CN108967750A - The method of yellow meal worm feed containing mushroom mushroom bran and feed breeding yellow meal worm - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for Tenebrio molitor containing mushroom chaff, which comprises separate dry feed, green feed, and juicy feed. The dry feed is the crushed material of mushroom chaff and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 3:7 to 5:5. The green feed is vegetable leaves, the succulent feed is melon peel, and the water content of the green feed and the succulent feed are both 50% to 80%. At the same time, a method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with this feed is disclosed. The advantages of the present invention are: 1. Using organic wastes such as shiitake mushroom chaff and vegetable farm garbage as raw materials to prepare feed to feed and breed Tenebrio molitor, the development of Tenebrio molitor is good, and the types of waste treated by Tenebrio molitor are enriched; Compared with other types of fungus bran such as mushroom bran, shiitake mushroom bran is more conducive to the survival of the newly hatched larvae of Tenebrio molitor as a feed material; also decreased.

Description

Tenebrio molitor feed containing mushroom chaff and method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with the feed

technical field

The invention relates to the breeding of Tenebrio molitor, in particular to a feed for Tenebrio molitor prepared by using mushroom chaff, and a method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with the feed.

Background technique

Shiitake mushrooms originated in East Asia and are a large variety of edible fungi consumed worldwide. According to the data of China Customs and the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2016, among the varieties with an export value of more than 100 million US dollars in my country, dried shiitake mushrooms ranked first. Since 2005, my country has become the world's largest producer of edible fungi, accounting for more than 70% of the world's output. Due to the huge base of the edible fungus industry, the number of mushroom bag residues (fungus chaff) produced every year is astonishing. After harvesting, most of the fungus chaff is discarded, landfilled or incinerated, which not only causes waste of resources, but also causes various environmental problems such as mold, pest breeding, soil acidification, and increase of harmful spores in the air. Therefore, edible fungi The burial of bran has become an important research topic in our country.

Tenebrio molitor is native to the Americas. After being introduced to China, it has been bred on a large scale in China due to its miscellaneous feeding habits, simple feeding and high protein content, and has achieved good economic benefits. The essence of using insects such as Tenebrio molitor to feed and transform organic waste is to use the natural habits of insects to convert perishable organic matter into insect protein and insect dung (organic fertilizer) through abdominal transformation. In terms of using Tenebrio molitor to treat edible fungus chaff, a new feed for cultivating Tenebrio molitor larvae (country: China, publication number: 101380064A, publication date: 2009-3-11) discloses that the feed material contains oyster mushroom chaff , a method for cultivating Tenebrio molitor using Pleurotus eryngii chaff (country: China, publication number: 105454663A, publication date: 2016-4-6) discloses adopting Pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff to raise Tenebrio molitor as a feed material, a kind of breeding Juncao Ganoderma lucidum chaff mixed feed for adults of Tenebrio molitor and its preparation method (country: China, publication number: 108029903A, publication date: 2018-5-15) discloses that the feed material contains Ganoderma lucidum chaff. In terms of treating fungus chaff with other insects, the black soldier fly feed prepared from organic waste and the method for breeding black soldier flies with the feed (country: China, publication number: 108041283A, publication date: 2018-5-18) disclosed the black soldier fly However, the black soldier fly likes feed with high temperature and high water content, while Tenebrio molitor is suitable for feed with low temperature and drier. big difference.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a Tenebrio molitor feed prepared from organic wastes such as shiitake mushroom chaff and vegetable farm waste, to utilize waste, and to provide a method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with this feed , which can satisfy the development of Tenebrio molitor and obtain Tenebrio molitor body and insect dung resources.

Technical solution: a feed for Tenebrio molitor containing mushroom chaff, including separate dry feed, green feed, and juicy feed. The dry feed is crushed mushroom chaff and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 3:7 to 5:5 The proportioned mixture, the green fodder is vegetable leaves, the succulent fodder is melon peel, and the water content of the green fodder and succulent fodder are both 50-80% by mass.

Further, the crushed material of champignons of shiitake mushrooms is debris obtained by drying chaff of champignons of mushrooms and then crushing them.

Optimally, the crushed material of chaff of mushrooms has a particle diameter not greater than 0.3 cm.

Optimally, the mushroom chaff of the mushrooms is collected from discarded mushroom bags after the mushroom bags are filled with the following components in mass percentage proportions: sawdust (78±5)%, Wheat bran (16±3)%, cornmeal (1.5±0.5)%, sugar (1.5±0.5)%, gypsum (2±0.5)%, urea (0.5±0.2)%, superphosphate (0.5±0.2)% , mass percentage content, a total of 100%.

A method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with the above-mentioned Tenebrio molitor feed containing mushroom chaff, comprising the following steps:

Step 100: Prepare the Tenebrio molitor feed, and separately prepare dry feed, green feed, and juicy feed for separate use;

Step 200: Lay egg collection paper under the grid plate in the spawning box, lay dry feed to form a thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the grid plate, and add green feed and juicy feed, Tenebrio molitor adults are taken from the grid plate. Feed, and lay eggs in the material under the grid plate; the amount of green feed and succulent feed meets the daily food intake, and dry feed, green feed, and succulent feed are supplemented according to the food intake every day;

Step 300: Place the egg-collecting paper and the material containing eggs on it in the larva breeding basin, control the ambient temperature at (26±1)°C, the relative air humidity at (55±5)%, and 10L:14D～14L : Under the condition of 10D photoperiod, the eggs hatch into larvae one after another;

Step 400: Remove the egg collection paper from the larvae raising pot, and leave the larvae-containing material on the egg collection paper in the larvae raising pot, and add dry feed to a thickness of 2-3 cm; after 1 month of hatching, add a layer of 1 cm thick dry feed, and add green feed, juicy feed, the amount of green feed, juicy feed to meet the daily food intake, daily supplement dry feed, green feed, juicy feed according to the food intake; after hatching for 2 months, use 16~ 18-mesh sieve to eliminate materials such as small individual larvae and insect feces, re-lay dry feed with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm, and add green feed and juicy feed. The input amount of green feed and juicy feed meets the daily food intake. Supplement the amount of dry feed, green feed, juicy feed;

Step 500: After hatching for 2 months and 2 weeks, collect Tenebrio molitor pupae one after another, use a 10-12 mesh sieve to retain larger and better-looking larvae as seedlings, replace the seedlings with new feed and continue to raise them until they pupate ; After the seed worms continue to be fed for 2 to 3 weeks, they will be eliminated and no longer used as seed worms;

Step 600: Collect Tenebrio molitor pupae as seed insects every day and store them separately, control the ambient temperature at (26±1)°C, the relative air humidity at (55±5)%, and 10L:14D～14L:10D Under photoperiod conditions, the pupae emerge into adults after one week, and the individuals who emerge too late and deformed individuals are eliminated, and the remaining qualified individuals are moved into the egg-laying box to start a new round of breeding.

Optimally, in step 200, the grid plate is 16-18 mesh.

In step 200, green feed and succulent feed are crushed into 3-6 cm feed.

Optimally, in step 300, according to the amount of eggs laid, egg collection paper is collected from the egg laying box once every 1 to 3 days, and hatched in stages.

Optimally, in step 400, after 2 weeks of hatching, green feed is added, and after 3 weeks of hatching, green feed and succulent feed are added, both of which are crushed to a size no larger than 1 cm.

Optimally, in step 400, after one month of hatching, green feed and succulent feed are broken into 3-6 cm feed.

Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the advantage of the present invention is:

1. Using the feed prepared from organic waste such as shiitake mushroom chaff and vegetable waste as raw materials, feeding and breeding Tenebrio molitor, the development of Tenebrio molitor is good, and at the same time enriches the types of waste treated by Tenebrio molitor, so that potential environmental pollutants can be converted into Insect resources to achieve waste reduction and resource reuse;

2. The experimental data show that compared with other types of mushroom chaff such as oyster mushroom chaff, shiitake mushroom chaff as a feed material is more conducive to the survival of the newly hatched larvae of Tenebrio molitor;

3. The addition of mushroom bran reduces the proportion of wheat bran in dry feed, saves conventional feed, and reduces feed cost; at the same time, due to the reduction in the amount of wheat bran, the number of lepidopteran insects such as Indian meal moth mixed in wheat bran is also reduced. The subsequent reduction reduces the loss of feed caused by pest feeding, silk spinning and cocooning, and the interference on the development of Tenebrio molitor.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flowchart of breeding Tenebrio molitor with Tenebrio molitor feed of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, and these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in accompanying drawing 1, a kind of Tenebrio molitor feed that contains mushroom chaff comprises dry feed, green feed, succulent feed that prepare separately, take separately.

The dry feed includes crushed mushroom chaff and wheat bran, and the two form a mixture in a mass ratio of 3:7-5:5. Among them, the broken material of champignon chaff is made of sawdust (78±5)%, wheat bran (16±3)%, cornmeal (1.5±0.5)%, sugar (1.5±0.5)% %, gypsum (2±0.5)%, urea (0.5±0.2)%, superphosphate (0.5±0.2)%, 100% in total, mushroom bags are filled to produce shiitake mushrooms, and mushroom bags are discarded after two rounds of harvesting. Collect the fungus chaff from the discarded fungus bag, dry it by air drying, etc., and then use a pulverizer and other equipment to break it into debris with a diameter of no more than 0.3cm. The prepared dry feed was stored at room temperature and ventilated.

Green fodder is to take the vegetables and leaves obtained from the day’s garbage and other sources as needed. Avoid using rotten and deteriorated materials. It can be used at 50-80% (mass percentage).

The succulent feed is to use the melon and fruit peels obtained from the day’s vegetable waste and other sources as needed, avoid the use of rotten and deteriorated materials, and use methods such as drying on the grid rack to remove the attached excess water. Make the water content reach 50-80% (mass percentage) for use.

The method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with the above-mentioned Tenebrio molitor feed containing mushroom chaff comprises the following steps.

Step 100: Prepare the above Tenebrio molitor feed, and prepare dry feed, green feed, and succulent feed separately for separate use.

Step 200: Take a wooden or plastic rectangular spawning box. The lower part of the spawning box has a grid plate of 16-18 meshes. Lay dry feed on the grid plate to evenly store a layer of dry feed with a thickness of 0.5-1cm on the grid plate, and break green feed and juicy feed into 3-6cm and disperse them on the dry feed. Feed on the grid plate, and lay eggs in the materials under the grid plate (feed that has not been eaten, feed residues, insect excrement, adult stumps, etc.); It is advisable to finish feeding, and supplement dry feed, green feed, and succulent feed according to the amount of food intake every day.

Step 300: Take a wooden or plastic rectangular larva raising pot, collect egg collecting paper from the egg laying box every 1 to 3 days according to the amount of eggs laid, and place the egg collecting paper together with the material containing eggs on it. The larvae are raised in pots with date labels pasted on the pots for phased hatching management. The ambient temperature is controlled at (26±1)°C, the relative air humidity is at (55±5)%, and the photoperiod conditions are 10L:14D～14L:10D. , the eggs hatch into larvae one week later.

Step 400: When it is observed that more larvae crawl out of the egg collection paper for food, remove the egg collection paper from the larvae feeding basin, and leave the material containing larvae on the egg collection paper in the larvae breeding basin, and add dry feed, Form a uniform thickness of 2 to 3 cm in the pot; after 2 weeks of hatching, add green feed, and after 3 weeks of hatching, add green feed and juicy feed, all of which are broken into no more than 1 cm for feeding; after 1 month of hatching, add 1 cm thick dry feed Add green feed and juicy feed. The amount of green feed and juicy feed should meet the daily food intake. It is advisable to supplement the dry feed, green feed, and juicy feed according to the daily intake; hatch 2 After one month, use a 16-18 mesh sieve to eliminate materials such as small individual larvae and insect feces, re-lay dry feed, and form a uniform thickness of 2-3 cm in the pot, and add green feed and juicy feed. The input amount of green feed and juicy feed is sufficient The amount of food taken on the day should be based on the end of the day's food intake, and dry feed, green feed, and succulent feed should be supplemented according to the amount of food taken every day. After 1 month of hatching, as the feeding intensity of the larvae increases, the green feed and juicy feed are broken into 3-6 cm feed.

Step 500: After hatching for 2 months and 2 weeks, Tenebrio molitor pupae can be collected one after another, and the larvae with larger size and better appearance are selected as seed worms; after hatching for 3 months, use a 10-12 mesh sieve to retain the smaller larvae. Larger and better-shaped larvae are used as seed worms, and the remaining larvae are sieved to separate and obtain live larvae products, larvae molting and insect excrement, and the eliminated larvae can be used as Tenebrio molitor pupal products. Replace the seed worm with new feed and continue to feed until it pupates. After the seed worm continues to be fed for 2 to 3 weeks, it is advisable to eliminate it as a seed worm and continue to raise it to harvest Tenebrio molitor pupae products.

Step 600: Collect Tenebrio molitor pupae as seed insects every day and store them separately, control the ambient temperature at (26±1)°C, the relative air humidity at (55±5)%, and 10L:14D～14L:10D Under photoperiod conditions, the pupae emerge into adults after one week, and the individuals who emerge too late and deformed individuals are eliminated, and the remaining qualified individuals are moved into the egg-laying box to start a new round of breeding.

1. The following is a comparative experiment of feeding young Tenebrio molitor larvae with different feeds.

1.1 Experimental materials

Pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff, Pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff, elm yellow fungus chaff, Agaricus agaricus fungus chaff, shiitake mushroom chaff of the present invention, after air-drying, pulverize (10 seconds/time, 2 times) with pulverizer, cross 16 mesh sieves ( Aperture 1.25mm); wheat bran (through 16 mesh sieve). Tenebrio molitor larvae 15 days after spawning.

1.2 Experimental environment

Ambient temperature (26±1)℃, relative air humidity (55±5)%, 10L:14D.

1.3 Experimental method

1.3.1 Weigh 50.0 ± 0.1g of wheat bran, Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, Ulmus chrysanthemum fungus bran, Agaricus agaricus fungus bran, and shiitake mushroom bran of the present invention, respectively, and put them into insect culture boxes , placed in the experimental environment for 24 hours to make the feed consistent with the temperature and humidity of the environment, and then put 50 larvae into each box. After feeding for 30 days, investigate the survival rate and the average body weight of surviving larvae, and repeat 5 times.

1.3.2 Prepare feed respectively according to the mass ratio "lentinus edodes chaff/wheat bran of the present invention" as "3/7, 4/6, 5/5, 6/4, 7/3", with single feeding wheat bran as As a control, put them into insect boxes respectively, and put 50.0±0.1g of feed into each box, put them in the experimental environment for 24 hours to make the feed consistent with the temperature and humidity of the environment, and then put 50 larvae into each box. After feeding for 30 days, investigate the survival rate and the average body weight of surviving larvae, and repeat 5 times.

1.4 Experimental results

Table 1 according to the 1.3.1 experimental method with a single feed feeding young Tenebrio molitor larvae comparison

Feed Treatment Group 30-day survival rate (%) 30-day average insect weight (g) Wheat bran 96.67±1.05a 0.007±0.000a Lentinus edodes chaff of the present invention 36.67±9.07b 0.001±0.000b Pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran 1.33±0.82c 0.000±0.000c Pleurotus ostreatus chaff 0.00±0.00c - Ulmus chrysanthemum bran 0.00±0.00c - Agaric bran 0.00±0.00c -

The data in the table are the mean ± standard error, and the data in the same column are marked with different lowercase letters to indicate significant differences (P<0.05, Tukey's method).

Table 2 Comparison of young Tenebrio molitor larvae fed with mixed feed according to 1.3.2 experimental method

The data in the table are the mean ± standard error, and the data in the same column are marked with different lowercase letters to indicate significant differences (P<0.05, Tukey's method).

1.5 Conclusion and discussion

1.5.1 Tenebrio molitor is relatively fragile at the stage of newly hatched larvae. It has weak feeding ability to green feed and juicy feed, and weak tolerance to high humidity. It is easy to cause poor growth or death due to external disturbance. Therefore, Tenebrio molitor at this stage is often wrapped in egg-collecting paper during breeding to avoid external interference. The feed is dry feed that is wrapped in egg-collecting paper together with the eggs during egg collection. Green feed and juicy feed are not added for the time being. feed.

1.5.2 Experimental data shows that the young larvae within 1 month of laying eggs are difficult to survive in the environment of a single fungus chaff, and only the shiitake mushroom chaff feed treatment group of the present invention has a higher survival rate in the tested fungus chaff; When the fungus chaff and wheat bran are mixed and fed, the mass ratio is "3/7" to "6/4". After feeding for 30 days, the survival rate and average worm weight of Tenebrio molitor young larvae are comparable to those of conventional feed There was no significant difference between wheat bran feeding groups, and the mixed feed could replace pure wheat bran to feed young Tenebrio molitor larvae.

2. The following is a comparative experiment of feeding the mid-stage Tenebrio molitor larvae with different feeds.

2.1 Experimental materials

The shiitake mushroom chaff of the present invention is pulverized (10 seconds/time, 2 times) with a pulverizer after being air-dried, and passed through a 16-mesh sieve (aperture 1.25 mm); wheat bran (passed through a 16-mesh sieve). Tenebrio molitor larvae 75 days after spawning (fed with wheat bran and cabbage leaves before the experiment).

2.2 Experimental environment

Ambient temperature (26±1)℃, relative air humidity (55±5)%, 10L:14D.

2.3 Experimental method

According to the mass ratio of "lentinus edodes mushroom chaff/wheat bran of the present invention" as "3/7, 4/6, 5/5, 6/4", the feeds were respectively prepared, and the single feeding wheat bran was used as a control, and the insects were respectively loaded into In the box, 50.0±0.1g of feed was put into each insect breeding box, and placed in the experimental environment for 24 hours to make the feed consistent with the temperature and humidity of the environment, and then put 30 larvae in each box, and at the same time provide 1.0±0.1g of fresh cabbage leaves, 1.0 ±0.1g fresh apple. After that, provide 1.0±0.1g of fresh cabbage leaves and 1.0±0.1g of fresh apples in each box every 3 days, observe daily, and pick out the pupae every day after pupation occurs, weigh them, and put them into single tubes, and record the emergence of pupae one by one , fed to the 45th day. A control group fed with simple wheat bran without adding cabbage leaves and apples was also set up. 5 repetitions.

2.4 Experimental results

Table 3 According to the experimental method 2.3, the comparison of feeding the middle stage larvae of Tenebrio molitor with mixed feed

The data in the table are the mean ± standard error, and the data in the same column are marked with different lowercase letters to indicate significant differences (P<0.05, Tukey's method).

2.5 Conclusion and discussion

Experimental data show that for the mid-to-late stage Tenebrio molitor larvae, simply feeding dry feed can no longer meet their water and nutritional needs, and they must be supplemented with green feed and juicy feed to pupate normally. In the case of adding cabbage leaves and apples, there was no significant difference in the pupation rate, average pupae weight, days of pupal period and the proportion of normal eclosion adults of Tenebrio molitor between the mixed feed groups and the wheat bran control group. The mixed feed can be used as a feed for middle and late larvae of Tenebrio molitor.

Claims (10)

1. a Tenebrio molitor feed containing mushroom chaff, is characterized in that: comprise separate dry feed, green feed, succulent feed, and described dry feed is the cracker of champignon chaff and wheat bran by mass ratio 3: 7～ A mixture with a ratio of 5:5, the green feed is vegetable leaves, the succulent feed is melon peel, and the water content of the green feed and succulent feed is both 50-80% by mass. 2 . The Tenebrio molitor feed containing shiitake mushroom chaff according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the crushed material of the shiitake mushroom chaff is the debris obtained by drying the shiitake mushroom chaff. 3. The Tenebrio molitor feed containing mushroom chaff according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the broken pieces of mushroom chaff is not more than 0.3cm. 4. the Tenebrio molitor feed that contains mushroom chaff according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described mushroom chaff is each component by following mass percentage content ratio, after filling mushroom bag production mushroom harvesting, Collected from discarded mushroom bags: sawdust (78±5)%, wheat bran (16±3)%, cornmeal (1.5±0.5)%, sugar (1.5±0.5)%, gypsum (2±0.5)% , urea (0.5 ± 0.2)%, superphosphate (0.5 ± 0.2)%, mass percentage content, a total of 100%. 5. A method for breeding Tenebrio molitor with the Tenebrio molitor feed containing mushroom chaff according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 100: Prepare the Tenebrio molitor feed, and separately prepare dry feed, green feed, and juicy feed for separate use; Step 200: Lay egg collection paper under the grid plate in the spawning box, lay dry feed to form a thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the grid plate, and add green feed and juicy feed, Tenebrio molitor adults are taken from the grid plate. Feed, and lay eggs in the material under the grid plate; the amount of green feed and succulent feed meets the daily food intake, and dry feed, green feed, and succulent feed are supplemented according to the food intake every day; Step 300: Place the egg-collecting paper and the material containing eggs on it in the larva breeding basin, control the ambient temperature at (26±1)°C, the relative air humidity at (55±5)%, and 10L:14D～14L : Under the condition of 10D photoperiod, the eggs hatch into larvae one after another; Step 400: Remove the egg collection paper from the larvae raising pot, and leave the larvae-containing material on the egg collection paper in the larvae raising pot, and add dry feed to a thickness of 2-3 cm; after 1 month of hatching, add a layer of 1 cm thick dry feed, and add green feed, juicy feed, the amount of green feed, juicy feed to meet the daily food intake, daily supplement dry feed, green feed, juicy feed according to the food intake; after hatching for 2 months, use 16~ 18-mesh sieve to eliminate materials such as small individual larvae and insect feces, re-lay dry feed with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm, and add green feed and juicy feed. The input amount of green feed and juicy feed meets the daily food intake. Supplement the amount of dry feed, green feed, juicy feed; Step 500: After hatching for 2 months and 2 weeks, collect Tenebrio molitor pupae one after another, use a 10-12 mesh sieve to retain larger and better-looking larvae as seedlings, replace the seedlings with new feed and continue to raise them until they pupate ; After the seed worms continue to be fed for 2 to 3 weeks, they will be eliminated and no longer used as seed worms; Step 600: Collect Tenebrio molitor pupae as seed insects every day and store them separately, control the ambient temperature at (26±1)°C, the relative air humidity at (55±5)%, and 10L:14D～14L:10D Under photoperiod conditions, the pupae emerge into adults after one week, and the individuals who emerge too late and deformed individuals are eliminated, and the remaining qualified individuals are moved into the egg-laying box to start a new round of breeding. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that in step 200, the grid plate is 16-18 mesh. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 200, green fodder and succulent fodder are broken into 3-6 cm feed. 8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 300, according to the amount of eggs laid, the egg collection paper is collected from the egg laying box once every 1 to 3 days, and hatched in stages. 9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 400, green fodder is added after 2 weeks of hatching, and green fodder and succulent fodder are added after 3 weeks of hatching, all of which are crushed to a size no larger than 1 cm. 10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 400, green feed and succulent feed are broken into 3-6 cm feed after one month of hatching.