CN104275469A - Solid-liquid connecting method of aluminum materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid-liquid connection method for aluminum materials, which comprises the following steps: performing zinc layer protection treatment on the surface of a solid aluminum alloy preset material to be connected; melting and refining the aluminum alloy to be poured to obtain a liquid cast aluminum alloy; The solid aluminum alloy preset material to be connected after the surface zinc layer protection treatment is preset in the mold cavity; the liquid cast aluminum alloy is poured into the mold cavity to form a metallurgical bond between the two aluminum alloy materials to be connected , which completes the solid-liquid connection of dissimilar aluminum alloys. The method of the invention utilizes the technical means of solid-liquid connection after surface zinc layer protection, solves a series of problems such as oxidized slag inclusion, air suction, thermal cracking, and composition segregation that often occur when connecting aluminum alloys by traditional welding methods, and overcomes surface oxidation. Membrane hinders the difficulty of forming metallurgical combination, the composite technology process is simple, less restricted by shape conditions, simple process equipment requirements, no gas protection.

Description

Solid-liquid connection method for aluminum materials

technical field

The invention relates to a connection method between two metals, in particular to a solid-liquid connection method for aluminum materials.

Background technique

Due to its excellent characteristics, aluminum and its alloy materials have low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good impact resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, good processing formability and high recycling and regeneration, etc. , are widely used in vehicles, ships, construction, machinery, aerospace and power electronics industries. With the rapid development of industry and the continuous advancement of science and technology, it is difficult for a single material to meet the requirements for comprehensive performance of materials in various fields. Heterogeneous aluminum alloy composite materials can combine the advantages of each component in design, so that they have good comprehensive performance. , and has a wide range of applications, and has received more and more attention. Compared with single metal materials, its advantages are embodied in the following three aspects: 1. Excellent comprehensive performance; 2. Good economic benefits; 3. Extensive designability. Therefore, it is widely used in many fields such as aerospace, military weapons, transportation and electronic information.

However, due to the unique physical and chemical properties of aluminum alloys, a series of problems such as oxidation slag inclusions, gas absorption, thermal cracking, and composition segregation often occur when joining aluminum alloys by traditional welding methods. After searching the prior art, it is found that in addition to welding, there are three types of connection methods: solid-liquid connection, solid-solid connection and liquid-liquid connection. Some researchers have connected two aluminum alloys together by solid connection methods such as rolling, diffusion welding, explosive welding extrusion and friction stir welding. However, aluminum and its alloy materials are easily oxidized in the atmospheric environment, especially under high temperature conditions. Under normal conditions, a thick and dense oxide film will form on the surface of the aluminum alloy, which seriously hinders the interaction between the two metals. In addition, oil and impurities on the surface will also affect the bonding process, making it difficult for the aluminum alloys to bond. The formation of metallurgical bonding leads to the failure of the ideal connection strength. At the same time, the solid connection is often limited by the equipment, and there are very strict requirements for the shape and size of the material, which limits the promotion of aluminum-aluminum bimetallic materials to a certain extent. and apply. In addition, some researchers use the liquid-liquid composite mechanism to connect two aluminum alloys together through two casting methods, but the requirements for equipment are relatively high, and the production process is very complicated.

Compared with the other two methods, the solid-liquid composite technology has simple procedures, less constraints on shape conditions, simple process equipment requirements, and high production efficiency. It is an ideal method for joining dissimilar aluminum alloys. After searching the prior art, it is found that this method has been widely used in steel (solid state)-cast iron (liquid state), cast iron (solid state)-aluminum alloy (liquid state), steel (solid state)-aluminum alloy (liquid state), Aluminum alloy (solid state) - magnesium alloy (liquid state), copper (solid state) - cast iron (liquid state) and other systems, the bimetallic composite materials prepared are widely used in various industrial fields, such as crusher hammer, aluminum clad steel core Feet lines, automotive manifolds, automotive structural materials, etc., have proven to be a very cost-effective method for preparing bimetallic composites. However, the application of aluminum alloy as a preset solid material is seldom, because the oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy will affect the direct interaction between solid preset aluminum alloy and liquid material, which hinders its industrial application.

Contents of the invention

In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-liquid connection method for aluminum materials, which solves the problems of oxidation slag inclusion, gas absorption, thermal cracking, and component segregation in the bonding area that are often caused in the existing aluminum alloy connection technology. At the same time, the existence of the oxide film will seriously affect a series of problems such as the interaction between the two metals and the performance of the connecting parts, so that the two aluminum alloys form a metallurgical bond with excellent mechanical properties.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for solid-liquid connection of aluminum materials, the method comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Carry out zinc layer protection treatment on the surface of the solid aluminum alloy to be connected, and then pre-place it in the mold cavity;

Step 2, melting and refining another aluminum material to be connected to obtain a liquid cast aluminum material;

Step 3: Pour the liquid cast aluminum material obtained in Step 2 into the mold cavity, and cast to form a metallurgical bond between the two aluminum materials to be connected, that is, to complete the solid-liquid connection of the aluminum materials.

Preferably, in step 1, the solid aluminum material includes pure aluminum, cast aluminum alloy, deformed aluminum alloy or aluminum matrix composite material and the like.

Preferably, in step 1, the method for protecting the surface zinc layer includes electroplating, electroless plating, hot-dip plating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition and the like.

Preferably, in step 1, the thickness of the zinc layer protected by the surface zinc layer protection treatment is 0.1-40 μm.

Preferably, in step 2, the aluminum material includes pure aluminum, cast aluminum alloy or deformed aluminum alloy and the like.

Preferably, in step three, the casting includes sand casting, metal casting, low pressure casting, high pressure casting, vacuum casting, squeeze casting, centrifugal casting and the like.

Preferably, the extrusion casting temperature is 600°C-750°C, and the extrusion pressure is 0-120MPa.

Preferably, the temperature of the metal mold casting is 600-750°C.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Compared with the traditional welding method, it avoids a series of problems such as oxidation slag inclusion, gas absorption, thermal cracking, and composition segregation;

(2) Compared with the solid-solid connection method, it is less restricted by the shape conditions, and the connection between dissimilar aluminum alloys of any shape can be realized theoretically. Compared with the liquid-liquid connection method, the technical process is simple and the requirements for process equipment are simple;

(3) The solution of the present invention utilizes a galvanizing process to well solve the problem of surface oxide film, and can make the connection strength between dissimilar aluminum alloys reach a higher level.

Description of drawings

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of tensile strength test pattern of embodiment 1;

Among them, 1 and 2 are night cast aluminum materials, and 3 is solid aluminum materials;

Fig. 2 is the metallographic diagram of the interface area of 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy in embodiment 1;

Among them, 4 is the interface between 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy

Fig. 3 is the metallographic diagram of 6101 aluminum alloy and industrial pure aluminum interface area in embodiment 2;

Among them, 5 is the interface between 6101 aluminum alloy and industrial pure aluminum;

Fig. 4 is the metallographic diagram of 6101 aluminum alloy and 6101 aluminum alloy interface area in embodiment 3;

Among them, 6 is the interface between 6101 aluminum alloy and 6101 aluminum alloy;

Fig. 5 is the metallographic diagram of the interface area of 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy in embodiment 5;

Among them, 7 is the interface between 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy;

Fig. 6 is the metallographic diagram of the interface area of 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy in embodiment 6;

Among them, 8 is the interface between 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

This embodiment relates to a method for connecting deformed aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Electrogalvanizing treatment is carried out on the surface of the solid 6101 aluminum alloy (deformed aluminum alloy) preset material to be connected, and the thickness of the galvanized layer is 5 μm;

Step 2, melting and refining A356 aluminum alloy and (cast aluminum alloy) to be poured;

Step 3. Presetting the electro-galvanized 6101 aluminum alloy preset material obtained in Step 1 in the mold cavity;

Step 4, using a metal mold casting method, pouring the A356 aluminum alloy into the cavity of the mold at 700°C. To form a metallurgical bond between two aluminum alloy materials, that is, to complete the solid-liquid connection of dissimilar aluminum alloys.

Figure 2 is a diagram of the interface area after solid-liquid bonding of 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy under this condition. It can be observed from the figure that there are no defects such as oxidation slag inclusions, gas absorption, and thermal cracks in the bonding area; There is no obvious interface, and a metallurgical bond is formed, and the A356 dendrites grow directly from the 6101 substrate; the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of the metallurgical bond. After tensile test (see Figure 1 for the schematic diagram of tensile strength, 3 is a solid aluminum material, which is pre-placed in the inner cavity of the mold, and then poured into liquid aluminum materials 1 and 2), the tensile strength is 144MPa, and the fracture The location is in the lower strength A356 matrix, and there is no cracking phenomenon in the interface area, indicating that the connection strength is greater than 144MPa.

Example 2

This embodiment relates to a method for connecting deformed aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, including the following steps:

Step 1. Electrogalvanizing treatment is performed on the surface of the solid 6101 aluminum alloy preset material to be connected, and the thickness of the galvanizing layer is 5 μm;

Step 2, melting and refining the pure aluminum to be poured;

Step 3. Presetting the electro-galvanized 6101 aluminum alloy preset material obtained in Step 1 in the mold cavity;

Step 4: Using a squeeze casting method, pour pure aluminum into the cavity of the mold at 700° C., with a squeeze pressure of 20 MPa. To form a metallurgical bond between two aluminum alloy materials, that is, to complete the solid-liquid connection of dissimilar aluminum materials.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the interface area between 6101 aluminum alloy and industrial pure aluminum under this condition. It can be observed from the diagram that there are no defects such as oxidized slag inclusions, gas absorption, and hot cracks in the bonding area; There is no obvious interface between the alloys, forming a metallurgical bond, which solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of the metallurgical bond. After tensile test, the tensile strength is 65MPa, the fracture position is in the pure aluminum matrix with low strength, and there is no obvious cracking phenomenon in the interface area, indicating that the connection strength is greater than 65MPa.

Example 3

This embodiment relates to a method for connecting deformed aluminum alloys and deformed aluminum alloys, including the following steps:

Step 1. The surface of the solid 6101 aluminum alloy preset material to be connected is subjected to thermal spraying zinc treatment, and the thickness of the zinc layer is 20 μm;

Step 2, melting and refining the 6101 aluminum alloy to be poured;

Step 3, presetting the 6101 aluminum alloy preset material obtained in step 1 that has been subjected to thermal spray zinc treatment in the mold cavity;

Step 4: Using a squeeze casting method, pour 6101 aluminum alloy into the cavity of the mold at 700° C., with a squeeze pressure of 50 MPa. To form a metallurgical bond between two aluminum alloy materials, that is, to complete the solid-liquid connection of the same aluminum alloy.

Figure 4 is a diagram of the interface area between 6101 aluminum alloy and 6101 aluminum alloy under this condition. Under this condition, after the solid-liquid combination of 6101 aluminum alloy and 61016 aluminum alloy, there are no defects such as oxidation slag inclusion, air absorption, and thermal cracking in the bonding area; There is no obvious interface between the aluminum alloys, forming a metallurgical bond, and the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of the metallurgical bond. After tensile test, the tensile strength is 210MPa, the fracture position is in the solid pre-set aluminum alloy 6101 matrix, and there is no obvious cracking phenomenon in the interface area, indicating that the connection strength is greater than 210MPa.

Example 4

This embodiment relates to a method for connecting a cast aluminum alloy and a deformed aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. The surface of the solid A356 aluminum alloy preset material to be connected is electro-galvanized, and the thickness of the zinc layer is 10 μm;

Step 2, melting and refining the 6101 aluminum alloy to be poured;

Step 3. Presetting the electro-galvanized 6101 aluminum alloy preset material obtained in Step 1 in the mold cavity;

Step 4: Using a squeeze casting method, pour 6101 aluminum alloy into the cavity of the mold at 700° C., with a squeeze pressure of 70 MPa. To form a metallurgical bond between two aluminum alloy materials, that is, to complete the solid-liquid connection of dissimilar aluminum alloys.

The results show that under this condition, after the solid-liquid bonding of 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy, there are no defects such as oxidized slag inclusions, gas absorption, and thermal cracking in the bonding area; there is no obvious interface between the two aluminum alloys, and a metallurgical bond is formed. The use of the surface protection zinc layer well solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of metallurgical bonding. After tensile test, the tensile strength is 180MPa, the fracture position is in the lower strength A356 matrix, and there is no obvious cracking phenomenon in the interface area, indicating that the connection strength is greater than 180MPa.

Example 5

This embodiment relates to a method for connecting deformed aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Perform electrogalvanizing treatment on the surface of the solid 6101 aluminum alloy preset material to be connected, and the thickness of the galvanized layer is 10 μm;

Step 2, melting and refining the A356 aluminum alloy to be poured;

Step 3. Presetting the electro-galvanized 6101 aluminum alloy preset material obtained in Step 1 in the mold cavity;

Step 4: Using a squeeze casting method, the A356 aluminum alloy is poured into the cavity of the mold at 700° C., and the extrusion pressure is 30 MPa. To form a metallurgical bond between two aluminum alloy materials to be connected, that is, to complete the solid-liquid connection of dissimilar aluminum alloys.

Figure 5 is a diagram of the interface area after solid-liquid bonding between 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy under this condition. It can be observed from the figure that there are no defects such as oxidized slag inclusions, gas absorption, and thermal cracks in the bonding area; There is no obvious interface, and a metallurgical bond is formed, and the A356 dendrites grow directly from the 6101 substrate; the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of the metallurgical bond. After tensile test, the connection strength is 160MPa.

Example 6

This embodiment relates to a solid-liquid connection method for an aluminum alloy, and the specific scheme is the same as that of Embodiment 5, except that:

In step 1, the thickness of the galvanized layer is 1 μm;

In step 4, the pouring conditions are 700° C. and 0 MPa.

Figure 6 is a diagram of the interface area of the 6101 aluminum alloy and the A356 aluminum alloy after solid-liquid bonding under this condition. It can be observed from the figure that there are no defects such as oxidation slag inclusions, gas absorption, and thermal cracks in the bonding area; There is no obvious interface, and a metallurgical bond is formed, and the A356 dendrites grow directly from the 6101 substrate; the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of the metallurgical bond. After tensile test, the connection strength is 159MPa.

Example 7

This embodiment relates to a solid-liquid connection method for an aluminum alloy, and the specific scheme is the same as that of Embodiment 5, except that:

In step 2, the alloy to be poured is ZL109 aluminum alloy;

In step 4, the pouring conditions are 600°C and 20MPa.

The results show that under this condition, after the solid-liquid combination of 6101 aluminum alloy and ZL109 aluminum alloy, there are no defects such as oxidized slag, gas absorption, thermal cracking, etc. in the bonding area; there is no obvious interface between the two aluminum alloys, and a metallurgical bond is formed. ZL109 aluminum alloy dendrites grow directly from the 6101 substrate; the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of metallurgical bonding. After tensile test, the connection strength is 195MPa.

Example 8

This embodiment relates to a solid-liquid connection method for an aluminum alloy, and the specific scheme is the same as that of Embodiment 5, except that:

In step 1, the thickness of the galvanized layer is 20 μm;

In Step 4, the pouring conditions are 750°C and 120MPa.

The results show that under this condition, after the solid-liquid bonding of 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy, there are no defects such as oxidized slag inclusions, gas absorption, and thermal cracking in the bonding area; there is no obvious interface between the two aluminum alloys, and a metallurgical bond is formed. A356 dendrites grow directly from the 6101 substrate; the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of metallurgical bonding. After tensile test, the connection strength is 162MPa.

Example 9

This embodiment relates to a solid-liquid connection method for an aluminum alloy, and the technical solution is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

In step 2, the alloy to be poured is ZL109 aluminum alloy;

In step four, pouring is performed at 600°C.

The results show that under this condition, after the solid-liquid combination of 6101 aluminum alloy and ZL109 aluminum alloy, there are no defects such as oxidized slag, gas absorption, thermal cracking, etc. in the bonding area; there is no obvious interface between the two aluminum alloys, and a metallurgical bond is formed. ZL109 dendrites grow directly from the 6101 substrate; the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of metallurgical bonding. The tensile test shows that the connection strength is 180MPa, the fracture position is in the lower strength ZL109 matrix, and there is no cracking in the interface area, indicating that the connection strength is greater than 180MPa.

Example 10

This embodiment relates to a solid-liquid connection method for an aluminum alloy, and the technical solution is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that:

In step 1, the thickness of the galvanized layer is 18 μm;

In step four, pouring is performed at 750°C.

The results show that under this condition, after the solid-liquid bonding of 6101 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy, there are no defects such as oxidized slag inclusions, gas absorption, and thermal cracking in the bonding area; there is no obvious interface between the two aluminum alloys, and a metallurgical bond is formed. A356 dendrites grow directly from the 6101 substrate; the use of the surface protection zinc layer solves the problem that the oxide film hinders the formation of metallurgical bonding. After tensile test, the fracture strength is 146MPa, the fracture location is in the lower strength A356 matrix, and there is no cracking phenomenon in the interface area, indicating that the connection strength is greater than 146MPa.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a solid-liquid method of attachment for aluminum material, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

Step one, surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment is carried out to solid aluminum material to be connected, be then preset in mold cavity;

Step 2, melt another aluminum material to be connected and refining, obtain liquid pouring aluminum material;

Step 3, pour in mold cavity by step 2 gained liquid pouring aluminum material, casting makes to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum materials to be connected, and the solid-liquid namely completing aluminum material connects.

2. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step one, described aluminum material comprises fine aluminium, Birmasil, wrought aluminium alloy or aluminum matrix composite.

3. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step one, the method for described surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment comprises plating, chemical plating, hot-dip, thermal spraying or vapour deposition.

4. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the zinc coating thickness 0.1 ~ 40 μm of described surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment.

5. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, described aluminum material comprises fine aluminium, Birmasil or wrought aluminium alloy.

6. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, described casting comprises sand casting, permanent mold casting, low pressure casting, high-pressure casting, vacuum pressing and casting, extrusion casint or centrifugal casting.

7. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the pouring temperature in described extrusion casint is 600 ~ 750 DEG C, and the pressure of extruding is 0 ~ 120MPa.

8. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the pouring temperature in described permanent mold casting is 600 ~ 750 DEG C.