CN108967750B - Method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with Tenebrio molitor feed containing Lentinus edodes - Google Patents
Method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with Tenebrio molitor feed containing Lentinus edodes Download PDFInfo
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有香菇菌糠的黄粉虫饲料繁育黄粉虫的方法，包括分开的干饲料、青饲料、多汁饲料，干饲料为香菇菌糠的破碎物与麦麸按质量比3∶7～5∶5配比的混合物，青饲料为菜叶，多汁饲料为新鲜苹果，青饲料、多汁饲料的含水量均为50～80％。本发明的优点是：1、利用香菇菌糠、菜场垃圾等有机废弃物为原料制备饲料饲喂繁育黄粉虫，黄粉虫发育情况良好，同时丰富了黄粉虫处理废弃物的种类；2、与平菇菌糠等其它种类的菌糠相比，香菇菌糠作为饲料原料更有利于黄粉虫初孵化幼虫的存活；3、降低了饲料成本，麦麸中混入的印度谷螟等鳞翅目昆虫数量也随之减少。
The invention discloses a method for breeding Tenebrio molitor on a mealworm feed containing Lentinus edodes, which comprises separate dry feed, green feed and juicy feed. The dry feed is the broken product of Lentinus edodes and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 3:7 The mixture in the ratio of ~5:5, the green fodder is vegetable leaves, the juicy fodder is fresh apple, and the water content of both the green fodder and the juicy fodder is 50-80%. The advantages of the present invention are: 1. Using organic wastes such as mushroom chaff, vegetable farm waste and other organic wastes as raw materials to prepare feed for feeding and breeding Tenebrio molitor. Compared with other types of mushroom bran, mushroom bran is more conducive to the survival of the newly hatched larvae of Tenebrio molitor as a feed material; 3. It reduces the cost of feed, and the number of lepidopteran insects such as Indian grain borer mixed in wheat bran also decreased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to tenebrio molitor breeding, in particular to a method for breeding tenebrio molitor by using tenebrio molitor feed prepared from mushroom bran.
Background
The mushroom is originated in east Asia region, is a large amount of edible mushroom species consumed worldwide, and according to data of China customs and national statistical bureau, in 2016, the dry mushroom is the first in place among varieties with export amount of more than 1 hundred million dollars in China. Since 2005, China has become the first major edible fungus producing country in the world, the yield accounts for more than 70% of the world, and the quantity of fungus bag residues (fungus chaffs) produced each year is huge due to the huge industrial base of edible fungi. Most of fungus chaff is discarded, buried or burned after the fungus bags are harvested, so that not only is resource waste caused, but also various environmental problems such as breeding of mould and pests, soil acidification, increase of harmful spores in air and the like can be caused, and therefore, the burying of the fungus chaff of the edible fungus becomes an important research subject in China.
The Tenebrio molitor (Tenebrio molitor) is originally produced in America, and after being introduced into China, the Tenebrio molitor has been raised in large scale in China due to the fact that the Tenebrio molitor is miscellaneous in feeding, simple in feeding and high in insect body protein content, and has good economic benefits. The organic garbage is treated by feeding and converting insects such as yellow mealworms, and the essence of the organic garbage is that the natural habits of the insects are utilized, and through abdominal conversion, the easily-deteriorated organic matters are converted into insect proteins and insect dung (organic fertilizer). In the aspect of processing edible fungus chaff by using yellow mealworms, a new feed for breeding yellow mealworm larvae (China, publication number: 101380064A, publication date: 2009-3-11) discloses that the feed raw materials contain oyster mushroom bran, a method for breeding yellow mealworms by using pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran (China, publication number: 105454663A, publication date: 2016-4-6) discloses that the yellow mealworms are bred by using pleurotus eryngii bran as the feed raw materials, a mixed feed of grass and ganoderma lucidum chaff for breeding adult yellow mealworms and a preparation method (China, publication number: 108029903A, publication date: 2018-5-15) disclose that the feed raw materials contain ganoderma lucidum chaff. In the aspect of processing fungus chaff by other insects, the black soldier fly feed prepared from organic waste and the method for breeding black soldier flies by the feed (the country: China, publication No. 108041283A, publication date: 2018-5-18) disclose the utilization of fungus chaff by the black soldier flies, but the black soldier flies like the feed with high temperature and high water content, and the yellow mealworms are suitable for the feed with lower temperature and drier, and the breeding regions of the two insects are greatly different from the preparation process of the two feeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for breeding yellow meal worms by using yellow meal worm feed prepared from organic waste such as mushroom residue, vegetable yard garbage and the like, wherein the yellow meal worm feed can utilize waste, meet the development of yellow meal worms, and obtain yellow meal worm bodies and worm manure resources.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for breeding yellow mealworms by yellow mealworms feed containing mushroom bran comprises the following steps:
step 100: preparing the tenebrio molitor feed, and separately preparing a dry feed, a green feed and a succulent feed for separate use;
step 200: laying egg collecting paper below a grid plate in an egg laying box, laying dry feed until the thickness of the dry feed is 0.5-1 cm, adding green feed and succulent feed, feeding adult tenebrio molitor on the grid plate, and laying eggs in materials below the grid plate; the green feed and the succulent feed are added in an amount meeting the daily food intake, and the dry feed, the green feed and the succulent feed are supplemented according to the food intake every day;
step 300: placing the egg collecting paper and the material containing the eggs in a larva feeding basin, controlling the environmental temperature to be (26 +/-1) DEG C, controlling the air relative humidity to be (55 +/-5)%, and incubating the eggs into larvae in succession under the conditions of 10L: 14D-14L: 10D photoperiod;
step 400: removing egg collecting paper from the larva feeding basin, keeping the materials containing the larvae on the egg collecting paper in the larva feeding basin, and additionally laying dry feed to the thickness of 2-3 cm; after hatching for 2 weeks, adding green feed, after hatching for 3 weeks, adding green feed and succulent feed, and crushing into feed with a length of not more than 1 cm; after 1 month of incubation, supplementing and laying dry feed with the thickness of 1cm, adding green feed and succulent feed, wherein the green feed and succulent feed are added in an amount meeting the daily food intake, and supplementing the dry feed, green feed and succulent feed according to the food intake every day; after incubation for 2 months, using a 16-18-mesh sieve to eliminate small individual larvae and insect manure materials, laying dry feed with the thickness of 2-3 cm again, adding green feed and succulent feed, wherein the input amount of the green feed and the succulent feed meets the food intake of the day, and supplementing the dry feed, the green feed and the succulent feed according to the food intake every day;
step 500: after 2 months and 2 weeks of incubation, collecting yellow mealworm pupae in succession, using a 10-12 mesh sieve to reserve larvae with larger size and better appearance as seed worms, replacing new feed for the seed worms and continuously feeding the larvae until the larvae pupate; after continuously feeding the seed insects for 2-3 weeks, the seed insects are eliminated and are no longer used as seed insects;
step 600: collecting and separately storing yellow mealworm pupas serving as seed worms every day, controlling the environmental temperature to be (26 +/-1) DEG C, controlling the air relative humidity to be (55 +/-5)%, and carrying out eclosion of the pupas into imagoes after one week under the conditions of 10L, 14D to 14D and 10D photoperiods, eliminating individuals with late eclosion and malformed individuals, transferring the other qualified individuals into a spawning box, and starting a new round of breeding;
wherein, the yellow mealworm feed comprises the following components: the dried feed is a mixture of crushed shiitake mushroom bran and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 3: 7-5: 5, the green feed is vegetable leaves, the succulent feed is fresh apples, and the water content of the green feed and the succulent feed is 50-80% by mass.
Furthermore, the crushed material of the mushroom fungus chaff is scrap formed by crushing the dried mushroom fungus chaff.
Most preferably, the crushed shiitake mushroom bran has a crumb diameter of not more than 0.3 cm.
Preferably, the mushroom fungus chaff is prepared by filling fungus bags with the following components in percentage by mass, collecting the mushroom fungus chaff from waste fungus bags after the mushroom fungus chaff is harvested: sawdust (78 +/-5)%, wheat bran (16 +/-3)%, corn flour (1.5 +/-0.5)%, sugar (1.5 +/-0.5)%, gypsum (2 +/-0.5)%, urea (0.5 +/-0.2)%, calcium superphosphate (0.5 +/-0.2)%, and the mass percentage content is 100 percent in total.
Preferably, in step 200, the mesh plate is 16-18 mesh.
In the step 200, green feed and succulent feed are crushed into 3-6 cm and fed.
Preferably, in step 300, egg collecting paper is collected from the egg box every 1-3 days according to the egg laying amount, and the eggs are hatched in stages.
Preferably, in the step 400, after incubation for 1 month, the green feed and the succulent feed are crushed into 3-6 cm and fed.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the feed prepared by using the organic wastes such as the mushroom residue, the vegetable field garbage and the like as raw materials is used for feeding and breeding the yellow mealworms, the yellow mealworms have good development condition, the types of the yellow mealworms for treating the wastes are enriched, potential environmental pollutants are converted into insect resources, and the reduction and resource reutilization of the wastes are realized;
2. experimental data show that compared with other mushroom bran such as oyster mushroom bran and the like, the mushroom bran serving as a feed raw material is more favorable for survival of larvae hatched primarily by tenebrio molitor;
3. the addition of the mushroom bran reduces the proportion of wheat bran in the dry feed, saves the conventional feed and reduces the feed cost; meanwhile, due to the reduction of the using amount of the wheat bran, the number of lepidoptera insects such as indian meal moth and the like mixed in the wheat bran is reduced, and the interference of actions such as pest feeding, spinning and cocooning on feed and the like on the development of yellow mealworms is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the breeding of Tenebrio molitor with the Tenebrio molitor feed of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, a tenebrio molitor feed containing mushroom bran comprises a dry feed, a green feed and a succulent feed which are prepared separately and taken separately.
The dry feed comprises crushed shiitake mushroom bran and wheat bran, and the mixture is formed by the crushed shiitake mushroom bran and the wheat bran according to the mass ratio of 3: 7-5: 5. The crushed mushroom fungus chaff is scrap with a crumb diameter not larger than 0.3cm, which is prepared by mixing, by mass, 78 +/-5 percent of wood dust, 16 +/-3 percent of wheat bran, 1.5 +/-0.5 percent of corn flour, 1.5 +/-0.5 percent of sugar, 2 +/-0.5 percent of gypsum, 0.5 +/-0.2 percent of urea and 0.5 +/-0.2 percent of calcium superphosphate, wherein the total content is 100 percent, filling fungus bags to produce mushrooms, harvesting the mushrooms after two rounds, abandoning the fungus bags, collecting the fungus chaffs from the abandoned fungus bags, drying the fungus chaffs in an air drying mode, and crushing the fungus chaffs by using a crusher and other equipment. The prepared dry feed is ventilated and stored at normal temperature.
The green feed is prepared by taking vegetable leaves and the like obtained from vegetable garbage and other sources in the same day according to the required amount, avoiding using rotten and deteriorated materials, and removing the additional excessive water by adopting the modes of airing on a net rack and the like to enable the water content to reach 50-80% (mass percentage content) for use.
Juicy feed is prepared by taking melon and fruit peels obtained from garbage in a vegetable field on the same day according to the required amount, avoiding using rotten and deteriorated materials, and removing the additional excessive moisture by adopting the modes of airing on a net rack and the like to enable the water content to reach 50-80% (mass percentage content) for use.
The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff comprises the following steps.
Step 100: the yellow mealworm feed is prepared, and dry feed, green feed and succulent feed are prepared separately for separate use.
Step 200: taking a wooden or plastic rectangular spawning box, wherein the lower part in the spawning box is provided with a 16-18-mesh grid plate, newspaper and the like are laid in the spawning box and below the grid plate to serve as spawning receiving paper, dry feed is laid on the spawning receiving paper, a layer of dry feed with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is uniformly stored on the grid plate, green feed and succulent feed are crushed into 3-6 cm and are dispersedly fed on the dry feed, and adult tenebrio molitor takes food on the grid plate by self and spawns in materials (the feed, feed residues, insect feces, adult limb and the like which are not taken food yet) below the grid plate; the green feed and the succulent feed are added in an amount meeting the food intake of the day, preferably after the food intake of the day is finished, and the dry feed, the green feed and the succulent feed are supplemented according to the food intake of the day.
Step 300: taking a wooden or plastic rectangular larva breeding pot, collecting egg collecting paper once every 1-3 days from an egg laying box according to egg laying amount, placing the egg collecting paper and materials containing insect eggs on the egg collecting paper in the larva breeding pot, adhering a date label on the pot so as to be convenient for stage hatching management, controlling the environmental temperature to be (26 +/-1) DEG C, controlling the air relative humidity to be (55 +/-5)%, and continuously hatching the insect eggs into larvae after 1 week under the condition of a 10L: 14D-14L: 10D photoperiod.
Step 400: when more larvae climb out of the egg collecting paper to find food, removing the egg collecting paper from the larva feeding basin, keeping the materials containing the larvae on the egg collecting paper in the larva feeding basin, supplementing and laying dry feed, and uniformly forming the thickness of 2-3 cm in the basin; after hatching for 2 weeks, adding green feed, after hatching for 3 weeks, adding green feed and succulent feed, and crushing into feed with a length of not more than 1 cm; after 1 month of incubation, supplementing and laying dry feed with the thickness of 1cm, adding green feed and succulent feed, wherein the input amount of the green feed and the succulent feed meets the food intake of the day, and supplementing the dry feed, the green feed and the succulent feed according to the food intake every day when the food intake of the day is finished; after incubation for 2 months, using a 16-18-mesh sieve to eliminate materials such as small individual larvae, insect feces and the like, laying dry feed again, uniformly forming the dry feed with the thickness of 2-3 cm in a basin, adding green feed and succulent feed, wherein the input amount of the green feed and the succulent feed meets the food intake of the day, and supplementing the dry feed, the green feed and the succulent feed according to the food intake every day. After incubation for 1 month, the feeding strength is improved along with the larvae, and green feed and succulent feed are crushed into 3-6 cm for feeding.
Step 500: after 2 months and 2 weeks of incubation, yellow mealworm pupae can be collected successively, and larvae with larger body types and better appearances are selected as seed worms; after 3 months of incubation, using a 10-12 mesh sieve to keep larvae with larger size and better appearance as breeding insects, sieving the rest larvae, and separating to obtain larva living products, larva molting and insect feces, wherein the eliminated larvae can be used as tenebrio molitor pupa products. And replacing new feed for the seed worms, continuously feeding the seed worms until the seed worms pupate, continuously feeding the seed worms for 2-3 weeks, preferably eliminating the seed worms without using the seed worms as the seed worms, and continuously feeding the seed worms to obtain yellow mealworm pupa products.
Step 600: collecting and separately storing yellow mealworm pupas serving as seed worms every day, controlling the environmental temperature to be (26 +/-1) DEG C, controlling the air relative humidity to be (55 +/-5)%, and carrying out eclosion of the pupas into imagoes after one week under the conditions of 10L: 14D-14L: 10D photoperiod, eliminating individuals with late eclosion and malformed individuals, transferring the other qualified individuals into a spawning box, and starting a new round of breeding.
1. The following is a comparative experiment of feeding yellow mealworm low-age larvae with different feeds.
1.1 Experimental materials
Air-drying pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff, oyster mushroom fungus chaff, pleurotus citrinopileatus fungus chaff, Auricularia fuscosuccinea fungus chaff and the mushroom fungus chaff of the invention, crushing the dried pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff and the mushroom fungus chaff by a crusher (10 seconds/time and 2 times), and sieving the crushed pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff and the mushroom fungus chaff by a 16-mesh sieve (the aperture is 1.25 mm); wheat bran (16 mesh screen). Tenebrio molitor larvae 15 days after spawning.
1.2 Experimental Environment
The ambient temperature (26 +/-1) DEG C, the air relative humidity (55 +/-5)%, 10L: 14D.
1.3 Experimental methods
1.3.1 respectively weighing 50.0 +/-0.1 g of wheat bran, pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff, oyster mushroom fungus chaff, pleurotus citrinopileatus fungus chaff, Auricularia fuscosuccinea fungus chaff and the mushroom fungus chaff, respectively putting the wheat bran, the pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff, the oyster mushroom fungus chaff and the mushroom fungus chaff into insect-raising boxes, putting the insect-raising boxes in an experimental environment for 24 hours to enable the temperature and the humidity of the feed to be consistent with the temperature and the humidity of the environment, and then putting 50 larvae into each box. Survival was investigated after 30 days of feeding, mean weight of surviving larvae, 5 replicates.
1.3.2 preparing feeds according to the mass ratio of 'the mushroom bran/wheat bran of the invention' 3/7, 4/6, 5/5, 6/4 and 7/3 respectively, taking single feeding wheat bran as a contrast, putting the feeds into insect-raising boxes respectively, putting 50.0 +/-0.1 g of the feeds into each insect-raising box, putting the insects in an experimental environment for 24 hours to ensure that the temperature and humidity of the feeds are consistent with the temperature and humidity of the environment, and then putting 50 larvae into each box. Survival was investigated after 30 days of feeding, mean weight of surviving larvae, 5 replicates.
1.4 results of the experiment
TABLE 1 comparison of Tenebrio molitor young larvae fed on a single feed according to 1.3.1 Experimental methods
| Feed treatment group | Survival Rate for 30 days (%) | Average insect weight (g) for 30 days |
| Wheat bran | 96.67±1.05a | 0.007±0.000a |
| The mushroom bran of the invention | 36.67±9.07b | 0.001±0.000b |
| Pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff | 1.33±0.82c | 0.000±0.000c |
| Oyster mushroom fungus chaff | 0.00±0.00c | - |
| Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom bran | 0.00±0.00c | - |
| Auricularia fuscosuccinea chaff | 0.00±0.00c | - |
The data in the table are mean values ± sem, and the data in the same column are marked with different lower case letters to show significant difference (P <0.05, Tukey method).
TABLE 2 comparison of the 1.3.2 experimental methods for feeding yellow meal worm larvae with mixed feed
The data in the table are mean values ± sem, and the data in the same column are marked with different lower case letters to show significant difference (P <0.05, Tukey method).
1.5 conclusion and discussion
1.5.1 Tenebrio molitor is fragile in the early incubation larva stage, weak in feeding capacity of green feed and succulent feed, weak in tolerance to high humidity, and prone to poor growth or death caused by external disturbance. Therefore, the yellow mealworms at the stage are usually coated in the egg collecting paper during feeding, so that external interference is avoided, the feed is dry feed which is coated in the egg collecting paper together with eggs during egg collecting, and green feed and succulent feed are not added temporarily.
1.5.2 experimental data show that the low-age larvae laying for 1 month are difficult to survive in the environment of single mushroom residue, and only the mushroom residue feed treatment group of the invention in the tested mushroom residue has higher survival rate; when the mushroom bran and the wheat bran are mixed and fed, the mushroom bran and the wheat bran are mixed according to the mass ratio ranging from 3/7 to 6/4, the survival rate and the average insect weight of the tenebrio molitor low-age larvae have no significant difference with those of wheat bran feeding groups of a conventional feed when the mushroom bran and the wheat bran are fed for 30 days, and the mixed feed can replace pure wheat bran to feed the tenebrio molitor low-age larvae.
2. The following is a comparative experiment in which different feeds were used to feed the mid-term larvae of Tenebrio molitor.
2.1 materials of the experiment
The mushroom bran is dried in the air, crushed by a crusher (for 10 seconds/time and 2 times) and sieved by a 16-mesh sieve (the aperture is 1.25 mm); wheat bran (16 mesh screen). Tenebrio molitor larvae are 75 days after spawning (wheat bran is used as supplement to cabbage leaves before experiment).
2.2 Experimental Environment
The ambient temperature (26 +/-1) DEG C, the air relative humidity (55 +/-5)%, 10L: 14D.
2.3 Experimental methods
According to the mass ratio of the mushroom bran/wheat bran of the invention, 3/7, 4/6, 5/5 and 6/4 are respectively prepared into feeds, the feeds are respectively put into insect-raising boxes by taking single feeding wheat bran as a control, 50.0 +/-0.1 g of the feed is put into each insect-raising box, the insect-raising boxes are put into an experimental environment for 24 hours to ensure that the temperature and the humidity of the feed are consistent with the temperature and the humidity of the environment, then 30 larvae are put into each box, and 1.0 +/-0.1 g of fresh cabbage leaves and 1.0 +/-0.1 g of fresh apples are simultaneously provided. Then providing 1.0 +/-0.1 g of fresh Chinese cabbage leaves and 1.0 +/-0.1 g of fresh apples in each box every 3 days, observing day by day, picking out pupae every day after pupate individuals appear, weighing, packing single tubes, recording pupae eclosion conditions one by one, and feeding to the 45 th day. And a control group fed with pure testa Tritici without addition of folium Brassicae campestris and fructus Mali Pumilae. Repeat 5 times.
2.4 results of the experiment
TABLE 3 comparison of the mid-term larvae of Tenebrio molitor fed with the mixed diet according to 2.3 experimental methods
The data in the table are mean values ± sem, and the data in the same column are marked with different lower case letters to show significant difference (P <0.05, Tukey method).
2.5 conclusion and discussion
Experimental data shows that for yellow meal worm larvae in the middle and later stages, the requirements for moisture and nutrition cannot be met by simply feeding dry feed, and pupation can be normally realized only by supplementing green feed and succulent feed. When the cabbage leaves and the apples are added, no significant difference is found among the pupation rate, the average pupation weight, the pupation period days and the normal eclosion adult ratio of the yellow mealworms between each mixed feed group and the wheat bran control group. The mixed feed can be used as feed for larvae of yellow meal worm in middle and later stages.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding yellow mealworms by yellow mealworms feed containing mushroom fungus chaff is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100: preparing the tenebrio molitor feed, and separately preparing a dry feed, a green feed and a succulent feed for separate use;
step 200: laying egg collecting paper below a grid plate in an egg laying box, laying dry feed until the thickness of the dry feed is 0.5-1 cm, adding green feed and succulent feed, feeding adult tenebrio molitor on the grid plate, and laying eggs in materials below the grid plate; the green feed and the succulent feed are added in an amount meeting the daily food intake, and the dry feed, the green feed and the succulent feed are supplemented according to the food intake every day;
step 300: placing the egg collecting paper and the material containing the eggs in a larva feeding basin, controlling the environmental temperature to be (26 +/-1) DEG C, controlling the air relative humidity to be (55 +/-5)%, and incubating the eggs into larvae in succession under the conditions of 10L: 14D-14L: 10D photoperiod;
step 400: removing egg collecting paper from the larva feeding basin, keeping the materials containing the larvae on the egg collecting paper in the larva feeding basin, and additionally laying dry feed to the thickness of 2-3 cm; after hatching for 2 weeks, adding green feed, after hatching for 3 weeks, adding green feed and succulent feed, and crushing into feed with a length of not more than 1 cm; after 1 month of incubation, supplementing and laying dry feed with the thickness of 1cm, adding green feed and succulent feed, wherein the green feed and succulent feed are added in an amount meeting the daily food intake, and supplementing the dry feed, green feed and succulent feed according to the food intake every day; after incubation for 2 months, using a 16-18-mesh sieve to eliminate small individual larvae and insect manure materials, laying dry feed with the thickness of 2-3 cm again, adding green feed and succulent feed, wherein the input amount of the green feed and the succulent feed meets the food intake of the day, and supplementing the dry feed, the green feed and the succulent feed according to the food intake every day;
step 500: after 2 months and 2 weeks of incubation, collecting yellow mealworm pupae in succession, using a 10-12 mesh sieve to reserve larvae with larger size and better appearance as seed worms, replacing new feed for the seed worms and continuously feeding the larvae until the larvae pupate; after continuously feeding the seed insects for 2-3 weeks, the seed insects are eliminated and are no longer used as seed insects;
step 600: collecting and separately storing yellow mealworm pupas serving as seed worms every day, controlling the environmental temperature to be (26 +/-1) DEG C, controlling the air relative humidity to be (55 +/-5)%, and carrying out eclosion of the pupas into imagoes after one week under the conditions of 10L, 14D to 14D and 10D photoperiods, eliminating individuals with late eclosion and malformed individuals, transferring the other qualified individuals into a spawning box, and starting a new round of breeding;
wherein, the yellow mealworm feed comprises the following components: the dried feed is a mixture of crushed shiitake mushroom bran and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 3: 7-5: 5, the green feed is vegetable leaves, the succulent feed is fresh apples, and the water content of the green feed and the succulent feed is 50-80% by mass.
2. The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the crushed mushroom residue is scrap formed by crushing dried mushroom residue.
3. The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the crushed shiitake mushroom bran is not more than 0.3 cm.
4. The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mushroom fungus chaff is prepared by filling fungus bags, producing mushrooms, collecting the mushrooms from waste fungus bags and mixing the mushrooms with the mushroom fungus chaff by the following components in percentage by mass: sawdust (78 +/-5)%, wheat bran (16 +/-3)%, corn flour (1.5 +/-0.5)%, sugar (1.5 +/-0.5)%, gypsum (2 +/-0.5)%, urea (0.5 +/-0.2)%, calcium superphosphate (0.5 +/-0.2)%, and the mass percentage content is 100 percent in total.
5. The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step 200, the grid plate is 16-18 mesh.
6. The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 200, green feed and succulent feed are crushed into 3-6 cm and fed.
7. The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step 300, egg collecting paper is collected from the egg box every 1-3 days according to the egg laying amount, and the eggs are hatched in stages.
8. The method for breeding the yellow mealworms by using the yellow mealworms feed containing the mushroom fungus chaff as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 400, after incubation for 1 month, green feed and succulent feed are crushed into 3-6 cm and fed.
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| CN113973990A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-28 | 重庆工商大学 | A kind of resource utilization method of mustard peel |
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