CN109042542A - A kind of method of meridic diet breeding Propylaea japonica - Google Patents
A kind of method of meridic diet breeding Propylaea japonica Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种半人工饲料繁育龟纹瓢虫的方法，采用人工饲料和蚜虫共同饲养模式，所述人工饲料由以下重量份的原料制成：水20‑30份、黏虫粉3‑5份、酵母粉1‑3份、蜂蜜1‑3份、蚜虫粉1‑2份、蔗糖0.5‑1.5份、琼脂0.2‑0.4份、橄榄油0.02‑0.06份、抗坏血酸0.02‑0.06份、尼泊金甲酯0.02‑0.04份、山梨酸钾0.02‑0.04份、韦氏盐0.04‑0.06份、复合维生素B 0.005‑0.015份。采用本发明的方法，在节省71.3％天然饵料的情况下，能够使龟纹瓢虫正常生长发育和繁殖，从而起到降低生产成本，实现龟纹瓢虫的大规模扩繁。
The invention discloses a method for breeding chelonian ladybugs with a semi-artificial feed. The artificial feed and aphids are fed together. The artificial feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of water, 3-3 parts of armyworm powder 5 parts, 1-3 parts of yeast powder, 1-3 parts of honey, 1-2 parts of aphid powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of sucrose, 0.2-0.4 parts of agar, 0.02-0.06 parts of olive oil, 0.02-0.06 parts of ascorbic acid, Nepalese Gold methyl ester 0.02-0.04 part, potassium sorbate 0.02-0.04 part, Webster's salt 0.04-0.06 part, vitamin B complex 0.005-0.015 part. By adopting the method of the invention, under the condition of saving 71.3% of natural bait, the ladybug can grow and reproduce normally, thereby reducing the production cost and realizing the large-scale propagation of the ladybug.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the artificial culture technology fields of natural enemy insect, and in particular to a kind of meridic diet breeding moire wooden dipper
The method of worm.
Background technique
Propylaea japonica (Propylaea japonica Thunberg) is under the jurisdiction of coleoptera (Coleoptera) Coccinellidae
(Coccinellidae), Propylaea japonica category (Propylaea) is distributed widely in China's most area, Japan, Russia, court
The states such as fresh, Vietnam, Bhutan, India.Propylaea japonica can prey on a variety of aphids on various crops, vegetables, fruit tree and forest, certain
Ovum, low instar larvae (nymph) and the two-spotted spider mite of a little Lepidopteras and Homoptera insect, wood louse adult and the loose aphid of black pine etc. are more
Kind pest, wherein most happiness predation aphid (Song Huiying etc., 1988；Pang Hong, 1991；Once great waves etc., 2000；Wang Shuhui etc., 2014；Late
Every household etc., 2017), and Propylaea japonica have the characteristics that heavy, oviposition is more, adaptable, high temperature resistant, year generation it is more
(Wei Jianhua etc., 1983；Song Huiying etc., 1988), therefore be the important predatory natural enemy insect of one of China's agricultural production.
Into after 21 century, the nuisanceless, ecological agriculture has become the mainstream of world agriculture development, and the natural enemy of agricultural pests
The anti-rules for the treatment of are the effective ways realized green agriculture, ensure its sustainable development.If there is mature man-made feeds or raising
Expanding propagation method can preferably realize the large-scale breeding of Propylaea japonica, and then be used for biological control.However, the expansion in ladybug is numerous
At present be still based on the natural prey raising such as aphid in method, the production cycle is long, volume exclusion is big, feeding cost it is high and
It is big by season environmental influence.And man-made feeds are only limitted to the raising of larval phase, in adult stage man-made feeds breeding process,
It is few or situations such as do not lay eggs there are egg laying amount, constrain the vast propagation of Propylaea japonica.
Main to the research of the man-made feeds of Propylaea japonica feed useful animal's liver (Liu with first etc., 2017；Intazar
Ali et al., 2016), drone pupae (Shen Zhi really etc., 1989), Trichogramma Pupae (Cao Aihua etc., 1994；Guo Jianying etc., 2001),
Rice moth egg (Guo Jianying etc., 2001), Mediterranean flour moth ovum (Kenji et al., 2006), fly maggot, yellow meal worm powder (Wang Lina
Deng 2008), lepidopterous larvae (Wang Hong support etc., 2009) etc. as feed, raise Propylaea japonica in laboratory conditions.It grinds
Study carefully in the man-made feeds of discovery Propylaea japonica insect source feed better than non-insect source feed, and the Hymenoptera in the feed of insect source and
Lepidopterous insects feeding effect is better than coleopteron.In more insect source feed at present, powder underworld ovum, drone pupae and red
Eye bee pupa is not easy to obtain, and Lepidoptera low instar larvae polypide is small, needs a large amount of worm sources, and the amount of labour is big, and ladybug low instar larvae
It is not easy to prey on, causes the low instar larvae death rate high, and man-made feeds raising ladybug does not lay eggs or egg laying amount in the adult stage at present
It is few.In this situation, it is badly in need of a kind of aphid stored frozen method to reduce the influence of season environment；And it improves feed to match
Side, the mass rearing of Propylaea japonica is realized in conjunction with natural bait.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, a kind of the first purpose of the invention is to provide ingredients relatively easy, raw material
It is easy to get, the man-made feeds of suitable Propylaea japonica growth and development.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for refrigerating aphid, to reduce in summer, winter or aphid
When, it is supplied to natural enemy feeding.
Third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of meridic diet breeding Propylaea japonica, using man-made feeds
With the common yard feeding pattern of aphid, while saving a large amount of natural baits, and it is able to achieve the extensive, long-term of test worm, subculture feeding
It supports.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of man-made feeds, is made of raw material from the following weight:
20-30 parts of water, 3-5 parts of armyworm powder, 1-3 parts of yeast powder, 1-3 parts of honey, 1-2 parts of aphid powder, sucrose 0.5-1.5
Part, 0.2-0.4 parts of agar, 0.02-0.06 parts of olive oil, 0.02-0.06 parts of ascorbic acid, 0.02-0.04 parts of methylparaben,
0.02-0.04 parts of potassium sorbate, 0.04-0.06 parts of Webster salt, 0.005-0.015 parts of vitamin B compound.
Preferably, the man-made feeds are made of raw material from the following weight:
25 parts of water, 4 parts of armyworm powder, 2 parts of yeast powder, 2 parts of honey, 1.25 parts of aphid powder, 1 part of sucrose, 0.37 part of agar, olive
Olive oil 0.04 part, 0.04 part of ascorbic acid, 0.03 part of methylparaben, 0.03 part of potassium sorbate, 0.05 part of Webster salt, compound dimension
Raw 0.01 part of B of element.
The second aspect of the present invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned man-made feeds, comprising the following steps:
(1) five to six age armyworms are taken, cryogenic freezing is smashed, again cryogenic freezing, and aphid is added, smashes, is sticked again
Worm powder and aphid powder；
(2) agar and water are mixed, heating mixes, be added after cooling armyworm powder, aphid powder, yeast powder, honey, sucrose,
Olive oil, ascorbic acid, methylparaben, potassium sorbate, Webster salt and vitamin B compound, stir evenly to get.
Preferably, in step (1), the aphid is the aphid of freezing.Due to aphid very little itself, individually aphid is smashed
It is relatively difficult.The present invention first smashes armyworm, then adds aphid and is smashed, and obtains the mixed powder of armyworm powder and aphid powder
Material.In this way first is that being conducive to smashing for aphid；Second is that be conducive to armyworm and aphid mixing it is more uniform；In addition, armyworm passes through
Secondary smash can make soft exquisiteness, be more suitable insect's food-taking.
Preferably, in step (1), cryogenic freezing temperature is -20 DEG C.
Preferably, it in step (2), after agar and water are mixed, is mixed using microwave heating.
Application of the above-mentioned man-made feeds in the mass rearing of Propylaea japonica is also protection scope of the present invention.
The third aspect of the present invention provides a kind of processing method for refrigerating aphid, comprising the following steps: after acquisition aphid,
By aphid 50-60 DEG C water-bath 6-10 minutes, dry moisture, refrigerate.
Preferably, by aphid 55 DEG C water-bath 8 minutes.
Aphid hemolymph melanism can be effectively prevented using above-mentioned processing method, to improve fresh-keeping quality.
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of meridic diet breeding Propylaea japonica, comprising the following steps:
(1) in one age of Propylaea japonica larval phase, two age grade sections, every is added enough above-mentioned man-made feeds, is moistened with daily
Cotton balls, both ends refrigeration aphid or the both ends living body aphid of glucose water；
(2) in three ages, four age grade sections, every is added enough above-mentioned man-made feeds and is moistened with the cotton of glucose water daily
Ball；
(3) in Propylaea japonica Adults phase, the daily every cotton balls for adding enough above-mentioned man-made feeds, being moistened with glucose water
With eight living body aphids.
Preferably, in step (1), the refrigeration aphid is to obtain by the following method:
In the aphid high-incidence season, aphid living is collected, 55 DEG C after water-bath 8 minutes, are dried moisture, -20 DEG C of refrigerations.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention devises a kind of man-made feeds formula for being more suitable for Propylaea japonica growth first, and of the invention is artificial
In feed, select armyworm as basic feed, and form with substances compatibilities such as yeast powder, honey, aphid powder, sucrose, agar.Its
In, armyworm is easily raised, and other components are easy to buy, and the preparation method of man-made feeds is simple.Man-made feeds cooperation of the invention is few
Aphid is measured, nutriment needed for can satisfy Propylaea japonica development during the feeding process can make survival rate of larvae
(80.8%) reach the level close with (82.5%) is compareed, and man-made feeds are solid dosage forms, be suitable for Propylaea japonica children
Worm feeding.Adult stage adds aphid raising that can largely lay eggs using man-made feeds, achievees the purpose that expand breeding group.
(2) a kind of processing method for refrigerating aphid has also been devised in the present invention, solves in traditional cold storage procedure because there is elder brother
Worm hemolymph melanism and the problem of influence ladybug feeding, can be when summer, winter or aphid be reduced, being capable of sustainable supply natural enemy
Feeding.
(3) man-made feeds and the common yard feeding pattern of aphid are used, (average every wooden dipper while saving a large amount of natural baits
Worm aphid consumption is reduced to 290 or so by 1000 or so), and it is able to achieve the extensive, long-term of test worm, continuously rearing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: the raising and collection process of armyworm.
Fig. 2: armyworm and the process of cooking machine formula feed are utilized.
Fig. 3: the freezing aphid after different disposal；Wherein, A is the freezing pea tail reparing aphid after water-bath, and B is that no water-bath is straight
The pea tail reparing aphid of freezing is connect, C is the radish aphid after water-bath freezing.
Fig. 4: Propylaea japonica Adults eat aphid amount daily.
Fig. 5: aphid raising and meridic diet raising Propylaea japonica oviposition situation.
Fig. 6: Propylaea japonica feeding man-made feeds situation.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
As described in background technique, on the expanding propagation method of ladybug, be still in the prior art with aphid etc. from
Based on right prey raising, production cycle length, volume exclusion are big, and feeding cost is high and big by season environmental influence.And it is artificial
Feed is only limitted to the raising of larval phase, and in adult stage man-made feeds breeding process, there are egg laying amount is few or the feelings such as do not lay eggs
Condition constrains the vast propagation of Propylaea japonica.Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of expand for Propylaea japonica it is numerous
The method of man-made feeds, the chilling treatment method of aphid and meridic diet breeding Propylaea japonica, it is natural saving 71.3%
In the case where bait, Propylaea japonica normal growth and development and breeding can be made, to play reduction production cost, realize moire wooden dipper
The vast propagation of worm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, give a kind of ingredient is relatively easy, raw material is easy to get, be suitable for Propylaea japonica
The man-made feeds of growth and development, are made of raw material from the following weight:
20-30 parts of water, 3-5 parts of armyworm powder, 1-3 parts of yeast powder, 1-3 parts of honey, 1-2 parts of aphid powder, sucrose 0.5-1.5
Part, 0.2-0.4 parts of agar, 0.02-0.06 parts of olive oil, 0.02-0.06 parts of ascorbic acid, 0.02-0.04 parts of methylparaben,
0.02-0.04 parts of potassium sorbate, 0.04-0.06 parts of Webster salt, 0.005-0.015 parts of vitamin B compound.
The man-made feeds are prepared by the following method:
(1) manually feed or maize seedling raise armyworm, take five to six age armyworms, -20 DEG C of low temperature freezings.
(2) freezing armyworm is put into nine positive cooking machines, smashed.- 20 DEG C of freezings again, add aphid to smash again.
(3) armyworm powder, aphid powder, sucrose, yeast powder, honey, olive oil, methylparaben, potassium sorbate, anti-bad is weighed
Hematic acid, vitamin B compound, Webster salt, as A group substance；
(4) water and agar are mixed, microwave stove heating 40s, shakes up and continues to heat 40s.
(5) agar water shakes up, and is cooled to 60 DEG C or so, A group substance is mixed into, with blender, heating stirring is uniform.
(6) feed prepared pours into multiple capsules, and refrigerator freezing preservation is put into after cooling.
Man-made feeds of the invention are basal feed of the selection armyworm as ladybug on the basis of lepidopterous larvae, because
Armyworm feeding habits are miscellaneous, edible various gramineae plants, and man-made feeds formula is mature, and figure is very large；Relative to bollworm, beet
Other lepidopterous insects such as noctuid, armyworm without autotomy, can in small space mass propagation.Armyworm is raised using man-made feeds
It adds the materials such as yeast powder, sucrose, honey, olive oil and preservative to 5,6 instar larvaes, after grinds to be made, cooperation aphid is raised
Numerous effect is expanded in feeding acquirement well.
Man-made feeds of the invention cooperate a small amount of aphid, battalion needed for can satisfy Propylaea japonica development during the feeding process
Substance is supported, survival rate of larvae (80.8%) can be made to reach the level close with (82.5%) is compareed, solid dosage forms is suitable for tortoise
Line ladybug feeding, but larval phase, is longer than aphid raising group.
In man-made feeds of the invention, armyworm is easily raised, and its man-made feeds is mature, and other components are easy to buy, and is prepared
Method is simple, adds a small amount of aphid that can meet the growth and development needs of Propylaea japonica larva, and the adult stage is added using man-made feeds
Aphid raising can largely lay eggs, and achieve the purpose that expand breeding group.
Since aphid is influenced by time environment very big, it is not easy to obtain in summer and winter, common refrigeration can be because of insect
Hemolymph melanism and the feeding for influencing ladybug.Therefore, the place of refrigeration aphid is given in another embodiment of the present invention
Reason method, comprising the following steps:
When aphid largely occurs, moisture, freezer compartment of refrigerator storage are dried in 55 DEG C water-bath 8 minutes after acquisition aphid.
It, can be with to improve fresh-keeping quality the research of the invention finds that hemolymph melanism can be effectively prevented after aphid water-bath
When summer, winter or aphid are reduced, it is supplied to natural enemy feeding.
In another embodiment of the invention, give meridic diet breeding Propylaea japonica method, including with
Lower step:
(1) first-instar young of hatching is moved into the glass tube of diameter 1cm high 10cm, blocks nozzle with tampon, prevents children
Worm climbs out of, be put into 26 ± 1 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 70 ± 10%, L:D=14:10 growth cabinet in, man-made feeds, which add, to be dipped in
There is the cotton balls of 5% glucose water, and every addition both ends freeze aphid daily in two age an of age, three ages, four ages are manually
Feed and glucose water raising.
(2) after sprouting wings, daily every enough man-made feeds of addition, be moistened with the cotton balls of glucose water and eight peas repair tail
Aphid.
(3) observation oviposition situation, takes ovum daily.
(4) after egg hatching, continuously rearing.
The present invention uses man-made feeds and the common yard feeding pattern of aphid, (average every while saving a large amount of natural baits
Head ladybug aphid consumption is reduced to 290 or so by 1000 or so), and it is able to achieve the extensive, long-term of test worm, subculture feeding
It supports.
In order to enable those skilled in the art can clearly understand the technical solution of the application, below with reference to tool
The technical solution of the application is described in detail in the embodiment of body.
Test material used in the embodiment of the present invention is the test material of this field routine, can pass through commercial channel
It is commercially available.
Embodiment 1: the preparation of Propylaea japonica man-made feeds
1. man-made feeds formula, is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Propylaea japonica man-made feeds formula
2. preparation method:
(1) armyworm is raised with maize seedling, takes five to six age armyworms, -20 DEG C of low temperature freezings.
(2) freezing armyworm is put into nine positive cooking machines, smashed.- 20 DEG C of freezings again, add aphid to smash again.
(3) the armyworm powder after smashing, aphid powder, sucrose, yeast powder, honey, olive oil, methylparaben, sorb are weighed
Sour potassium, ascorbic acid, vitamin B compound, Webster salt, as A group substance；
(4) water 25ml is added into 0.37 gram of agar, microwave stove heating 40 seconds, shakes up and continue heating 40 seconds.
(5) agar water shakes up, and is cooled to 60 DEG C or so, A group substance is mixed into, with blender, heating stirring is uniform.
(6) feed prepared pours into multiple capsules, and refrigerator freezing preservation is put into after cooling.
The raising of armyworm and collection process are shown in Fig. 1；Process using armyworm and cooking machine formula feed is shown in Fig. 2.
Embodiment 2: the chilling treatment method of aphid
The chilling treatment method of aphid is, when aphid largely occurs, 55 DEG C water-bath 8 minutes, dry water after acquisition aphid
Point, -20 DEG C of storages.Hemolymph melanism can be effectively prevented after aphid water-bath, to improve fresh-keeping quality.
It is very crucial to aphid progress water bath processing before chilling treatment, for this purpose, the present invention has carried out comparative test, as a result
See Fig. 3, A is the freezing pea tail reparing aphid after water-bath in Fig. 3, and B is the pea tail reparing aphid of no water-bath directly freezed, and C is water-bath
Radish aphid after freezing.As seen from Figure 3, the blackening reaction of aphid hemolymph can be effectively prevented after water-bath, be conducive to it is fresh-keeping,
It is more suitable for ladybug feeding.
The temperature of water-bath is very crucial, can influence the development duration of the Pediobius foveolatus of feeding, the present invention is to different temperatures
The influence for the development duration for feeding Pediobius foveolatus after the aphid freezing of water-bath is investigated, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: the development duration of Pediobius foveolatus is fed after the aphid freezing of different temperatures water-bath
It is learnt by 2 data of table, is freezed after water-bath, be conducive to the fresh-keeping of aphid.It is cold after water-bath when bath temperature is 55 DEG C
The development duration for freezing the larval phase of aphid feeding is most short, and effect is optimal, and the freezing aphid after water-bath can satisfy larva completely
Development needs, but after Propylaea japonica turns into adult, then feeding freezing aphid can make its oviposition few.So being used in experiment
Collocation man-made feeds breeding grub phase Propylaea japonica observes and records its growing process after the aphid freezing of 55 DEG C of water-baths 8 minutes.
Embodiment 3: meridic diet breeds Propylaea japonica
The present embodiment uses man-made feeds and the common yard feeding pattern of aphid, has primarily looked at different larval instar addition freezing aphid
Feed the fertility condition, each age survival rate of different larval instar addition aphid raising Propylaea japonica and Propylaea japonica larval phase of larva
Aphid amount and total amount are averagely eaten daily.As a result it is shown in Table 3, table 4, table 5 respectively.
Table 3: the fertility condition of different larval instar addition freezing aphid feeding larva
Table 4: different larval instar adds aphid and raises each age survival rate of Propylaea japonica
Table 5: Propylaea japonica larval phase, averagely eats aphid amount and total amount daily
After larval phase addition freezing aphid it can be seen from the above results, than individually manually feed raises development duration
Significant shortening, survival rate improve；Two age of one age adds 2 freezing aphids daily, and survival rate can reach control level, so
Freezing aphid method in both ends is added using, two age an of age daily, to reach with a small amount of natural bait, breeds the effect of natural enemy.
It is compared with Propylaea japonica larva artificial feed prepared by embodiment 1 with the feeding effect of pea tail reparing aphid.It will
The first-instar young of hatching moves into the glass tube of diameter 1cm high 10cm, blocks nozzle with tampon, prevents larva from climbing out of, is put into temperature
Degree 26 ± 1 DEG C, relative humidity 70 ± 10%, L:D=14:10 growth cabinet in, man-made feeds, which add, is moistened with 5% glucose water
Cotton balls, and two age an of age add daily both ends freezing aphid, 3 repetitions of every processing, every repetition for try larva 30.
The primary development of observation daily and survival condition, count each worm state development duration, until sprouting wings.Use aphid raising ladybug after emergence instead
Observe preoviposition period, egg laying amount.Analysis obtains its major vital table parameter (table 6), the results showed that, the moire of man-made feeds raising
The phase of going through of Pediobius foveolatus is longer than natural feed pea tail reparing aphid, and precocious stage survival rate, eclosion rate and contrast difference be not significant.
Larval phase, is raised using aphid plus man-made feeds, and in the case where saving 85% natural bait, (larval phase averagely disappears
Consumption 67 or so, man-made feeds consume 10 or so), larval phase go through the phase than merely manually feed raising significant shortening, than
It is long that the phase is gone through with the raising of pure aphid, but survival rate and control are not significantly different.
Adult stage, manually feed added the cotton balls for being moistened with 5% glucose water to add 8 living body aphids daily, was saving 70%
In the case where natural bait (it is 26.2 that female adult pest, which daily eats aphid amount, sees Fig. 4), egg laying amount (single female eggs on average 205
Grain) it is horizontal (see Fig. 5) close to control (single female eggs on average 226).Female adult average life span and male worm average life span are and naturally
Feed difference is significant, and the simple manually feed of effective solution is not laid eggs, and the problem high with aphid feeding cost.Moire
The process that ladybug eats man-made feeds is shown in Fig. 6.
To sum up, this research man-made feeds, which add a small amount of aphid, can meet the requirement of Propylaea japonica growth and development and breeding,
It is a kind of realistic plan, and a large amount of natural bait can be saved, plays and reduce amount of labour reduction feeding cost
Effect.
Table 6: the life table parameters of man-made feeds and natural feed raising Propylaea japonica
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
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| CN116918770A (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-10-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for artificially propagating ladybug |
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