CN104363922A - 聚合物治疗组合物 - Google Patents
聚合物治疗组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104363922A CN104363922A CN201380031583.8A CN201380031583A CN104363922A CN 104363922 A CN104363922 A CN 104363922A CN 201380031583 A CN201380031583 A CN 201380031583A CN 104363922 A CN104363922 A CN 104363922A
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Abstract
本发明描述了组合物,其包含聚合物;非生理pH溶液;和可视化试剂;其中所述聚合物可溶于所述非生理pH溶液而在生理pH下不可溶。本发明还公开了形成所述溶液和聚合物的方法以及治疗应用的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年6月14日提交的美国临时专利申请号61/659,916的权益,该临时专利申请的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及血管治疗组合物和使用这些组合物治疗血管病症的方法。所述组合物可包含在经受通常存在于组织或管腔中的生理pH时由液体转变成固体的聚合物。
背景技术
栓塞术被广泛用于治疗血管畸形,例如动脉瘤、动静脉畸形、瘘管和肿瘤。这些畸形可通过多种产品来治疗,这些产品包括金属线圈、聚合物-金属混合线圈、微粒、胶和泡沫。然而,仍需要将与栓塞术相关的风险最小化的产品。
发明内容
本文描述了治疗组合物,其包含聚合物;具有非生理pH的溶液,例如水溶液;和可视化试剂;其中所述聚合物可溶于非生理pH溶液而不溶于生理pH。在一些实施方案中,所述聚合物为生物相容性的。
还描述了递送本文所述组合物的方法,其包括将包含聚合物、具有非生理pH的溶液和可视化试剂的液体栓塞组合物通过递送装置注射至具有生理pH的部位,其中所述聚合物在达到生理pH时沉淀并治疗血管障碍。
还描述了治疗血管障碍的方法,其包括将包含聚合物、具有非生理pH的溶液和可视化试剂的液体栓塞组合物通过递送装置注射至具有生理pH环境的血管,其中所述聚合物在达到生理pH时沉淀并治疗血管障碍。
所述可视化试剂可为颗粒并且可具有约5%w/w至约65%w/w的浓度。取决于与本发明组合物一起使用的成像类型,可视化试剂可为碘化化合物、金属粒子、硫酸钡、超顺磁性氧化铁、钆分子或其组合。
所述聚合物可为两种或更多种不同单体的反应产物或三种不同单体的反应产物。在其它实施方案中,所述聚合物可为一种或多种不同单体的反应产物。所述聚合物可具有介于约1%w/w和约35%w/w之间的浓度。同样,在一些实施方案中,所述聚合物可为生物相容性的。
具有非生理pH的溶液可为水溶液并且可具有小于约7的pH。在其它实施方案中,所述溶液可具有大于约8的pH。
在一个实施方案中,描述了一种用于治疗血管缺陷的组合物,其由可溶于具有非生理pH的溶液而不溶于生理pH水溶液的浓度为约1%至35%w/w的生物相容性的聚合物;具有非生理pH的溶液;和浓度为约20%w/w至约60%w/w的颗粒状可视化试剂构成。
在另一个实施方案中,描述了治疗血管障碍的方法,其包括:提供包含聚合物、具有非生理pH的溶液和可视化试剂的液体栓塞组合物,其中所述聚合物可溶于所述具有非生理pH的溶液而不溶于生理pH环境;将递送装置插入血管或组织;将所述递送装置引导至需要治疗的区域,其中所述区域具有生理pH;将所述液体栓塞聚合物组合物通过所述递送装置注射到所述需要治疗的区域处的血管中,从而立即使所述聚合物沉淀并形成固体聚合物团块;以及治疗血管病症。
附图说明
图1示出用根据实施例5施用的聚合物治疗的肾的一个月追踪血管造影照片。
图2示出经切除的根据实施例5治疗的肾的X射线图像。
图3示出填充有液体栓塞聚合物的肾动脉的组织切片。
图4A和4B示出根据实施例6的猪的网(rete)的治疗前和治疗后血管造影照片。
图5A和5B示出根据实施例7的兔的肾脉管系统的治疗后血管造影照片和治疗后CT血管造影照片以用于可视化比较。
图6示出根据实施例8的兔的肾脉管系统的使用硫酸钡的治疗后血管造影照片。
图7A和7B示出根据实施例8的兔的肾脉管系统的使用钽的治疗后血管造影照片和治疗后MR血管造影照片以用于可视化比较。
具体实施方式
本文总体描述了血管治疗组合物,其包含(i)可溶于非生理pH下的溶液而在生理pH下或在经受生理pH时不可溶的聚合物;(ii)具有非生理pH的水溶液;和(iii)可允许在体内可视化的造影剂。这些组合物可以液态通过递送装置引入并且一旦在体内经受生理pH时就转变成固态。在一个实施方案中,水溶液不包括有机溶剂。
当所述聚合物可溶时,其可通过递送装置来调配。递送装置可为适于递送本文所述液体栓塞聚合物的任何装置。例如,递送装置可为调配至递送部位和/或治疗部位的导管或微导管。然而,一旦从溶液中沉淀出,所述聚合物会更加难以调配。例如,一旦沉淀,所述聚合物在一些情况下可降低通过递送装置对其进行递送的能力。因此,本文所述的组合物和方法可提供可调配至治疗部位并且一旦处于目标部位就使其沉淀的聚合物治疗溶液;所述沉淀产物将通常不可递送。
如本文所用,治疗部位和/或递送部位可为活生物体内的任何部位。在一些实施方案中,生物为哺乳动物,例如人。人体部位可包括血管、肾管腔、脂肪组织、肌肉、结缔组织、脑脊髓液、脑组织、积贮组织(repertorytissue)、神经组织、皮下组织、心房内组织、胃肠组织等等。作为技术人员应理解,哺乳动物体内如人体内的不同组织和管腔的生理pH可不同。聚合物溶液可针对特定的递送部位pH进行定制。例如,如果要将聚合物溶液递送至其中pH往往为酸性的胃部,则聚合物溶液可在其中形成为碱性溶液。
聚合物(例如液体栓塞聚合物)的作用是在与预期治疗部位生理pH下的血液或其它生理流体接触时进行沉淀。在一些实施方案中,血流的生理pH可为约7.0、约7.1、约7.2、约7.3、约7.4、约7.5、约7.6、约7.7或约7.8的pH。在另一个实施方案中,胃部的生理pH可为约3.5、约3.6、约3.7、约3.8、约3.9、约4.0、约4.1、约4.2、约4.3、约4.4或约4.5的pH。在另一个实施方案中,肠道的生理pH可取决于肠道内的部位,但通常可为约5.5、约5.6、约5.7、约5.8、约5.9、约6.0、约6.1、约6.2、约6.3、约6.4、约6.5、约6.6、约6.7、约6.8、约6.9或约7.0的pH。以上清单中任一者的pH范围可在任意组的任意两个值之间产生。聚合物在生理pH下的沉淀可用于闭塞生物结构和/或组织。可通过选择聚合物的组成来控制液体栓塞聚合物的溶解度。
血管治疗组合物可包含非生理pH下的溶液。溶液可为水溶液。该溶液可包含可溶于非生理pH下的溶液但不溶于生理pH的聚合物。该溶液中还可包含可视化试剂。溶解度的这种变化可以是溶液内聚合物的粘度变化导致的。在其它实施方案中,溶解度的这种变化可导致溶液中聚合物的密度变化。
所述聚合物可用具有可离子化部分的单体来制备。在一些实施方案中,所述聚合物可以是两种不同单体、三种不同单体、四种不同单体、五种不同单体或更多种不同单体的反应产物。疏水性聚合物可用最小量的可离子化部分构建以使得所述聚合物可溶于非生理pH溶液。具有可离子化部分的单体与其它单体的比率可取决于单体的结构并且可通过实验测定。
含胺液体栓塞聚合物可溶解于低pH溶液中,胺可被基本上质子化并可提高聚合物的溶解度。可将所得溶液置于具有生理pH的条件中,胺可使聚合物去质子化并且不可溶。反之,含羧酸聚合物可溶于高pH溶液中,羧酸可被基本上去质子化并且提高聚合物的溶解度。可将所得溶液置于具有生理pH的条件中,羧酸可使聚合物质子化并且不可溶。
具有可离子化部分的单体可包含可聚合部分并且可包含可离子化部分。可聚合部分可为允许自由基聚合的那些,包括但不限于丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、乙烯基、其组合及其衍生物。或者,可采用其它反应性化学部分来使聚合物聚合,例如但不限于亲核物质/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、亲核物质/卤化物、乙烯基砜/丙烯酸酯或马来酰亚胺/丙烯酸酯。可聚合部分可为丙烯酸酯和/或丙烯酰胺。
可添加离子化部分以向聚合物赋予pH敏感性溶解度。可离子化部分可包括羧酸、胺及其衍生物。替代地或另外地,使用任何技术(例如t-Boc)保护的胺可用于液体栓塞聚合物的合成中。包含可聚合和可离子化部分的分子可包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、氨基乙基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(3-甲基吡啶)丙烯酰胺、N-(2-(4-氨基苯基)乙基)丙烯酰胺、N-(4-氨基苄基)丙烯酰胺、N-(2-(4-咪唑基)乙基)丙烯酰胺、其衍生物及其组合。
其它单体可包含可聚合部分并且具有有利于所需溶解或沉淀性能的结构。可聚合部分可为允许自由基聚合的那些,包括丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、乙烯基及其衍生物。替代地或另外地,可采用其它反应性化学部分来使聚合物聚合,例如但不限于亲核物质/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、亲核物质/卤化物、乙烯基砜/丙烯酸酯或马来酰亚胺/丙烯酸酯。在一个实施方案中,可聚合部分可为丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺。通常,任何单体均可用于形成所述的液体栓塞聚合物。
较不疏水的单体可能需要较少的可离子化单体来与其共聚以具有所需的溶解度特性。同样,更加疏水的单体可能需要较多的可离子化单体来与其共聚以具有所需的溶解度特性。包含可用于氢键结合的部分(例如羟基)的单体可增加沉淀聚合物的粘聚性(cohesiveness)。所用单体可包括丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺,例如丙烯酸烷基酯、烷基丙烯酸烷基酯、烷基烷基丙烯酰胺和烷基丙烯酰胺。丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺可包括但不限于丙烯酸叔丁酯、叔丁基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙稀酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丁酯、其衍生物及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,液体栓塞聚合物可由具有可离子化部分的单体与其它单体的溶液、混合物、预聚物溶液聚合而成。用于溶解单体的溶剂可为溶解或基本上溶解所选单体的任何溶剂。溶剂可包括甲醇、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜。
聚合引发剂可用于引起溶液中单体的聚合。聚合可通过还原-氧化、辐射、加热或本领域已知的任何其它方法来引发。单体溶液的辐射交联可通过采用合适引发剂的紫外线或可见光或不采用引发剂的电离辐射(例如电子束或伽马射线)来实现。可通过施加热量(通过采用诸如加热井的热源对溶液进行常规加热或通过向单体溶液施加红外线)来实现聚合。
在一个实施方案中,聚合引发剂可为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)或水溶性AIBN衍生物(2,2'-偶氮二(2-甲基丙基脒)二盐酸盐)。其它引发剂可包括N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二铵、过硫酸铵、过氧化苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈及其组合。引发剂浓度的范围可为溶液中单体质量的约0.25%w/w至约2%w/w、约0.5%w/w至约1%w/w、约0.25%w/w、约0.5%w/w、约0.75%w/w、约1%w/w、约1.25%w/w、约1.50%w/w、约1.75%w/w、约2%w/w或所列百分比内的任何范围或值。聚合反应可在约30℃至约200℃、约50℃至约100℃、约50℃、约60℃、约70℃、约80℃、约90℃或约100℃的高温下进行。聚合结束后,聚合物可通过在非溶剂中进行沉淀来回收并进行真空干燥。
具有非生理pH的水溶液可溶解液体栓塞聚合物。在一个实施方案中,水溶液不包括有机溶剂。聚合物在水溶液中的浓度范围可为约2.5%至约25%、约5%至约15%、约2.5%、约5%、约7.5%、约10%、约12.5%、约15%、约17.5%、约20%、约22.5%、约25%或由以上百分比限定的任何百分比或百分比范围。水溶液可包含最低量的缓冲液以在溶解液体栓塞聚合物后维持非生理pH,但不会不利地影响施用后患者的pH。缓冲液浓度的范围为约1mM至约200mM,约10mM至约100mM、约20mM至约80mM、约30mM至约70mM、约40mM至约60mM、约45mM至约55mM、约10mM、约20mM、约30mM、约40mM、约50mM、约60mM、约70mM、约80mM、约90mM、约100mM或所列值内的任何浓度或浓度范围。在其它实施方案中,缓冲液浓度可小于约1mM或甚至不使用。在一个实施方案中,缓冲液浓度可为约25mM。
对于包含胺的液体栓塞聚合物而言,缓冲液可包括柠檬酸盐和醋酸盐并且溶液pH可为约3至约6、约3至约5、约3、约4、约5或约6。对于包含羧酸的液体栓塞聚合物而言,缓冲液可包括碳酸盐、N-环己基-2-氨基乙磺酸(CHES)、N-环己基-2-羟基-3-氨基丙磺酸(CAMPSO)、N-环己基-3-氨基丙磺酸(CAPS)、3-[4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪基]丙磺酸(HEPPS或EPPS)、3-(N-吗啉基)丙磺酸(MOPS)、4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)、2-(N-吗啉基)乙磺酸(MES)和2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)并且溶液pH可为约8至约11、约8至约10、约8、约9、约10或约11。
一种或多种颗粒可视化剂和/或造影剂可在使用医学相关成像技术(例如荧光检查法、计算机断层照相术或磁共振技术)成像时给液体栓塞聚合物赋予可视性。荧光检查法下的聚合物可视化可通过掺入射线不可透材料(例如钡、铋、钽、铂、金和其它致密金属)的固体粒子来赋予,这些固体粒子悬浮在液体栓塞聚合物的非生理pH溶液中。在一个实施方案中,用于荧光检查法的可视化试剂可为硫酸钡。计算机断层照相术成像下的聚合物可视化可通过掺入钡或铋的固体粒子来赋予。在一个实施方案中,用于计算机断层照相术成像的可视化试剂可为硫酸钡。使得使用荧光检查法和计算机断层照相术成像时液体栓塞可见的硫酸钡浓度可为非生理pH溶液的约10%至约30%、约20%至约30%、约30%至约50%w/w、约40%至约45%w/w、约10%、约13%、约15%、约17%、约20%、约23%、约25%、约27%、约30%、约33%、约35%、约37%、约40%、约43%、约45%、约47%、约50%或所列值内的任何浓度或浓度范围。
在另一个实施方案中,用于荧光检查法的可视化试剂可为钽。使得使用荧光检查法和/或计算机断层照相术成像时液体栓塞可见的钽浓度可为非生理pH溶液的约10%至约30%、约20%至约30%、约30%至约50%w/w、约40%至约45%w/w、约10%、约13%、约15%、约17%、约20%、约23%、约25%、约27%、约30%、约33%、约35%、约37%、约40%、约43%、约45%、约47%约50%或所列值内的任何浓度或浓度范围。
磁共振成像下的液体栓塞聚合物的可视化可通过掺入超顺磁性氧化铁或钆分子的固体粒子来实现,这些固体粒子一旦沉淀就会聚合到聚合物结构中或嵌入聚合物结构中。磁共振的一种示例性可视化试剂可为粒度为10微米的超顺磁性氧化铁。使得使用磁共振成像时水凝胶可见的超顺磁性氧化铁粒子的浓度范围为聚合溶液的约0.01%w/w至约1%w/w、约0.05%w/w至约0.5%w/w或约0.1%w/w至约0.6%w/w。
另外,可使用碘化化合物来在使用荧光检查法或计算机断层照相术成像时赋予液体栓塞聚合物可视性。碘海醇(iohexol)、碘酞酸盐、泛影酸盐(diatrizoate)、甲泛影酸盐(metrizoate)、碘克酸盐(ioxaglate)、碘异酞醇、碘昔兰(ioxilan)、碘普罗胺(iopromide)或碘克沙醇(iodixanol)溶解于具有非生理pH的水溶液中可导致射线不可透。乙碘油、碘苯十一烷酸或两者悬浮于具有非生理pH的水溶液中可使得液体栓塞聚合物射线不可透。
在其它实施方案中,碘油(lipiodol)超流体可包括罂粟子油的碘化脂肪酸乙酯,其适量添加以得到碘含量为约48%的(即480mg/ml)一安瓿剂。另外,在一些实施方案中,使用碘化化合物可提供聚合物的暂时射线不可透性,因为碘化化合物可通过体内过程从栓塞术部位扩散或以其它方式带离栓塞术部位。
磁共振成像下的聚合物可视化可通过掺入超顺磁性氧化铁或水溶性钆化合物的固体粒子来赋予。在一个实施方案中,用于磁共振的可视化试剂可为粒度为约5pm、约10pm或约15pm的超顺磁性氧化铁。使得使用磁共振成像时液体栓塞可见的超顺磁性氧化铁粒子度可为非生理pH溶液的约0.1%w/w至约1%w/w、约0.1%w/w、约0.2%w/w、约0.3%w/w、约0.4%w/w、约0.5%w/w、约0.6%w/w、约0.7%w/w、约0.8%w/w、约0.9%w/w、约1%w/w或所列值内的任何浓度或浓度范围。
如果使用颗粒状可视化试剂,则其可通过将液体栓塞聚合物溶解于具有非生理pH的水溶液中并添加颗粒剂来制备。如果使用可溶性可视化试剂,则其可通过将液体栓塞聚合物和水溶性可视化试剂溶解于具有非生理pH的水溶液中来制备。
本文所述的液体栓塞聚合物、溶液和聚合物可在基本上不使聚合物降解的情况下进行灭菌。灭菌后,聚合物的至少约50%、约60%、约70%、约80%、约90%、约95%、约99%或约100%可保持完整。在一个实施方案中,灭菌方法可为高压灭菌并且可在施用聚合物之前采用。
可使用针头和注射器从小瓶中移出液体栓塞聚合物制剂,所述注射器随后将连接至递送导管。为了防止过早的液体栓塞聚合物沉积,可通过推注用于溶解液体栓塞聚合物的具有非生理pH的相同水溶液对递送导管进行预处理。此冲洗可防止液体栓塞聚合物堵塞递送导管。然后可将容纳液体栓塞制剂的注射器连接至递送导管(例如微导管、套管等)的近端并定位在所需的血管或其它解剖部位中。
当注射液体栓塞制剂时,其可将具有非生理pH的水溶液冲洗溶液推出微导管。注射速率可提供不同的沉淀量和/或沉淀性能。例如,较慢的注射速率可实现液体栓塞聚合物的更远侧渗透,而较快的注射速率可实现更近侧渗透。在其它实施方案中,相反的情况也可成立。在另一实施方案中,较慢的注射速率可导致更多的沉淀,而较快的注射速率可导致较少的沉淀。在其它实施方案中,可产生相反的效果。沉淀速度可为快的,并且在一些情况下可为迅速的(immediate),例如快于人眼能够辨别的速度。在其它实施方案中,所述聚合物可在以下时间内沉淀:不足约60s、约50s、约40s、约30s、约20s、约10s、约5s、约4s、约3s、约2s、约1s、约0.75s、约0.5s、约0.25s、约0.1s、约0.05s、约0.01s、约0.001s或这些值中的任何值所涵盖的任何范围。例如,在一个实施方案中,聚合物可在约0.01s和约30s之间的时间内沉淀。
然后水溶液的pH可由于身体组织和流体的大缓冲量而快速转变成生理pH。另外,溶液的低缓冲强度可导致pH的快速变化。可使用与所选颗粒剂或试剂相容的成像技术来观察递送导管内液体栓塞制剂的进展。通过持续注射,液体栓塞制剂可进入目标递送部位或治疗部位。
身体组织的大缓冲量可导致液体栓塞聚合物上存在的可离子化部分快速去质子化或质子化,从而降低液体栓塞聚合物的溶解度并导致其从溶液中沉淀。沉淀的液体栓塞聚合物可夹带颗粒剂并且可提供对目标部位的闭塞。
沉淀的液体栓塞聚合物可为固体沉淀物团块。在一些实施方案中,所述团块可具有小于约20%、约10%、约5%、约1%、约0.1%、约0.01或约0.001%的碎片率。在一些实施方案中,沉淀的聚合物可为粘聚的并且基本上保持为固体团块。
沉淀的液体栓塞聚合物一旦植入就可基本上保持稳定。例如,液体栓塞聚合物可在约5天、约2周、约1个月、约2个月、约6个月、约9个月、约一年、约2年、约5年、约10年或约20年后保持大于约60%、约70%约80%、约90%、约95%、约99%或约100%完整。
在一些实施方案中,然而,可能理想的是沉淀的液体栓塞聚合物随时间推移而降解。在此类实施方案中,液体栓塞聚合物可在约5天、约2周、约1个月、约2个月、约6个月、约9个月、约一年、约2年、约5年或约10年后降解至小于约40%、约30%约20%、约10%、约5%或约1%完整。
另外,液体栓塞聚合物一旦沉淀就可粘聚到足以粘着至组织和/或通过与组织摩擦而保持在适当的位置。在其它实施方案中,沉淀聚合物可充当血管中的栓塞,其通过血液本身的流动和压力而保持在适当的位置。
实施例1
聚合物制备
向3mL甲醇中添加1.6g丙烯酸叔丁酯、0.4g甲基丙烯酸氨基乙酯和10mg偶氮二异丁腈。在完全溶解时,将溶液在80℃下放置8小时。然后,在冷却至室温后,将聚合物通过在乙醚中沉淀来回收并真空干燥。
实施例2
水溶液制备
向1L蒸馏水中添加9g氯化钠和6.81g磷酸二氢钾。在完全溶解时,用磷酸将溶液的pH调节至3。
实施例3
液体栓塞聚合物制剂的制备
向9g实施例2的液体中添加1g实施例1的聚合物。通过在55℃温育24小时来辅助聚合物的溶解。完全溶解后,添加3g硫酸钡。然后将液体栓塞聚合物制剂等分到小瓶中并加盖。将小瓶在121℃下高压灭菌15分钟。
实施例4
单体浓度对溶解度的影响
使用实施例1和2中描述的技术来制备表1中描述的聚合物。探查聚合物在pH 3(非生理)和pH 7.4(生理)的水溶液中的溶解度。
表1
表1的结果表明可如果通过聚合物中存在的可离子化部分的量来控制液体栓塞聚合物的溶解度。
实施例5
兔肾中液体栓塞聚合物的体内评价
将根据实施例1、2和3的技术制备的液体栓塞聚合物制剂用于五个兔肾的栓塞术。在所有五个肾中均获得血管造影性闭塞。在1个月(n=2,图1)和3个月(n=3)的随访评价时这些肾保持血管造影性闭塞。对肾的组织学评价证实液体栓塞聚合物良好地渗透到脉管系统中以及由于液体栓塞聚合物移除供血而导致的大量组织破坏(图2和3)。
实施例6
猪网中液体栓塞聚合物的体内评价
将根据实施例1、2和3的技术制备的液体栓塞聚合物制剂用于急性猪体的网(rete)的栓塞术。在工序结束时,获得网的血管造影性闭塞,并且在与图4A中的治疗前血管造影照片和图4B中的治疗后血管造影照片比较时可被观察到。
实施例7
液体栓塞聚合物的CT评价
将根据实施例1、2和3的技术制备的液体栓塞聚合物制剂用于兔子的肾脉管系统的栓塞术。将液体栓塞制剂用硫酸钡来造影。在工序结束时,用CT扫描器对兔子进行成像,并且在将图5A中的治疗前血管造影照片与图5B中的治疗后CT血管造影照片比较时可观察到差异。
实施例8
液体栓塞聚合物的MR评价
将根据实施例1、2和3的技术制备的液体栓塞聚合物制剂用于兔子的肾脉管系统的栓塞术。将液体栓塞制剂用钽或硫酸钡造影。在工序结束时,用MR扫描器对兔子进行成像,并且在将图6和7A中的治疗前血管造影照片与图7B中的MR血管造影照片比较时可观察到差异。
实施例9
粘聚性提高的聚合物的制备
向3mL甲醇中添加0.5g丙烯酸叔丁酯、1.2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、0.3g甲基丙烯酸氨基乙酯和10mg偶氮二异丁腈。在所有组分完全溶解时,将溶液在80℃下放置8小时。在冷却至室温后,将聚合物通过在乙醚中沉淀来回收并真空干燥。
实施例10
具有非生理pH和可溶性碘的水溶液的制备
向1L蒸馏水中添加9g氯化钠、6.81g磷酸二氢钾和200g碘海醇。在所有组分完全溶解时,用磷酸将溶液的pH调节至3。
实施例11
液体栓塞聚合物制剂的制备
向9g实施例11的液体中添加1g实施例10的聚合物。通过在55℃下温育数小时来辅助聚合物的溶解。在液体栓塞聚合物溶解后,随后将液体栓塞聚合物制剂等分到小瓶中并加盖。将小瓶在121℃下高压灭菌15分钟。
实施例12
液体栓塞聚合物制剂沉淀的比较
通过将每种制剂滴加到过量的pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中来评价实施例3和11的液体栓塞聚合物制剂。对沉淀物的沉淀速度和粘聚性进行评价。结果包括于表2中。
表2
沉淀速度 | 沉淀物的粘聚性 | |
实施例3制剂 | 迅速 | 大量的聚合物片 |
实施例11制剂 | 迅速 | 单片聚合物 |
实施例13
用于碱性pH环境中的液体栓塞
向3mL甲醇中添加1.6g丙烯酸叔丁酯、0.4g甲基丙烯酸氨基乙酯和10mg偶氮二异丁腈在组分完全溶解时,将溶液在80℃下放置8小时。在冷却至室温后,将聚合物通过在乙醚中沉淀来回收并真空干燥。向1L蒸馏水中添加9g氯化钠和6.81g磷酸二氢钾。在组分完全溶解时,用磷酸将溶液的pH调节至3。
向9g液体中添加1克聚合物。通过在55℃下温育24小时来辅助聚合物的溶解。在液体栓塞聚合物溶解后,将7g硫酸钡添加到溶液中。然后将液体栓塞制剂等分到小瓶中并加盖。将小瓶在121℃下高压灭菌30分钟。
可将此类液体栓塞制剂如本文所述植入到肠道中或聚合物在其中沉淀的其它高pH环境中。
实施例14
用于酸性pH环境中的液体栓塞
向3mL甲醇中添加0.5g甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、1.5g甲基丙烯酸和10mg偶氮二异丁腈。在组分完全溶解时,将溶液在80℃下放置8小时。在冷却至室温后,将聚合物通过在乙醚中沉淀来回收并真空干燥。向1L蒸馏水中添加9g氯化钠和4.2g碳酸氢钠。在组分完全溶解时,用氢氧化钠的pH调节至10。
向9g液体中添加1克聚合物。通过在55℃下温育24小时来辅助聚合物的溶解。在液体栓塞聚合物溶解后,将7g硫酸钡添加到溶液中。然后将液体栓塞制剂等分到小瓶中并加盖。将小瓶在121℃下高压灭菌30分钟。
将此类液体栓塞制剂如本文所述植入到胃中或聚合物在其中沉淀的其它低pH环境中。
除非另外指明,说明书和权利要求中使用的表示成分量、性质(例如分子量、反应条件等)的所有数字应被理解为在所有情况下均受术语“约”修饰。因此除非有相反的说明,说明书和所附权利要求中提及的数值参数均为近似值,其可根据本发明寻求获得的性质而变化。在最低程度上,并且不试图限制等同原则对权利要求书的范围的应用,每个数值参数应至少按照所报告的有效数位并通过应用惯常的四舍五入法加以解读。虽然设定本发明的广泛范围所给出的数字范围和参数为近似值,但具体实施例中所示的数值会尽可能准确地报告。然而,任何数值固有地包含了由于存在于它们各自测试量度中的标准偏差而无法避免的某些错误。
除非本文中另外指明或上下文明显矛盾,在描述本发明的上下文(尤其是以下权利要求的上下文)中,不使用数量词时应被理解为涵盖单数和复数。本文对值的范围的列举仅仅是为了用作单独提及落在该范围内的每个单独数值的快捷方法。除非本文另外指明,否则每个单独的值均包括在本说明书中,就像在本文中单独列举一样。除非本文中另外指明或上下文明显矛盾,本文中所描述的所有方法可以任何适当的顺序进行。使用本文提供的任何和所有实例或示例性语言(例如,“诸如”)仅仅是为了更好地阐明本发明,而不是对受权利要求书保护的本发明的范围进行限制。说明书中没有任何语言应解释为指示任何未要求保护的要素对实践本发明而言必要的。
在本文所公开的本发明的备选要素或实施方案的分组不应视为限制性的。每个群组成员可单独地或与群组成员或本文中存在的其它要素组合地提及和要求保护。预期组的一个或更多个组员可以由于方便和/或专利性的原因包含在组中或从组中删除。当任何这样的包括或删除发生时,说明书应被认为是包含经过修饰的组,从而实现对所附权利要求中使用的任何和全部马库什群组的书面描述。
本发明的某些实施方案在本文中有所描述,包括发明人已知的实施本发明最佳模式。当然,在阅读前述说明书之后,所述实施方案的各种变型对于本领域普通技术人员而言将变得显而易见。发明人预见到技术人员会酌情采用此类变型,并且发明人意图将本发明以除了本文中具体描述的方式之外的方式来实践。因此,根据适用法律的许可,本发明包括所附权利要求书中列出的主题的所有修改形式和等效形式。此外,本发明涵盖上述要素在其所有可能的变化形式中的任何组合,除非本文中另外指明,或换句话讲与语境明显矛盾。
总之,应当理解,本文所公开的本发明实施方案本发明原理的示例。可采用的其他修改形式在本发明的范围之内。因此,本发明可供选择的模型可根据本文的教导内容以举例的方式,但不限于其利用。因此,本发明不限于准确示出和描述的那些方面。
Claims (28)
1.一种组合物,其包含:
聚合物;
具有非生理pH的水溶液;和
可视化试剂;
其中所述生物相容性的聚合物可溶于所述水溶液中并且在治疗部位处的生理pH下不可溶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述可视化试剂为颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述可视化试剂具有约5%至约65%的浓度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述可视化试剂为碘化化合物、硫酸钡、超顺磁性氧化铁、钆分子或其组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物为两种不同单体的反应产物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物为三种不同单体的反应产物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述非生理pH溶液为水溶液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述非生理pH溶液具有小于约6的pH。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述非生理pH溶液具有大于约8的pH。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有约1%w/w至约35%w/w的浓度。
11.一种组合物,其包含:
非生理pH下的第一水溶液;
浓度为约1%至35%w/w、可溶于所述非生理pH下的第一水溶液而不溶于生理pH下的第二水溶液的聚合物;和
浓度为约20%w/w至约60%w/w的颗粒状可视化试剂。
12.一种递送组合物的方法,其包括:
将包含聚合物、非生理pH溶液和可视化试剂的液体栓塞组合物通过递送装置注射到具有生理pH环境的部位中,
其中所述聚合物在其达到生理pH时沉淀。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可视化试剂为颗粒。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可视化试剂具有约5%至约65%的浓度。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可视化试剂为为碘化化合物或硫酸钡。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述聚合物为两种不同单体的反应产物。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述聚合物为三种不同单体的反应产物。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述非生理pH溶液为水溶液。
19.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述非生理pH溶液具有小于约5的pH。
20.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述非生理pH溶液具有大于约8的pH。
21.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述聚合物具有约1%w/w至约35%w/w的浓度。
22.一种治疗血管障碍的方法,其包括:
提供包含生物相容性的聚合物、非生理pH溶液和可视化试剂的液体栓塞组合物,其中所述生物相容性的聚合物可溶于所述非生理pH溶液而不溶于生理pH;
将递送装置插入血管;
将所述递送装置引导至需要治疗的区域,其中所述区域具有生理pH;
将所述液体栓塞聚合物组合物通过所述递送装置注射到所述需要治疗的区域处的血管中,从而立即使所述聚合物沉淀并形成固体聚合物团块;和
治疗血管病症。
23.一种根据全部前述权利要求所述的治疗血管障碍的方法。
24.一种如本文所述的治疗血管障碍的方法。
25.一种如本文所述的制备液体栓塞聚合物的方法。
26.一种如本文所述的制备液体栓塞聚合物溶液的方法。
27.一种如本文所述的液体栓塞组合物。
28.一种如本文所述的聚合物组合物。
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