CN109640809B - 使用p波到起搏定时的集成式多装置心脏再同步治疗 - Google Patents
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Abstract
使用无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)和心外装置(ED)向患者提供心脏再同步治疗(CRT)的方法、系统和装置。LCP被配置为以起搏间隔递送起搏治疗。说明性地,ED可以被配置为分析心动周期,其包括在一个或多个心动周期的起搏治疗递送之前的部分,并且确定从P波到一个或多个心动周期中的起搏治疗的间隔是否在期望的范围内。在示例中,如果P波到起搏间隔在期望的范围之外,则ED与LCP通信以调整起搏间隔。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年8月24日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/378,880的权益和优先权,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。
背景技术
心脏再同步治疗(CRT)改变心脏腔室的电激活和收缩以提高泵送效率。益处可以包括增加的锻炼能力和降低的住院率和死亡率。更特别地,CRT装置通过影响一个或多个心脏腔室相对于一个或多个其他心脏腔室的收缩的定时来操作。例如,一个或多个心室的收缩可以相对于心房的收缩定时,或者左心室和右心室的收缩可以相对于彼此定时。
当多个激活信号同时影响相同的心脏组织时,发生“融合(fusion)”搏动。例如,一个心室的起搏与另一个心室的自发激活之间的电融合(例如,起搏的左心室(LV)激活和固有的右心室(RV)激活)产生融合搏动(fusion beat)。在许多情况下,融合搏动的生成是CRT的目标。
现有系统通常包括经由经静脉引线耦合到植入的脉冲发生器的心内电极。这种系统的引线被广泛认为引入各种病状,并且易于导致最终导体和/或绝缘体失效。这样的问题可能减少CRT在所指示的心力衰竭患者群体内的使用。
这种现有的引线系统通常包括心室和心房部件,以便于心房和心室事件的感测,从而增强CRT定时。例如,在一些患者中,CRT可以通过在相对于检测到心房事件的特定时间处起搏左心室来实现。心房信号可以经由自然传导而传导到右心室(RV)以生成RV收缩,其中在相对于RV收缩的期望时间处发生起搏的LV收缩以产生融合搏动。从心房感测事件到LV起搏的间隔可以被调整以增强现有系统的心脏响应。
新一代起搏器包括无引线心脏起搏器(LCP),其可以被整个植入心脏内并且不需要经静脉(或任何)引线。这种装置可有限地商购,但目前指示用于且仅能够用于心动过缓起搏。利用进一步增强,LCP还呈现出使用经静脉引线来提供传统CRT的替代方案的机会。期望旨在使用LCP提供CRT的新的和替代的系统、装置和方法。
发明内容
除了其他以外,本发明人已经认识到要解决的问题是,对于使用一个或多个心室LCP装置的系统而言,心内引线的缺失使得出于CRT目的的心房事件的检测潜在地是困难的。美国临时专利申请序列号62/355,121(其公开内容通过引用并入本文)提出了可以使用心外装置(诸如皮下心脏监视器(SCM)、皮下可植入心脏除颤器(SICD)或者SICD的胸骨下变体)来检测P波并提供供LCP使用的定时信息的特定方法。然而,在一些患者中,P波可能难以检测或者如由SCM或SICD在远场感测到那样高度地可变,使得对P波检测的依赖可能是困难的。
作为依赖于心房事件检测的替代方案,本发明涉及不同的方法。LCP被配置为使用起搏到起搏间隔(Pace to Pace interval)来提供起搏治疗。第二装置分析起搏治疗递送周围的心脏信号并确定P波到起搏间隔(P-wave to Pace interval)。第二装置可以与LCP通信以修改起搏到起搏间隔的定时以实现有益的CRT治疗。
第一非限制性示例采用向患者提供心脏起搏治疗的方法的形式,包括:使用起搏到起搏间隔递送起搏脉冲,其中起搏脉冲由第一装置递送;在第二装置中监视心脏活动;并且调整起搏到起搏间隔。
此外或可替选地,第二非限制性示例采用如第一非限制性示例中的方法的形式,其中在第二装置中监视心脏活动的步骤包括:识别相对于起搏脉冲中的至少一个起搏脉冲的P波,并且该方法还包括:至少使用由第二装置监视到的心脏信号来计算P波到起搏间隔;确定P波到起搏间隔是否在预定范围内,并且:如果P波到起搏间隔高于预定范围,则与第一装置通信以缩短起搏到起搏间隔;而如果P波到起搏间隔低于预定范围,则与第一装置通信以延长到起搏到起搏间隔。
此外或可替选地,第三非限制性示例采用如第二非限制性示例中的方法的形式,其中由第二装置执行P波到起搏间隔的分析:通过第一装置检测起搏脉冲递送;并且针对P波搜索检测到的起搏脉冲递送之前的预定的窗口。
此外或可替选地,第四非限制性示例采用如第二非限制性示例中的方法的形式,其中由第二装置执行P波到起搏间隔的分析:从第一装置接收指示起搏脉冲递送时间的通信;并且针对P波搜索所通信的起搏脉冲递送时间之前预定窗口。
此外或可替选地,第五非限制性示例采用如第二非限制性示例中的方法的形式,其中由第二装置执行P波到起搏间隔的分析:检测心脏信号中的R波;针对P波搜索R波之前的预定窗口并找到P波;并且向第一装置传送找到的P波的时间。
此外或可替选地,第六非限制性示例采用如第二非限制性示例中的方法的形式,其中P波到起搏间隔的分析利用由第二装置捕获的若干心动周期的复合。
此外或可替选地,第七非限制性示例采用如第二非限制性示例中的方法的形式,其中P波到起搏间隔的分析利用针对单个心动周期捕获的电心脏信号。
此外或可替选地,第八非限制性示例采用如第二至第七非限制性示例中任一个中的方法的形式,还包括:通过计算患者的一个固有心动周期或多个固有心动周期的P-R间隔、并且选择该预定范围作为P-R间隔的一部分,来设置预定范围。
此外或可替选地,第九非限制性示例采用如第二至第七非限制性示例中任一个中的方法的形式,还包括通过以下来设置预定范围:以多个P波到起搏间隔递送多个起搏脉冲;确定多个起搏脉冲中的哪一个引起期望的心脏响应;并且选择对应于期望的心脏响应的目标P波到起搏间隔。
此外或可替选地,第十非限制性示例采用如第九非限制性示例中的方法的形式,其中期望的心脏响应是融合搏动。
此外或可替选地,第十一非限制性示例采用如第一至第十非限制性示例中任一个中的方法的形式,其中第一装置是植入患者心脏的左心室中或上的无引线心脏起搏器,并且第二装置是皮下可植入除颤器。
此外或可替选地,第十二非限制性示例采用如第一至第十非限制性示例中任一个中的方法的形式,其中第一装置是植入患者心脏的左心室中或上的无引线心脏起搏器,并且第二装置是胸骨下可植入除颤器。
此外或可替选地,第十三非限制性示例采用如第一至第十非限制性示例中任一个中的方法的形式,其中第一装置是植入患者心脏的左心室中或上的无引线心脏起搏器,并且第二装置是皮下可植入心脏监视器。
此外或可替选地,第十四非限制性示例采用如第一至第十三非限制性示例中任一个中的方法的形式,其中执行起搏脉冲递送以实现心脏再同步治疗功能。
此外或可替选地,第十五非限制性示例采用如第一至第十三非限制性示例中任一个中的方法的形式,其中执行起搏脉冲递送以实现融合搏动。
第十六非限制性示例采用可植入医疗装置(IMD)的形式,其被配置为用作包括无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)和IMD的心脏治疗系统的一部分,该IMD包括:多个电极,用于感测心脏活动;和操作电路,其被配置为从多个电极接收感测到的心脏信号并如下分析心脏活动:确定何时由LCP递送起搏治疗;分析来自多个电极的感测到的心脏信号的区段(包括来自LCP的起搏治疗递送之前的时间段)并计算P波到起搏间隔;确定P波到起搏间隔是否在期望的范围内,并且如果P波到起搏间隔不在期望的范围内,则修改确定了LCP起搏治疗的定时的起搏到起搏间隔。
此外或可替选地,第十七非限制性示例采用如第十六非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路还被配置为通过以下来设置期望的范围:感测一个或多个固有心动周期;计算患者心脏心律的P-R间隔;并且选择期望的范围作为P-R间隔的一部分。
此外或可替选地,第十八非限制性示例采用如第十六非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路还被配置为通过以下来设置期望的范围:感测由LCP以不同的P波到起搏间隔起搏的多个心动周期;确定多个心动周期中的哪一个已被以引起期望的心脏响应的方式起搏;并且使用对应于期望的心脏响应的P波到起搏间隔来选择期望的范围。
此外或可替选地,第十九非限制性示例采用如第十八非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中期望的响应是融合搏动。
此外或可替选地,第二十非限制性示例采用如第十六非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路被配置为通过使用多个电极感测起搏治疗的递送来确定何时由LCP递送起搏治疗。
此外或可替选地,第二十一非限制性示例采用如第十六非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路被配置为通过接收来自LCP的指示起搏治疗已被递送的通信来确定何时由LCP递送起搏治疗。
此外或可替选地,第二十二非限制性示例采用如第二十一非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路还被配置为:在确定递送了起搏治疗之后存储感测到的心脏信号的一部分以供回顾性查阅;并且使用所存储的部分来回顾性地分析感测到的心脏信号的区段。
此外或可替选地,第二十三非限制性示例采用如第十六非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中P波到脉冲间隔的期望的范围被设置为使得起搏治疗将引起融合搏动。
此外或可替选地,第二十四非限制性示例采用如第十六非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路被配置为传送对起搏到起搏间隔的调整以修改LCP的治疗参数。
此外或可替选地,第二十五非限制性示例采用包括治疗递送电路的皮下可植入除颤器的形式,该治疗递送电路被配置用于以采用如第十六至第二十四非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD的形式将除颤刺激递送给患者。
此外或可替选地,第二十六非限制性示例采用皮下可植入监视装置的形式,该皮下可植入监视装置进一步采用如第十六至第二十四非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD的形式。
第二十七非限制性示例采用被配置为与心外装置(ED)协同操作的可植入无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的形式,包括:多个电极,用于递送起搏治疗;通信电路,其被配置为与ED发送和接收消息;操作电路,其被配置为:使用相对于先前递送的起搏脉冲的起搏到起搏间隔来递送起搏脉冲;接收来自ED的指示相对于起搏的心脏事件发生了P波的时间的消息;计算针对起搏的心脏事件的P波到起搏间隔;分析相对于期望的范围的P波到起搏间隔;并且:如果P波到起搏间隔长于限定范围的第一阈值,则缩短起搏到起搏间隔;或者如果P波到起搏间隔短于限定范围的第二阈值,则延长起搏到起搏间隔。
此外或可替选地,第二十八非限制性示例采用如第二十七非限制性示例中的LCP的形式,其中P波到脉冲间隔的期望的范围被设置为使得起搏治疗将引起融合搏动。
第二十九非限制性实例采用可植入医疗装置系统的形式,包括:可植入无引线心脏起搏器(LCP),其被配置为与心外装置(ED)协同操作,包括:多个电极,用于递送起搏治疗;通信电路,其被配置为与ED发送和接收消息;和操作电路,用于控制经由电极的起搏治疗递送并管理通信电路;ED,其包括用于感测心脏活动的多个电极和用于与LCP通信的通信电路;其中,所述系统被配置为:根据起搏到起搏间隔利用LCP递送起搏治疗;使用ED和LCP中的一个或两个来计算与来自LCP的递送的起搏治疗相关联的P波到起搏间隔;并且利用彼此协作的ED和LCP,如下调整起搏到起搏间隔:如果P波到起搏间隔长于阈值,则缩短起搏到起搏间隔;或者如果P波到起搏间隔短于阈值,则延长起搏到起搏间隔。
第三十非限制性示例采用如第二十九非限制性示例中的系统的形式,其中该系统被配置为使得通过ED检测起搏脉冲和在该起搏脉冲之前的P波来计算P波到起搏间隔,并且调整起搏到起搏间隔的步骤由LCP响应于来自ED的请求或命令而执行。
第三十一非限制性示例采用如第二十九非限制性示例中的系统的形式,其中系统被配置为使得P波到起搏间隔通过以下来计算:LCP将起搏脉冲的定时传送到ED并且ED确定发生起搏脉冲之前的P波的时间;并且调节起搏到起搏间隔的步骤通过LCP响应来自ED的请求或命令来执行。
第三十二非限制性示例采用如第二十九非限制性示例中的系统的形式,其中系统被配置为使得P波到起搏间隔通过以下来计算:ED检测P波并将该P波的定时传送给LCP,并且LCP确定何时相对于由LCP递送的起搏脉冲发生P波。
该概述旨在提供对本专利申请的主题的介绍。其不旨在提供对本发明的排他性或穷举性解释。详细描述被包括以提供关于本专利申请的进一步信息。
附图说明
在不一定按比例绘制的附图中,相似的附图标记可以描述不同视图中的类似部件。具有不同字母后缀的相似附图标记可以表示类似部件的不同实例。附图通过示例而非通过限制示出了本文档中所讨论的各种实施例。
图1示出了具有多个可植入医疗装置的患者;
图2显示了说明性可植入医疗装置;
图3显示了说明性可植入无引线心脏起搏器;
图4显示了系统的整体使用方法;
图5示出了用于感测配置的所选因子;
图6示出了计算固有心脏搏动的P-R间隔的方法;
图7显示了多装置CRT系统的说明性操作方法;
图8示出了相对于心脏信号的操作方法;
图9示出了计算P波到起搏间隔的方法;
图10示出了相对于心脏信号的起搏到起搏间隔的分析和修改;
图11示出了计算P波到起搏间隔的另一方法;
图12示出了相对于心脏信号的起搏到起搏间隔的分析和修改;
图13-14显示了说明性例外情况;以及
图15-18显示了说明性方法和/或装置。
具体实施方式
以下描述应参考附图来阅读。本描述和不一定按比例的附图描绘说明性实施例而不旨在限制本公开的范围。
图1示出了具有出于说明目的被显示为植入在心脏12内部左心室中的无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)14的第一植入医疗装置的患者10。LCP 14可以被植入在其他腔室中,诸如右心室或心房中,并且可以提供不止一个LCP。
还存在呈具有左腋窝罐16和引线18的皮下可植入除颤器(SICD)形式的第二医疗装置。说明性引线18被显示为具有除颤线圈22和位于该线圈22的远端和近端的感测电极24、26。如果需要,引线18可以可选地包括分叉28,以设置另外一组感测或刺激提供电极。
在一些实施例中,引线可以如例如题为“ELECTRODE SPACING IN A SUBCUTANEOUSIMPLANTABLE CARDIAC STIMULUS DEVICE”的美国专利9,079,035中所示,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。除了分叉之外,还可以提供多个引线,如例如题为“SUBCUTANEOUSCARDIAC STIMULATOR DEVICE HAVING AN ANTERIORLY POSITIONED ELECTRODE”的美国专利7,149,575中所示。可以使用针对单个、多个或分叉的可植入引线的任何合适的设计。
引线18可以被整个皮下地植入,诸如通过跨胸部的前部或后部延伸,或者在侧向/中间方向上部分地跨胸部延伸并且然后沿着胸骨向上朝向头部。皮下引线植入的一些示例和讨论可以在题为“APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SUBCUTANEOUS ELECTRODE INSERTION”的美国专利号8,157,813和题为“SUBCUTANEOUS LEADS AND METHODS OF IMPLANT ANDEXPLANT”的美国PG公开号20120029335中找到,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。另外的皮下放置在题为“SUBCUTANEOUS ONLY IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR ANDOPTIONAL PACER”的美国专利6,721,597和上述美国专利7,149,575中进行了讨论,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。
胸骨下放置可以被替代地使用,其中引线的一个手指18/20或整个远端(即,远离罐16的端部)进入胸骨下方。这种放置的一些示例在题为“SUBSTERNAL PLACEMENT OF APACING OR DEFIBRILLATING ELECTRODE”的美国PG专利公开号2017/0021159中进行了描述,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。仍另一替代放置被示出在题为“IMPLANTATION OFAN ACTIVE MEDICAL DEVICE USING THE INTERNAL THORACIC VASCULATURE”的美国临时专利申请号62/371,343中,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。
在一些示例中,装置14和16可以使用传导式通信而彼此通信和/或与外部编程器30通信。传导式通信是经由电信号的通信,所述电信号经由患者组织传播并且由或多或少的普通电极生成。通过使用可植入装置的现有电极,传导式通信不依赖于天线和振荡器/谐振电路,其具有调谐的中心频率或发射器和接收器共用的频率。可以替代地使用RF或感应式通信。可替选地,装置14和16可以经由感应、光学、声波或RF通信或任何其他合适的介质进行通信。
编程器30可以可选地使用棒(未示出)和/或皮肤电极32和34来促进通信。例如,皮肤电极32和34可被用于与可植入装置进行传导式通信。对于诸如RF或感应式通信的其他通信方法,编程器30可以使用编程棒或者可以具有与编程器30壳体一体的天线以用于通信。虽然没有详细显示,但是编程器30可以包括任何合适的用户界面,其包括屏幕、按钮、键盘、触摸屏、扬声器以及本领域公知的各种其他特征。
皮下可植入除颤器可以包括例如Boston Scientific Corporation提供的EmblemS-ICD SystemTM。皮下除颤器和LCP装置的组合在例如US PG专利公开号20160059025、20160059024、20160059022、20160059007、20160038742、20150297902、20150196769、20150196758、20150196757和20150196756中进行了讨论,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。例如,皮下除颤器和LCP可以交换与心脏功能或装置状态有关的数据,并且可以作为系统一起操作以确保适当地确定心脏状况(诸如是否发生室性心动过速),以及诸如通过让LCP递送抗心动过速起搏以试图在皮下除颤器递送除颤电击之前转换某些心律失常来协调治疗。
在一些示例中,除了图1中显示的诸如SICD的治疗装置之外,第二可植入医疗装置可以采用诸如皮下心脏监视器(SCM)的可植入监视装置的形式。SCM可以是例如环路监视器,其在选择条件下使用其壳体上和/或利用引线附接到其上的两个或更多个感测电极来捕获数据。已经发现这种监视器用于帮助诊断可能不频繁或间歇性或具有非特异性症状的心脏状况。在本发明的上下文中,可以使用SCM或甚至可穿戴心脏监视器来代替SICD,如以下示例中任一个中所述。
若干示例集中在使用左心室LCP 14。然而,一些示例可以替代地使用右心室LCP40,并且其他示例可以包括左心室LCP 14和右心室LCP 40两者。在其他示例中,三植入系统可包括两个LCP装置14、40以及诸如SICD 16的皮下装置。在仍其他示例中,还可以包括心房放置的LCP(未示出)或者心房放置的LCP可以代替心室LCP装置14、40中的一个。
图2示出了可植入医疗装置的框图。该图示指示装置50内的各种功能块,包括处理块52、存储器54、电源56、输入/输出电路58、治疗电路60和通信电路62。这些功能块构成了装置的操作电路。I/O电路58可以被耦合到装置50的壳体上的一个或多个电极64、66,并且还可以耦合到头部68以用于附接到具有附加电极72的一个或多个引线70。
处理块52通常将控制装置50中的操作,并且可以包括微处理器或微控制器和/或适合于其目的的其他电路和逻辑。可以包括状态机。处理块52可以包括用于装置功能的专用电路或逻辑,所述装置功能诸如将模拟信号转换为数字数据、处理数字信号、检测生物信号中的事件等。存储块可以包括RAM、ROM、闪存和/或其他存储电路以用于存储装置参数、编程代码以及与装置50的使用、状态和历史有关的数据。电源56通常包括一个到几个电池,其取决于装置50而可以是可再充电的或可以不是可再充电的。对于可再充电系统,还将额外存在用于电池的充电电路(未示出)。
I/O电路58可以包括各种开关或多路复用器,以用于选择供使用的输入和输出。I/O电路58还可以包括用于预处理输入信号的滤波电路和放大器。在一些应用中,I/O电路将包括H桥以便于高功率输出,但是也可以使用其他电路设计。治疗块60可以包括用于提供电输出的电容器和充电电路、调制器和频率发生器。监视装置可以省略治疗块60并且可以具有简化的I/O电路,其只用于捕获电信号或其他信号(诸如化学信号或运动信号)。
通信电路62可以被耦合到用于无线电通信的天线74(诸如Medradio、ISM或其他RF),或者可替选地被耦合到用于感应式通信的线圈,和/或可以经由I/O电路58而耦合到用于传导式通信的电极64、66、72的组合。通信电路62可以包括频率发生器/振荡器和混频器,以用于产生经由天线74发送的输出信号。例如,一些装置50可以包括用于通信电路62的单独的或甚至现成的ASIC。对于使用感应式通信输出的装置,可以包括感应线圈。装置可以使用光学或声学通信,并且也可以包括用于这些通信模式以及或代替以上讨论的那些通信模式的合适的电路、换能器、发生器和接收器。
如本领域技术人员将理解的,可以提供除图2中所示的那些电路之外的附加电路。例如,一些装置50可以包括簧片开关、霍尔效应装置或其他磁反应元件,以便于用户对装置的磁体唤醒、重置或治疗抑制、或者启用MRI保护模式。缺少引线的装置可以具有在其壳体上的多个电极,如64、66所指示的,但是可以省略用于耦合到引线70的头部68。在一个示例中,无引线装置可以使用头部来耦合到电极支撑特征件(feature),该电极支撑特征件附接到或缠绕装置壳体。
图3显示了说明性LCP设计。LCP 100被示出为包括若干功能块,其包括通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104、电感测模块106和机械感测模块108。处理模块110可以从其他模块102、104、106、108接收数据并生成用于其他模块102、104、106、108的输出的命令。能量存储模块被突显在112处,并且可以采用可再充电或不可再充电电池或超级电容器或任何其他合适元件的形式。在题为“SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR RATE RESPONSIVE PACING WITH ALEADLESS CARDIAC PACEMAKER”的20150360036、题为“MULTI-CHAMBER LEADLESSPACEMAKER SYSTEM WITH INTER-DEVICE COMMUNICATION”的20150224320、题为“REFRACTORY AND BLANKING INTERVALS IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTI-SITE LEFTVENTRICULAR PACING”的20160089539和题为“MEDICAL DEVICE WITH TRIGGERED BLANKINGPERIOD”的20160059025美国PG专利公开以及其他专利出版物中进一步讨论了可以包括微处理器或状态机架构的内部电路的各种细节。说明性架构也可以类似于MicraTM(Medtronic)或NanostimTM(St.Jude Medical)无引线起搏器中找到的那些架构。
该装置被示出为具有114处的第一端部电极和116处的第二端部电极。许多尖齿118可以在若干方向上从属装置延伸。尖齿118可被用于将装置在心脏腔室内固定就位。另一附接结构被示出在120处,并且如果需要可以采用螺旋杆的形式。在一些示例中,尖齿118用作唯一的附接特征件。组织附着和取出特征可以被包括在LCP中,其包括在题为“LEADLESS CARDIAC PACEMAKER AND RETRIEVAL DEVICE”的20150051610和题为“SYSTEMAND METHODS FOR CHRONIC FIXATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES”的20150025612的美国PG专利公开中所示的那些特征件,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。固定和取出结构可以替代地类似于MicraTM(Medtronic)或NanostimTM(St.Jude Medical)无引线起搏器中的那些结构。
图4显示了系统的整体使用方法。在这种情况下,方法200可选地返回到植入前筛选(pre-implant screening),如210处所指示的。例如,SICD的植入可以在针对心脏信号幅度和/或信噪比的植入前筛选、和/或确定患者的日常心律是否将使用SICD被良好管理之后发生。在题为“PATIENT SCREENING TOOLS FOR IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC STIMULUS SYSTEMS”的美国专利8,079,959和/或题为“AUTOMATED SCREENING METHODS AND APPARATUSES FORIMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES”的美国专利申请序列号15/001,976中讨论了一些示例筛选工具、度量和方法,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。
如美国临时专利申请62/355,121(其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文)中所述,植入前筛选还可以通过评估P波的存在或不存在来确定患者是否适于具有用于CRT的组合的LCP/SICD或LCP/SCM系统。P波有关的筛选对于本发明可以是可选的,这是因为,各种示例依赖于QRS复合波(或其他心脏信号)的SICD或SCM分析(而不是P波的出现或定时)来确认融合以增强或控制CRT,从而获得期望的融合。
然后在212处植入一个或多个系统。植入可以包括将LCP放置在心脏上或心脏中,以及将SCM或SICD放置在患者的其他地方(诸如肋骨和皮肤之间)。对于LCP、SCM和SICD装置中的每一个,该系统可以进行如本领域中已知的术中测试,以确保足够的感测配置和/或治疗能力。
接下来,系统在220处进行初始化。初始化可以包括例如各种感测和其他参数的设置。初始化的示例可以包括对感测矢量或感测矢量的组合的选择,诸如在题为“SYSTEMSAND METHODS FOR SENSING VECTOR SELECTION IN AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICEUSING A POLYNOMIAL APPROACH”的美国专利7,783,340和题为“SENSING VECTORSELECTION IN A CARDIAC STIMULUS DEVICE WITH POSTURAL ASSESSMENT”的美国专利8,483,843中那些,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。围绕使用多个矢量感测的相关概念也被公开在US PG专利公开号2017/0112399、2017/0113040、2017/0113050和2017/0113053中,其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文。在题为“AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION ANDSELECTION OF FILTERING IN A CARDIAC RHYTHM MANAGEMENT DEVICE”的美国PG专利公开号2017/0156617(其公开内容通过引用而被并入本文)中讨论的方法也可以被用于设置滤波特性。
因此,初始化可以包括用于选择感测矢量的方法,如下面的图5所示。LCP的初始化还可以包括对用于治疗的参数的设置,包括例如选择起搏形状、脉冲宽度和/或幅度。如果系统中包括多个LCP,则也可以设置多个LCP中的起搏递送之间的相对定时以及其他合适的特征。初始化还可以包括识别患者的P-R间隔,其可以如下面相对于图6所讨论的那样完成和使用。
一旦初始化220完成,就可以发生正常操作,如222处所指示的。这种操作可以包括CRT递送,其中第一装置使用起搏到起搏间隔递送起搏脉冲,并且第二装置监视心脏电信号以确定P波到起搏间隔并确定P波到起搏间隔是否在期望的范围内;如果P波到起搏间隔在期望的范围之外,则发生从第二装置到第一装置的通信以调整起搏到起搏间隔。
在说明性实施例中,通过在起搏脉冲递送之前的时间段的分析(例如,在起搏脉冲被递送之前的从350毫秒到50毫秒的时段可以被分析)和/或R波峰值之前的时间段的分析(例如,在R波峰值之前的从400毫秒到大约75毫秒的时段可以被分析),来分别计算或测量P波到起搏间隔。通过“回顾性(retrospective)”,旨在的含义是给定的心动周期的起搏脉冲不参考该心动周期的P波而发生;回顾性分析利用在心动周期内感测到的或使用已知定时数据重叠在其上的起搏脉冲来分析该心动周期,并分析P波到起搏脉冲间隔以确定是否做出影响后续心动周期的调整。各种示例如下所示。
根据需要,可以在224处理例外情况。下面的图13-14显示了某些例外情况及其处理。例外情况224可以允许一旦被处理就返回到正常操作222,或者在某些情况下可能需要重新初始化220,或者治疗的其他过程或终止。
图5示出了用于感测配置的所选因子。如250处所示,可以在系统初始化的这一部分期间执行感测矢量配置。可以使用相关心脏信号和信号特征的幅度,如252处所示。还可以考虑信噪比254。使用特定感测配置(矢量、滤波、增益等)捕获的心脏信号的一致性256或其缺乏也可以被观察并使用。例如,如果心脏信号在从一个心脏复合波到下一个心脏复合波的给定感测矢量中显著变化,则该特定感测矢量由于缺乏一致性而可以被拒绝。
所选因子252、254、256可被用于沿一个或多个心脏感测矢量分析多个感测到的信号。例如,如图1所示,SICD或SCM 16可以包括电活性罐和引线18,引线18具有多个电极22、24、26、28和其他显示但未编号的电极。每对电极可以限定感测矢量,其中可用的不同感测矢量在给定它们的相对于心脏和彼此的位置的情况下具有不同的特性。也可以组合信号矢量以产生进一步可用的感测矢量。
多个感测矢量可以提供不同的外观心脏信号,如图5中的260、262、264、266所示。一些具有较大的峰值幅度,并且一些具有可能表示噪声信号的相对峰值的信号。幅度252可以包括例如在270(R波峰值)、272(T波峰值)和/或274(P波峰值)处示出的幅度。可以通过将270处的峰值与272和/或274处的峰值进行比较来评估信噪比,其中较低的比率潜在地使得难以区分和准确地检测R波而不是P波或T波。可替选地,可以通过使用统计度量和所识别的特征(例如,R波比均方根电压)来计算信噪比。
可以通过例如将280处的QRS复合波与随后的QRS复合波282进行比较来观察给定矢量的一致性。更一致的QRS复合波可以有助于可靠和可重复的心脏信号检测。在所示的示例中,如圆圈所示,基于在280处的QRS匹配在282处的QRS,同时在绝对值方面以及在与T波272和/或P波274相比时均有大幅度270,260处的信号相比其他信号262、264、266而可以是优选的或所选择的感测矢量。这些和/或其他因子可被用于确定感测配置。
图6示出了计算固有心脏搏动的P-R间隔的方法。在该示例中,一起感测和分析多个心动周期的多个电信号;因此,该图显示了单独的迹线300、302,并且较重的线304表示各个迹线的复合。该复合可以是例如各个迹线的逐点平均值或中值或其经平滑的版本。
为了分析P-R间隔,如310处所指示的,R波可以被用作用于对准信号的基准。接下来,评估复合信号以识别复合上的P波的峰值,如320处所指示的。点320可以是所有信号的平均的峰值,或者可以以某种其他方式选择,诸如通过选择最高中值信号的点。在替代方案中,识别最可能与P波峰值相关联的每个信号300、302的转折点,并且相对于R波峰值出现转折点所处的平均时间被选择作为点320。
图6中用于识别“固有”P-R间隔的步骤是可选的。一些示例可以使用如图6中确定的固有P-R间隔来选择期望的P波到起搏间隔。例如,P波到起搏间隔可以被计算为P-R间隔的一部分,例如其30%至70%,或更多或更少。对于个体患者而言,由于患者特异性生理学,期望的部分可以是不同的。图6的方法可以在植入时被执行一次、在临床随访时被选择性地执行、或者在非固定操作期间被较频繁地执行,诸如当患者被确定为是不活跃时一天一次,其中按需要调整期望的P波到起搏间隔。
在其他示例中,可以不依赖P-R间隔来确定期望的P波到起搏间隔。例如,简单地使用通过例如以各种P波到起搏间隔来递送起搏脉冲直到观察到融合为止的反馈进行测试可以允许设置针对给定患者的期望的P波到起搏间隔。在其他示例中,可以至少在初始地使用设定值或公式做出关于期望的P波到起搏间隔的假设,并且可以根据患者对治疗的反应是否良好来做出调整。例如,P波到起搏间隔可以是固定的持续时间(诸如120毫秒)或在大约100毫秒到150毫秒范围内的持续时间,或者某个其他值。P波到起搏间隔也可以采用固定的持续时间(诸如120毫秒)加上或减去用于考虑到患者固有心率的一些因子的形式。在一些示例中,可以允许医师基于医师对患者的了解来选择期望的P波到起搏间隔。
图7显示了多装置CRT系统的说明性操作方法350。在框352处,系统开始起搏。在一个示例中,可以被植入在左心室中或上的LCP开始递送如以下图8中所示的起搏治疗。接下来,系统找到P波到起搏间隔,如354处所示。例如,P波到起搏间隔可以由诸如SICD或SCM的心外装置分析其感测到的信号(可以包含起搏信号和P波两者)或者通过将来自感测到的信号的数据与从LCP获得的数据(诸如由LCP递送的起搏的定时数据)进行组合来找到。LCP可以代替地通过从心外装置接收数据来确定P波到起搏间隔,该外部装置告知LCP何时感测到P波。
接下来,使用来自框354的P波到起搏间隔,系统确定是否调整LCP所使用的起搏到起搏间隔,以便维持目标P波到起搏间隔。例如,心外装置可以计算P波到起搏间隔并与目标进行比较,然后与LCP通信。在框356中向LCP的这种通信可以采用向LCP的建议的、请求的或命令的调整的形式。可替选地,心外装置可以计算间隔并将间隔传送给LCP,如果可穿戴装置与LCP结合使用(其中LCP可以存储可穿戴装置可能无法访问的医师生成的或患者获得的数据或设置),这可以是有用的。
在一些示例中,LCP可以接收命令,从而以由心外装置计算的给定间隔来递送起搏。例如,心外装置可以发出以给定起搏到起搏间隔来递送起搏的命令,其中心外装置还执行用于确定如本文所讨论的所得到的P波到起搏间隔。然后,考虑到对P波到起搏间隔的校正,心外装置可以调整其起搏到起搏间隔。对于这样的示例,LCP可以不跟踪其自己的起搏到起搏间隔,而代替地作为心外主装置的从属装置来操作。因此,框356将包括修改保存的参数的心外装置,而起搏框352将由心外装置在预定间隔期满时发出通信来触发。
在一些示例中,可以使用如以上图6中所示的测量到的P-R间隔来计算作为固有P-R间隔的百分比的“理想的”或目标P波到起搏间隔。可替选地,可以使用基于固有R-R间隔的公式来计算理论固有P-R间隔,其中所述固有R-R间隔通过简单地将起搏关闭几个搏动(例如,4或20个搏动,或者更多或更少)以允许观察固有心律(即对于非起搏器依赖患者而言)来确定。在其他示例中,可以通过观察患者的实际心脏收缩来确定目标P波到起搏间隔,诸如使用例如血压信号或者通过对利用各种P波到起搏间隔实现的融合程度的分析而确定的。例如,测试阶段可以在尝试使用一系列更长和更短的P波到起搏间隔进行起搏时观察心输出量。在另一示例中,当P波到起搏间隔被操纵时可以分析心脏电信号,以便确定是否可以观察到融合搏动以及以何种间隔可以观察到融合搏动,而不是固有搏动(指示过长的P波到起搏间隔-也就是说,起搏发生得过晚而无法附随固有信号/搏动到达)或LV起搏的搏动(指示过短的P波到起搏间隔-也就是说,起搏发生得过早而无法附随固有信号/搏动到达)。
可能出现各种例外情况,如358处所指示的并且如360所指示的进行处理。一些例外情况可以包括心律失常诸如室上性心律失常(例如心房纤颤)的识别,其使得P波到起搏间隔的计算或使用有问题,和/或室性心律失常的存在,其潜在地需要代替CRT的不同的治疗干预诸如除颤或抗心动过速起搏。如果P波信号下降到低幅度,或者如果噪声的存在(例如运动伪影或电磁干扰)使得P波检测困难或不可靠,则也可能出现例外情况。通过保留现有的起搏到起搏参数至少直到超时、通过重新考虑如图5所示的矢量选择(通过简单地切换感测矢量配置),P波的丢失可以如图13中所示来处理。另一例外情况是诸如室性期前收缩的室性早搏的潜在性,其可以如图14所示来解决。
例外情况处理360还可以通过将起搏中断或停止一段时间以观察固有心脏信号特性、重新初始化一个或多个特征(诸如感测矢量选择或其他感测配置)或确定固有心脏信号特性(诸如P-R间隔)来响应例外情况358。在一些示例中,系统可以周期性地停止起搏;如果需要,可以通过例外情况和例外情况处理框358、360来处理这样的步骤。
图8示出了相对于心脏信号的操作方法。心脏信号被示出在400处。第一周期被突显在402处,而在404处进行随后迭代。可以根据供第一周期402中使用的第一参数来递送第一起搏脉冲,而随后迭代可以使用第二参数。在图示中,第一周期具有示出在410处的QRS复合波,并且通过LCP或心外装置被检测为心室感测412。
间隔414被定义为第一起搏递送420,其导致象征性示出在422处的治疗递送。为简单起见,起搏脉冲422被示出为单相的。应该理解的是可以使用单相、双相或其他多相起搏中的任一个,并且可以根据恒定的、斜坡的或衰减的、电流控制的或电压控制的波形来提供治疗输出。
起搏脉冲422之后是424处的QRS复合波。在起搏到起搏间隔432期满之后,在430处递送下一个起搏治疗。在说明性示例中,可以动态地修改此间隔432以得到期望的P波到峰值间隔。更特别地,当LCP递送起搏430时,心外装置被配置为在起搏430之前的窗口中捕获心脏信号,以便计算P波到起搏间隔440。通过设置P波到起搏间隔的目标值440,可以(通过LCP或通过心外装置)确定是否要延长或缩短起搏到起搏间隔432。
在一些示例中,心外装置观察P波和起搏430的定时,并计算间隔440。可替选地,心外装置可以观察P波的定时并且从LCP获得数据,该数据指示通过参考例如同步时钟来递送起搏430的时间。间隔本身可以从外部心脏装置被传送到LCP,LCP然后可以计算调整(如果有的话),或者调整(如果有的话)可以由心外装置确定并传送给LCP。在其他示例中,心外装置可以观察P波的定时,并且与LCP通信,其本身已经递送了起搏430的LCP然后可以确定间隔440。在一些示例中,心外装置可以发出命令以递送起搏,其中心外装置还执行用于确定如本文所讨论的作为结果的P波到起搏间隔的步骤,并且然后跟踪并使用起搏命令来管理起搏到起搏间隔。
在一些示例中,可以根据440处的间隔来操纵紧跟着起搏430的起搏到起搏间隔442。在其他示例中,由于系统滞后或设计选择,响应于间隔440而被实际操纵可能是下一个起搏到起搏间隔444。在仍再一些示例中,复合信号可以被用于控制或管理起搏到起搏间隔444,使得在例如使用以下图9-10中所示的方法完成复合信号的分析时周期性地发生更新。可替选地,如图11-12所示,可以逐搏动地进行调整。
在图示中,起搏脉冲422已经引起融合搏动,其中起搏的QRS复合波424具有与410处的固有QRS复合波完全不同的形态特性。如果需要,可以使用融合形态分析来调整P波到起搏间隔440的目标值。例如,如果形态分析显示出与以目标P波到起搏间隔递送的起搏治疗相关联的QRS复合波未能产生期望的特性(诸如融合),则可以延长或缩短目标(如果需要的话)。例如,如果形态显示出类似于固有搏动的搏动,则可以通过更早地递送起搏治疗并且缩短P波到起搏目标间隔来解决这个问题。如果形态显示出类似于LV起搏捕获的搏动的搏动,则可以通过更晚地递送起搏治疗并延长P波到起搏目标间隔来解决这个问题。
除了使用心脏电信号形态之外,诸如患者功能性测量值、心音、血压或其他特征的其他特性也可以被用于确定给定的P波到起搏目标间隔未实现期望的结果并且要做出调整。一些示例可以使用例如产生心动周期信息的采样阻抗信号。这种分析可被用于确定目标P波到起搏间隔是否实现了期望的目标,诸如融合搏动的发生;如果没有,则可以通过延长目标P波到起搏间隔(如果观察到LV起搏形态)或缩短目标P波到起搏间隔(如果观察到固有形态)来调整目标P波到起搏间隔。
图9示出了使用复合信号计算P波到起搏间隔的方法。使用与作为对准基准的每个信号504相关联的起搏治疗而将多个心脏信号500、502组合在一起。结果是复合信号506。然后如右图所示分析复合信号506,其中在510处识别出P波峰值,并且计算从P波峰值到起搏治疗514的间隔514,以供如图10中所示的使用。每个信号中的脉冲定时可以通过心外装置(其可以感测心脏信号和起搏脉冲514两者)的测量来确定、或者通过计算由LCP传送到心外装置的起搏脉冲的定时来确定。在一些示例中,如果LCP正在执行分析,则心外装置可以将定时数据与心脏信号500、502的数据一起传送,以允许LCP将所递送的起搏脉冲时间(LCP将知道)与各个心脏信号500、502对准。
图10示出了相对于心脏信号的起搏到起搏间隔的分析和修改。第一分析和响应被显示在550处。这里,P波到起搏间隔552比目标长。例如,当患者的固有窦性心律开始变化时,先前起搏到起搏间隔就不再如其在固有心律的变化之前那样有效了。因此,例如,起搏在心房事件之后晚到来,这是因为随着窦性心律增大,心房事件在周期中的更早期发生。说明性系统将回顾性地识别P波到起搏间隔的变化,并且作为响应来校正起搏到起搏间隔。
如554处所指示的,该规则确定P波到起搏间隔是否过长-也就是说,例如,比目标长,或者比目标长一个阈值量。如果是这样,则使起搏-起搏间隔更短,这进而将减小间隔552的长度。例如,如果间隔552过长,则这可能使起搏治疗比期望的更接近QRS起始。得到的心动周期可以类似于患者的固有搏动,并且LV(对于LV放置的LCP)可能无法在心动周期的早期进行人工收缩以产生期望的融合和改善的心脏功能。调整可以以固定步长发生,或者可以基于观察到的P波到起搏间隔以更大或更小的递增量来执行,以尝试在一个步骤中的立即校正。
第二分析和响应被显示在570处。这里,P波到起搏间隔572比目标短。如果患者的窦性心律在停止活动(诸如行走)时降低,或者可能地如果患者已经入睡,则可能发生这种情况。因为心房事件在周期的后期发生,所以起搏治疗比期望的更接近P波发生,并且说明性系统被配置为回顾性地识别该变化并对其作出响应。
如574处所指示的,该规则确定P波到起搏间隔是否过短-也就是说,例如,比目标短,或者比目标短一个预先确定的量。如果是这样,则使起搏-起搏间隔更长,这进而将增大间隔572的长度。例如,如果间隔572过短,则这可能使起搏治疗比期望的更远离QRS起始。得到的心动周期可以类似于LV捕获的搏动(对于LV放置的LCP而言),其中LV响应于起搏脉冲过早收缩并且无法产生期望的融合和改善的心脏功能。
因此,图10示出了可以如何通过测量p-起搏间隔然后相应地调整起搏-起搏间隔以“跟随”窦性心律来“回顾性地”跟踪/调整心率(窦性心律)之下的患者的变化。
当使用如图9-10所示的复合信号时,复合信号可以被逐搏动地更新,或者可以以间隔来更新,以用于重新运行P波到起搏间隔的分析的目的。例如,分析可以以四到一百秒或更多或更少的间隔进行。除了固定的时间段之外,分析可以按需要每四到一百个心动周期或更多或更少的周期进行一次。信号波形的数量也可以变化,使用从四到超过一百个心动周期信号的任何地方。可以期望的是通过使用约4至约24个信号范围内的量来避免过度复杂(以及过度计算和功率消耗)——尽管可以按需要使用更多。
在替代示例中,分层方法可以被用于进行更新。例如,只要不需要550、570处的调整,默认模式就可以以第一间隔运行分析;例如,如果需要调整,或者如果在起搏暂停后进行操作,则可以使用第二较短间隔。例如,可以每分钟(作为第一间隔)检查一次P-起搏间隔,并且当进行调整时,可以在重新分析之间使用更短的十秒间隔。在一个实施例中,使用心动周期的量而不是时间的推移。例如,除了起搏的开始或出现调整或例外情况(在其期间可以每四或八个心动周期进行一次分析)时,可以每十六个心动周期进行一次分析。提供这些数值示例是为了说明而不是为了限制本发明。
图11示出了计算P波到起搏间隔的另一方法。图形600示出了贯穿大约一个完整周期的心脏信号602。例如,通过搜索P波窗口(如美国临时专利申请序列号62/355,121中所讨论的)和/或通过对在前T波结束之后的心脏信号施加阈值、或者通过搜素在递送的起搏脉冲606和/或R波或QRS复合波608之前的时间段,而在604处标记P波峰值。
然后可以测量或计算P波到脉冲间隔610。例如,心外装置可以检测心脏信号以及由LCP递送的起搏脉冲两者,并且执行所示的分析。可替选地,心外装置可以通过来自LCP的通信而接收起搏脉冲的定时信息,并将起搏脉冲与心脏信号对准。在仍另一示例中,如果LCP正在执行分析,则心外装置可以将定时数据与心脏信号602的数据一起传送,以允许LCP将递送的起搏脉冲时间(LCP将知道)与信号602对准。
然后可以如图12所示地使用在图11中找到的间隔610,该图12示出了相对于心脏信号对起搏到起搏间隔的分析和修改。该分析类似于图10的分析。如果从P波到起搏的间隔650过长,则可以如652处所指示那样减小起搏到起搏间隔。另一方面,如果从P波到起搏间隔670过短,则可以如672处所指示那样延长起搏到起搏间隔。按需要,短和长的确定可以相对于单个目标值来进行,或者可以相对于目标值周围的阈值或边界来进行。
在解释以上示例中的若干示例的一种方式中,LCP可以以VVI起搏模式操作(VVI模式中的起搏器表示其起搏并感测心室并且被感测到的心室事件抑制)。使用来自心外装置的辅助信息对LCP VVI率进行率调整,其中辅助信息与P波相对于心室起搏的定时有关。如果窦性心律从未改变,则可以容易地实现以固定窦性心律的优化并且VVI率(其由起搏到起搏间隔定义)将保持稳定。然而,因为窦性心律变化,所以需要进行调整以保持期望的P波到起搏间隔实行。如果窦性心律正在改变,则对起搏到起搏间隔的调整可以频繁地发生,并且如果窦性心律稳定,则对起搏到起搏间隔的调整可以不频繁。
图13-14以图形形式显示了说明性例外情况处理方法。图13在700处显示了第一示例。在702处,显示了由心外装置感测到的心脏信号。在704处递送起搏脉冲并且可以如上所示(例如,图9-12)进行分析,以回顾性地评估起搏脉冲704相对于QRS复合波708之前的P波706的定时。如果需要,可以基于P波到起搏间隔的评估来调整一个或多个随后的起搏到起搏间隔(714和/或724)。
然而,在下一个心动周期中,P波已经消退,如710处所示,这说明在起搏脉冲712之前的时间段内没有找到P波。在无法计算或分析P波到起搏间隔的情况下,这就产生例外情况。在所示的示例中,例外情况通过保留最近计算的(和/或调整的)起搏到起搏间隔来处理这种情形。因此,如果使用706到704处的P波到起搏间隔的分析来调整间隔714,则间隔724和734将保留最后计算的起搏-起搏间隔714的值。如果使用706到704处的P波到起搏间隔的分析来调整间隔724(相对于间隔714,根据需要),则间隔734将保留间隔724的值。
在所示的示例中,相对于起搏722,在720处继续不存在P波,并且相对于起搏732,再次在730处继续不存在P波。因此,现有值的保留可以持续若干额外的心动周期。在一些示例中,可以定义最大“进位”向前时间或心动周期的数量。例如,在不存在P波30秒下(或在约5至约120秒或更多或更少的范围内),系统超时并且停止使用P波到起搏间隔的起搏。在另一示例中,如果在没有P波的情况下递送了30个起搏脉冲(或在大约5到大约120个起搏脉冲或者更多或更少的范围内),则系统可以超时并且停止使用P波到起搏间隔作为确定起搏间隔的指导的起搏。
图14说明了另一例外情况处理方法。由心外装置观察到的心脏信号被显示在750处。在754处递送第一起搏脉冲,导致了在QRS复合波756处呈现的融合搏动。P波存在如752处所示,尽管它不需要用于这种例外情况,其可以作为另一例外情况内的例外情况而操作。
在起搏到起搏间隔760期满时,在758处递送另一起搏脉冲。在这里,P波几乎不可辨别;这可能触发图13的例外情况。在QRS复合波762之后,室性早搏以室性期前收缩(PVC)770的形式发生。起搏到起搏间隔774尚未期满,然而,将在772处发生的起搏脉冲以虚线显示,表明它未被递送。例如,LCP可以感测PVC 770并且抑制起搏脉冲772。可替选地,心外装置也可以感测PVC并发出抑制起搏脉冲772的通信呼叫。
因此,响应于PVC 772,起搏脉冲772被抑制。在该例外规则中,系统简单地重启起搏到起搏间隔,并且在间隔776期满时,在778处递送下一个起搏脉冲。因此,在778处的起搏递送以当前实行中的起搏到起搏间隔的两倍的间隔而发生;在此示例中,系统值以其他方式保留。
图15-18显示了说明性方法和/或装置。图15以框形式显示了说明性方法,包括以下步骤:在800处递送一个或多个起搏脉冲;在810处监视心脏信号;在820处计算P波到起搏间隔;在830处将计算的P波到起搏间隔与期望的范围进行比较;以及根据需要,如840处所示调整起搏到起搏间隔,以供当该方法迭代回框810时使用。如805处所指示的,可能发生例外情况,诸如如果无法识别P波、如果PVC发生或者识别到心律失常,如以上图13-14中所示。
在整个方法中,各种步骤可以具有进一步的细节和选项。如802处所指示的,起搏脉冲800的递送可以与由无引线心脏起搏器递送的起搏治疗一起进行。如上所述,LCP可以跟踪起搏到起搏间隔并根据请求、建议或基于心外装置提供的信息来做出调整。在一些示例中,LCP 802可以在框800处递送命令的起搏,其中心外装置管理起搏到起搏间隔并且使用在适当的时间进行起搏的命令来实现期望的起搏到起搏间隔。
可以例如通过皮下心脏监视器(SCM)或皮下可植入除颤器(SICD)来执行心脏信号810的监视,如812处所指示的。监视可以在宽时间段内发生,诸如整个心动周期,或与心动周期无关的时间段,或者可以替代地在搜索窗口内发生,如814处所指示的。如果SCM或SICD已知起搏脉冲定时,诸如起搏脉冲递送之前的40毫秒到400毫秒或更多或更少的窗口,则可以将搜索窗口814定义为例如起搏治疗递送之前的时间段。可替选地,可以相对于检测到的R波来定义搜索窗口814,使用例如检测到的R波之前的大约60毫秒至大约500毫秒范围内的窗口。
P波到起搏间隔820的计算可以由系统内的不同装置中的任何装置以各种协作或独立模式来执行,如822处所指示的。例如,可以通过让LCP将递送起搏脉冲的时间传送给SCM或SICD而使LCP与SCM或SICD协作,其中SCM或SICD计算何时P波相对于起搏脉冲发生并且然后计算该间隔。在另一示例中,可以通过让SCM或SICD将发生P波的时间传送给LCP而使LCP和SCM或SICD协作,其中LCP已经记录了其递送起搏脉冲的时间,使得LCP然后可以计算该间隔。在非协作示例中,SICD或SCM可以感测起搏脉冲的递送和P波两者,并且然后可以在不需要向或来自LCP的通信的情况下计算该间隔。在一些示例中,如824处所指示的,可以使用单个心动周期的数据来计算P波到起搏间隔(参见图11-12);在其他示例中,可以使用复合信号来计算P波到起搏间隔(参见图9-10)。
与范围830的比较可以包括使用设置为P-R间隔的百分比的范围,例如通过使用如图6中的方法(或者替代地使用单个心动周期分析来找到P-R间隔),如832处所指示的。在其他示例中,可以通过使用测试的目标来设置范围,如834处所指示的,通过以各种P-起搏间隔递送起搏脉冲来为产生了期望结果(诸如心脏融合)的给定患者确定间隔。期望的结果可以使用电信号(例如,使用心脏电信号的特征来找到融合搏动而不是固有搏动或LV捕获搏动已经发生)、或者使用其他测量值诸如通过血压、脉搏氧合(pulse oxygenation)、心音、阻抗或患者功能性能力或其他生理响应的分析,来确定。
可以如842处所指示的通过使用对起搏到起搏间隔的逐步改变、或者通过简单地进行校正,来如840处所指示的进行对起搏到起搏间隔的调整。例如,逐步改变可以以大约20毫秒至大约50毫秒的预定步长或者更小或更大步长来增加起搏-起搏间隔。例如,校正可以确定测量值距离P波到起搏间隔范围或目标有多远,并且施加与识别出的差异匹配的校正。
在一些示例中,如果在820处找到的P-起搏间隔范围内(830处),则该过程可以简单地返回到800而不做出调整,当在范围内时省略框840。在其他示例中,即使当P-起搏间隔在期望的范围内,也可以连续地改变起搏-起搏间隔。
图16是说明性装置的框图。装置850可以采用可植入无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的形式,其适于植入在患者的心脏腔室中,诸如在左心室;其他心脏位置(例如,可以替代地使用右心室或心房)。这里显示的装置850具有操作电路的功能块,所述操作电路包括起搏电路860、通信电路870和分析电路880。
起搏电路860可以包括用于控制输出电流或电压流的开始和结束的输出开关,以及用于管理DC或其他电流和偏置的合适的耦合电容器,以及用于管理例如要递送的电流量和/或电压量的控制件。通信电路870可以包括供RF或感应式遥测中使用的收发器电路、一个或多个天线、线圈等。通信电路870还可以包括用于管理传导式通信的控制电路,诸如用于辨别传导式通信的内容以从其生成数字数据的采样和保持或模数转换电路。
分析电路880可以包括用于实施控制电路的微控制器和/或专用集成电路,其可以包括状态机,以用于控制装置850中的操作。分析电路860可以包括模块,诸如专用硬件或机器可实施的指令集以及用于存储各种操作的相关数据或指令的存储器,所述各种操作包括所示的各种项目,诸如管理起搏到起搏间隔882、记录起搏递送的定时884、针对P波到起搏间隔(其可以根据模块或功能890来计算)在期望的范围(该范围可以根据模块或功能888而被存储或管理)之外时的调整计算886。
在示例中,分析电路880被允许在不需要分析电路880的动作的情况下通过让起搏电路860根据可以被访问或用于控制起搏电路860的起搏-起搏间隔882来递送起搏脉冲而进行“休眠”,其中起搏定时功能884记录何时由起搏电路860生成起搏输出。根据需要或请求,分析电路可以使用来自884的起搏定时来与经由通信电路870接收到的P波定时信息进行比较,以识别P波到起搏间隔890。可以通过分析电路将P波到起搏间隔890与期望的范围888进行比较来确定是否需要886处的调整,而分析电路880然后修改用于由起搏电路860实施的起搏-起搏间隔882。可以替代地使用其他架构。
一种替代架构可以省略项目888和890,其中分析电路880进行操作以将与起搏定时884相关的数据经由通信电路870而传送出。如果需要,这种向外通信也可以在没有分析电路880干预的情况下通过让通信电路870响应于起搏治疗被递送时由起搏定时电路884的提示而发出起搏定时通信而发生。在另一示例中,通信电路870可以轮询起搏定时电路884并在起搏定时电路884以起搏治疗输出的时间进行响应时发出通信。然后,通信电路870可以监听来自诸如SICD或SCM的第二装置的响应,其指示计算的P波到起搏间隔(由第二装置确定)超出范围,从而导致分析电路880激活并使用调整参数886来确定新的起搏-起搏间隔882。
在仍再一替代方案中,还可以省略框886,并且来自第二装置的通信可以定义分析电路880实施的新的起搏-起搏间隔882。在仍再一示例中,通信电路870在接收到命令实施新的起搏-起搏间隔的消息时,绕过分析电路880而简单地将该起搏-起搏间隔直接实施到框882,分析电路880可以保持“休眠”直到响应于来自通信电路的唤醒命令而发生唤醒为止、直到识别到例外情况(例如,以上图13-14)为止、或者直到由于其他原因发生唤醒为止。
图17以框图形式显示了另一说明性装置。这里,装置900可以是例如皮下可植入除颤器(SICD)或皮下监视器(SCM)。在替代方案中,装置900可以是可穿戴装置。
装置900包括感测电路910,其可以被耦合到电极(未示出,但参见上面的图1-2)。还包括通信电路920和分析电路930。通信电路920可以包括供RF或感应式遥测中使用的收发器电路、一个或多个天线、线圈等。通信电路920还可以包括用于管理传导式通信的控制电路,诸如用于辨别传导式通信的内容以从其生成数字数据的采样和保持或模数转换电路。
分析电路930可以包括用于实施控制电路的微控制器和/或专用集成电路,其可以包括状态机,以用于控制装置900中的操作。分析电路930可以包括模块,诸如专用硬件或机器可实施的指令集和用于存储用于各种操作的相关数据或指令的存储器,所述各种操作包括所示的各种项目。可以存在被存储在存储器中的专用硬件或指令集以执行心动周期检测932、P波检测934(其可以根据需要使用P波检测窗口)、和/或起搏检测936。分析电路930还可以访问专用硬件或指令集或存储器,其具有对于确定可能需要何种调整938、期望的范围940以及计算P波到起搏间隔942而言有用的参数。
在示例中,感测电路910主要以硬件来执行与周期检测相关的步骤,而不需要分析电路930的干预,尽管这是可选的。P波检测934和起搏检测936也可以是硬件驱动的,以允许分析电路向其报告心动周期的发生(从932)、在心动周期中识别到P波的时间(从934)以及在心动周期中检测到起搏治疗的时间(从936)。P波和起搏的定时信息可以被用于计算P波到起搏间隔,如942处所指示的,然后分析电路可以将其与期望的范围940进行比较并确定在938处进行何种调整(如果有的话)。结果可以是根据需要对起搏器所使用的起搏到起搏间隔的调整(起搏器可以是诸如图16和/或图1和3中所示的LCP),其然后可以通过通信电路920而被传送出。
在替代方案中,省略调整框938,并且分析电路可以传送P-起搏间隔超出期望的范围940的指示,并且优选地对于该替代示例,至少传送超出范围状态的方向和/或超过范围的量。在再一示例中,也省略了范围功能940,并且装置900可以将P波到起搏间隔的测量值传送出。在仍再一示例中,可以省略P-起搏间隔框942和(可选地)起搏检测框936,并且装置仅传送P波的定时,以允许LCP本身进行其余的分析。在又另一示例中,可以省略起搏检测电路936,并且分析电路930或P-起搏间隔块942可以经由通信电路920从起搏器获得起搏定时信息。
在一些示例中,可以在不需要分析电路从低功率或休眠状态“唤醒”的情况下进行一些操作。如所指出的,框932、934和936可以主要由硬件驱动以与感测电路协同操作,从而从心脏信号导出注意信息。在另一示例中,如果通信输出仅是观察到P波的时间,则通信电路920可以响应或轮询P波检测电路本身。在另一示例中,P波检测934和起搏检测936可以是硬件驱动的,使P-起搏间隔942的计算是也可以以硬件驱动的简单计算,其中与范围940的比较在硬件中也是可行的,从而允许通信电路920发出P波到起搏间隔的通信、或者该间隔在范围940内或外的通信,而不需要分析电路930的干预。
图18示出了具有分配给不同部件的各种功能的系统级示例。系统950包括LCP 960和SICD或SCM(“心外装置”或ED)970,其被配置为经由传导式通信或经由诸如感应式、光学、声波或RF通信的一些其他模态而彼此通信952。ED 970也可以是可穿戴的。一些操作可以专用于一个装置或其他装置,或者在若干示例中跨系统共享。
例如,LCP 960将执行起搏递送962,并跟踪起搏到起搏间隔964以控制起搏治疗输出。ED 970可以包括R波检测972,但是这在若干示例中对于起搏控制方法不是必需的。P波检测974将由ED 970执行。在一些示例中,起搏检测976由ED执行,但是在其他示例中,ED970可以将P波定时传送给LCP 960并且省略对P波到起搏间隔的任何分析,或者在仍其他示例中,ED可以经由通信功能952从LCP 960接收起搏定时信息。
某些功能980可以由LCP 960或ED 970执行,或者可以在该两个装置之间共享。例如,用于P波到起搏间隔的期望的范围982的存储可以由装置960、970任一个来管理。然而,在若干示例中,范围982的计算将由ED 970来管理。在一些示例中,ED可以执行范围982的这种管理。
如上所述,P波到起搏间隔984可以由ED 970独立运行或使用来自LCP 960的数据来进行计算,或者可以替代地由LCP 960使用从ED 970传送的数据来进行计算。为控制P波到起搏定时而可以对起搏到起搏间隔964执行的调整986,可以由ED 970独立地或使用从LCP 960传送的数据来计算。对起搏到起搏间隔964的调整986可以替代地由ED 970(利用或不利用来自LCP 960的数据)来必要地确定并且然后由LCP 960(利用或不利用来自ED 970的数据)来计算。在另一示例中,对起搏到起搏间隔964的调整986可以替代地由LCP 960使用从ED 970传送来的数据来计算和确定。如可以容易地理解的,该系统在这些方面相当灵活。
还可以通过例如重新计算期望的P波到起搏时间间隔来对期望的范围进行额外的调整986,如上面的示例中所述。在一个示例中,可以通过以各种间隔进行起搏来执行测试以确定何种P波到起搏定时实现期望的结果(诸如融合)。在另一示例中,可以暂时停止起搏以计算固有的P波到R波间隔,从而允许使用新的期望的P波到起搏间隔范围的P-R间隔的百分比进行计算。
在替代方案中,医师可以使用例如患者编程器和表面EKG电极在临床中设置期望的范围982以确定P波到起搏间隔982的期望的范围,然后将其存储在LCP 960内,使得诸如医师可能从来看不到的可穿戴装置(即现成的可穿戴产品)的ED可以被简单地设置为识别P波并将其定时传送给LCP 960,从而使系统950以可以感测P波974并传送给LCP 960的任何ED 970而可操作。
在一些示例中,LCP可以接收命令来以由心外装置计算的给定间隔递送起搏。例如,心外装置可以发出以给定起搏到起搏间隔来递送起搏的命令,其中心外装置还执行用于确定如本文所讨论的所得到的P波到起搏间隔。因此,不同于图18中所示的情况,框964将由SICD/SCM 970执行。然后,心外装置可以调整其起搏到起搏间隔以考虑到P波到起搏间隔的校正。对于这样的示例,LCP可以不跟踪其自己的起搏到起搏间隔,而代替地作为心外主装置的从属来操作。因此,心外装置970可以执行框964、982、984、986中的每一个,并使用通信952来命令起搏递送962。
以下是一系列说明性和非限制性示例。提供这些示例用于进一步照明,并且应当理解的是,也可以设想使用其他特征组合的其他实施例。
第一说明性非限制性示例采用可植入医疗装置(IMD)的形式,其被配置为用作心脏治疗系统的一部分,该心脏治疗系统包括用于递送起搏治疗的无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)和IMD,所述IMD包括:多个电极,用于感测心脏活动;通信电路,用于与LCP通信;以及操作电路,其被配置为接收来自多个电极的感测到的心脏信号并分析心脏活动,该操作电路包括:起搏定时器件,用于确定何时由LCP递送起搏治疗;P波到起搏器件,用于通过对来自多个电极的感测到的心脏信号的区段(包括在来自LCP的起搏治疗递送之前的时间段)的分析来确定P波到起搏间隔;比较器件,用于确定P波到起搏间隔是在期望的范围内还是需要调整;以及调整器件,用于基于比较器件的确定结果来修改由LCP递送的起搏治疗的参数。
如第一说明性非限制性示例中所述的具有电极的IMD例如被显示在图1中16处具有电极22、24、26,并且再次在图2中以装置50和电极64、66和72显示,并且以上被描述为至少包括与这些元件相关联的文本。通信电路可以包括RF通信、感应式通信或传导式通信,如关联于图2的元件62描述的。IMD的操作电路可以包括例如图2中在52、54、56、58和可选地60处指示的各种电路和存储器以及上面描述的那些。
起搏定时器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行图15中的810处指示的心脏信号监视的专用硬件,其根据需要包括对搜索窗口814的使用、以及图17中930处指示的分析、或图18中976处指示的分析。P波到起搏器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行图7的框354、图15中的820、图17中的框942和/或图18中的框984处指示的分析的专用硬件,并且如相关联文本中所述。比较器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行图15中的830处所指示的分析、图17的由分析电路930使用范围940和P波到起搏间隔942所指示的分析以及图18的期望的范围982相比于P-起搏间隔984的评估的专用硬件,并且如相关联文本中所述。调整器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行图7中的框356、图15中的框830、图17中的框938以及图18中的框986处指示的分析的专用硬件,并且如相关联文本中所述。
第二说明性和非限制性示例采用如第一说明性和非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路还包括初始化器件,其被配置为通过以下来设置期望的范围:感测一个或多个固有心动周期、计算患者心律的P-R间隔、以及选择期望的范围作为P-R间隔的一部分。这样的初始化器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行如图4中的220处指示那样的专用硬件,其可以包括执行如关联于图6所示和所述的分析。
第三说明性和非限制性示例采用如第一说明性和非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中操作电路还包括初始化器件,其被配置为通过以下来设置期望的范围:感测由LCP以不同的P波到起搏间隔起搏的多个心动周期、确定多个心动周期中的哪一个以引起期望的心脏响应的方式已被起搏、以及使用对应于期望的心脏响应的P波到起搏间隔来选择期望的范围。这种初始化器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行如图4中的220处指示那样的专用硬件,其可以包括执行在上面的图6的描述之后讨论的分析。
第四说明性和非限制性示例采用如第一至第三说明性和非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD的形式,其中起搏定时器件被配置为通过使用多个电极感测起搏治疗的递送来确定何时由LCP递送起搏治疗。第五说明性和非限制性示例采用如第一至第三说明性和非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD的形式,其中起搏定时器件被配置为通过从LCP接收指示出起搏治疗已被递送的通信来确定何时由LCP递送起搏治疗。
第六说明性和非限制性示例采用如第一至第五说明性和非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD的形式,其中P波到起搏器件包括用于存储感测到的心脏信号的一部分数据存储器件,以用于在确定递送了起搏治疗之后进行回顾性查阅,并且该P波到起搏器件被配置为使用所存储的部分回顾性地分析感测到的心脏信号的区段。信号的这种存储和在存储的区段内的搜索可以包括关联于图15中的814处指示的搜索窗口描述的器件,并且如相关联文本中所述。
第七说明性和非限制性示例采用如第一至第六说明性和非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD的形式,其中P波到脉冲间隔的期望的范围被设置为使得起搏治疗将引起融合搏动。
第八说明性和非限制性示例采用如第七说明性和非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中IMD包括初始化器件,以用于控制LCP以各种P波到脉冲间隔递送起搏脉冲、分析对以各种P波到脉冲间隔递送的起搏脉冲的诱发的心脏响应、以及将期望的范围设置为包括导致了融合搏动的P波到起搏间隔的范围。这种初始化器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行如图4中的220处指示那样的专用硬件,其可以包括执行在上面的图6的描述之后讨论的分析。
第九说明性和非限制性示例采用第一至第八说明性和非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD的形式,以供在LCP使用起搏到起搏间隔来控制其起搏治疗递送的系统中使用,其中调整器件被配置为使用通信电路来与LCP通信以调整由LCP使用的起搏到起搏间隔。
第十说明性和非限制性示例采用如第一说明性和非限制性示例中的IMD的形式,其中LCP是从属装置,并且IMD包括起搏控制器件以使用通信电路来命令由LCP根据起搏到起搏间隔进行起搏,其中调整器件被配置为调整由起搏控制器件使用的起搏到起搏间隔。
第十一示例性和非限制性示例采用如第一至第十说明性和非限制性示例中任一个中采用的IMD形式的皮下可植入除颤器的形式,并且还包括被配置用于向患者递送除颤刺激的治疗递送电路。
第十二示例性和非限制性示例采用如第一至第十说明性和非限制性示例中任一个中采用的IMD形式的皮下可植入监视装置的形式。
第十三示例性和非限制性示例采用包括如第一至第十示例性和非限制性示例中任一个中的IMD和无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的系统的形式,LCP包括:多个LCP电极,用于递送起搏治疗;LCP通信电路,被配置为与IMD发送和接收消息;LCP起搏电路,用于根据起搏到起搏间隔参数使用LCP电极来递送起搏治疗;以及LCP调整器件,用于响应来自IMD的通信而调整起搏到起搏参数。关联于图3示出并描述了所述的LCP,其包括:电极114、116、118、120;显示为模块102的通信电路;显示为脉冲发生器模块104的起搏电路;以及调整器件,其可以形成关联于处理模块110和/或专用硬件所存储的并且由处理模块110和/或专用硬件可操作的可执行指令,以根据需要来执行如图16中的886和相关联文本处所指示的功能。
第十四说明性和非限制性示例采用被配置为与心外装置(ED)协同操作的可植入无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的形式,LCP包括:多个电极,用于递送起搏治疗;通信电路,其被配置为与ED发送和接收消息;起搏电路,用于根据起搏到起搏间隔参数使用LCP电极来递送起搏治疗;P波到起搏器件,用于从ED接收指示发生了P波的时间的消息并且确定P波和随后起搏治疗递送之间的间隔;比较器件,用于将P波到起搏与期望的范围进行比较;以及调整器件,用于使用比较器件的结果来根据需要通过以下而调整P波到起搏间隔:如果P波到起搏间隔长于限定范围的第一阈值,则缩短起搏到起搏间隔;或者如果P波到起搏间隔短于限定范围的第二阈值,则延长起搏到起搏间隔。
对于第十四示例性和非限制性示例,LCP可以如图1、3和16中所示和描述的那样具有如图7、15和18中所示的功能,如上面关联于第十三说明性和非限制性所详述的。因此,P波到起搏器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行如图6中的354处、图15中的框820处指示的、如图16中的890处指示的和/或图18中的984处指示的分析的专用硬件,并且还如相关联文本中所述。比较器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行如图15中的830处、图16中的888处指示的(使用分析电路880)以及如图18中的982处指示的分析的专用硬件,并且还如相关联文本中所述。调整器件可以包括例如存储在存储器中用于由控制器操作的可执行指令,或者可以包括用于执行图7中的356、图15中的840、图16中的886和/或图18中的986处指示的分析的专用硬件,并且还如相关联文本中所述。
第十五说明性的和非限制性示例采用如第十四说明性和非限制性示例中的系统的形式,其中P波到脉冲间隔的期望的范围被设置为使得起搏治疗将引起融合搏动。
这些非限制性示例中的每一个可以独立存在,或者可以以各种排列组合或与一个或多个其他示例进行组合。
上面的详细描述包括对形成详细描述的一部分的附图的参考。附图通过图示的方式示出了可以实践本发明的具体实施例。这些实施例在本文中还被称为“示例”。这样的示例可以包括除了所示或所描述的那些元件之外的元件。然而,本发明人还考虑了仅提供了所示和所描述的那些元件的示例。此外,就特定示例(或其一个或多个方面)而言,或者就本文所示出或所描述的其他示例(或其一个或多个方面)而言,本发明人还考虑了使用所示或所描述的那些元件(或其一个或多个方面)的任何组合或排列的示例。
在此文档和通过引用而并入的任何文档之间的用法不一致的情况下,以此文档中的用法为准。
在此文档中,独立于任何其他情况或者“至少一个”或“一个或多个”的用法,如在本专利文档中常见的术语“一”或者“一个”被用于包括一个或者多于一个。此外,在下面的权利要求中,术语“第一”、“第二”、以及“第三”等仅用作标签,并不旨在对其对象强加数值要求。
本文所描述的方法示例可以是至少部分地机器实施或计算机实施的。一些示例可以包括编码有可操作指令的计算机可读介质或者机器可读介质,以配置电子设备来执行以上示例中描述的方法。这种方法的实施可以包括诸如微代码、汇编语言代码、高级语言代码等的代码。这种代码可以包括用于执行各种方法的计算机可读指令。代码可以形成计算机程序产品的一部分。此外,在示例中,诸如在执行期间或者在其他时间,代码可以有形地存储在一个或多个易失性或非易失性有形的计算机可读介质上。这些有形计算机可读介质的示例可以包括但不局限于硬盘、可移动磁盘或光盘、磁带盒、存储卡或存储棒、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)等。
以上描述旨在是说明性的,而非限制性的。例如,上述示例(或其一个或多个方面)可以彼此组合使用。诸如本领域普通技术人员在审阅以上描述后可以使用其他实施例。
提供摘要以符合37 C.F.R.§1.72(b),以允许读者快速确定技术公开的本质。在理解其将不用于解释或限制权利要求的范围或含义的情况下提交该摘要。
而且,在以上详细描述中,各种特征可以被分组在一起以简化本公开。这不应当被解释为意指未要求保护的公开的特征对任何权利要求是必不可少的。相反地,发明主题可以在于少于特定所公开实施例的所有特征。因而,以下权利要求在此作为示例或实施例被并入到详细描述中,其中每个权利要求独立地作为单独的实施例,并且考虑的是这样的实施例可以以各种组合或排列而彼此组合。本发明的范围应当参考所附权利要求以及这样权利要求所赋予的等同物的全部范围来确定。
Claims (15)
1.一种可植入医疗装置IMD,其被配置为用作心脏治疗系统的一部分,所述心脏治疗系统包括用于递送起搏治疗的无引线心脏起搏器LCP和所述IMD,所述IMD包括:
多个电极,用于感测心脏活动;
通信电路,用于与所述LCP通信;以及
操作电路,其被配置为接收来自所述多个电极的感测到的心脏信号并分析心脏活动,所述操作电路包括:
起搏定时器件,用于确定何时由所述LCP递送起搏治疗;
P波到起搏器件,用于通过对来自所述多个电极的感测到的心脏信号的区段的分析来确定P波到起搏间隔,所述区段包括在来自所述LCP的起搏治疗递送之前的时间段;
比较器件,用于确定所述P波到起搏间隔是在期望的范围内还是需要调整;以及
调整器件,用于基于所述比较器件的确定结果来调整由所述LCP递送的起搏治疗的参数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的IMD,其中
所述操作电路还包括初始化器件,其被配置为通过以下操作来设置所述期望的范围:感测一个或多个固有心动周期、计算患者心律的P-R间隔、以及将期望的范围选择为所述P-R间隔的一部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的IMD,其中所述操作电路还包括初始化器件,其被配置为通过以下来设置所述期望的范围:感测由所述LCP以不同的P波到起搏间隔进行起搏的多个心动周期、确定所述多个心动周期中的哪一个以引起期望的心脏响应的方式被进行了起搏、以及使用对应于所述期望的心脏响应的P波到起搏间隔来选择期望的范围。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD,其中所述起搏定时器件被配置为通过使用所述多个电极感测起搏治疗的递送来确定何时由所述LCP递送起搏治疗。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD,其中所述起搏定时器件被配置为通过从所述LCP接收指示出起搏治疗已被递送的通信来确定何时由所述LCP递送起搏治疗。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD,其中所述P波到起搏器件包括:数据存储器件,该数据存储器件用于存储所述感测到的心脏信号的一部分,以便在确定递送了起搏治疗之后进行回顾性查阅,并且所述P波到起搏器件被配置为使用所存储的部分回顾性地分析所述感测到的心脏信号的区段。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD,其中P波到脉冲间隔的期望的范围被设置为使得所述起搏治疗将引起融合搏动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的IMD,其中所述IMD包括初始化器件,以用于控制所述LCP以各种P波到脉冲间隔递送起搏脉冲、分析针对以各种P波到脉冲间隔进行递送的起搏脉冲的诱发的心脏响应、以及将所述期望的范围设置为包括导致了融合搏动的P波到起搏间隔的范围。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD,供在所述LCP使用起搏到起搏间隔来递送起搏治疗的系统中使用,其中所述调整器件被配置为使用所述通信电路来与所述LCP通信以调整所述起搏到起搏间隔。
10.根据权利要求1所述的IMD,其中所述LCP是从属装置,并且所述IMD包括起搏控制器件,用于使用所述通信电路来命令由所述LCP根据起搏到起搏间隔进行起搏,其中所述调整器件被配置为调整由所述起搏控制器件使用的起搏到起搏间隔。
11.一种根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD形式的皮下可植入除颤器,并且还包括被配置用于向患者递送除颤刺激的治疗递送电路。
12.一种根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD形式的皮下可植入监视装置。
13.一种包括根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的IMD和无引线心脏起搏器LCP的系统,所述LCP包括:
多个LCP电极,用于递送起搏治疗;
LCP通信电路,被配置为与所述IMD发送和接收消息;
LCP起搏电路,用于根据起搏到起搏间隔参数使用所述LCP电极来递送起搏治疗;以及
LCP调整器件,用于响应于来自所述IMD的通信而调整所述起搏到起搏间隔参数。
14.一种被配置为与心外装置ED协同操作的可植入无引线心脏起搏器LCP,包括:
多个电极,用于递送起搏治疗;
通信电路,其被配置为与所述ED发送和接收消息;
起搏电路,用于根据起搏到起搏间隔参数使用所述LCP电极来递送起搏治疗;
P波到起搏器件,用于从所述ED接收指示发生了P波的时间的消息并且确定所述P波和随后起搏治疗之间的间隔;
比较器件,用于将所述P波到起搏间隔与期望的范围进行比较;以及
调整器件,用于使用所述比较器件的结果来根据需要通过以下而调整所述P波到起搏间隔:
如果所述P波到起搏间隔长于限定所述范围的第一阈值,则缩短所述起搏到起搏间隔;或者
如果所述P波到起搏间隔短于限定所述范围的第二阈值,则延长所述起搏到起搏间隔。
15.根据权利要求14所述的LCP,其中所述P波到脉冲间隔的期望的范围被设置为使得所述起搏治疗将引起融合搏动。
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