的位置。
在一个实施方式中,柔性膜包括PET、ePTFE或薄金属膜。
在一个实施方式中,脉管塞及其附接的推进器构造成在网部分内或网部分外递送微线圈或其他栓塞材料。
在一个实施方式中,脉管塞包括在网部分内的弹性构件,以帮助脉管塞在患者体内的扩展。
本发明还涉及一种在患者体内部署脉管塞的方法。
附图说明
参考所附附图,本发明实施方式的这些和其他方面、特征和优点由本发明的实施方式的以下描述而阐明并且将能够变得显而易见,在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的脉管塞。
图2示出了根据本发明的脉管塞。
图3示出了根据本发明的脉管塞。
图4示出了根据本发明的脉管塞。
图5示出了推进器和分离机构。
图6示出了推进器和分离机构。
图7示出了推进器和分离机构。
图8示出了用于分离机构的电源和控制系统。
图9示出了脉管塞的另一实施方式。
图10示出了柔性膜的实施方式。
图11示出了柔性膜的实施方式。
图12示出了一种在其中具有弹性构件的柔性塞。
图13示出了一种在其中具有弹性构件的柔性塞。
图14示出了脉管塞的另一实施方式。
图15示出了脉管塞的另一实施方式。
图16示出了脉管塞的另一实施方式。
图17示出了脉管塞的另一实施方式。
图18示出了脉管塞的另一实施方式。
图19示出了带有微线圈的脉管塞的实施方式。
图20示出了带有微线圈的脉管塞的实施方式。
图21示出了脉管塞的另一实施方式。
具体实施方式
现在将参考所附附图描述本发明的具体实施方式。然而,本发明可以以许多不同的形式实施,并且不应该被解释为限于本文阐述的实施方式;而是提供这些实施方式是为了使本公开更彻底和完整,并向本领域技术人员充分传达本发明的范围。在所附附图中示出的实施方式的详细描述中使用的术语不旨在限制本发明。在附图中,相同的数字表示相同的元件。
脉管塞用于脉管中的各种封堵的目的。这些塞大体上适形于血管异常或血管的形状,从而封堵并阻止血液流经或流向目标区域。塞可用于治疗各种病情,包括动脉瘤、左心耳、房间隔缺损、瘘管、卵圆孔未闭、动脉导管未闭、血管关闭,或可用于神经-脉管和外周脉管中的各种封堵目的。
塞一般提供比其他封堵装置(如栓塞线圈)更快的封堵,因为塞适形于目标空间的形状而非填充目标空间,促进了更快的封堵。脉管塞一般比其他封堵装置(如栓塞线圈)更大,因为它们旨在适形于目标空间,而非填充目标空间。与其他封堵装置相比,这种较大的轮廓会让递送出现问题,因此,脉管塞需要平衡快速封堵的需要和易于递送的需要,以便有效地将塞递送到目标治疗部位。
图1至图8示出了脉管塞100的各个方面,该脉管塞连接到推进器112的远端端部,允许塞100通过导管113行进到患者的期望的目标位置。当脉管塞100的网部分102扩展时,柔性膜104也在网部分102内扩展,以在目标位置处产生阻塞或屏障。
网部分102从细长的压缩的圆柱形(例如当位于导管113内时)扩展为长度上较短的且大体上球形的扩展形状。网部分102的线可由镍钛合金、钴-铬、不锈钢线或其组合来形成。在一个实例中,网部分102包括48-144镍钛合金线,其直径范围为约0.0008”-0.005”。可选地,可以使用一种或多种(一个或多个)不透射线的线来创建网部分102,以进一步增强脉管塞100在手术期间的可视化。
网部分102的远端端部终止于远端帽构件108,并且网部分102的近端端部终止于近端帽构件110。这些帽构件108和110可以通过以下来形成,将网部分的线焊接到一起,将线焊接到分立的金属帽,将金属帽构件压接(卷边)到线上,或用粘合剂将分立的帽附接到线。优选地,这些帽构件108和110可包括不透射线的材料,使得它们可以在手术期间用作视觉标记。
柔性膜104虽被描述为膜,但可以是任何能够展开、拉直、伸展或以其他方式扩展为扩大且优选为平面区域的材料。柔性膜104可以包括各种柔性材料,这些柔性材料是生物相容的并且优选地增加患者的血栓形成反应。例如,可以使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或膨胀型聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)。在另一具体实例中,可以使用PET和ePTFE的复合材料。在另一实例中,柔性膜104可包括薄金属膜,诸如通过溅射或真空沉积所产生的那些。
柔性膜104由支撑框架106支撑,位于网部分102的腔内。支撑框架106包括有圆环部分106C,其扩展到与扩展的网部分102的最大内径区的尺寸相似的直径,并且定向成使得环部分106C的平面大致垂直于网部分的近端和远端端部之间的轴线(例如帽108和110之间的轴线)。该定向允许柔性膜104几乎完全地扩展于网部分102的腔,并阻止来自患者的流体在脉管塞100的近端和远端端部之间通过。
柔性膜104可以通过创建层压层而固定到环部分106C,该层压层在柔性膜104上,围绕环部分106C的线,并回到其自身上。例如,柔性膜104最初可以用PET创建,而ePTFE层可以被设置或层压在PET层和环部分106C上。或者,柔性膜104可以用金属线或聚合物纤维缝合到环部分106C。在另一替代实施方式中,粘合剂可用于附接的目的。在又一替代实施方式中,柔性膜104可以直接缝合或粘附到网部分102的线。
环部分106C优选地由远端支撑臂106A和近端支撑臂106B支撑。远端支撑臂106A在其远端端部处连接到远端帽构件108,并轴向延伸,在网部分102的中心附近径向地向外弯曲,并最终连接到环部分106C。同样,近端支撑臂106B在其近端端部处连接到近端帽构件108,并轴向延伸,在网部分102的中心附近径向地向外弯曲,并最终连接到环部分106C。远端支撑臂106A可以在与近端支撑臂106B的连接点直径上相对的位置处连接到环部分106C。在其他实施方式中,多个支撑臂可以以类似方式连接到环部分106C。例如,可以在环部分106C的近端侧和远端侧上都包括有2、3、4或5。
如图5至图8所示,脉管塞100可以通过推进器112远端端部上的加热器线圈114与推进器112分离,该加热器线圈能破坏系绳丝116。具体地,系绳丝116连接到推进器112(例如连接到结构线圈122),穿过加热器线圈114的内部,通过近端端部的帽110中的通道,并进入网部分102。系绳丝116的远端端部可以系到结116A,和/或可以通过粘合剂固定在脉管塞100内。当加热器被激活,系绳丝116破坏,从推进器112释放脉管塞100。
加热器线圈114在推进器112的远端端部处固定到芯线124的远端端部,该芯线延伸到推进器112的近端端部。第一线118在位置118A处焊接到加热器线圈114的远端端部,而第二线120在位置120A处焊接到加热器线圈114的近端端部,允许选择性地供电并由此产生热量。
线118、120在外管状层126、128内向近侧延伸到推进器112的近端端部;最好参见于图7。第一线118固定到远端电触头130,而第二线120连接到芯线124,该芯线最终连接到中间电触头130B。这些触头进一步被电隔离(如利用绝缘隔离物132)以防止意外的短路。因此,可以通过向远端电触头130A和中间电触头130B施加电力来创建有源电路。
通过将推进器112的近端端部插入到电力控制及供给单元134的通道134A中,可以向触头130A和130B供电。优选地,该单元包括有按钮134B或类似的用户界面控制,以在需要时激活电源。可选地,推进器112可包括有近端触头130C,其可由单元134使用以确定推进器112是否已恰当地被安置在通道134A中。类似的分离系统和/或变体可以在US8182506、US20060200192、US20100268204、US20110301686、US20150289879、US20151073772和US20150173773中找到,所有这些都通过引用并入,并且可以与该实施方式(以及本申请中的任一其他实施方式)一起使用。
在操作中,在其内部具有推进器112的导管113在患者的血管或内腔内推进,直到导管112的远端端部接近目标封堵部位。例如,导管113的远端端部可以定位在动脉瘤的口部内或动脉瘤的口部处。或在推进之前或在插入患者体内之前,推进器112的近端端部,包括电触头130A、130B和130C,插入供给单元134的通道134A中。
接下来,推进器112向远端推进(或者可选地缩回导管113),使得脉管塞100暴露在导管113的远端端部处,并位于需要封堵的部位处(如动脉瘤内或血管内)。当脉管塞100暴露时,网部分102和柔性膜104扩展,基本上阻止体液(如血液)流过它。
最后,用户激活按钮134B以供电通过推进器112和加热器线圈114。当加热器线圈114加热时,它破坏了连接到脉管塞100的系绳丝116,从而将脉管塞100从推进器112释放。最后,推进器112可以撤回到导管113中,且两个装置都可以从患者撤出。
或者,可以作为临时方式使用脉管塞112。具体地,脉管塞100可以被部署,并且然后撤回到导管113中。
图9示出了脉管塞150的另一实施方式,其大体上类似于先前描述的塞100,但包括环部分106C,其将柔性膜104的平面定位成相对于塞150和推进器112的轴线呈非垂直的角度。在一个实例中,环部分106C的平面相对于推进器112的轴线的角度呈约45度。
虽然柔性膜104在脉管塞100中形成大致圆形的形状,但其他形状也是可能的。例如,图10示出了具有大致“加号”形状的柔性膜152,其具有多个径向臂部分152。在另一实例中,图11示出了柔性膜组件154,其包括多个大致圆形的支撑环156,每个支撑环支撑分立的柔性膜158。环/膜可以彼此部分地重叠,并且可以使用不同数量(如2、3、4、5或6个)的环/膜。或者,每个支撑环156可以具有不同于圆形的形状,如方形、三角形、楔形或椭圆形。
本说明书中描述的脉管塞的任一实施方式进一步可以包括在网部分102内的弹性构件162,以辅助径向的扩展。例如,图12示出了脉管塞160(其可以具有或不具有柔性膜104),其具有连接到远端帽构件108和近端帽构件110的弹性构件162。脉管塞160被描述为其压缩构型(即在导管113内),以使弹性构件162被拉伸。在图13中,脉管塞160从导管113释放,允许弹性构件162将帽构件108、110彼此拉近,从而使网部分扩展。弹性构件162可以是能够提供弹性力的任何材料,诸如弹簧或可拉伸的弹性聚合物。
本说明书中描述的任一网部分102可以进一步包括编到网中的其他材料172的股线,诸如PET纤维、水凝胶纤维或PET涂覆的水凝胶纤维,如图14的脉管塞170中所见的。在一个具体实例中,网部分102包括144根编织的镍钛合金线(8根线直径为0.0025”而138根线直径为0.001”),有20根PET线粘附到0.004英寸的不锈钢线上,其通过编织的镍钛合金线以上下模式缝合。
应当理解,本说明书中描述的任一实施方式的网部分102都可以具有除脉管塞100的大致球形形状之外的扩展形状。例如,图15和图16分别示出了脉管塞180的截面侧视图和俯视透视图,其扩展成“杯状”或面向远端的凹形形状。支撑环106C和柔性膜104被描述成位于网部分102的内部中,但替代地可以定位于网部分102的外侧,在凹陷中形成面向远端的凹形区域。
在图17所示的另一个实例中,脉管塞190的网部分102可以扩展成相对平坦或扁平的椭圆形状。在图18所示的又一个实例中,脉管塞200可以扩展成多个(例如2、3、4、5、6)轴向对齐的球状物形状202,优选地,从单个连续的网部分102热成形为如此。柔性膜104可固定在任一球状物202内、所有的球状物202内或球状物202的任一组合内。
本说明书中公开的任一实施方式还可适于在不同位置也部署栓塞微线圈212(或其他栓塞材料,如液体栓塞材料或PET纤维)。例如,图19示出了大体上类似于先前描述的塞100的脉管塞210的实施方式。然而,推进器112和近端端部的帽110可以包括在其内的通道,微线圈212可以被推入网部分102的近端内部中(推进器112可以是导管)。添加的微线圈212可以进一步增强阻塞。
参见图20中的另一实例,脉管塞220可包括在近端帽构件110到远端帽构件108之间的通道222,其允许微线圈212被推动到塞220的远端侧。在该实例中,网部分102形成面向远端的凹形形状,微线圈212被定位在其中。
参见图21中的另一实例,脉管塞230没有柔性膜104,允许微线圈212被推入到网部分102的整个内部空间中。
微线圈212可具有被赋予其的三维的二级形状,允许其在不受约束时形成弯曲、线圈和类似的形状。这些二级形状一般有助于在治疗部位周围形成框架,随后可以使用较小的线圈来填充治疗部位。其他实施方式可以使用非复杂形状的栓塞线圈。在一个实例中,微线圈212具有一级卷绕直径(这是线圈在其被约束于递送导管内时的细长形状),其具有约.023英寸的最大值,这允许在内径高达约.027英寸的导管(或带有微线圈通道的推进器112)内使用。二级(递送)卷绕尺寸的范围可以在约2mm至约20mm之间。可选地,微线圈212可以涂覆或以其他方式浸渍有水凝胶,特别是pH反应性水凝胶,其在与具有特定pH(例如血液的pH)的流体接触时扩展。
图22示出了脉管塞240的另一实施方式,其具有在近端帽构件108和远端帽构件110之间延伸的多个弯曲的结构线244。柔性膜242连接在结构线244之上或之下,并且可包括薄金属膜,诸如通过溅射或真空沉积所产生的那些。或者,柔性膜242可包括网或聚合物诸如PET。可选地,脉管塞244构造成在柔性膜的内部递送微线圈212。
尽管已经根据特定实施方式和应用描述了本发明,但是根据该教导,本领域普通技术人员可以在不脱离要求保护的发明的精神或超出要求保护的发明的范围的情况下产生另外的实施方式和修改。因此,应理解,本文中的附图和描述是作为实例的方式提供的,以便于理解本发明,而不应解释为限制其范围。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于治疗患者的脉管塞,包括:
细长推进器;
固定至所述细长推进器的远端端部的网部分,所述网部分在被约束于导管中时呈径向压缩构型,且在不受约束时呈径向扩展构型;
其特征在于,包括:
跨越所述网的内部的近端部分的近端支撑臂,跨越所述网的内部的远端部分的远端支撑臂;所述近端支撑臂和所述远端支撑臂在所述网的内部形成环部分;以及
固定至所述环部分的膜;当所述网部分呈现其径向扩展构型时,所述膜呈现径向扩展构型,从而限制血液穿过所述网部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,还包括在所述膜上设置的层压层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的脉管塞,其中,所述膜包括PET,并且所述层压层包括ePTFE。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,还包括多个近端支撑臂和多个远端支撑臂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,包括两个近端支撑臂和两个远端支撑臂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述环部分扩展至与所述网部分的所述近端端部和所述远端端部之间的轴线相垂直的定向。
7.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述环在所述网部分的内部以相对于所述细长推进器的轴线非垂直的角度扩展。
8.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述膜经由金属线、聚合物纤维或粘合剂连接到所述环部分。
9.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述膜具有圆形形状。
10.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述近端支撑臂和所述远端支撑臂在所述网部分的中心附近径向地向外弯曲以限定所述环部分。
11.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述细长推进器还包括附接到所述网部分的系绳、和构造成对所述系绳进行破坏以释放所述网部分的加热器线圈。
12.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述细长推进器还包括微线圈,所述微线圈能够向远端前进到所述网部分的内部。
13.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述膜扩展至与所述网部分的所述近端端部和所述远端端部之间的轴线相垂直的定向。
14.根据权利要求1所述的脉管塞,其中,所述膜在所述网部分的内部以相对于所述细长推进器的轴线非垂直的角度扩展。
15.一种用于治疗患者的血管塞,包括:
细长推进器;
固定至所述细长推进器的远端端部的网部分,所述网部分在被约束于导管中时呈径向压缩构型,且在不受约束时呈径向扩展构型;
跨越所述网的内部的近端部分的近端支撑臂,跨越所述网的内部的远端部分的远端支撑臂;所述近端支撑臂和所述远端支撑臂在所述网的内部形成环部分,其中环在网部分的内部以相对于细长推进器的轴线的非垂直角度扩展;和
固定到环部分的膜,当网部分呈现其径向扩展构型时,膜呈现径向扩展构型,从而限制血液通过网部分。
16.根据权利要求15的血管塞,其中近端支撑臂和远端支撑臂在网部分的中心附近径向地向外弯曲以限定环部分。
17.一种用于治疗患者的血管塞,包括:
细长推进器;
固定至细长推进器的远端的网部分,所述网部分在被约束于导管中时呈径向压缩构型,且在不受约束时呈径向扩展构型;
跨越所述网的内部的近端部分的近端支撑臂,跨越所述网的内部的远端部分的远端支撑臂;所述近端支撑臂和所述远端支撑臂在所述网的内部形成环部分;以及
固定到环部分的膜,当网部分呈现其径向扩展构型时,膜呈现相对于细长推进器的轴线以非垂直角度的径向扩展构型,从而限制血液通过网部分。
18.根据权利要求17的血管塞,还包括两个近端支撑臂和两个远端支撑臂。
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