CN109637762B - 具有混合的导电填料组成的pptc材料 - Google Patents
具有混合的导电填料组成的pptc材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种聚合物正温度系数(PPTC)装置,其包括PPTC主体,设置在所述PPTC主体的第一侧上的第一电极,和设置在所述PPTC主体的第二侧上的第二电极,其中所述PPTC主体由PPTC材料形成,所述PPTC材料包括最高65体积%的导电填料,其中所述PPTC材料的10体积%‑39体积%是导电陶瓷填料并且其中导电填料的其余部分包括碳和金属填料中的至少一种。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年9月12日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/557,310的权益,其全部内容通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
实施方案涉及电路保护装置领域,包括熔断器装置。
背景技术
在多种应用中,聚合物正温度系数(PPTC)装置可以用作过电流或过温保护装置,以及电流或温度传感器。在过电流或过温保护应用中,PPTC装置可以被认为是可重置熔断器,其被设计为当在预定条件如低电流下运行时展现出低电阻。通过归因于在PPTC装置的环境中的温度升高的直接加热,或经由由通过PPTC装置的电流产生的电阻加热,可以改变PPTC装置的电阻。例如,PPTC装置可以包括由聚合物材料和导电填料形成的复合PPTC材料,其中PPTC材料由于聚合物材料的热诱导变化如熔融转变或玻璃化转变而从低电阻状态转变为高电阻状态。在转变温度,有时被称为“跳闸温度(trip temperature)”,其中跳闸温度可以在室温至大大高于室温的范围内,聚合物材料可能会膨胀并且干扰在PPTC材料中的导电填料粒子的导电网络,使得PPTC材料的导电性大大变低。这种电阻的变化为PPTC材料赋予了类似熔断器的特征,当PPTC材料冷却回到室温时其电阻可以是可逆的。
PPTC材料的成本、重量和性能特性主要受在PPTC材料中的导电填料的类型和数量影响。针对这些和其他因素提供了本公开。
发明内容
提供此概述以介绍下文中在详细描述中进一步描述的简化形式的概念选择。此概述并非意在确定所要求的主题的关键特征或必要特征,也并非意在作为确定所要求的主题的范围的辅助。
根据本公开的示例性实施方案的一种PPTC装置可以包括PPTC主体,设置在所述PPTC主体的第一侧上的第一电极,和设置在所述PPTC主体的第二侧上的第二电极,其中所述PPTC主体由PPTC材料形成,所述PPTC材料包括最高65体积%的导电填料,其中所述PPTC材料的10体积%-39体积%是导电陶瓷填料并且其中所述导电填料的其余部分包括碳和金属填料中的至少一种。
根据本公开的示例性实施方案的另一种PPTC装置可以包括PPTC主体,第一和第二金属箔层,所述第一和第二金属箔层分别设置在所述PPTC主体的相对侧上并且分别从在所述PPTC主体的相对末端的第一和第二金属轨道延伸,其中所述第一金属箔层向所述第二金属轨道延伸但是不接触所述第二金属轨道,并且其中所述第二金属箔层向所述第一金属轨道延伸但是不接触所述第一金属轨道。PPTC装置还可以包括电绝缘的绝缘层,所述绝缘层覆盖所述第一和第二金属箔层,和金属电极,所述金属电极设置在所述绝缘层上,与所述金属轨道电接触。所述PPTC主体可以由PPTC材料形成,所述PPTC材料包括最高65体积%的导电填料,其中所述PPTC材料的10体积%-39体积%是导电陶瓷填料并且其中所述导电填料的其余部分包括碳和金属填料中的至少一种。
根据本公开的示例性实施方案的一种PPTC材料可以包括最高65体积%的导电填料,其中所述PPTC材料的10体积%-39体积%是导电陶瓷填料并且其中所述导电填料的其余部分包括碳和金属填料中的至少一种。
附图说明
图1A和图1B示出了根据本公开的实施方案的PPTC装置;
图2示出了在图1A中示出的PPTC装置的详细横截面图,其示出了在包括两种不同类型的导电填料的PPTC装置的PPTC材料中的渗滤网络;
图3示出了根据本公开的实施方案的PPTC材料的示例性电阻行为;
图4示出了根据本公开的实施方案的PPTC装置;并且
图5A和5B示出了根据本公开的多个另外的实施方案的PPTC装置。
具体实施方式
现在将参照其中示出了示例性实施方案的附图,在下文中更充分地描述本发明的实施方案。实施方案不应被解释为限于在本文中给出的实施方案。相反,提供这些实施方案以使得本公开将会是全面并且完整的,并且将会向本领域技术人员充分地传达它们的范围。在附图中,相似数字始终是指相似的元件。
在以下描述和/或权利要求中,术语“在…上”、“在…上面”、“设置在…上”和“在…上方”可以在以下描述和权利要求中使用。“在…上”、“在…上面”、“设置在…上”和“在…上方”可以用于表明两个以上元件彼此直接物理接触。此外,术语“在…上”、“在…上面”、“设置在…上”和“在…上方”可以意指两个以上元件彼此不直接接触。例如,“在…上方”可以意指一个元件在另一个元件上方而彼此不接触,并且可以在两个元件之间具有另一个元件或多个元件。此外,术语“和/或”可以意指“和”,其可以意指“或”,其可以意指“排他地或”,其可以意指“一个”,其可以意指“一些但并非全部”,其可以意指“两者都不”,和/或其可以意指“二者”,尽管未在此方面限制所要求的主题的范围。
在多个实施方案中,提供了新型的装置结构和材料以用于形成PPTC装置,其中所述PPTC装置包括具有至少两种不同类型导电填料的PPTC材料。在一个实例中,根据本公开的PPTC材料包括最高65体积%的导电填料,其中所述PPTC材料的10-39体积%是导电陶瓷填料并且其中导电填料的其余部分包括碳和金属填料中的至少一种。
在多个实施方案中,可以如在图1A和图1B中所示构建PPTC装置。图1A示出了PPTC装置100的侧横截面图,其中PPTC主体104设置在第一电极102和第二电极106之间,第一电极102和第二电极106分别布置在PPTC主体104的第一侧和第二侧上。图1B示出了在将第一端子108与第一电极102连接并且将第二端子110与第二电极106连接之后的PPTC装置100的构造。可以将第一端子108与第一电极102连接(例如,通过钎焊、焊接等)以形成第一界面112,并且可以将第二端子110与第二电极106连接以形成第二界面114。
根据本公开的实施方案,PPTC主体104可以由以下进一步详述的具有相对低的渗滤阈值的PPTC材料形成。第一电极102和第二电极106可以由已知的金属如铜箔形成。在一些实施方案中,铜箔可以是镀镍的。第一端子108和第二端子110还可以由已知的材料如铜或黄铜形成。关于这点并未对实施方案进行限制。
在本公开的一些实施方案中,PPTC主体104可以由复合PPTC材料形成,所述复合PPTC材料包括聚合物基质和导电填料。聚合物基质可以是,或者可以包括半结晶聚合物如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)聚合物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)聚合物、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)聚合物、乙烯四氟乙烯(ETFE)聚合物或全氟烷氧基(PFA)聚合物。关于这点并未对实施方案进行限制。
根据本公开的一些实施方案,PPTC材料的导电填料占PPTC材料的最高65体积%,其中PPTC的10体积%-39体积%包括一种或多种导电陶瓷材料。这样的材料可以包括但不限于,碳化钛、碳化钨、碳化钒、碳化锆、碳化铌、碳化钽、碳化钼、硼化钛、硼化钒、硼化锆、硼化铌、硼化钼、硼化铪或它们的混合物。导电填料的其余部分(即,PPTC材料的0-55体积%)可以包括碳和金属填料中的至少一种,其中示例性的金属填料包括但不限于,镍、钨、铜和铜合金。
根据本公开的示例性PPTC材料可以包括39体积%的导电陶瓷填料和10体积%的金属填料。根据本公开的另一种示例性PPTC材料可以包括10体积%的导电陶瓷填料和39体积%的金属填料。根据本公开的另一种示例性PPTC材料可以包括10体积%的导电陶瓷填料、25体积%的碳和25%体积%的金属填料。
在多个实施方案中,在PPTC材料中的导电填料的粒子的中值直径可以在约50纳米至20微米的范围内。已经发现,使用这样的相对小尺寸的导电陶瓷粒子可以在使用相对于通常在常规PPTC材料中使用的较大尺寸的粒子来说较少体积量的导电填料的PPTC材料中实现给定的电阻率。因此,在实现类似运行特性如电阻率和跳闸温度的同时,本公开的PPTC材料的成本和重量可以低于传统PPTC装置的成本和重量。
现在转向图2,其示出了在图1A中示出的PPTC装置100的详细横截面图,其示出了PPTC材料的导电填料的粒子,其可以包括导电陶瓷填料和至少一种另外的导电填料,其可以是碳或金属填料。
现在转向FIG.3,其示出了绘制作为根据本公开的实施方案布置的PPTC装置的温度的函数的电阻的图表。在这个实例中,在PPTC装置中的PPTC材料的导电填料包括18体积%的碳化钨和35体积%的炭黑,其中PPTC材料的聚合物是ETFE。如示出的,电阻的突然增加出现在210-220℃。因此,可以认为图3的PPTC材料展现出约215℃的跳闸温度。
可以通过适当选择导电填料的体积分数和导电填料的类型,将本公开的PPTC材料的保持电流密度设计为展现出在0.05至0.4A/mm2之间的值,其中保持电流密度被计算为PPTC材料在25℃的保持电流与电流在相对的电极之间行进通过的PPTC的面积的比。
可以根据本公开的不同实施方案改变PPTC装置的构造。图4提供了作为径向引线PPTC装置示出的PPTC装置400的俯视图,其包括与PPTC主体402的相对表面连接的底部引线404和顶部引线406。如以上通常所描述的,PPTC主体402可以具有分别与其顶表面和底表面连接的第一和第二电极(未单独示出)。可以通过封装层410如环氧树脂将PPTC装置400封装。PPTC主体402可以由通常如以上所述配制的PPTC材料形成。
根据本公开的示例性实施方案,图5A和图5B分别描绘了的单层表面安装PPTC装置500和双层表面安装PPTC装置600的实施方案的侧横截面图。这些装置可以包括PPTC主体502,以及第一和第二金属箔层504a、504b,其设置在PPTC主体502的相对侧上并且从在PPTC主体502的相对纵向末端的第一和第二金属轨道506a、506b纵向延伸,其中第一金属箔层504a向第二金属轨道506b延伸但是不接触第二金属轨道506b,并且其中第二金属箔层504b向第一金属轨道506a延伸但是不接触第一金属轨道506a。装置还可以包括覆盖金属箔层504a、504b的电绝缘的绝缘层510,和设置在最外绝缘层510上的金属电极512,其与金属轨道506a、506b电接触。在这些装置中,PPTC主体可以由通常如以上所述配制的PPTC材料形成。
尽管已经参照特定实施方案公开了本发明的实施方案,但是针对所描述的实施方案的许多修改、变更和改变是可行的,同时不背离如在所附权利要求中限定的本公开的领域和范围。因此,本发明的实施方案不限于所描述的实施方案,并且可以具有由以下权利要求的语言所限定的全部范围和其等同物。
Claims (13)
1.一种聚合物正温度系数装置,所述装置包括:
聚合物正温度系数主体;
设置在所述聚合物正温度系数主体的第一侧上的第一电极;和
设置在所述聚合物正温度系数主体的第二侧上的第二电极;
其中所述聚合物正温度系数主体由聚合物正温度系数材料形成,所述聚合物正温度系数材料包含:
乙烯四氟乙烯(ETFE)聚合物,以及
导电填料,所述导电填料包含18体积%的碳化钨和35体积%的炭黑;
其中所述聚合物正温度系数装置展现出约215℃的跳闸温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述导电填料由具有50纳米至20微米的中值直径的粒子形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述聚合物正温度系数材料展现出在0.05至0.4A/mm2之间的保持电流密度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述第一电极和所述第二电极中的至少一个由铜箔形成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述铜箔镀有镍。
6.一种聚合物正温度系数材料,所述材料包含:
聚合物基质,所述聚合物基质包含乙烯四氟乙烯(ETFE)聚合物;和
导电填料,所述导电填料包含18体积%的碳化钨和35体积%的炭黑;
其中所述聚合物正温度系数材料展现出约215℃的跳闸温度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚合物正温度系数材料,其中所述导电填料由具有50纳米至20微米的中值直径的粒子形成。
8.根据权利要求6所述的聚合物正温度系数材料,其中所述聚合物正温度系数材料展现出在0.05至0.4A/mm2之间的保持电流密度。
9.一种聚合物正温度系数装置,所述装置包括:
聚合物正温度系数主体;
第一和第二金属箔层,所述第一和第二金属箔层分别设置在所述聚合物正温度系数主体的相对侧上并且分别从在所述聚合物正温度系数主体的相对末端的第一和第二金属轨道延伸,其中所述第一金属箔层向所述第二金属轨道延伸但是不接触所述第二金属轨道,并且其中所述第二金属箔层向所述第一金属轨道延伸但是不接触所述第一金属轨道;
电绝缘的绝缘层,所述绝缘层覆盖所述第一和第二金属箔层;和
金属电极,所述金属电极设置在所述绝缘层上,与所述金属轨道电接触;
其中所述聚合物正温度系数主体由聚合物正温度系数材料形成,所述聚合物正温度系数材料包含:
乙烯四氟乙烯(ETFE)聚合物,以及
导电填料,所述导电填料包含18体积%的碳化钨和35体积%的炭黑;
其中所述聚合物正温度系数装置展现出约215℃的跳闸温度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述导电填料由具有50纳米至20微米的中值直径的粒子形成。
11.根据权利要求9所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述聚合物正温度系数材料展现出在0.05至0.4A/mm2之间的保持电流密度。
12.根据权利要求9所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述第一金属箔层和所述第二金属箔层中的至少一个由铜箔形成。
13.根据权利要求12所述的聚合物正温度系数装置,其中所述铜箔镀有镍。
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