CN1091138A - 疫苗 - Google Patents
疫苗 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1091138A CN1091138A CN93118322A CN93118322A CN1091138A CN 1091138 A CN1091138 A CN 1091138A CN 93118322 A CN93118322 A CN 93118322A CN 93118322 A CN93118322 A CN 93118322A CN 1091138 A CN1091138 A CN 1091138A
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- Prior art keywords
- antigen
- peptide
- antigenic
- analogue
- modification
- Prior art date
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Abstract
提供带有部分或完全反转、变型或反转-变型修
饰的天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物,当将其作为免
疫原将其施用于免疫活性宿主时,该合成肽抗原类似
物能诱导产生识别该天然肽抗原的抗体。还提供这
些类似物的应用,含这些抗原类似物的疫苗,及制备
疫苗的方法,以及用这些抗原类似物产生的抗体。
Description
本发明涉及带有部分或完全反转、变型或反转-变型修饰的天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物。当作为免疫原将其施用于免疫活性宿主时,该合成肽能同样诱导产生能识别天然肽抗原的抗体。本发明也涉及这些类似物的应用,涉及含这些免疫原类似物的疫苗及该疫苗的制备方法,还涉及使用这些抗原类似物所产生的抗体。
多肽立体化学可以就多肽主链周围的氨基酸残基侧链的拓扑化学排列来进行描述,所说主链是由氨基酸残基和该键合的残基的α-碳原子之间的肽键限定的。此外,多肽主链有独特的末端,由此也就有方向。
天然存在的氨基酸大多数是L-氨基酸,天然存在的多肽也就大量含L-氨基酸。
D-氨基酸是L-氨基酸的对映异构体,而所形成的肽本文中称之为变型肽(inverso peptide),即,由D-氨基酸构成而不由L-氨基酸构成的相应的天然肽。
反转肽(retropeptide)是由L-氨基酸构成,但其中的氨基酸残基是按与天然肽序列相反的方向组装在一起的。
天然存在的多肽的反转-变型修饰,则包括将氨基酸α-碳按立体化学上相反于相应L-氨基酸的α-碳,即D或D-异-氨基酸的方向,相对于天然肽序列来说相反的次序合成组装,因而反转-变型类似物有肽链倒转的末端和倒转的方向,而又近似保留在天然肽序列中的侧链拓扑结构。部份反转-变型肽类似物是仅有部份序列倒转并以其对映异构体氨基酸残基来代替的多肽。因为该类似物的反转-变型部份有倒转的氨基和羧基末端,位于反转-变型部分侧面的氨基酸残基分别由α-取代的变位-二氨基甲烷和丙二酸的侧链类似物所代替。
有关合成反转-变型肽类似物的方法(Bonelli等人,1984;Verdini和Viscomi 1985)和部分反转-变型肽类似物的固相合成的某些方法已有文献介绍过(Pessi等人1987)。
已经观察到由于酶对于它们的底物来说具有立体特异性,那么在肽底物中以D-氨基酸残基代替L-氨基酸残基则总的来说消除了蛋白水解酶识别性和/或活性,虽然也知道有例外情况。
肽激素用来作为反转-变型靶是特别有利的,据推测因为它们的类似物可作为有效的治疗剂使用。很多肽激素的部份及几例完全的反转-变型类似物已被制备并作过试验(见例如Goodman和Chorev,1981)。
完全的或者大部份反转-变型类似物一般发现失去了生物活性。无生物活性可能因为由于过份修饰在序列中出现倒转链末端和出现脯氨酸残基导致了复杂的结构改变而引起的。而另一方面某些部份反转-变型类似物,即仅选择性地修饰残基的肽地表现出保留或增长了生物活性。还发现反转-变型可用于合理设计酶抑制剂领域。
生物活性肽的反转-变型,在保留或增长天然肽活性方法,仅仅取得有限成功这一事实,可能有几个原因。虽然其结构很相似,但早就认识到肽和它们的反转-对映体在拓扑结构学上说来是不相同的,并且晶体结构及溶液构象研究也看出这一点。肽激素或神经传递质的生物活性基本取决于其与受体的动力学相互作用,以及肽-受体复合物的转导过程。很清楚这样的相互作用是个复杂过程,包括多构象和拓扑结构性质。因此毫不奇怪反转-变型类似物不能模拟所有这些性质。
20年来合成肽疫苗的研究是个非常活跃的领域(Aruon,1991,Steward和Howard,1987)遗憾的是有关抗原-抗体结合的化学问题知道甚少,目前为止仅仅解决了很少的抗原-抗体变合物X-射线晶体结构(Davies等人,1988)。因此,在本发明以前,不可能预料抗体是否能产生抗变型,反转或反转-变型肽的能力,以及是否这样的抗体能识别从这些肽序列得到的天然肽抗原。Lerner及其合作者(Lerner,1984)曾报道过有关一种天然、反转、变型及反转-变型形式的流感病毒血凝集素肽的合成。他们声称产生的抗这些肽的抗体不会交叉反应,而抗天然肽的抗体仅结合到天然肽抗原上。
能在各类粘膜中产生分泌免疫球蛋白A(IgA)抗体的口服免疫法已沿用了许多年,特别是用于胃肠道感染。对于口服给药的多肽抗原,要成功地诱导全身性免疫反应,要求至少某些该抗原吸收进循环系统中去。目前已经知道肠道肽转移是一个重要过程,它包括肽非特异性转移进粘膜吸收细胞中之后,细胞内进行的蛋白消化的最后几个步骤。也已有无可辩驳的证据表明,确实有少量完整的肽和蛋白质在正常情况下,由肠道进入循环系统。由于肠吸收无效和“天然”多肽抗原蛋白水解降解的缘故,口服接种所需抗原的量一般大大超过非肠道诱导全身性免疫所需的量。而且,抗原如此大量口服给药,经常导致同时产生IgA/抑制剂T-细胞介导的全身性耐受力的诱导作用(它能减少免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体产生)。因此需要研制能经受蛋白水解攻击的、非致耐受性的有效口服疫苗。
定义
整个说明书和权利要求书中的“反转修饰”是指由L-氨基酸构成的肽,其中氨基酸残基以与其天然肽相反的方向组装起来,此类肽就天然肽来说称之为反转修饰。
整个说明书和权利要求书的“变型修饰”是指由D-氨基酸构成的肽,其中氨基酸残基是以与其天然肽相同的方向组装起来的,此类就天然肽来说称之为变型修饰。
整个说明书和权利要求书的“反转-变型修饰”是指由D-氨基酸构成的肽,且其中氨基酸残基是以与其天然肽相反的方向组装起来的,此类肽对于天然肽来说称之为反转-变型修饰。
说明书和权利要求书全文中的“天然的”是指在制备部份或全部反转、变型、反转-变型类似物时作为起始序列的一种L氨基酸序列。
说明书和权利要求书全文所使用的术语“肽”应理解为包括任何长度的肽。
说明书和权利要求全文所述“抗原片断”是指本身是免疫原的或能与抗体结合的抗原的一部分的肽。
说明书和权利要求全文所说“抗原”应理解包括免疫原、正如其上下文所要求的。
说明书和权利要求全文所说“抗原类似物”是指能模拟天然肽抗原的免疫学活性的肽分子,该肽分子是经部份或完全反转、变型或反转、变型修饰的。
部份修饰包括少至仅两个连续残基被加以修饰的类似物,一般是至少5或6个连续残基被修饰。
其它氨基酸,通常是L异构体(但并不只限于L异构体),为使之能产生结合作用或增加溶解性等目的可以加入抗原肽中,为避免产生肽的聚合作用或环化作用可以含有半胱氨酸包括其Acm衍生物。或者用氨基丁酸代替。
本发明涉及天然肽抗原的部分或完全的倒转、变型或反转-变型修饰的抗原类似物,当将其作为免疫原施用于免疫活性宿主时,能诱导识别该天然抗原的抗体产生。令人惊异的是根据本发明的该抗原类似物表现出具免疫学活性,因此可作为疫苗制剂的候选物。将D-氨基酸与肽抗原类似物结合可增加它的施用后的降解稳定性,而且,D-氨基酸的结合物有可能用于类似物的口服施用。
既已证明了可诱导抗反转、变型和反转、变型抗原类似物的抗体,能识别其天然肽抗原(类似物序列从其衍生而来),那么一般来说可以断言,这些类似物可取得预期的成效,因为其抗体-抗原结合相互作用病例与病例之间并无基本差别。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物,该类似物对于其天然抗原来说是部份或完全反转修饰的。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物,该类似物对于该天然抗原来说是部份或完全加以变型修饰的。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供了天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物,该类似物对于该天然抗原来说是部份或完全加以反转-变型修饰的。本发明的抗原类似物当作为免疫原施用于免疫活性宿主时,能诱导产生识别天然肽抗原的抗体。对于反转变型类似物来说,发现在特殊情况下可需进一步修饰。如果选择的肽抗原比抗体-结合的抗原结构的平均尺寸要小,那么在识别和结合抗体时其C末端和N末端基团也像内部残基一样重要。很可能此类肽抗原的完全反转-变型变体的末端大大不同于天然肽抗原,结果使得它作为抗原类似物变得无效。对于此类肽,则需要生产由该肽多拷贝制成的高聚物,或者通过将其末端进行保护而使其末端得以修饰,所说保护例如以另外的残基结合于末端或者用侧链-类似-取代的孪位二氨基甲烷和丙二酸来化学置称其开端。其他的技术例如使这些肽环化也可能有好处。
一般来说产生的抗体能中和天然肽抗原的有害生物活性,然而,应当了解产生的能与天然肽抗原结合的抗本发明类似物的抗体是否也能使这样的中和作用有实用性,比如用于诊断。既然也表明本发明的抗原类似物能产生识别天然抗原的抗体,那么可以说,在需要抗天然抗原接种的情况下,它们可作为疫苗成份的候选物。业已发现在实验动物群体中某些个体,因为主要的组织相容性(MHC)限制,一部分将不产生对免疫接种的反应。然而确实产生反应的群体的这些成员反应却很好。缺乏反应是一种共同的免疫学现象,而不应当认为是反转变型抗原类似物改变了效力的征候。
本发明的内容也包括用于免疫接种免疫活性宿主的本发明抗原类似物。
根据本发明的第四个方面,提供了包含至少一种本发明抗原类似物以及药用或兽药用的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂和/或佐剂的疫苗。
本发明的疫苗可以含与适当载体结合的抗原类似物,或者含以类似物及蛋白载体合成形成延伸的多肽的抗原类似物。
本发明的疫苗可以采用疫苗配制领域的标准方法来配制。
可以按照本领域的标准技术来选择适当的稀释剂、载体、赋形剂和/或佐剂。
优选的是本发明的含D-氨基酸的这些合成肽抗原类似物,它能产生比其相应的天然抗原所获得的免疫反应持续更长时间的免疫反应。
一般天然抗原是任何一种天然存在的多肽或其抗原片断,能在宿主内产生免疫反应。根据本发明的天然抗原包括其氨基酸序列主干来自病原体多肽的任何长度的肽或多肽这些病原体诸如脊髓灰质炎、乙型肝炎、牲畜口蹄疫、破伤风、百日咳、HIV、霍乱、疟疾、流感、狂犬病或引起diptheria的因子,或者毒素,例如robustoxin,致病大肠杆菌菌株的热不稳定毒素以及来自老贺菌痢疾的志贺毒素。其它有用的抗原包括淀粉样β蛋白(Alzheimer病)及人绒毛膜促性腺素和促性腺激素释放激素(避孕疫苗)。
本发明的优选类似物是疟疾抗原类似物,它是P.falciparum子孢子的环子孢子包被蛋白的免疫显性抗原决定簇,或优选diphtheria毒素抗原或HIV-1抗原,HBV抗原或Vobustoxin。更优选的类似物是这些分子的反转-变型形式。
本发明的疫苗可以经注射施用于需要进行此种免疫处置的宿主。掺入含D-氨基酸类似物的疫苗也可以口服给药。当疫苗通过注射施用时抗原类似物可结合于适当载体分子上并通过常规方法注射,例如肌内注射。
本发明也提供给需要进行此类处置的宿主接种的方法,该方法包括给该宿主施用本发明的有效量抗原类似物或疫苗。
本发明的另一方面是提供以本发明的抗原类似物对宿主产生免疫作用所产生的抗体。这些抗体可用作诊断、治疗和/或预防疾病以及药物输送的药剂。
本发明也提供一种抗天然肽抗原的抗体样品的分析方法,包括使用根据本发明的抗原的抗原类似物。
本发明还提供一种抗天然肽抗原样品的分析方法,包括使用本发明的识别该抗原的抗体。
本发明进一步提供一种诊断药盒,它包含至少一种本发明的抗原类似物或抗体以及阳性和阴性对照标准物。若该药盒用于检测抗特定天然抗原的抗体,则该药盒应含有该天然抗原的抗原类似物。阳性标准物可以是本发明的对该抗原类似物产生的抗体。阴性标准物可以是任何非交叉反应抗体。若该诊断药盒用来检测天然抗原,该药盒应含抗天然抗原类似物的抗体。该天然抗原的类似物可用作阳性标准物。不由该抗体识别的肽用来作为阴性标准物。
本发明也提供制备天然肽抗原的抗原类似物的方法,它包括合成该天然肽抗原的部分或完全反转、变型或反转-变型的类似物。
其它氨基酸,通常是(但并不限于)L氨基酸可以加入到抗原肽中,以使之例如达到结合或提高溶解性的目的。半胱氨酸可以包括其Acm衍生物,以防止肽的聚合作用或环化作用,或者也可用氨基丁酸来代替半胱氨酸。
本发明进一步提供制备抗天然肽抗原的疫苗的方法,该方法包括提供该天然肽抗原的反转,变型或反转-变型类似物,并将有效量的该抗原类似物与药物学上或兽医学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂和/或佐剂混合。制备疫苗的该方法另外还可包括将抗原类似物与适当的载体分子结合。
缩写
Ab 抗体
BOP 六氟磷酸(苯并三唑氧基)三(二甲基氨基)鏻鎓(Castros reagent)
DMF 二甲基甲酰胺
BSA 牛血清白蛋白
ELISA 酶连免疫吸附检测法
Fmoc 9-芴基甲氧基羰基
HPLC 高效液体色谱
Ig 免疫球蛋白
in 变型
i.p 腹膜内
KLH
孔血兰蛋白
Mod 模型(model)
no 正常的(天然的)
PBS 磷酸盐缓冲盐水(10mM磷酸盐150mM NaCl,pH7.4)
pfp 五氟苯基
pvc 聚氯乙烯
re 反转
ri 反转-变型
TFA 三氟乙酸
氨基酸
L-氨基酸以大写字母接着以小写字母表示,例如Ala表示L-丙氨酸(L-alanine)。
而D-氨基酸都用小写字母缩写,例如ala表示D-丙氨酸(D-alanine)。
现对附图作一简要介绍:
图1表示可以制成根据本发明的氨基酸序列的修饰。R1、R2、R3和R4代表氨基酸侧链,Xaa代表任何一个氨基酸残基。
图2表示反转-变型模式(mod)肽-KLH抗血清抗不同固定肽-BSA的ELISA结果:
图3表示疟疾(Mal)-肽抗血清(口服免疫)抗肽-BSA的ELISA的结果-血清/固定抗原:riMal/riMal(△),riMal/noMal(+),noMal/noMal(□),noMal/riMal(◇),非免疫血清/noMal(X)
图4表示diphtheria(DIP)肽-KLH抗血清抗固定肽-BSA的ELISA结果-血清/固定抗原:riDip/riDip(△),riDip/noDip(+),noDip/noDip(□),noDip/riDip(◇),非免疫/noDip(X)。
图5表示diphtheria(Dip)肽-KLH抗血清抗固定diphtheria毒素的ELISA结果-抗-riDip(+),抗-noDip(□),非免疫血清(◇)。
图6表示口服诱导diphtheria(Dip)肽抗血清抗固定diphtheria毒素的ELISA结果-抗-noDip,2星期(□);抗-riDip,2星期(+);抗-riDip,8星期(◇)。
图7表示HIVgp41(735-753)抗血清抗固定肽的ELISA结果:血清/固定抗原
图8表示HIVgp41单克隆与gp41肽的ELISA结果。
图9以图形表示实施例14所得到ELISA结果。
□ 为riHBV涂盖板
■ 为noHBV涂盖板
图10以图形表示实施例15所得到ELISA结果。
S1-no-肽涂盖孔
S2-ri-肽涂盖孔
图11以图形表示实施例14所得到ELISA结果。
粗黑线:抗血清对ri-HBV肽
正常线:抗血清对no-HBV肽
园和菱形符号:no-HBV肽涂盖孔
方形和三角符号:ri-HBV肽涂盖孔
图12以图形表示实施例17所得到的ELISA结果。
粗黑线:抗血清对ri-HBV肽
正常线:抗血清对no-HBV肽
园和菱形符号:no-HBV肽涂盖孔
方形和三角符号:ri-HBV肽涂盖孔
实施本发明的最佳方式
本发明的抗原类似物采用制备含L和D氨基酸的肽的标准技术未制备。具体归纳入实施例1中。
本发明的疫苗由配制疫苗的标准技术未配制,采用适合于口服或注射疫苗配方的标准载体、稀释剂、赋形剂和/或佐剂,掺入疫苗中的抗原类似物的有效量按标准方法来决定。
所采用的接种制式是给人或动物宿主接种的标准制式。当宿主需要进行免疫作用或者准备利用该宿主来产生供外源使用的抗体时,这些制式便可使用。本发明的诊断药盒亦采用制备此类药盒的试剂和对照物的标准方法来制备。
一般来说诊断药盒是放射免疫检测(RIA)或免疫萤光法或ELISA形式的,而后者可以按实施例4所述进行。
若本发明的类似物或所产生的抗它们的抗体被用来检测天然抗原或检测抗天然抗原的抗体,那么在免疫测试的总规划中,可以采用抗欲测试样品的适当试剂及适当的对照物。
本发明进一步在下述实施例中加以评述,这些实施例只为说明本发明,而决不以此限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例表明根据本发明的抗原类似物,可出人意料地诱导能识别天然序列的抗体,不仅是肽形式的,而且也包括当其含于蛋白质中时,从蛋白质中衍生出的抗体。挑选三种抗原序列,并试验其产生能识别母体天然序列,并能与之相互作用的抗体的能力(实施例5、6和7)。一种抗原序列(例5)是不带生物学相关性的模式,而另二种抗原序列(例6和7)代表合成肽抗原,它们分别有效地使用于抗疟疾及抗diphtheria的疫苗中,这些在前面已经说明了。所观察到的抗“天然”和反转-变型肽的抗体的交叉反应活性,有力地证明抗体识别抗原主要是由其氨基酸侧链云信所致而与其主链无关。在所研究的三种情况中,抗反转-变型肽抗原的多克隆抗体制剂,结合于母体序列和反转-变型抗原同样好。
用结合于载体蛋白的反转-变型抗原进行常规免疫,以及用游离的反转-变型抗原具交叉反应活性的血清抗体的能力,表示这类抗原能用作疫苗。正如已证明的,这些抗原能进行不带载体蛋白的免疫作用,不仅可注射,而且也能口服给药。可能这是由于至少有一个T-细胞抗原决定簇存在而引起的。这些研究再结合对反转-变型抗原的免疫反应寿命相当长的这一发现,表明了这些抗原,在克服实验合成肽疫苗存在的两个主要问题中的用途。
实施例1
肽的合成
通过固相法,在聚酰胺(Arshady,1981)或Palyhipe载体上,采用侧链保护的Fmoc氨基酸(Carpino & Han,1972)来合成肽,基本上按Eberle等人(1986)所述进行。仅使用市售的或合成的纯氨基酸衍生物。在0.2摩尔当量N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶和N-甲基吗啉存在下,将以对-烷氧基苯甲基醇为基本键合剂而得到的聚酰胺合成树脂,定量地以适当予制的C-末端Fmoc-氨基酸对称酐来进行酯化反应。而以Fmoc-Rink接头(Rink,1987)得到的Polyhipe树脂不需要将第一个氨基酸对它进行酯化反应。使用Fmoc-氨基酸五氟苯基酯(Atherton等人,1988)或Castro试剂/1-羟基苯并三唑偶合剂(Hudson,1988)来进行链扩展反应。使用特定变色试验(Hancock & Battersby,1976)和/或酸水解肽树脂样品的氨基酸分析来监测每个合成步骤。
用含适当清除剂化合物混合物的TFA将肽从树脂上裂解下来,并除去侧链保护基(Tam,1988)。过滤并真空蒸发后,将该肽用乙醚研磨,离心收集并从碳酸氢铵水溶液中冻干。
然后采用在水溶液中的适当凝胶过滤介质上的柱层析法将所有肽胺步脱盐和纯化。然后用水-乙腈(含0.05-0.1%TFA)梯度洗脱液,进行反相HPLC将其提纯至均一程度。该合成肽的纯度进一步用气相酸水解/氨基酸分析(Bidlingmeyer等人,1987)来评估,并且假如需要,再进行自动气相序列分析(Hunkapiller &Hood,1983)。
实施例2
肽-载体蛋白结合物
用Liu等人(1979)采纳的方法,通过合成肽的半胱氨酸的硫羟基团,将合成肽与载体蛋白偶合,具体如下:将KLH(40mg)或BSA(100mg)溶解于3ml 50mM硫酸盐缓冲液(pH6.0)中,慢慢加入m-顺丁烯二酰亚氨基苯甲酰基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS;于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的0.2ml新配制的25mg/ml原液),该混合物于室温下搅拌30分钟。然后立即用0.8mm膜过滤,并抽入Sephacryl S-300柱(11×170mm)。然后用pH6缓冲液将其按0.25ml/min的速度扩展开。收集含蛋白质-MB的馏份,汇集并加至配制好的肽溶液(10μmol于pH7.5磷酸盐缓冲液中)中。用0.1M NaOH将该混合物的pH值调至7.5。然后用氮冲洗,密封并磁搅拌2.5小时。用稀碳酸氢铵彻底透析(Mr12000-15000去除)后,该蛋白一载体蛋白质结合物再经冷冻干燥分离出。所有水溶液使用前均经脱气处理过。
实施例3
免疫接种
将Swiss albino幼鼠用来进行免疫接种试验,经腹膜内(i.p)注射无任何佐剂的肽-KLH结合物。口服免疫是给锇鼠喂以经适当抗原溶液浸泡的食物小丸进行的。
实施例4
ELISA程序
将PVC微滴平板的各小孔用溶于稀碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐缓冲液(pH9.2)中的适当抗原(0.25-10μg/每孔)复盖,于4℃过夜。吸出之后,用4%BSA或煮沸的酪蛋白,0.05%Tween-20(在PBS中)培养2小时使之形成阻断。然后用0.1%的Tween-20的PBS液洗涤几次,加入抗血清(用阻断液连续稀释过)。培养4小时后,将该板再次洗涤。以适当稀释(在阻断液中)的,经亲和提纯的抗鼠IgG-辣根过氧化酶培养1小时后检测结合的IgG。用0.5mg/ml邻苯二胺,0.01%过氧化物于pH5在暗室中洗涤和显影。加入4M硫酸停止颜色显影。将该板立即于492nm波长处读数。
除了复盖而外,所有培养步骤均于室温下进行并搅拌该板。
实施例5
对不具生物学相关性的合成抗原序列产生的抗体和活性的分析
下述模式的十二肽的合成是将半胱氨酸的硫羟基保护成三苯甲基硫醚来进行的,并用5%硫酚的TFA溶液处理90分钟来裂解肽树脂。为进行免疫而制备蛋白质结合物。
正常的(天然的)肽(L-氨基酸,N→C方向)
noMod:H-Gly-Cys-Gly-Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln-Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln-Gly-OH
反转-变型肽(D-氨基酸,C→N方向)
riMod:H-Gly-gln-ala-leu-pro-gln-ala-leu-pro-Gly-Gys-Gly-OH
反转肽(L-氨基酸,C→N方向)
remod:H-Gly-Gln-Ala-Leu-Pro-Gln-Ala-Leu-Pro-Gly-Gys-Gly-OH
变型肽(D-氨基酸,N→C方向)
inMod:H-Gly-Cys-Cly-pro-leu-ala-gln-pro-leu-ala-gln-Gly-OH
腹膜内免疫接种
经腹膜内以0.2mg/每剂KLH-肽(溶于0.1ml PBS中)按每种抗原给四只一组的鼠免疫接种。然后在第4,9和16天给以加强注射。使用固定BSA-肽结合物以ELISA测量汇集的血清(从每组中汇集的)中的抗肽抗体。
发现所有四种抗原(包括含D-氨基酸的)都是致免疫的,当针对它们各自肽抗原的固定BSA结合物的近似相等量进行检测时,这些抗血清表现出极相似的抗体水平。而且每种抗血清中的抗体也能与其它三种肽抗原结合。倒转-反向肽-KLH抗血清与所有四种肽相结合的测定结果示于图2中。不仅观察到noMod和riMod抗体的交叉反应,也观察到抗非等配物抗原的抗体的交叉反应这一事实是特别出乎人意料的。这表明所研究的抗体能识别抗原中氨基酸侧链基团,并不关系到序列的方向和α-碳原子的绝对构形。而且该肽序列中脯氨基酸基的存在,不能阻碍含D-氨基酸的肽成功地模拟天然肽序列,正如在反转-变型肽激素类似物中所观察到的情况。
为了说明对载体蛋白连接位点-Gly-Cys-Gly-的抗体特异性(即对所有抗原仅部份共同性),还检测了抗KLH抗血清与14-残基肽(带有完全无关序列,但含同样连接位点)的结合物(图2中对照1)。正如可以看出的,抗体对该位点看来并不表现出对所观察到的交叉反应活性起主要作用(对照2仅仅是观察到riMod-KLH抗血清对BSA的结合)。
口服免疫接种
口服免疫接种用游的(即非结合的)天然的和反转-变型模式肽按如下步骤进行:按照上述腹膜免疫接种所述步骤将0.3mg/每剂肽(溶于50ml PS)施用于各组鼠,所得血清经ELISA测定结果归纳入表1。并列入相应的注射免疫接种的结果以示比较。
表1
模型肽抗血清的ELISA
固定物质 给药途径 抗血清 最后加强 效价a
注射的天数
riMod-BSA i.p. riMod-KLH 6 >5,000
riMod-BSA i.p. noMod-KLH 6 >5,000
riMod-BSA non-immune 80
riMod-BSA i.p. 对照 6 64
BSA only i.p. riMod-KLH 6 120
riMod-BSA oral riMod 6 512
riMod-BSA oral riMod 13 2,048
riMod-BSA oral riMod 26 2,048
riMod-BSA oral riMod 40 1,024
noMod-BSA i.p. noMod-KLH 6 >5,000
noMod-BSA i.p. riMod-KLH 6 >5,000
noMod-BSA non-immune 80
BSA only i.p. noMod-KLH 6 64
noMod-BSA oral riMod 13 2,048
noMod-BSA oral noMod 6 0
noMod-BSA oral noMod 13 0
a,给出统计意义的明显信号的最高血清稀释度的倒数。
b,具无关序列,除去-Gly-Cys-Gly蛋白结合位点的14残基对照肽。
对于反转-变型肽来说,口服免疫接种只给出可以检测出的血清IgG反应,在反转-变型抗血清中的抗体,再次表现出与天然肽完全的交叉反应。显然,与天然肽相反,反转-变型肽能以固定IgG反应的足够量进入循环系统。反转-复型肽仅很慢地降解,可由抗-肽IgG在动物血清中存留数星期这一事实表现出来。
实施例6
抗相应于P.falciparum子孢子的环子孢子包被蛋白的免疫显性抗原决定基的肽序列的抗体的产生和活性的分析
合成下述四种根据P.falciparum子孢子的环子孢子包被蛋白的免疫显性抗原决定基的肽:
noMalCys:H-Cys-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-OH
noMal: H-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-OH
riMalCys: H-pro-asn-ala-asn-pro-asn-ala-asn-pro-asn-ala-asn-Cys-OH
riMal: H-pro-asn-ala-asn-pro-asn-ala-asn-pro-asn-ala-asn-OH
为合成需要,将半胱氨酸保护成三苯甲基硫酯。在不将侧链保护为五氟苯基酯情况下偶合序列内天冬酰胺。Fmoc-Asn-Pro-肽树脂的去保护作用缩短并3分钟,接着用DMF洗三个15秒钟并立即用Fmoc-Ala-OH/Bop-HoBt酰化以便由于形成二酮基哌嗪而损失的肽减至最少(约50%)。偶合天冬酰胺以使合成Fmoc-Asn(Mbh)对称酐衍生物树脂。
对于noMalcys-和riMalcys-肽树脂来说,用5%硫酚TFA液可完成裂解/去保护基,而对于noMal-和riMal-树脂来说则使用5%水TFA溶液。裂解后riMal肽粗产物在室温下,以5%苯硫基甲烷的TFA溶液进一步处理2小时,使之完全除去二甲氧基二苯甲基保护基。
用100μg剂量的noMalcys-和riMalcys-KLH结合物,以每星期的间隔给各组鼠经i.p接种,共四星期。五星期后收集血样,以ILISA评估血清效价(表2)
表2
疟疾肽-KLH结合物抗血清的ELISA
固定抗原 抗血清抗- 效价a
noMalCys-BSA noMalCys-KLH >12,000
noMalCys-BSA riMalCys-KLH 1,500
riMalCys-BSA noMalCys-KLH >12,000
riMalCys-BSA riMalCys-KLH 3,000
a 表现出明显高于基础读数(平均高于四个个体血清)的最高血清稀释度的倒数。
此处发现天然抗原比反转-变型抗原致免疫性更高,如前面实施例一样,该血清是完全交叉活性的。将鼠按每星期的间隔口服120mal和riMal肽免疫接种,共四星期。五星期后取血样并以ELISA检测。结果效价示出图3。仅有反转-变型肽可诱导明显抗肽抗体效价。由此看来这些抗体与正常肽是完全交叉-反应活性的,这与肽-KLH抗血清是完全交叉-反应活性的一样。
no/riMal肽与疟疾病人的血清试验
已显示抗环子孢子蛋白重复序列的高水平抗体能抑制子孢子生长(mazier等人,1986)。而且,含这些重复序列的重组疫苗,以及由3个NANP重复序列偶合到破伤风类毒素上所组成的疫苗在临床试验上均表现出有一定价值(Harrington等人,1987 & 1990)。在记明了动物中产生的抗noMal和riMal肽的抗血清是交叉活性的以后,重要的是要证明患疟疾的人中的抗子孢子抗体能识别上述两种肽。
从Thai疟疾病人抽取血清样品。这些血清已知含有抗plasmodiumfalciparum环子孢子蛋白的免疫显性抗原决定簇的抗体(Wirtz等人,1989)。除少数几个例外,所有病人临床诊断为疟疾并当时不断发作。
我们试验这些血清的结合于重组环子孢子构件合成多聚物和noMal(它们所有含NANP重复序列)以及riMal的抗体结合能力。结果汇总于表3。正如可以看出的,对大部分血清来说,其结果相关性很好,对含大量NANP重复序列的那些抗原的结合较强。在每一种情况下,均观察到正常肽和倒转-反向形式的(NANP),肽之间的血清交叉反应。
表3
人疟疾患者血清中识别noMal和riMal肽的IgG
抗原
经复盖的ELISA平板用稀释的人血添进行培养。然后洗涤该板,并使用抗人IgG偶合于辣根过氧化酶来检测结合抗体。结果表示为从十到++++这样的度量范围,其中+表示效价为1/320(给出明显信号的血清最高稀释度),而++++表示效价>2560。所有结果对于非特异性结合来加以校正,非特异结合系以非相关肽,如同noMal和riMal一样结合于BSA,作为对照。
固定抗原a
a.用适当抗原按10μg/每孔涂复ELISA微滴平板。
b.合成高聚物,即近似50%Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro重复序列,按Etlinger等人方法(1988)制备
c.在酵母中表达的重组蛋白(Barr等人1987),含P.falci-parum环子孢子蛋白的残基43-391(Dame等人,1984)
实施例7
抗相应于diphtheria毒素的氨基酸序列的肽序列的抗体产生及抗体活性分析
由diphtheria毒素分子氨基末端附近的二硫桥所对产生的14氨基酸残基的环序列作为基础,合成下列两种肽:
noDip:H-Gly-Asn-Arg-Val-Arg-Arg-Sen-Val-Gly-Ser-Ser-Leu-Lys-Cys-OH
riDip:H-cys-lys-leu-ser-ser-Gly-val-ser-arg-arg-val-arg-asn-Gly-OH
侧链保护基使用如下:三苯甲基保护半胱氨酰、t-丁氧羰基保护赖氨酸、t-丁基保护丝氨酸,4-甲氧基-2,3,6-三甲基苯磺酰基保护精氨酸。在两种情况下天冬氨酸则进行偶合形成游离侧链酰胺及形成五氟苯基酯(Gausepohl等人,1989)。用含0.25M 1,2-乙二硫醇的1M溴代三甲基甲硅烷-硫代茴香醚的TFA溶液,于0℃,与肽树脂反应75分钟,完成裂解和侧链去保护作用(Yajima等人,1988)。
以100μg剂量的KLH-结合正常肽及反转-多型肽在第0天i.p接种鼠(每种肽接种4只),接着在第4,9和16天加强注射。在第21天采集血样并汇集血清。使用ELISA与固定BSA-肽结合物测定抗该两肽的IgG抗体。结果汇总于图4。正常及反转-多型肽-KLH结合物二者均产生相似的抗体效价,再次证明了抗原中非天然氨基酸的存在导致其致免疫性的保留。而且该结果显示两种抗血清中的IgG识别两种抗原的能力极其相同。
进一步检测抗血清在diphtheria毒素本身中识别其抗原序列的能力,与此目的采用带固定diphtheria毒素(1μg/每孔)的ELISA。图5的结果证明两种抗血清中IgG抗体结合于该毒素。倒转-变型肽-KLH抗血清表现出很高抗毒素效价(比正常抗血清效价高约10倍)。
当口服免疫接种游天然及反转-变型diphtheria肽时记录下更为令人惊异的结果。此时鼠给予约1mg肽的单剂量,在一星期和两星期后,从以每种肽免疫的免疫动物抽取的血清样品均含结合于diphtheria毒素的抗体,在两种情况下抗毒素效价都相当高。另一方面,接种8星期后,则只有接受反转-变型肽的动物看来还会有抗毒素抗体(图6)。而且所测得的效价很高,并与用相应KLH结合物经加强腹膜注射接种所获得的效价差不多。
实施例8
HVV-1肽
许多由重组病毒蛋白或合成肽组成的爱滋病疫苗已被提出并加以试验(Spalding,1992)。大部分来自病毒包被糖蛋白gp120和gp41的各种抗原决定簇已关联到诱导中和病毒抗体的能力。我们选择gp41序列735-753(Chanh等人,1986)和583-599(Klasse等人,1988)进行研究,并制备下述肽:
noHIVgp41(735-753) H-Tyr-Asp-Arg-Pro-Glu-Gly-rls-Glu-Glu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Glu-Arg-Asp-Arg-Asp-Arg-Ser-NH2
riHIVgp41(735-753) H-ser-arg-asp-arg-asp-arg-glu-Gly-Gly-glu-glu-glu-ile-Gly-Glu-pro-arg-asp-tyr-NH2
noHIVgp41(583-599) H-Leu-Gln-Ala-Arg-rle-Leu-Ala-Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-NH2
inHIVgp41(583-599) H-leu-gln-ala-arg-ile-leu-ala-val-glu-arg-tyr-leu-lys-asp-gln-gln-leu-NH2
riHIVgp41(583-599) H-leu-gln-gln-asp-lys-leu-tyr-arg-glu-val-ala-leu-ile-arg-ala-gln-leu-NH2
除了使用带三烷氧基二苯基-酰胺键(Rink,1987)的合成树脂外,该合成按通常方法进行。按照Mariani等人(1987)所述用戊二醛聚合作用来制备与BSA和KLH的结合物。将各组鼠用Frennd完全佐剂中的100μg/每剂HIVgp41(735-753)肽-KLH结合物免疫接种,接着按二星期的间隔以Freund不完全佐剂进行两次加强注射。最后一次加强注射后二星期采集血样并制备血清。
产生抗HIV-1gp41蛋白抗体的鼠单克隆杂交瘤细胞系,采用重组gp41免疫接种来获得。将具最佳免疫反应的动物脾细胞分离出,并使用聚乙二醇-4000,与NS-1骨髓瘤细胞相融合。将所得细胞移出,并进行限制稀释克隆。
用ELISA分析抗两种HIVgp41(375-753)肽多克隆抗血清,其结果示于图7。用no HIV gp41(735-753)-BSA和riHIVgp41(735-753)-BSA按5μg/每孔,在碳酸盐缓冲液中(pH9.6)将ELISA平板涂复1小时。1小时后用煮沸的酪蛋白溶液将其阻断。然后将它们用来自以肽-KLH结合物接种的鼠的血清系列稀释液培养1小时。用以辣根过氧化酶标记的山羊-抗-鼠IgG抗体来进行检测。结果对非特异性结合(使用非相关肽-BSA结合物测定的)进行校正。将5个数据点(相应于每种肽一组五只鼠)的平均值作图。该数据点记号(例如120/no)是指包复的抗原/抗血清。很清楚抗两种形式肽的抗体之间的交叉反应程度很高。为了证明个体抗体能识别不同形式的肽,使用抗gp41的单克隆抗体来进行ELISA实验。有关HIVgp41(583-599)肽的结果示于图8。产生抗HIVgp41抗体的细胞系文库,通过在微滴平板上以no HIVgp41(583-599)-BSA固定进行ELISA予筛选过。将24个克隆进一步试验:100μl细胞上清液,按5μl/每孔,以三种肽-BSA结合物每一种进行培养。将平板洗涤,并借助抗-鼠IgG-辣根过氧化酶结合物检测结合抗体。以0-苯二胺/过氧化物显色后,将未经校正的色信号对指定的细胞系作图。在每种单克隆抗体识别一种肽形式的情况下也结合于其它两种形式上,看来交叉反应的程度确实是完全的。某些识别HIVgp41(735-753)肽的抗gp41的细胞系也相同地发现了交叉反应。
实施例9
反转-变型robustoxin(riRtx)
极强致命的robustoxin在雄性漏斗状网蜘蛛的毒液中发现(Nicholson等人,1991)。业已证明以该毒素的合成类似物制成的疫苗接种,可以保护鼠和猴不受该天然毒素的侵害(Mylecharane等人,1991)。为证明反转-变型肽作为疫苗的实用性,制备有下述序列的robustoxin反转-变型类似物:
H-cys(Acm)-lys-lys-phe-leu-Gly-thr-ile-thr-thr-glu-
cys(Acm)-ser-Gly-gln-gln-asn-tyr-trp-ala-tyr-ile-
cys(Acm)-lys-met-pro-cys(Acm)-cys(Acm)-asp-glu-
asn-lys-Gly-cys(Acm)-trp-asn-arg-lys-lys-ala-cys(Acm)-OH
将该肽提纯并经气相序列分析证实其结构。将0.2mg该肽和0.8mg KLH溶于加有10μl 25%戊二醛水溶液的1ml磷酸盐缓冲盐水中于室温下过夜进行高聚。加入100μl 2%赖氨酸溶液使反应停止制备出疫苗。
给每组鼠以该物接种,或以按相似方法,但采用正常CyS(Acm)-保护合成的robustoxin配制的疫苗接种,方法如下:两星期一次注射50μg肽-KLH,首先两次皮下注射,又有三次腹膜加强注射。最后一次加强接种以后14星期,用2倍最小致命剂量(在临攻击关测定致命剂量)的漏斗状网蜘蛛毒液经静脉注射,来攻击免疫动物及对照非免疫动物。攻击后未免疫接种动物10分钟内死亡,而经天然疫苗接种动物存活,经riRtx-KLH免疫接种的各鼠中的一只于24小进后死去,其余七只存活。
实施例10
丙型肝炎病毒包膜蛋白
合成下列基于丙型肝炎病毒包膜序列(306-330)以两种肽:
noCEnv H-Cys-Ser-Ile-Tyr-Pro-Gly-His-Ile-Thr-Gly-His-Arg-Met-Ala-Trp-Asp-Mct-Mct-Mct-Asn-Trp-Scr-Pro-Thr-Ala-OH
riCEnv H-ala-thr-pro-ser-trp-asn-met-met-met-asp-trp-ala-met-arg-his-Gly-thr-ile-his-Gly-pro-tyr-ile-ser-cys-NH2
noCEnv的合成在以Fmoc-Ala予先酯化的聚酰胺PepsynKA树脂上进行,而riCEnv是在Polyhipe Rink树脂上进行。侧链保护基使用如下:三苯甲基用于半胱氨酸、组氨酸和天冬酰胺、叔丁基用于丝氨酸、苏氨酸和天冬氨酸,而2,2,5,7,8-五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-硫酰基用于精氨酸。以含0.25M1,2-乙二硫醇的1M溴代三甲基甲硅烷-硫代茴香醚,于0℃反应肽树脂90分钟,完成裂解及侧链去保护基作用(Yajima等人,1988)。按实施例2所述将该两肽与BSA结合。
用实施例11的方法,以取自中国HCV阳性患者的抗血清将两种肽进行ELISA试验。noCEnv检测为被试阳性血清的15/30(50%),而riCEno得到相似结果。
实施例11
丙型肝炎衣壳肽
基于丙型肝炎病毒的衣壳序列(39-74)合成下述两种肽:
noCCap H-Cys-Arg-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg-Ala-Thr-Arg-Lys-Thr-Scr-Glu-Arg-Scr-Gln-Pro-Arg-Gly-Arg-Arg-Gln-Pro-He-Pro-Lys-Val-Arg-Arg-Pro-Glu-Gly-Arg-OH
riCCap H-Cys-arg-Gly-glu-pro-arg-arg-val-lys-pro-ilc-pro-gln-arg-arg-Gly-arg-pro-gln-ser-arg-glu-ser-thr-lys-arg-thr-ala-arg-val-Gly-leu-arg-pro-Gly-arg-arg-NH2
noCCap的合成是在予先以Fmoc-Arg(Mtr)酯化过的聚酰胺PepsynKA树脂上进行的,而riCCap是在Polyhipe Rink树脂上进行。侧链保护基使用如下:三苯甲基用于半胱氨酸和谷氨酸胺、叔丁基用于丝氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酸、叔丁氧基羰基用于赖氨酸、而2,2,5,7,8五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-硫酰基用于精氨酸。将肽树脂与含0.25M1,2-乙二硫醇(Yajima等人,1988)的(M溴代三甲基甲硅烷基-硫代茴香醚的TFA溶液,于0℃反应90分钟,完成裂解和侧链去保护基作用。按实施例2所述将该两肽与BSA结合。
将PVC微滴平板的各孔以溶于稀碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐缓冲液(pH9.6)的适当抗原涂复(0.05-1μg/每孔),并于4℃培养过夜。吸进之后,用含20%小牛血清的碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐缓冲液(pH9.6),于37℃培养1小时进行阻断,然后在加入抗血清以前以0.2%Tween 20的PBS液洗涤孔四次,以含0.5%BSA,10%小牛血清和0.2%Triton X 100(抗体结合缓冲液)的双倍浓度PBS系列稀释该抗血清。于37℃培养1小时后,将该板再次洗涤。在抗体结合缓冲液中,以适当稀释的亲和提纯抗人IgG辣根过氧化酶,于37℃培养30分钟检测结合的IgG。洗涤之后,该板用3,3′,5,5′四甲基联苯胺(TMB),0.01%过氧化物,于pH5在暗室中显色。加入2M硫酸停止显色,将该板于450μm/630nm波长处测其读数。
将BSA结合肽noCCap和riCCap涂复于ELISA平板上,试验中国丙型肝炎患者的抗血清,其结果归纳于下表中。每种情况下均观察到该衣壳状的正常形式和倒转-反赂形式之间的交叉反应,而就1号血清来说,该倒转-反向肽比起正常肽的放价更高。
实施例12
HIV诊断肽
来自人免疫缺陷病毒的包膜蛋白的肽
合成下述基于人免疫缺陷病毒的包膜蛋白的579-611残基的两种肽:
no HIVgp41(579-611) H-Arg-Ilc-Leu-Ala-Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp-Gly-Aba-Ser-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ilc-Aba-Thr-Thr-Ala-Val-Pro-Trp-Asn-Cys-OH
riHIVgp41(579-611) H-Cys-asn-trp-pro-val-ala-thr-thr-cys(acm)ile-leu-lys-Gly-scr-cys(Acm)Gly-trp-ile-Gly-leu-leu-gln-gln-asp-lys-leu-tyr-arg-glu-val-ala-leu-ile-arg-NH2
noHIVgp41(579-611)的合成在以Fmoc-Cys(trt)予先酯化的聚酰胺PepsynKA树脂上进行,而riHIVgp41(579-611)在Polyhipe Rink树脂上进行。侧链保护基团使用如下:三苯甲基用于末端半胱氨酸,谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺,叔丁基用于丝氨酸,苏氨酸,天冬氨酸,谷氨酸及酪氨酸,叔丁氧基羰基用于赖氨酸和而2,2,5,7,8-五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-硫酰基用于精氨酸。在noHIVgp41(579-611)中半胱氨酸由氨基丁酸(Aba)代替,而在riHIVgp41(579-611)中则由用带有硫氢基团的乙酰氨甲基(Acm)保护的半胱氨酸来代替。将肽树脂与1M溴代三甲基甲硅烷-硫代茴香醚的TFA(含0.25Ml,2-乙二硫醇),于0℃反应90分钟来裂解和去除侧链保护基(Yazima等人,1988)。半胱氨酸的乙酰氨甲基(Acm)保护由此法不能除去。按实施例2所述将该两肽与BSA结合。
实施例13
来自人免疫缺陷病毒的gp41的肽
根据人免疫缺陷病毒的gp41蛋白序列735-752,合成下述两种肽:
no HIVgp41(735-753) H-Tyr-Asp-Arg-Pro-Glu-Gly-Ile-Glu-Glu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Glu-Arg-Asp-Arg-Asp-Arg-Scr-NH2
ri HIVgp41(735-753) H-scr-arg-asp-arg-arg-glu-Gly-Gly-glu-glu-glu-ile-Gly-glu-pro-arg-asp-tyr-NH2
两种肽均在Polyhipe Rink树脂上合成。侧链保护基的使用如下:叔丁基用于丝氨酸,天冬氨酸,谷氨酸和酪氨酸,而2,2,5,7,8-五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-硫酰基用于精氨酸。将肽树脂与含0.25Ml,2-乙二硫醇的TFA中,与1M溴化三甲基甲硅烷-硫代茴香醚,于0℃反应90分钟,使之裂解及去除侧链保护基(Yajima等人,1988)。并使其与α-亚氨基硫代烷·HCl(α-iminothiolane.HCl,即Traut试剂)反应,将硫氢基基团引入这些肽的N末端(Jue.R等人,1978)。按实施例2所述,将这些肽与BSA结合。
将PVC微滴平板的各孔涂复以溶解于稀碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐缓冲液(pH9.6)中的适当抗原(0.05-1μg/每孔),并培养过夜(于4℃)。吸出之后,通过以含20%小牛血清的碳酸盐/碳酸氩盐缓冲液(pH9.6),于37℃培养1小时使其阻断,加入抗血清前该各孔用0.2%Tween 20的PBS液洗涤4次,将抗血清以含0.5%BSA,10%小牛血清和0.2%Triton X 100的双倍浓度PBS(抗体结合缓冲液)进行系列稀释。于37℃培养1小时后,将该板再次洗涤。在抗体结合缓冲液中,用适当稀释的亲和纯化抗人IgG辣根过氧化酶,于37℃培养30分钟检测结合的IgG。洗涤之后,将该板于pH5,在暗室中用3,3′,5,5′四甲基联苯胺(TMB),0.01%过氧化物显色。加入2M硫酸停止显色,然后于450nm/630nm波长处读数。
将实施例12的BSA结合肽noHIVgp41(579-611),riHIVgp41(579-611),以及本实施例的noHIVgp41(735-753)和riHIVgp41(735-753)涂复于ELISA板上,在中国试验来自HIV阳性血清患者的抗血清。将结果归纳于下表中,每种情况下,均观察到gp41肽的正常形式及反转-变型形式之间的交叉反应。
实施例14
抗相应于乙型肝炎病毒表面蛋白质的残基126-137的肽序列的抗体产生和抗体活性分析
根据乙型肝炎病毒表面蛋白质残基126-137合成下述两种肽:
no HBV-S(126-137) H-Cys-Lys-Thr-Pro-Ala-Gln-Gly-Asn-Ser-Met-Tyr-Pro-Ser-OH
ri HBV-S(126-137) H-Lys-ser-pro-tyr-met-ser-asn-Gly-gln-ala-pro-thr-thr-Cys-OH
noHBV-s(126-137)的合成在用Fmoc-Ser(tBu)予先酯化的聚酰胺PepsynKA树脂上进行,而riHBV-s(126-137)在用Fmoc-Cys(trt)予酯化的聚酰胺PepsgnKA树脂上进行。赖氨酸不是HBV序列的部份,但引入它增加溶解性。侧链保护基的使用如下:三苯甲基用于半胱氨酸,谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺,叔丁基用于丝氨酸,苏氨酸和酷氨酸,而叔丁氧基羰基用于赖氨酸。将肽树脂与加有0.25ml1,2-乙二硫醇,0.5ml硫代茴香醚,0.5ml水和0.75g苯酚的10ml TFA,于室温下反应90分钟,使肽从树脂上裂解并除去保护基。
将noHBV-s(126-137)结合于KLH上,并且将两种肽分别结合于BSA上。
将KLH结合物于Freund完全佐剂(1∶1)中配成乳液,按如下方案给White Swiss鼠接种:
第0天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(完全Freund's)。
第10天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
第20天:腹膜注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
最后一次注射后5天从鼠(每组4只)的后眼窝血管丛抽血,将血浆用于ELISA分析,在ELISA中使用涂复以适当的肽-BSA结合物(1μg/每孔)的微滴平板。
这些结果在图8中用图形表示。
实施例15
抗相应于乙型肝炎病毒表面蛋白的残基126-137的肽序列的抗体产生及抗体活性分析
根据乙型肝炎病毒的表面蛋白的残基126-137合成下列肽:
noHBV-S(126-137) H-Thr-Thr-Pro-Ala-Gln-Gly-Asn-Ser-Met-Tyr-Pro-Ser-OH
潜在的T细胞抗原决定簇选自表面蛋白残基20-33:
H-Phe-Leu-Leu-Thr-Arg-lie-Leu-Thr-lie
Pro-Gln-Ser-Leu-Asp-OH
这些肽在MAP(多抗原肽)树脂上合成,该MAP树脂带有8个肽分支,通过赖氨酸连接到各MAP核上,各核再偶联到由乙酰氨基甲基保护的半胱氨酸上。侧链保护基使用如下:三苯甲基用于谷氨酰和天冬酰胺,叔丁基用于丝氨酸,苏氨酸,天冬氨酸和酪氨酸,而2,2,5,7,8五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-硫酰基用于精氨酸。将该连有肽的树脂与加有0.25ml乙二硫醇,0.5ml硫代茴香醚,0.5ml水和0.75g苯酚的10ml TFA,于室温下反应90分钟,将no HBV-S(126-137)肽裂解下来,并去除倒链保护基。而潜在的T细胞抗原决定簇的裂解和除侧逻保护基则是通过将肽树脂与含0.25M1,2-乙二硫醇的代三甲基甲硅烷-硫代茄香醚的TFA液反应(0℃)90分钟完成的(Yajima等人,1988)。
两个MAP,noHBV-S(126-137)和潜在T细胞抗原决定簇的二聚反应,是按Tam和Lu(1989)的方法,于乙酸中,将其按等摩尔量用碘氧化成二硫代物来完成的。
将上面的构件在Freund完全佐剂中(1∶1)配成乳剂,按下述方案给White Swiss鼠接种:
第0天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳剂(完全Freund's)
第10天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
第20天:腹膜注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
将鼠(每组4只)经后眼窝血管丝抽血样(最后一次注射后五天抽取),将该血清进行ELISA分析,该分析中使用以均结合于BSA上的no-HBV-S(126-137)或ri-HBV-S(126-137)涂复(1μg/每孔)的微滴平板。
这些结果在图10中以图形表示。
实施例16
抗相应于乙型肝炎病毒PreS蛋白的残基127-140肽序列的抗体产生和抗体活性分析
根据乙型肝炎病毒PreS蛋白126-137残基合成眄述两种肽:
no HBV-PreS(127-140) H-Phe-His-Gln-Thr-Leu-Gln-Asp-Pro-Arg-Val-Arg-Gly-Leu-Tyr-Cys-OH
ri HBV-PreS(127-140) H-Cys-tyr-leu-Gly-arg-val-arg-pro-asp-gln-leu-thr-gln-his-phe-NH2
noHBV-PreS(127-140)的合成在以Fmoc Cys(trt)预酯化的聚酰胺PepsynKA树脂上进行,而riHBV-preS(127-140)的合成在Polyhipe Rink树脂上进行。侧链保护基的使用如下:三苯甲基用于半胱氨酸、组氨酸和谷氨酰胺。叔丁基用于苏氨酸,天冬氨酸和酪氨酸,而2,2,5,7,8五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-硫酰基用于精氨酸。将肽树脂与含0.25M1,2-乙二硫醇的1M溴代三甲基甲硅烷-硫代茴香醚的TFA液反应(0℃下)90分钟,完成裂解和除去侧链保护基(Yajima等,1988)。
将两种肽分别结合于KLH或BSA上。
将KLH结合物于Freund完全佐剂中(1∶1)配成乳剂,根据如下方案,将其给Whitc Swiss鼠接种。
第0天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(完全Freund's)。
第10天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
第20天:腹膜注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
最后一次注射后5天,从鼠(每组4只)的后眼窝血管丛抽取血样,该血清用于ELISA分析,该分析使用涂复上述结合BSA的适当肽(1μg/每孔)的微滴平板。
这些结果城图11中以图形表示。
实施例17
抗相应于乙型肝炎病毒的PreS蛋白的127-140残基的肽序列的抗体产生及抗体活性分析
根据乙型肝炎病毒PreS蛋白的127-140残基合成下述肽:
noHBV-PreS(127-140) H-Phe-His-Gln-Thr-Leu-Gln-Asp-Pro-Arg-Val-Arg-Gly-Leu-Tyr-OH
潜在的T细胞抗原决定簇选自PreS蛋白残基54-64
H-Trp-Pro-Asp-Ala-Asn-Lys-Val-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Phe-Gly-OH
这些肽在MAP(多抗原肽)树脂上合成,该树脂带有8个肽分支,它们通过赖氨酸连于各MAP核上,各核再与乙酰氨基甲基基团保护的半胱氨酸偶联。侧链保护基的使用如下:三苯甲基用于组氨酸,谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺,叔丁基用于苏氨酸和天冬氨酸,叔丁氧基羰基用于赖氨酸,而2,2,5,7,8-五甲基苯并二氢吡喃-6-硫酰基用于精氨酸。将肽树脂与含0.25M1,2-乙二硫醇的1M溴代三甲基甲硅烷-硫代茴香醚的TFA液,于0℃反应90分钟,使noHBV-PreS(127-140)裂解下来,并去除侧链保护基。而潜在的T细胞抗原决定簇的裂介和侧链去保护基作用则是通过将肽树脂与1,2-乙二硫醇(5%体积)和水(5%体积)的TFA液,于室温下反应90分钟来完成的。
二个MAP、noHBV-PreS(127-140)和潜在的T细胞抗原决定簇的二聚反应,是按Tam和Lu方法(1989),在乙酸中,以等摩尔的量,用碘将其氧化成二硫化物后完成的。
将上述构件在Freund完全佐剂(1∶1)中配成乳剂,并将其给White Swiss鼠接种,方案如下:
第0天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(完全Freund's)。
第10天:皮下注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
第20天:腹膜注射20μg肽的100μl乳液(非完全Freund's)
最后一次注射后5天,将鼠(每组4只)从后眼窝血管丛抽取血样,该血清用于ELISA分析,该分析使用以1μg/每孔noHBV-PreS(127-140)或riHBV-PreS(127-140)(二肽均与BSA结合)涂更的微滴平板。
这些结果在图12中以图形表示。
工业应用:
根据本发明的抗原类似物,在宿主体内诱导致免疫反应方面颇具应用潜力。这些抗原类似物可用于治疗和/或予防疾病及药物传送,以及疾病发作时用于治疗。具体说来,这些抗原类似物可用于包括人在内的动物体内作为疫苗,使之得到保护不受病原体等侵害。
此外,该合成抗原类似物,可有效地用作诊断工具,用于检测是否存在抗天然抗原的抗体,或将之用于研究工作中,例如探索抗原-抗体识别作用,特异性,抗原性以及致免疫反应诸问题。
抗本发明抗原类似物的抗体可用于诊断目的(其中需检测样品中的天然抗原),或将该抗体用于治疗和/或予防该抗体能中和的疾病,或用于输送药物。
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Claims (19)
1、一种天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物,该类似物就该天然抗原来说,是经部分或完全反转修饰过的。
2、一种天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物,该类似物就该天然抗原来说,是部分或完全经变型修饰过的。
3、一种天然肽抗原的合成肽抗原类似物,该类似物就该天然抗原来说是经部分或完全反转-变型修饰过的。
4、根据权利要求3的抗原类似物,其中反转-变型序列侧面的氨基酸残基由α取代的孪位-二氨基甲烷和丙二酸侧链类似物代替。
5、根据权利要求1-4任意之一项的合成肽抗原类似物,将其用于对免疫活性宿主免疫接种。
6、如权利要求1-5任意之一项限定的抗原类似物,其中所述天然抗原是天然出现的多肽或其抗原片断。
7、如权利要求1-6任意之一项限定的抗原类似物,其中所述抗原类似物是如下的类似物:P.falciparum子孢子的环子孢子包被蛋白质的免疫显性抗原决定簇;或diphtheria毒素抗原;或robustoxin;或肝炎病毒抗原,或HIV抗原。
8、根据权利要求2或3的抗原类似物,该类似物能产生比相应的天然抗原获得的免疫反应持续时间更长的免疫反应。
9、含根据权利要求1-8之一项的抗原类似物以及药物学上可接受的载体,稀释剂,赋型剂和/或佐剂的疫苗。
10、含根据权利要求1-8任意之一项的抗原类似物的疫苗,其中将其与适宜的载体分子相结合而对宿主给药。
11、含根据权利要求3的抗原类似物的疫苗,其中所述类似物是抗原决定性类似物,并且该类似物是经对C和N末端保护性修饰过的。
12、抗根据权利要求1-8任意之一项的抗原类似物的抗体,或根据权利要求9-11任意之一项的疫苗。
13、给需要免疫处置的宿主免疫接种的方法,包括给宿主施用有效量的根据权利要求1-8任意之一项的抗原类似物,或根据权利要求9-12任意一项的疫苗。
14、含根据权利要求12的抗体或根据权利要求1-8任一项的抗原类似物以及阳性和阴性对照标准物的诊断药盒。
15、制备天然肽抗原的抗原类似物的方法,包括合成该天然肽抗原的部分或完全反转,变型或反转-变型的类似物。
16、制备抗天然肽抗原的疫苗的方法,包括提供该天然肽抗原的反转,变型,反转-变型类似物,并将有效量的该类似物与药物学上或兽医学上可接受的载体,稀释剂,赋型剂和/或佐剂相混合。
17、根据权利要求15的方法,该方法另外还包括将抗原类似物与适当的载体分子相结合。
18、分析样品中天然肽抗原的方法,包括使用根据权利要求12的能识别该抗原的抗体。
19、分析样品中抗体的方法,包括使用根据权利要求1-8之任意一项的,能与该抗体结合的抗原类似物。
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IT1216908B (it) | 1987-03-19 | 1990-03-14 | Eniricerche Spa | Analoghi retro-inversi della timopentina e dei suoi frammenti, il metodo per la loro sintesi ed il loro impiego per la preparazionedi composizioni farmaceutiche. |
FR2615104B1 (fr) * | 1987-05-14 | 1989-08-18 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Nouvelle protease de plasmodium falciparum, anticorps diriges contre cette protease, substrats peptidiques specifiques de ladite protease, et leur utilisation comme medicament contre le paludisme |
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US5000952A (en) | 1988-08-02 | 1991-03-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford, Jr. University | Polypeptide pertussis toxin vaccine |
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IT1227907B (it) * | 1988-12-23 | 1991-05-14 | Eniricerche S P A Milano Sclav | Procedimento per la sintesi di peptidi retro-inversi e nuovi intermediin tale procedimento |
GB2228262B (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1992-10-07 | Nat Inst Immunology | Antigenic derivative of gnrh |
IT1230733B (it) * | 1989-06-30 | 1991-10-29 | Eniricerche Spa | Analoghi della timopentina retro invertita a tutti i legami, il metodo per la loro sintesi ed il loro impiego per la preparazione di composizioni farmaceutiche. |
KR940000755B1 (ko) * | 1990-02-16 | 1994-01-29 | 유나이티드 바이오메디칼 인코오포레이티드 | Hcv에 대한 항체 검출, hcv 감염의 진단 및 백신으로서의 그 예방에 특히 적합한 합성 펩티드 |
GB9005829D0 (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1990-05-09 | Proteus Biotech Ltd | Synthetic polypeptides |
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US6261569B1 (en) | 1992-08-27 | 2001-07-17 | Deakin Research Limited | Retro-, inverso- and retro-inverso synthetic peptide analogues |
-
1993
- 1993-08-27 US US08/909,551 patent/US6261569B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-27 HU HU9500571A patent/HUT71860A/hu unknown
- 1993-08-27 JP JP50667194A patent/JP4116072B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-27 KR KR1019950700754A patent/KR950702839A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-27 AT AT93918788T patent/ATE258188T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-27 BR BR9306984A patent/BR9306984A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-27 NZ NZ255256A patent/NZ255256A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-27 AU AU49346/93A patent/AU667578B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-08-27 DE DE69333397T patent/DE69333397T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-27 WO PCT/AU1993/000441 patent/WO1994005311A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-08-27 CA CA002143823A patent/CA2143823C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-27 CN CN93118322A patent/CN1091138A/zh active Pending
- 1993-08-27 EP EP93918788A patent/EP0667786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-02-24 OA OA60615A patent/OA10129A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102224168A (zh) * | 2008-11-19 | 2011-10-19 | 于利希研究中心有限公司 | 用于生产抗淀粉状蛋白β肽抗体的含有D-肽的组合物 |
CN102224168B (zh) * | 2008-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 于利希研究中心有限公司 | 用于生产抗淀粉状蛋白β肽抗体的含有D-肽的组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9306984A (pt) | 1999-01-12 |
US6261569B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
OA10129A (en) | 1996-12-18 |
EP0667786A1 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
HUT71860A (en) | 1996-02-28 |
ATE258188T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
AU667578B2 (en) | 1996-03-28 |
HU9500571D0 (en) | 1995-04-28 |
JPH08500829A (ja) | 1996-01-30 |
JP4116072B2 (ja) | 2008-07-09 |
NZ255256A (en) | 1997-02-24 |
DE69333397D1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
KR950702839A (ko) | 1995-08-23 |
EP0667786A4 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
WO1994005311A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
CA2143823C (en) | 2005-07-26 |
DE69333397T2 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
AU4934693A (en) | 1994-03-29 |
CA2143823A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
EP0667786B1 (en) | 2004-01-21 |
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