CN104196006B - Desertification soil remediation method - Google Patents
Desertification soil remediation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104196006B CN104196006B CN201410438727.8A CN201410438727A CN104196006B CN 104196006 B CN104196006 B CN 104196006B CN 201410438727 A CN201410438727 A CN 201410438727A CN 104196006 B CN104196006 B CN 104196006B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000359 Triticum dicoccon Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000565359 Fraxinus chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001330451 Paspalum notatum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000052363 Cynodon dactylon Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000532841 Platanus orientalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001278112 Populus euphratica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000185180 Pyrus betulifolia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006877 Pyrus betulifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000046101 Sophora japonica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010586 Sophora japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001520823 Zoysia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001102 Zoysia matrella Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of desertification soil remediation method, comprise the steps: to lay by ecological vegetation carpet and the vegetational zone that shelter-forest is alternately laid, plantation forms to direction, desert with vegetation intersection along desertification soil on desertification soil;Vegetational zone is set up wood barricade;Offer ecological vegetation ditch and cistern and lay the support plank being coated with ecological vegetation carpet thereon;Laying the water pipe with shower nozzle, water pipe connects water pump, and the drinking-water pipe of water pump stretches in cistern;The vegetational zone laid is carried out final management and maintenance;Desertification soil remediation method provided by the invention implements once can reach can thoroughly change after desertification soil remediation effect, grass seeds and shelter-forest plant grow up to desertification soil soil property, administers thoroughly, and the utensil used in governance process is all detachable and reclaims;The method instant effect, cycle operation short, easy, treatment cost are low, and the vegetation survival rate of plantation is high, and the later stage is easily managed and protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of desertification soil remediation method, belong to soil sandification and administer field.
Background technology
At present, climate warming, decrease in precipitation exacerbate the climate arid of the Northwest's weather and soil.This makes the vegetation coverage in this district reduce, and it is looser that Soil structure becomes, and accelerates the desertification in soil.Additionally Climate Warming, on a large scale weather continuous drought, bring to various water resources (glacier, lake, river etc.) and have a strong impact on, make glacial recession, river discharge reduction or cutout, Lakes Dry Up, and level of ground water declines.Large-area vegetation is dead because of hydropenia, loses protection earth's surface soil function, accelerates soil sandification speed.
Existing Desert Control method mainly adopts afforestation, but this method have high input, take effect slow, the cycle is long, and cannot directly stop soil water evaporation, loss, produce effects little;Also have area to use the spray administering method such as film, liquid-state mulch film, but all can only play a role at short notice, it is impossible to fundamentally administer soil sandification.The soil of desertification is generally evaporation capacity more than rainfall, directly the grown on soil plant of desertification, does not only have the effect reducing moisture evaporation, and water regime of soil inhibits growth and the existence of plant on the contrary.
A kind of method that Chinese patent " a kind of method of Desert Control " (patent No.: CN02130859) discloses Desert Control, utilize and artificial lawn cuts out implantation hole, implantation hole is sprinkled into soil serike, the effect play water conservation with this, fix the sand, afforesting, but use artificial lawn cost high, and artificial lawn needs timing to change, plant growing is affected during replacing, serike in implantation hole, plant growing density is low, it is difficult to ensure plant survival rate.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and a kind of desertification soil remediation method is provided, ecological vegetation carpet is utilized alternately to lay Desert Control soil with shelter-forest, can effectively realizing the water conservation to desertification soil, fix the sand and afforest, cost is low, instant effect.
Realizing the technical scheme that the object of the invention adopts is:
A kind of desertification soil remediation method, comprises the steps:
(1) vegetational zone is laid: along desertification soil and vegetation intersection to laying vegetational zone, direction, desert on desertification soil, described vegetational zone is made up of ecological vegetation carpet alternatively distributed on desertification soil and shelter-forest, and often place's ecological vegetation carpet stretches into desertification soil 20m~30m;
(2) wood barricade is set up: setting up sand-proof wood barricade every 40~60m in vegetational zone, it is deep that desertification soil 20~50cm is inserted in wood barricade bottom, and both sides iron wire is fixed;
(3) ecological vegetation ditch and cistern are offered: offer the ecological vegetation ditch through vegetational zone of a wide 40~60cm every 30~50m from desertification soil and vegetation intersection to direction, desert, on per hectare desertification soil, the cistern of 1~2 long 3m~10m, wide 3m~10m, high 3m~8m is offered along ecological vegetation ditch, ecological vegetation ditch is connected with cistern, ecological vegetation ditch and cistern are all equipped with support plank, adjacent two pieces of distances supported between plank are 5~20, support plank upper berth and set ecological vegetation carpet;Ecological vegetation ditch length grows vegetational zone 0.5~1m;
(4) laying water pipe: laying 2~4 calibers between every two ecological vegetation ditches to direction, desert is the water pipe of 3~5, water pipe is fixed on vegetational zone through wood barricade and by wood barricade;Arranging a shower nozzle every 8~12m on described water pipe, water pipe is connected to water pump near one end of vegetation, and pumping for water pump pipe stretches in the cistern closed on;
(5) final management and maintenance: the vegetational zone laid is carried out final management and maintenance, first 3~4 months except cloudy, early, middle and late each unlatching water pump watering rainy day outer every day once, the morning at cloudy day, watering in afternoon are respectively once, after 3~4 months, except the rainy day, every day sprinkles water once until shelter-forest survives, then landfill cistern and ecological vegetation ditch, removes and reclaims wood barricade, supports plank, water pipe, shower nozzle, water pump and drinking-water pipe.
The width of described shelter-forest is 5~10m, plants drought-resistant plant in shelter-forest, and the line-spacing of drought-enduring type plant is 1~3m, and spacing in the rows is 1~3m.
Described drought-resistant plant is Cupressaceae, Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis, Populus euphratica, Chinese scholar tree, Chinese ash, birch-leaf pear or oriental plane tree.
The plank that barricade is wide by 10~20cm, 2~3cm thick for described wood, 1.2~2m is high is closely laid and is formed.
The specification of described ecological vegetation carpet is 1m*10m, 2m*10m, 3m*10m, 4m*10m or 5m*10m.
Described ecological vegetation carpet by surfing the Net, plant fiber layer, form with the Nutrition Soil of grass seeds, lining paper and off line laying successively from top to bottom.
Described online, the off line vegetable fibre net being mesh size 1.5cm*1.5cm~2cm*2cm specification.
Described plant fiber layer is made up of rice wheat straw, Petiolus Trachycarpi, coconut shred and corn stalk.
Being added with water-retaining agent and slow-release fertilizer in described Nutrition Soil, in Nutrition Soil, grass seeds density is 300~400/m2。
Described grass seeds is the grass seeds of paspalum notatum, alfalfa, Herba Dichodrae, Manila grass, Korea lawn grass or Bermuda grass.
As shown from the above technical solution, desertification soil remediation method provided by the invention is laid on desertification soil and is alternately laid with shelter-forest by ecological vegetation carpet, the vegetational zone of plantation composition, and wood barricade is installed on vegetational zone, offer ecological vegetation ditch and cistern subsequently, ecological vegetation ditch with cistern are laid brace plate and ecological vegetation carpet, vegetational zone is laid the water pipe with shower nozzle, water pipe is connected with water pump, the drinking-water pipe of water pump stretches into cistern, ecological vegetation ditch, cistern, water pump, drinking-water pipe, water pipe and shower nozzle constitute irrigation system, finally the vegetational zone laid is carried out final management and maintenance.
Ecological vegetation carpet is alternately laid with shelter-forest, and height plant is arranged in pairs or groups mutually, and soil is fully utilized;Shelter-forest can effectively play the effect checked winds and fixed drifting sand, and protecting ecology vegetation blanket is buried from dust storm, improves grass seeds survival rate in ecological vegetation carpet;In ecological vegetation carpet, grass seeds can germinate in one week, grows up to seedling in one month, growth and maturity in 3 months, gets final product preliminary Desert Control soil in a short time, can thoroughly administer, after plant survival, the desertification soil that vegetational zone covers in shelter-forest.
Desertification soil is laid ecological vegetation carpet, absorbed by the lining paper in ecological vegetation carpet and Nutrition Soil when the moisture evaporated in desertification soil is by ecological vegetation carpet, effectively block the moisture in desertification soil and be evaporated in air, avoid desertification soil to be directly exposed to the sun by sunlight simultaneously, effectively reduce the evaporation of desertification soil moisture;Laying plant fiber layer on ecological vegetation carpet Middle nutrition soil, rainwater or dew that plant fiber layer absorbs slowly can penetrate in Nutrition Soil according to self gravitation, provide moisture for grass seeds growth in Nutrition Soil, avoid moisture in Nutrition Soil to be evaporated in air simultaneously;Plant fiber layer is made up of the waste plant fiber such as rice wheat straw, Petiolus Trachycarpi, online, off line is also vegetable fibre net, Plant fiber can natural degradation, becoming humus after rotting can directly be absorbed by grass seeds seedling, environmentally safe.
Lay wood barricade can effective catch blowing sand, before in vegetational zone, the plant of plantation survives, protection plant is buried from dust storm, raising survival rate of plant.
Ecological vegetation ditch, cistern, water pump, drinking-water pipe, water pipe and shower nozzle constitute irrigation system, and wherein ecological vegetation ditch and catch basin can play the effect of rapid draining and water-retention at rainstorm weather, and the rainwater of accumulation is used for irrigating at arid season;Grass seeds and plant shoots are irrigated by the mode adopting sprinkling irrigation, reduce irrigation water capacity, and labor intensity is low;Brace plate laid by ecological vegetation ditch and cistern, support plank upper berth and set ecological vegetation carpet, ecological vegetation carpet is effectively reduced ecological vegetation ditch and the rain evaporation of water of accumulation in cistern, supports rainwater when the space between plank guarantees to rain and penetrates into ecological vegetation ditch and cistern;Wooden barricade, support plank, water pipe, shower nozzle and the repeatable utilization of water pump removed and reclaim, saves desertification soil remediation cost.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
Desertification soil remediation method provided by the invention, the material environmentally safe of use;The method implements once can reach can thoroughly change after desertification soil remediation effect, grass seeds and shelter-forest plant grow up to the situation of soil sandification, administers thoroughly;The production of ecological vegetation carpet and vegetational zone are irrigated and all can be realized mechanization, save time and labour force;The utensil used in governance process is all detachable and reclaims, and saves desertification soil remediation cost;The method instant effect, cycle operation short, easy, treatment cost are low, and the vegetation survival rate of plantation is high, and the later stage is easily managed and protected.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that desertification soil remediation method administers schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is desertification soil remediation method irrigation system schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is ecological vegetation carpet structural representation.
Wherein, 1-ecological vegetation carpet, 2--shelter-forest, 3-wood barricade, 4-ecological vegetation ditch, 5-cistern, 6 water pipes, 7-shower nozzle, 8-water pump, 9-drinking-water pipe, 10-grass seeds, 11-Plant fiber surfs the Net, 12-plant fiber layer, 13-Nutrition Soil, 14-lining paper, 15-Plant fiber is off line, and 16-supports plank.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is illustrated in detail.
The position bordered on along desertification soil and vegetation starts to lay ecological vegetation carpet 1, and ecological vegetation carpet is divided into three layers: the upper, middle and lower, and its structure surfs the Net 11 as it is shown on figure 3, upper strata is Plant fiber;Middle level include by rice wheat straw, Petiolus Trachycarpi, coconut shred, several waste fiber of corn stalk be raw material make plant fiber layer 12, the Nutrition Soil 13 including water-retaining agent and slow-release fertilizer, lining paper 14;Wherein having sowed grass seeds 10 in Nutrition Soil, grass seeds is the grass seeds of paspalum notatum, and grass seeds density is 400/m2;Lower floor is Plant fiber off line 15, online and off line specification are identical, and mesh size is the vegetable fibre net of 2cm*2cm, and plant gets out ecological vegetation carpet through online from upper mesh, grass seeds root system stretches in desertification soil by off line, and upper, middle and lower-ranking becomes carpet-like through machine quilting.
Often lay the shelter-forest 2 of the ecological vegetation carpet plantation 10m of 30m, in the present embodiment, plantation Chinese ash in shelter-forest, plant line space is 2m, in each row plant, the spacing between plant is 1.5m, ecological vegetation carpet and shelter-forest composition vegetational zone, vegetational zone is installed the wooden barricade 3 of high 1.5m every 40m, wood barricade is by 15cm width, 2.5cm is thick, 2m high plank closely lay and form, it is deep that plank inserts desertification soil 50, it is mainly used in preventing the plant shoots of dust storm mulching plant, affect the survival rate of grass seeds, an ecological vegetation ditch 4 through vegetational zone is offered to direction, desert every 40m with vegetation intersection from desertification soil, ecological vegetation furrow width 60cm, length grows vegetational zone 1m;Offering, along ecological vegetation ditch, the cistern 5 that 1 length, width and height are 3m*3m*3m on per hectare desertification soil, the cistern length, width and height near vegetation are 10m*10m*8m, and ecological vegetation ditch is connected with cistern, and improvement schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
To the water pipe 6 that direction, desert 3 calibers of laying are 4 between every two ecological vegetation ditches, water pipe is also fixed on vegetational zone by wood barricade through wood barricade;Arranging a shower nozzle 7 every 10m on described water pipe, water pipe is connected to water pump 8 near one end of vegetation, and the drinking-water pipe 9 of water pump stretches in the cistern closed on;Laying brace plate 16 on ecological vegetation ditch with cistern, adjacent two pieces of distances supported between plank are 10, support plank upper berth and set ecological vegetation carpet;Ecological vegetation ditch, cistern, water pump, drinking-water pipe, water pipe and shower nozzle constitute irrigation system, and irrigation system schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
The vegetational zone laid carries out final management and maintenance, and once, respectively once, the rainy day does not sprinkle water for the morning at cloudy day, watering in afternoon in early, middle and late each watering every day outer except cloudy, rainy day in first 3 months;After 3 months, except the rainy day, every day sprinkles water once until shelter-forest survives;During watering, opening water pump, water pump draws water from cistern, and the water of extraction is sprayed by shower nozzle, and watering is uniformly;After shelter-forest survives, filling cistern and ecological vegetation ditch, remove and reclaim wood barricade, support plank, water pipe, shower nozzle and water pump, the ecological vegetation carpet on support plank is laid on the cistern after landfill and on ecological vegetation ditch.
Difference according to landform can change the specification of ecological vegetation carpet, the specification of ecological vegetation carpet used has 1m*10m, 2m*10m, 3m*10m, 4m*10m, 5m*10m, the ecological vegetation carpet combination of different size uses, it is ensured that be all covered with ecological vegetation carpet on desertification soil or kind is implanted with shelter-forest;Ecological vegetation carpet adopts mechanization production, and production efficiency is high and with short production cycle, and owing to desertification soil relief is complicated, height is uneven, for the place that the gradient is bigger, adopts the fixing ecological vegetation carpet of the method such as descending grade, bolt anchorage.
Claims (10)
1. a desertification soil remediation method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) vegetational zone is laid: along desertification soil and vegetation intersection to laying vegetational zone, direction, desert on desertification soil, described vegetational zone is made up of ecological vegetation carpet alternatively distributed on desertification soil and shelter-forest, and often place's ecological vegetation carpet stretches into desertification soil 20~30m;
(2) wood barricade is set up: setting up sand-proof wood barricade every 40~60m in vegetational zone, it is deep that desertification soil 20~50cm is inserted in wood barricade bottom, and both sides iron wire is fixed;
(3) ecological vegetation ditch and cistern are offered: offer the ecological vegetation ditch through vegetational zone of a wide 40~60cm every 30~50m from desertification soil and vegetation intersection to direction, desert, on per hectare desertification soil, the cistern of 1~2 long 3m~10m, wide 3m~10m, high 3m~8m is offered along ecological vegetation ditch, ecological vegetation ditch is connected with cistern, ecological vegetation ditch and cistern are all equipped with support plank, adjacent two pieces of distances supported between plank are 5~20, support plank upper berth and set ecological vegetation carpet;Ecological vegetation ditch length grows vegetational zone 0.5~1m;
(4) laying water pipe: laying 2~4 calibers between every two ecological vegetation ditches to direction, desert is the water pipe of 3~5, water pipe is fixed on vegetational zone through wood barricade and by wood barricade;Arranging a shower nozzle every 8~12m on described water pipe, water pipe is connected to water pump near one end of vegetation, and the drinking-water pipe of water pump stretches in the cistern closed on;
(5) final management and maintenance: the vegetational zone laid is carried out final management and maintenance, first 3~4 months except cloudy, early, middle and late each unlatching water pump watering rainy day outer every day once, the morning at cloudy day, watering in afternoon are respectively once, after 3~4 months, except the rainy day, every day sprinkles water once until shelter-forest survives, then landfill cistern and ecological vegetation ditch, removes and reclaims wood barricade, supports plank, water pipe, shower nozzle, water pump and drinking-water pipe.
2. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the width of described shelter-forest is 5~10m, plants drought-resistant plant in shelter-forest, and the line-spacing of drought-enduring type plant is 1~3m, and spacing in the rows is 1~3m.
3. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described drought-resistant plant is Cupressaceae, Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis, Populus euphratica, Chinese scholar tree, Chinese ash, birch-leaf pear or oriental plane tree.
4. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the plank that described wood barricade is wide by 10~20cm, 2~3cm thick, 1.2~2m is high is closely laid and is formed.
5. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the specification of described ecological vegetation carpet is 1m*10m, 2m*10m, 3m*10m, 4m*10m or 5m*10m.
6. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described ecological vegetation carpet by surfing the Net, plant fiber layer, form with the Nutrition Soil of grass seeds, lining paper and off line laying successively from top to bottom.
7. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described online, the off line vegetable fibre net being mesh size 1.5cm*1.5cm~2cm*2cm specification.
8. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described plant fiber layer is made up of rice wheat straw, Petiolus Trachycarpi, coconut shred and corn stalk.
9. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: being added with water-retaining agent and slow-release fertilizer in described Nutrition Soil, in Nutrition Soil, grass seeds density is 300~400/m2。
10. desertification soil remediation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described grass seeds is the grass seeds of paspalum notatum, alfalfa, Herba Dichodrae, Manila grass, Korea lawn grass or Bermuda grass.
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CN103583172A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-02-19 | 东南大学 | Planting structure in arid desert regions and planting method of planting structure |
CN103798101A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-21 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice seasonal drought irrigation method |
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