CN108698079B - 低分子羧酸在水性色漆中的用途 - Google Patents
低分子羧酸在水性色漆中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108698079B CN108698079B CN201780011439.6A CN201780011439A CN108698079B CN 108698079 B CN108698079 B CN 108698079B CN 201780011439 A CN201780011439 A CN 201780011439A CN 108698079 B CN108698079 B CN 108698079B
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Classifications
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- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有1‑10个碳原子的有机羧酸在水性色漆中用于改进这些涂料与过烘烤清漆材料的附着力的用途。本发明还涉及制造多层涂漆体系的方法,其中将如上文规定的色漆材料直接施加至过烘烤的清漆膜上。
Description
本发明涉及特定的低分子质量羧酸在水性色漆材料中用于改进涂层间附着力的用途。
在汽车涂装和工业涂装中,色漆材料是提供颜色和/或效果的常规中间涂层材料。色漆被位于其上的清漆覆盖,这种清漆保护色漆体系免受风化效应和免受机械和化学侵袭。色漆和清漆材料通常湿压湿施加,并一起通过烘烤固化。
早期在汽车涂装中,最初-在色漆材料之前-在被电泳漆材料涂布的车身上施加二道底漆,随后单独烘烤,而较新的涂装线已避开单独烘烤,使用相应地部分调整的涂料组合物。取而代之,施加至电泳漆体系上的所有涂膜一起烘烤。其目标特别是更高效节能的操作方案。
在上述所有操作方案中,当然也可以施加多于一层色漆,由此获得例如特定颜色效果。
涂料体系的一个关键质量标准是固化涂料组合物在涂布基底上的附着力。在汽车涂装中常规种类的如上所述的多层涂漆体系的情况下,例如,各漆层之间的附着力,也称作涂层间附着力也非常重要。可以例如通过根据DIN EN ISO 2409:2013-6的划格试验测定涂层间附着力。
根据专利申请WO 03/011986 A1,为了改进涂层间附着力,已知做法是在用于制造多层涂漆体系的涂料中加入例如无机磷酸或硼酸和/或其它硼化合物形式的增粘剂。
在例如汽车的工业涂装中,涂布的工件经过烘干装置,在此通过供应热能固化施加的涂料。对于如今普遍的金属饰面,例如,金属色漆材料和最后的清漆材料湿压湿施加并一起固化。
在烘干阶段,烘烤时间和烘烤温度参数互相成反比,意味着当温度较高时,烘烤时间降低,而在较长烘烤时间下,获得饰面的理想固化所需的温度较低。由于再三出现的干扰,在纯统计基础上,在烘干装置中,例如由于传送装置停顿,可能发生工件相对于当前温度在烘干装置中停留太久的情况。在这种情况下,可能出现过烘烤的现象。过烘烤被理解为是用高于完全交联所需的能量供给烘烤涂料。这可能由烘烤时间和/或烘烤温度的过冲造成。在过烘烤的情况下,分子之间的已有交联可能再分解,在这种情况下形成清除产物。过烘烤也可能伴随着超过需要的交联。在这种情况下,一般而言,漆膜未达到所需耐受性。过烘烤的后果包括漆膜的脆化或黄化(Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben,GeorgThieme Verlag,第10版,1998,第585页)。
可以推定,如果超过涂料需要的烘烤时间20%或更多和/或如果超过所需烘烤温度5℃,更特别是10℃或更多,会发生过烘烤。
由于在涂装操作中常规的膜缺陷,例如灰尘、针孔或缩孔,甚至在原始涂装(OEM涂装)领域中在某些情况下也必须重新涂装工件。因此情况是在OEM涂装操作内所用的双重涂装之一。在这种情况下,一般而言,用由至少一层色漆和清漆构成的第二体系涂布已完工但有缺陷的原始涂装。
因此由上文可见,在统计基础上,在OEM涂装环境中不可能避免必须重涂OEM涂布工件,其中该多层涂漆体系的最上方涂层是过烘烤的清漆-也就是说,不可能避免必须对这样的工件施以双重涂装。因此,在随之产生的体系中,色漆直接位于之前施加和过烘烤的清漆上。最后,再施加清漆。
当然相当常遇到这种体系,即通过将至少一层色漆直接施加至过烘烤的清漆上、然后再将清漆直接施加至该色漆或最上方色漆膜上制备的体系,包括在修补环境中。
现在已经发现,在制造商工厂和修补车间中,当将色漆材料和清漆材料施加至已有的固化清漆膜上时,如果已固化的清漆过烘烤,经常出现极差的涂层间附着力。
本发明的一个目的是改进在施加进一步的色漆材料时在已固化的过烘烤清漆膜上的涂层间附着力。
已经令人惊讶地发现可以通过在直接施加至清漆膜上的色漆材料中加入特定的低分子质量羧酸实现这一目的。
本发明因此提供具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸在水性色漆材料中用于改进这些涂料与过烘烤清漆的附着力的用途。
该色漆材料有利地含有基于该水性色漆材料(即在施加至基底上之前存在的色漆材料)的总量计0.1-5重量%的具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸。小于0.1重量%的量在一些情况下没有产生充足效果。如果该量大于5重量%,在固化后得到的涂膜中可能出现缺陷。
特别有利地,具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸在水性色漆材料中的量为该水性色漆材料的总量的0.3-1.5重量%。优选在相应水性色漆材料中使用正好一种这样的羧酸。
作为具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸,基本可以使用在这种方面为技术人员已知的所有组分。因此可能的是脂族、芳族或芳脂族(混合芳族-脂族)羧酸。
在本发明中,术语“脂族”,符合本领域中的普通定义,描述不是芳族并且不是芳脂族的任何有机化合物或有机化合物的分子部分。脂族单羧酸相应地例如由脂族基团(脂族部分)和羧酸基团构成,而脂族二羧酸由脂族基团和两个羧酸基团构成。在一种简单的情况下,脂族基团可以是氢基团,相应的羧酸是甲酸并因此具有1个碳原子。脂族基团也可由碳和氢构成(例如甲基-相应的羧酸:乙酸)。脂族基团也可以不仅含有碳和氢,还含有本身已知的桥连或末端官能团形式的杂原子。桥连基团的实例是醚基团或酯基团。末端官能团的一个实例是羟基。
该羧酸优选是单羧酸。
在本发明中优选的是脂族单羧酸,更特别是具有1-6,非常优选1-3,再更优选1-2个碳原子的那些。其中更优选的是除羧酸基团外仅由氢或氢和碳构成并且饱和的那些单羧酸。可给出的实例包括甲酸和乙酸。
根据水性色漆材料(水载色漆材料)的pH,羧酸当然可以完全或按比例地以脱质子形式,即以阴离子形式存在。
除了在色漆材料中在任何情况下都存在至少一种具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸的事实外,可根据本发明使用的色漆和清漆材料没有特别的特征。可以使用常规水性色漆材料和常规清漆材料。
如已知和如先前在上文中指出,色漆材料是例如用于汽车涂装和一般工业涂装的赋色中间涂层材料。色漆材料因此始终包含至少一种颜料-即至少一种本身已知的着色颜料和/或效果颜料。
本发明中优选的色漆材料是包含可物理、热或热和光化辐射固化的聚合物作为基料的那些。“基料”在本发明中和根据相关的DIN EN ISO 4618是涂料组合物的非挥发组分,无颜料和填料。具体基料因此包括例如典型的涂料添加剂、本发明的反应产物或稍后在下文中描述的典型交联剂,即使该术语在下文中主要与可物理、热或热和光化辐射固化的特定聚合物,例如特定聚氨酯树脂相关使用。
根据本发明使用的水性色漆材料更优选包含至少一种聚合物作为基料,更特别是选自聚氨酯、聚酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或所述聚合物的共聚物的至少一种聚合物,在任何情况下尤其优选是,但不一定只是,至少一种聚氨酯聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。进一步优选的是包含至少一种选自上述组的含羟基聚合物作为基料的水性色漆材料。在此尤其在最后提到的情况下可以另外存在至少一种氨基塑料树脂和/或一种封闭或非封闭型多异氰酸酯形式的交联剂,优选氨基塑料树脂。在氨基塑料树脂中,三聚氰胺树脂是优选的。
此外,该水性色漆材料可进一步包含至少一种辅助剂。此类辅助剂的实例是可以无残留或基本无残留地热分解的盐、可物理、热和/或光化辐射固化并且不同于已指定的聚合物的作为基料的树脂、附加交联剂、有机溶剂、反应性稀释剂、透明颜料、填料、分子分散性可溶染料、纳米粒子、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、除气剂、乳化剂、滑爽添加剂、聚合抑制剂、自由基聚合引发剂、增粘剂、流动控制剂、成膜辅助剂、流挂控制剂(SCAs)、阻燃剂、缓蚀剂、蜡、干燥剂、杀生物剂和消光剂。还可包括增稠剂,如选自页硅酸盐类的无机增稠剂或有机增稠剂,如(甲基)丙烯酸-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物增稠剂或不同于所用基料的聚氨酯增稠剂。
根据本发明使用的色漆材料是水性的。术语“水性”是本领域技术人员已知的。该术语原则上是指不完全基于有机溶剂,即并非仅含有机基溶剂作为其溶剂,而是相反,包括显著比例的水作为溶剂的色漆材料。对本发明而言,“水性”应优选被理解为是指所涉涂料组合物,更特别是色漆材料具有至少40重量%,优选至少50重量%,非常优选至少60重量%的水分数,在每种情况下基于存在的溶剂总量(即水和有机溶剂)计。水分数优选为40至90重量%,更特别是50至80重量%,非常优选60至75重量%,在每种情况下基于存在的溶剂总量计。
根据本发明使用的色漆材料可以使用常规和已知用于生产色漆材料的混合组装件和混合技术生产。
本发明同样提供一种制造多层涂漆体系的方法,其中
(1)提供涂有固化的多层涂漆体系的基底,所述多层涂漆体系的最上方涂层是过烘烤的清漆,
(2)将包含至少一种具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸的水性色漆材料直接施加至来自(1)的过烘烤的清漆上,并由所述施加的色漆材料形成聚合物膜,
(3)将清漆材料施加至(2)下获得的色漆膜上,然后
(4)将来自(2)的色漆膜和来自(3)的清漆膜一起固化。
在阶段(2)中由色漆材料形成聚合物膜的叙述应该如下理解。当然,在其施加至表面上后,该涂料形成涂层,即膜。这种膜随后包含聚合物,这有别于涂料。随后相应地存在聚合物膜。在施加进一步的涂层之前,这种聚合物膜可以闪蒸或部分交联-例如通过暂时干燥。但是,在任何情况下该膜都尚未完全固化。这也通过仅在阶段(4)中发生固化的事实表示。如果色漆材料在阶段(4)之前固化,阶段(4)中的固化当然不再有可能。
显然,在本发明的方法的阶段(2)中,将水性色漆材料直接施加至过烘烤的清漆膜上。因此,在由此构造的色漆膜和下方的过烘烤清漆膜之间,没有其它涂层;这些涂层直接接触。
关于该方法的阶段(3)没有详细提到“直接”。其原因在于最后施加的清漆材料不一定需要与在阶段(2)中制备并包含具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸的色漆膜接触,也就是说其不需要直接位于在阶段(2)中制备的色漆膜上。也有可能存在在这两个指定涂层之间制备的附加涂层,例如附加色漆层。在这种情况下,当然,清漆膜同样位于来自(2)的色漆膜上,但不是直接位于其上。这些附加涂层随后在阶段(4)中与来自阶段(2)的色漆膜和与来自阶段(3)的清漆膜一起固化。
该方法因此优选包含在阶段(2)和(3)之间的阶段(2a),其中直接在(2)下获得的色漆膜上施加至少一种其它色漆材料并由所述至少一种其它色漆材料形成聚合物膜,然后在阶段(3)中直接在阶段(2a)中制备的色漆膜或最上方色漆膜上施加清漆材料,随后在阶段(4)中,将来自(2)和(2a)的色漆膜和来自(3)的清漆膜一起固化。来自阶段(2a)的所述至少一种色漆材料优选不同于来自阶段(2)的色漆材料。
充当基底的是本领域中基本已知的基底,更特别是汽车工业中已知种类的金属或塑料基底。
布置在基底上的多层涂漆体系更特别可以是汽车涂装行业中的上述多层涂漆体系。在任何情况下,重要的是,存在的最上方涂层是过烘烤的清漆。
由于如已经描述,本发明特别优选用于作为OEM涂装的一部分的双重涂装领域或修补领域,来自阶段(1)的过烘烤清漆更特别是代表表现出缺陷的多层涂漆体系的最上方涂层的清漆。这些缺陷可能以涂装操作中常规的涂装缺陷,如在该多层涂漆体系的一个或多个涂层中的灰尘夹杂物、针孔或缩孔的形式存在。它们也可能是由于例如机械影响产生的缺陷。
上文联系本发明的用途描述的关于羧酸,优选单羧酸和关于水性色漆材料描述的所有特定实施方案当然也适用于本发明的方法。
下面参照实施例详细例示本发明。
涂漆制剂的实施例
关于下表中指示的配制成分及其量,应该考虑下文。当提到商品或其它地方描述的制造程序时,无论为该成分选择的特定主要名称如何,确切地是指该商品或确切地是指通过所述程序制备的产品。
相应地,如果配制成分被给予主要标识“三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂”并且如果为其指定商品,三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂确切地以该商品的形式使用。因此如果目标是推导出活性物质(三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂)的量,必须将该商品中存在的任何其它成分,如溶剂计入考虑。
相应地,如果使用制造程序指出制剂成分并且如果这样的制造产生例如具有指定固含量的聚合物分散体,正好使用这种分散体。所选主要标识是术语“聚合物分散体”还是仅活性物质,例如“聚合物”、“聚酯”或“聚氨酯改性聚丙烯酸酯”无关紧要。如果要推导活性物质(聚合物)的量,应该记住这一点。
表中指示的所有比例是重量份。
1.非本发明的水性色漆材料1的制造
表A中的“水相”下列举的组分以所示顺序搅拌在一起以形成水性混合物。在下一步骤中由“有机相”下列举的组分制备有机混合物。将有机混合物添加到水性混合物中。然后将合并的混合物搅拌10分钟并使用去离子水和二甲基乙醇胺调节至pH 8和如用旋转粘度计(来自Mettler-Toledo的Rheomat RM 180仪器)在23℃下测得的在1000s-1的剪切载荷下115mPas的喷雾粘度。
表A:水性色漆材料1
蓝膏的制造:
由69.8重量份根据国际专利申请WO 91/15528,基料分散体A制备的丙烯酸化聚氨酯分散体、12.5重量份Blue L 6482、1.5重量份二甲基乙醇胺(10%在软化水中)、1.2重量份商业聚醚(来自BASF SE的P900)和15重量份去离子水制造蓝膏。
红膏的制造:
由40重量份根据国际专利申请WO 91/15528,基料分散体A制备的丙烯酸化聚氨酯分散体、34.5重量份DPP Red、2重量份商业聚醚(来自BASF SE的P900)、3重量份1-丙氧基-2-丙醇和20.5重量份去离子水制造红膏。
2.本发明的水性色漆材料I1的制造
水性色漆材料I1类似于表A制备,但另外加入8.323重量份由6.2重量份乙酸(90%在水中)和93.8重量份10%二甲基乙醇胺/去离子水构成的混合物。
3.本发明的水性色漆材料I2的制造
水性色漆材料I2类似于表A制备,但另外加入7.482重量份由5.6重量份甲酸(85%在水中)和94.4重量份10%二甲基乙醇胺/去离子水构成的混合物。
4.本发明的水性色漆材料I3的制造
水性色漆材料I3类似于表A制备,但另外加入7.2重量份由11重量份乳酸(88%在水中)和89重量份10%二甲基乙醇胺/去离子水构成的混合物。
水性色漆材料1和I1至I3之间的比较
为了测定抗划格性,根据下列通用程序制造多层涂漆体系:
涂有固化阴极电泳漆体系并具有10×20cm尺寸的钢片充当基底。
首先用以大约20μm的干膜厚度施加的可购自BASF Coatings GmbH的水性二道底漆MB 7 245涂布这一金属片,并在70℃的温度下对这一涂层施以暂时干燥10分钟。随后在该暂时干燥的水性二道底漆膜上以25μm的干膜厚度施加水性色漆材料1和I1至I3;在室温下闪蒸4分钟以及在70℃下暂时干燥10分钟后,这些色漆用以40μm的干膜厚度施加的来自BASF Coatings GmbH的双组分清漆材料涂布。所得清漆膜在室温下闪蒸20分钟。该水性色漆膜和清漆膜随后在强制通风烘箱中在150℃下固化68分钟以产生涂有多层涂漆体系的基底,该多层涂漆体系的最上方涂层是过烘烤的清漆。
随后将水性色漆材料1和I1至I3分别以大约25μm的干膜厚度施加至上述原始涂装(多层涂漆体系)上。在该色漆材料在室温下闪蒸4分钟后,在强制通风烘箱中在70℃下对其施以暂时干燥10分钟。在该暂时干燥的水性色漆膜上以大约40μm的干膜厚度施加来自BASFCoatings GmbH的双组分清漆材料所得清漆膜在室温下闪蒸20分钟。该水性色漆膜和清漆膜随后在强制通风烘箱中在140℃下固化20分钟以产生多层涂漆体系。
检查由此获得的多层涂漆体系的划格附着力。为此,根据DIN EN ISO 2409:2013-6进行划格。根据DIN EN ISO 2409:2013-6评估划格试验的结果。低结果分数是指改进的附着力。
结果可见于表1。
表1:包含水性色漆材料1和I1至I3的体系的抗划格性
结果强调特定羧酸在水性色漆材料中的应用使得抗划格性(即涂层间附着力)与水性色漆材料1相比显著提高。
Claims (16)
1.一种在基底上制造多层涂漆体系的方法,其中
(1)提供涂有固化的多层涂漆体系的基底,所述多层涂漆体系的最上方涂层为过烘烤的清漆,其中过烘烤的清漆代表表现出缺陷的多层涂漆体系的最上方涂层,
(2)将包含至少一种具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸的水性色漆材料直接施加至来自(1)的过烘烤的清漆上,并由施加的色漆材料形成聚合物膜,其中所述色漆材料包含选自聚氨酯、聚酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或所述聚合物的共聚物的至少一种羟基官能聚合物作为基料,
(3)将清漆材料施加至(2)下获得的色漆膜上,然后
(4)将来自(2)的色漆膜和来自(3)的清漆膜一起固化。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述有机羧酸为单羧酸。
3.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述色漆材料含有基于相应水性色漆材料的总量计0.1-5重量%的具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸。
4.如权利要求2中所述的方法,其中所述色漆材料含有基于相应水性色漆材料的总量计0.1-5重量%的具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述色漆材料含有基于相应水性色漆材料的总量计0.3-1.5重量%的具有1-10个碳原子的有机羧酸。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述有机羧酸选自脂族羧酸。
7.如权利要求5中所述的方法,其中所述有机羧酸选自脂族羧酸。
8.如权利要求6中所述的方法,其中所述脂族羧酸含有1-6个碳原子。
9.如权利要求7中所述的方法,其中所述脂族羧酸含有1-6个碳原子。
10.如权利要求8或9中所述的方法,其中所述脂族羧酸含有1-3个碳原子。
11.如权利要求10中所述的方法,其中所述脂族羧酸含有1-2个碳原子。
12.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含在阶段(2)和(3)之间的阶段(2a),其中直接在(2)下获得的色漆膜上施加至少一种其它色漆材料并由所述至少一种其它色漆材料形成聚合物膜,然后在阶段(3)中直接在阶段(2a)中制备的色漆膜或最上方色漆膜上施加清漆材料,随后在阶段(4)中,将来自(2)和(2a)的色漆膜和来自(3)的清漆膜一起固化。
13.如权利要求11中所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含在阶段(2)和(3)之间的阶段(2a),其中直接在(2)下获得的色漆膜上施加至少一种其它色漆材料并由所述至少一种其它色漆材料形成聚合物膜,然后在阶段(3)中直接在阶段(2a)中制备的色漆膜或最上方色漆膜上施加清漆材料,随后在阶段(4)中,将来自(2)和(2a)的色漆膜和来自(3)的清漆膜一起固化。
14.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述基底为金属或塑料基底。
15.如权利要求13中所述的方法,其中所述基底为金属或塑料基底。
16.在基底上的多层涂漆体系,其通过如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法制备。
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