CN104056278B - 1,2,4‑噁二唑苯甲酸化合物 - Google Patents
1,2,4‑噁二唑苯甲酸化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104056278B CN104056278B CN201410119475.2A CN201410119475A CN104056278B CN 104056278 B CN104056278 B CN 104056278B CN 201410119475 A CN201410119475 A CN 201410119475A CN 104056278 B CN104056278 B CN 104056278B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- base
- diazole
- benzoic acid
- phenyl
- fluoro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 29
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Abstract
本发明公开新的1,2,4‑噁二唑苯甲酸化合物、其使用方法和含有1,2,4‑噁二唑苯甲酸衍生物的药用组合物。所述方法包括治疗或预防被翻译提前终止或无义介导的mRNA衰变的调节所缓解的疾病的方法,或缓解与此有关的一种或多种症状的方法。
Description
本申请为分案申请,原申请的申请日为2004年4月9日,申请号为200480015905.0,发明名称为“1,2,4-噁二唑苯甲酸化合物”。
1.发明领域
本发明涉及1,2,4-噁二唑苯甲酸化合物、含有所述化合物的组合物及给予这些化合物或组合物治疗或预防与mRNA无义突变有关的疾病的方法。
2.发明背景
细胞的基因表达取决于转录和翻译的测序方法。同时,这些方法从其相关基因中的核苷酸序列中生成蛋白。
转录涉及通过RNA聚合酶由DNA合成mRNA。转录开始于基因的启动子区域,并持续至例如新生RNA中形成茎环结构或rho基因产物结合而诱发终止。
然后在tRNA、tRNA合成酶和各种其它蛋白和RNA类的帮助下,通过发生于核糖体的翻译过程,由mRNA生成蛋白。翻译包括起始、延伸和终止三个阶段。通过形成由蛋白因子、mRNA、tRNA、辅因子和识别mRNA上指导翻译装置开始翻译的信号的核糖体亚基组成的启动复合物,启动翻译。
启动复合物一旦形成,由核糖体的肽转移酶活性及tRNA和tRNA合成酶重复加入氨基酸,产生多肽链的生长。在核糖体的A位存在三个终止密码子(UAA、UAG、UGA)之一则发出信号,使多肽链释放因子(RFs)结合并识别终止信号。接着,位于核糖体P位的tRNA的3’核苷酸和新生多肽链之间的酯键被水解。已形成的多肽链被释放,所述核糖体亚基进入另一个翻译循环。
碱基数有改变的DNA序列突变被分成插入或缺失突变(移码突变),并可导致主要的基因组破坏。使一个碱基变为另一个碱基的DNA突变被称为错义突变,并被细分成转换(一个嘌呤变成另一个嘌呤,或一个嘧啶变成另一个嘧啶)和颠换(嘌呤变成嘧啶,嘧啶变成嘌呤)。
插入、缺失、转换和颠换突变都可导致无义突变或链终止突变,其中的碱基突变或移码突变使氨基酸密码子变成三种终止密码子之一。由于这些提前终止密码子提前终止翻译,可在细胞中产生异常蛋白。十分重要的基因中的无义突变可以是致死的,还可引起多种疾病,例如癌症、溶酶体贮积病、肌营养不良、囊性纤维化和血友病。
在有无义突变的细菌和真核细胞株中,由于tRNA分子之一突变使突变tRNA可识别无义密码子、参与翻译过程的蛋白的变变、核糖体(核糖体RNA或核糖体蛋白)的突变、或加入已知改变翻译过程的化合物(例如,放线菌酮或氨基糖苷类抗生素),可引起无义突变的抑制。结果,氨基酸会被掺入到多肽链的无义突变位点上,翻译不会过早地终止于无义密码子。所插入的氨基酸不必与野生型蛋白的原始氨基酸相同;然而,许多氨基酸取代对蛋白结构或功能不会产生严重影响。因此,通过抑制无义突变产生的蛋白可能具有接近野生型蛋白那样的活性。这种情况为通过抑制无义突变避免翻译提前终止,治疗与无义突变有关的疾病提供机会。
氨基糖苷抗生素提高真核生物终止密码子的通读能力,已令人对这些药物作为由无义突变引起的人的疾病的潜在治疗药物感兴趣。适用于这种治疗方案的一种疾病是典型的婴儿神经元蜡样质脂褐质沉积病(LINCL)---目前不能有效治疗的致命的幼年神经变性性疾病。溶酶体三肽肽酶1(TPP-I)编码基因CLN2中的提前终止密码子突变与接近一半的诊断出LINCL的儿童的疾病有关。已经测定了在LINCL细胞系中氨基糖苷庆大霉素恢复TPP-1活性的能力。在一种来源于患者的细胞系中,该细胞系为常见无义突变(Arg208Stop)和不同罕见无义突变的杂合体,用庆大霉素治疗最多恢复约7%的正常水平的TPP-I。这些结果表明,用氨基糖苷或作用相似的药物进行无义突变的药理学抑制对LINCL可能有治疗潜力(Sleat等,Eur.J.Ped.Neurol.5:Suppl A57-62(2001))。
在囊性纤维化跨膜转运调节物(CFTR)基因中有提前终止密码子的培养细胞中,用氨基糖苷治疗导致生成全长CFTR(Bedwell等,Nat.Med.3:1280-1284(1997);Howard等.Nat.Med.2:467-469(1996))。Duchenne肌营养不良的小鼠模型中,观察到硫酸庆大霉素抑制翻译终止于提前终止密码子,生成全长抗肌萎缩蛋白(Barton-Davis等,J.Clin.Invest.104∶375-381(1999))。全长抗肌萎缩蛋白的量的少量增加保护mdx小鼠不受挛缩诱发的伤害。在这些研究中未确定在无义密码子位置所插入的氨基酸。
通过介导无义密码子的误读而抑制翻译提前终止的小分子治疗剂或预防剂对多种疾病的治疗是有用的。小分子药物,尤其是口服的可生物利用的药物的发现会引入广谱选择性治疗剂,它们可用于对抗由无义突变引起的疾病。
3.发明概述
本发明包括新化合物、新药用组合物和新治疗方法。所述化合物、组合物和方法部分地基于对在各种疾病中起作用的翻译提前终止和/或无义突变介导的mRNA衰变的调节。这类疾病是由于翻译的提前终止导致所生成的活性蛋白的量的减少而发生的。本发明的化合物使mRNA翻译连续越过无义突变,生成全长蛋白。因此,本发明包括治疗和预防多种疾病,特别是遗传疾病的化合物、组合物和方法。
本发明包括式I的1,2,4-噁二唑苯甲酸化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、包合物、前药、多晶型物、立体异构体,包括对映体、非对映异构体、外消旋体或立体异构体混合物:
其中:
Z是取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的链烯基、取代或未取代的杂环、取代或未取代的芳基烷基;
R1是氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、-(CH2CH2)nOR6或任何可生物水解的基团;
R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立为氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的链烯基、取代或未取代的炔基;取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、CN、COOH、COOR7、SO2R7、NO2、NH2或N(R7)2;
各R7独立为氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的链烯基、取代或未取代的炔基;取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、卤素或CF3;和
n是1-7的整数。
在相关实施方案中,本发明包括式II的1,2,4-噁二唑苯甲酸化合物
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、包合物或立体异构体,其中的Z如式I中所定义,R是氢或卤素。
本发明的优选实施方案中,式I和II的化合物是药学上可接受的盐、水合物、包合物、前药、多晶型物、可生物水解的酯、外消旋体或纯化的立体异构体包括,但不限于,光学纯对映体和非对映异构体。
本发明还包括通过调节翻译提前终止或无义介导的mRNA衰变缓解的疾病的治疗或预防方法,或缓解一种或多种与此相关症状的方法,它包括给予有此需要的患者治疗或预防有效量的式I或II化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、包合物、前药或多晶型物。在优选的实施方案中,所述疾病是遗传疾病;CNS病;炎性疾病;神经变性性疾病;自身免疫性疾病;增生性疾病,特别是癌症;心血管疾病;或肺病;更优选疾病包括,但不限于,淀粉样变性、LINCL、血友病、阿尔茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化、巨大畸形、侏儒症、甲状腺机能减退、甲状腺机能亢进、囊性纤维化、老化、肥胖症、帕金森氏病、尼曼氏病、囊性纤维化、家族性高胆固醇血症、色素性视网膜炎、Duchenne肌营养不良或马方氏综合征。
本发明还包括治疗、预防或缓解一种或多种与遗传疾病有关的症状或遗传疾病的临床表现的方法,它包括给予有此需要的患者治疗或预防有效量的式I或II化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、包合物、前药或多晶型物。在优选的实施方案中,所述疾病是CNS病;炎性疾病;神经变性性疾病;心血管疾病;自身免疫性疾病;癌症;更优选为遗传病,包括,但不限于,淀粉样变性、LINCL、血友病、阿尔茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化、巨大畸形、侏儒症、甲状腺机能减退、甲状腺机能亢进、囊性纤维化、老化、肥胖症、帕金森氏病、尼曼氏病、囊性纤维化、家族性高胆固醇血症、色素性视网膜炎、Duchenne肌营养不良或马方氏综合征。
本发明还涉及治疗、预防或缓解癌症或一种或多种与之有关的症状或其表现的方法,它包括给予有此需要的患者治疗或预防有效量的式I或II化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、包合物、前药或多晶型物。
本发明的优选实施方案中,所述患者是哺乳动物,更优选易患或有获得遗传病风险的人。在另一实施方案中,所述患者经过筛选过程,确定无义突变存在,它包括用可接受的无义突变筛选试验筛选患者或从中提取的细胞的步骤。在相关的实施方案中,所述治疗标出记号,其中所述患者经无义突变筛选试验筛选,通过给予一种或多种本发明的化合物治疗;特别地,例如,根据疾病类型、细胞类型和所述基因,用特别适合所述突变的化合物治疗所述患者。在又一实施方案中,所述患者是婴儿或儿童。在另一实施方案中,本发明包括孕妇或胎儿的直接治疗。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,经胃肠外、透皮、粘膜、鼻、口腔、舌下或口服给予所述化合物;更优选地,口服所述化合物,最优选地,口服呈片剂、胶囊或液体形式的所述化合物。
本发明包括翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的调节方法。本发明还包括细胞中翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的抑制方法,它包括用有效量的式I或II化合物接触表现出翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的细胞。本发明还包括在细胞中诱导无义抑制的方法,它包括用有效量的式I或II化合物接触表现出无义突变的细胞。无义密码子可出现于任何类型细胞的DNA或RNA中,可自然出现或因诱变而产生。因此,本发明所述细胞包括动物细胞、哺乳动物细胞、细菌细胞、植物细胞和病毒感染的细胞。在一实施方案中,无义密码子存在于祖代DNA中。在另一实施方案中,无义密码子产生于诱变。
不限于任何特殊理论,式I或II化合物提高通读终止密码子的能力使其可用于治疗或预防完全或部分经无义突变引起的任何疾病。由于翻译的提前终止,所生成的活性蛋白的量下降而发生这类疾病。不限于任何特殊理论,式I或II化合物使mRNA的翻译持续超过无义突变,引起全长蛋白的生成。本发明的一个有力的方面在于,式I或II化合物的治疗活性不必是对疾病具有特异性,而是对治疗或预防与无义突变有关的任何疾病有效。此外,本发明的方法对患者可能是有特异性的。即患者可经筛选确定该疾病是否与无义突变有关。如果是,他们可用本发明的化合物治疗。
式I和II的化合物可用于治疗或预防遗传疾病。可用式I或II化合物治疗或预防的遗传疾病包括癌症、自身免疫性疾病、血液病、胶原病、糖尿病、炎性疾病或中枢神经系统疾病。
3.1定义
用于本文的“翻译提前终止”指突变的结果使与氨基酸有关的密码子转变为终止密码子。
用于本文的“无义介导的mRNA衰变”指介导含翻译的提前终止密码子的mRNAs衰变的任何机理。
用于本文的“提前终止密码子”或“提前结束密码子”指所出现的终止密码子应是与氨基酸对应的密码子。
用于本文的“无义突变”是将与氨基酸对应的密码子变为终止密码子的点突变。
用于本文的“无义抑制”指对过早翻译和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的抑制或压制。
用于本文的“对翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的调节”指通过改变无义抑制的水平调节基因表达。例如,如果要提高具有提前终止密码子的基因编码的有缺陷蛋白的生成,即允许通读疾病基因的提前终止密码子,发生基因的翻译,那么翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的调节需要向上调节无义抑制。反之,如果要提高具有提前终止密码子的mRNA的衰变,那么翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的调节需要向下调节无义抑制。
用于本文的术语“患者”指动物(例如,母牛、马、羊、猪、小鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑、猫、狗、小鼠、大鼠、兔、豚鼠等),优选哺乳动物例如非灵长目动物和灵长目动物(例如猴和人),最优选人。在某些实施方案中,所述患者是婴儿、儿童、青少年或成人。在一实施方案中,通过预筛选确定所述患者具有何种无义突变。在另一实施方案中,通过预筛选确定所述患者患有无义突变(即,UAA、UGA或UAG)。在又一个实施方案中,所述患者被细菌细胞(例如,绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)感染。在另一实施方案中,所述患者的细胞被病毒感染。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“取代”指被1-4个或更多个的下述取代基取代的基团,例如,卤代基;三氟代甲基;三氟代甲氧基;羟基;烷氧基;环烷氧基;杂环氧基;氧代;烷酰基;烷基羰基;环烷基;芳基;芳氧基;芳烷基;烷酰基氧基;氰基;叠氮基;氨基;烷基氨基;芳基氨基;芳烷基氨基;环烷基氨基;杂环氨基;单和双取代氨基,其中氨基上的两个取代基选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烷酰基氨基、芳酰基氨基、芳烷酰基氨基、取代烷酰基氨基、取代芳基氨基、取代芳烷酰基氨基、硫羟基、烷硫基、芳硫基、芳硫烷基、环烷硫基、杂环硫基、烷基硫羰基、芳基硫羰基、芳烷基硫羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳烷基磺酰基、亚磺酰氨基(例如,SO2NH2)、取代亚磺酰氨基、硝基、羧基、氨基甲酰基(例如,CONH2)、取代氨基甲酰基(例如,CONH烷基、CONH芳基、CONH芳烷基或其中氮上的两个取代基选自烷基、芳基或芳烷基的例子)、烷氧基羰基、芳基、取代芳基、胍基和杂环基例如吲哚基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噻唑基、吡咯烷基、吡啶基、嘧啶基等。如上所述,其中的取代基本身还可进一步被取代,这类进一步取代的取代基选自卤素、烷基、烷氧基、芳基和芳烷基。在一特定的实施方案中,术语取代不指氰基。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“烷基”指有1-20个碳原子,优选1-10个碳原子,最优选1-4个碳原子的饱和直链或支链非环状烃。有代表性的饱和直链烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基和正癸基;而饱和支链烷基包括异丙基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2-甲基己基、3-甲基己基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基、2,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基戊基、2,4-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基己基、2,4-二甲基己基、2,5-二甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基己基、3,3-二甲基戊基、3,3-二甲基己基、4,4-二甲基己基、2-乙基戊基、3-乙基戊基、2-乙基己基、3-乙基己基、4-乙基己基、2-甲基-2-乙基戊基、2-甲基-3-乙基戊基、2-甲基-4-乙基戊基、2-甲基-2-乙基己基、2-甲基-3-乙基己基、2-甲基-4-乙基己基、2,2-二乙基戊基、3,3-二乙基己基、2,2-二乙基己基、3,3-二乙基己基等。烷基可未被取代或被取代。不饱和烷基包括下述链烯基和炔基。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“链烯基”指有2-20个碳原子,更优选2-10个碳原子,最优选2-6个碳原子,包含至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链非环状烃。有代表性的直链和支链(C2-C10)链烯基包括乙烯基、烯丙基、-1-丁烯基、-2-丁烯基、异丁烯基、-1-戊烯基、-2-戊烯基、-3-甲基-1-丁烯基、-2-甲基-2-丁烯基、-2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、-1-己烯基、-2-己烯基、-3-己烯基、-1-庚烯基、-2-庚烯基、-3-庚烯基、-1-辛烯基、-2-辛烯基、-3-辛烯基、-1-壬烯基、-2-壬烯基、-3-壬烯基、-1-癸烯基、-2-癸烯基、-3-癸烯基等。链烯基的双键可与另一个不饱和基不共轭或共轭。链烯基可未被取代或被取代。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“炔基”指有2-20个碳原子,更优选2-10个碳原子,最优选2-6个碳原子,包含至少一个碳-碳三键的直链或支链非环状烃。有代表性的直链和支链-(C2-C10)炔基包括乙炔基、丙炔基、-1-丁炔基、-2-丁炔基、-1-戊炔基、-2-戊炔基、-3-甲基-1-丁炔基、-4-戊炔基、-1-己炔基、-2-己炔基、-5-己炔基、-1-庚炔基、-2-庚炔基、-6-庚炔基、-1-辛炔基、-2-辛炔基、-7-辛炔基、-1-壬炔基、-2-壬炔基、-8-壬炔基、-1-癸炔基、-2-癸炔基、-9-癸炔基等。炔基的三键可与另一个不饱和基不共轭或共轭。炔基可未被取代或被取代。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“卤素”或“卤代基”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“烷基磺酰基”指-烷基-SO3H或-SO3-烷基,其中烷基如上定义,包括-SO2-CH3、-SO2-CH2CH3、-SO2-(CH2)2CH3、-SO2-(CH2)3CH3、-SO2-(CH2)4CH3、-SO2-(CH2)5CH3等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“羧基”指“-COOH”。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“烷氧基”指-O-(烷基),其中的烷基如上定义,包括-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-O(CH2)2CH3、-O(CH2)3CH3、-O(CH2)4CH3、-O(CH2)5CH3等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“烷氧基羰基”指-C(=O)O-(烷基),其中烷基如上定义,包括-C(=O)O-CH3、-C(=O)O-CH2CH3、-C(=O)O-(CH2)2CH3、-C(=O)O-(CH2)3CH3、-C(=O)O-(CH2)4CH3、-C(=O)O-(CH2)5CH3等。在优选实施方案中,所述酯是可生物水解的(即,所述酯体外或体内水解成羧酸)。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“烷氧基烷基”指-(烷基)-O-(烷基),其中各个“烷基”独立为如上定义的烷基,包括-CH2OCH3、-CH2OCH2CH3、-(CH2)2OCH2CH3、-(CH2)2O(CH2)2CH3等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“芳基”指含有5-14个环原子的碳环芳香环。碳环芳基的环原子全是碳原子。芳环结构包括有一个或多个环结构的化合物,例如单-、双-或三环化合物和苯并稠合碳环基团例如5,6,7,8-四氢萘基等。优选地,所述芳基是单环或双环。代表性的芳基包括苯基、甲苯基、蒽基、芴基、茚基、薁基、菲基和萘基。碳环芳基可未被取代或被取代。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“杂芳基”指含有5-14个环原子且环原子含有至少一个杂原子,优选1-3个独立地选自氮、氧或硫的杂原子的碳环芳环。杂芳环结构包括有一个或多个环结构的化合物,例如单-、双-或三环化合物,和稠合杂环基团。代表性的杂芳基有三唑基、四唑基、噁二唑基、吡啶基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并异噻唑基、喹啉基、吡咯基、吲哚基、噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、异噁唑基、吡唑基、异噻唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、噌啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、喹唑啉基、苯并喹唑啉基、吖啶基、嘧啶基和噁唑基。基团可未被取代或被取代。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“芳氧基”指-O-芳基,其中的芳基如上定义。芳氧基可未被取代或被取代。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“芳烷基”指-(烷基)-(芳基),其中的烷基和芳基如上定义,包括但不限于-(CH2)苯基、-(CH2)2苯基、-(CH2)3苯基、-CH(苯基)2、-CH(苯基)3、-(CH2)甲苯基、-(CH2)蒽基、-(CH2)芴基、-(CH2)茚基、-(CH2)薁基、-(CH2)萘基等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“杂芳基烷基“指*(烷基)-(杂芳基),其中烷基和杂芳基如上定义,包括但不限于,-(CH2)吡啶基、-(CH2)2吡啶基、-(CH2)3吡啶基、-CH(吡啶基)2、-C(吡啶基)3、-(CH2)三唑基、-(CH2)四唑基、-(CH2)噁二唑基、-(CH2)呋喃基、-(CH2)苯并呋喃基、-(CH2)噻吩基、-(CH2)苯并噻吩基等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“芳烷基氧基”指-O-(烷基)-(芳基),其中烷基和芳基如上定义,包括但不限于-O-(CH2)2苯基、-O-(CH2)3苯基、-O-CH(苯基)2、-O-CH(苯基)3、-O-(CH2)甲苯基、-O-(CH2)蒽基、-O-(CH2)芴基、-O-(CH2)茚基、-O-(CH2)薁基、-O-(CH2)萘基等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“环烷基”指含有碳和氢原子并无碳-碳多重键的单环或多环饱和环。环烷基可未被取代或被取代。环烷基的实例包括,但不限于,(C3-C7)环烷基,包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环庚基,和饱和环和双环萜。环烷基可未被取代或被取代。环烷基优选单环或双环。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“杂环基”指含有碳和氢原子、任选有1-4个多重键的单环或多环,且环原子包含至少一个,优选1-3个独立选自氮、氮和硫的杂原子。杂环结构包括含有一个或多个环结构的化合物,例如单-、双-或三环化合物。杂环基优选单环或双环。代表性的杂环包括,但不限于,吗啉基、吡咯烷酮基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、乙内酰脲基、戊内酰胺基、环氧乙烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、四氢吡啶基、四氢嘧啶基、四氢噻吩基、四氢噻喃基等。杂环可未被取代或被取代。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“环烷基氧基”指-O-(环烷基),其中环烷基如上定义。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“环烷基烷基氧基”指-O-(烷基)-(环烷基),其中环烷基和烷基如上定义,包括但不限于,-O-环丙基、-O-环丁基、-O-环戊基、-O-环己基、-O-环庚基等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“氨基烷氧基”指-O-(烷基)-NH2,其中烷基如上定义,包括但不限于-O-CH2-NH2、-O-(CH2)2-NH2、-O-(CH2)3-NH2、-O-(CH2)4-NH2、-O-(CH2)5-NH2等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“烷基氨基”指-NH(烷基)或-N(烷基)(烷基),其中烷基如上定义,包括但不限于NHCH3、-NHCH2CH3、-NH(CH2)2CH3、-NH(CH2)3CH3、-NH(CH2)4CH3、-NH(CH2)5CH3、-N(CH3)2、-N(CH2CH3)2、-N((CH2)2CH3)2、-N(CH3)CH2CH3)等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“芳基氨基”指-NH(芳基),其中的芳基如上定义,包括但不限于-NH(苯基)、-NH(甲苯基)、-NH(蒽基)、-NH(芴基)、-NH(茚基)、-NH(薁基)、-NH(比啶基)、-NH(萘基)等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“芳基烷基氨基”指-NH-(烷基)-(芳基),其中烷基和芳基如上定义,包括-NH-CH2-(苯基)、-NH-CH2-(甲苯基)、-NH-CH2-(蒽基)、-NH-CH2-(芴基)、-NH-CH2-(茚基)、-NH-CH2-(薁基)、-NH-CH2-(吡啶基)、-NH-CH2-(萘基)、-NH-(CH2)2-(苯基)等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“环烷基氨基”指-NH-(环烷基),其中环烷基如上定义,包括-NH-环丙基、-NH-环丁基、-NH-环戊基、-NH-环己基、-NH-环庚基等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“氨基烷基”指-(烷基)-NH2,其中烷基如上定义,包括-CH2-NH2、-(CH2)2-NH2、-(CH2)3-NH2、-(CH2)4-NH2、-(CH2)5-NH2等。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“烷基氨基烷基”指(烷基)-NH(烷基)或-(烷基)-N(烷基)(烷基),其中各“烷基”独立为如上定义的烷基,包括-CH2-NH-CH3、-CH2-NHCH2CH3、-CH2-NH(CH2)2CH3、-CH2-NH(CH2)3CH3、-CH2-NH(CH2)4CH3、-CH2-NH(CH2)5CH3、-(CH2)2-NH-CH3、-CH2-N(CH3)2、-CH2-N(CH2CH3)2、-CH2-N((CH2)2CH3)2、-CH2-N(CH3)(CH2CH3)、-(CH2)2-N(CH3)2等。
用于本文的“治疗有效量”指,在疾病的处理和医治中,本发明的化合物或其它活性剂足以提供治疗益处,以延迟或最大限度减少与所述疾病有关的症状的量。而且,本发明化合物的治疗有效量指单一治疗剂或与其它治疗剂联合的量,所述量在疾病的治疗和处理中提供治疗益处。与本发明化合物的量一起使用时,术语可包括改善整个治疗、减少或避免疾病的症状或病因、或增加另一种治疗剂的疗效或与之协同作用的量。
用于本文的“预防有效量”指,本发明的化合物或其它活性成分足以导致预防疾病的复发或传播的量。预防有效量可指所述量足以预防患者,包括但不限于,易患所述疾病的那些患者,发病或复发或传播疾病。预防有效量也可指在疾病预防方面能提供预防益处的量。而且,本发明化合物的预防有效量指单一的或与其它药物联合的量,该量在疾病的预防中提供预防益处。与本发明化合物的量使用一起时,所述术语可包括改善整个预防或增进另一种预防药物的预防效果或促进与之协同作用的量。
用于本文的“治疗方案”指一种或多种治疗药物的时间和剂量安排方案。
用于本文的“预防方案”指一种或多种预防药物的时间和剂量安排方案。
用于本文的“方案”包括剂量计划和剂量方案。
用于本文的“联合”指多于一种的预防和/或治疗药物的使用。
用于本文的术语“处理”指患者从预防或治疗药物中得到有益的效果,它并不导致疾病的治疗。在某些实施方案中,给予患者一种或多种预防或治疗药物,以“处理”疾病,预防疾病的发展或恶化。
用于本文的术语“预防”指,通过给予预防或治疗药物预防患者疾病的发生、复发或传播。
用于本文的术语“治疗”指根除或缓解疾病或与所述疾病相关的症状。在某些实施方案中,该术语指通过向患有这类病的患者提供一种或多种预防或治疗药物最大限度地减少疾病的传播或恶化。
用于本文的术语“药学上可接受的盐”指由药学上可接受的无毒酸或碱,包括无机酸和碱和有机酸和碱制备的盐。适用的本发明化合物的药学上可接受的碱加成盐包括,但不限于,由铝、钙、锂、镁、钾、钠和锌制备的金属盐,或由赖氨酸、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯代普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、麦格鲁明(N-甲基葡糖胺)和普鲁卡因制备的有机盐。适用的无毒酸包括,但不限于无机和有机酸,例如乙酸、海藻酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙烯磺酸(ethenesulfonic)、甲酸、富马酸、糠酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖酸、葡糖醛酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、氢溴酸、氢氯酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、硝酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、苯乙酸、磷酸、丙酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、磺胺酸、硫酸、酒石酸和对甲苯磺酸。具体无毒酸包括氢氯酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸和甲磺酸。从而具体盐的实例包括盐酸盐和甲磺酸盐。盐的其它实例为本领域所熟知,参见,例如,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“前药”指可在生物条件(体外或体内)下水解、氧化或反应生成活性化合物,特别是本发明化合物的化合物的衍生物。前药的实例包括,但不限于,本发明化合物的衍生物和代谢物,所述化合物包括可生物水解的基团,例如可生物水解的酰胺、可生物水解的酯、可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯、可生物水解的碳酸酯、可生物水解的酰脲和可生物水解的磷酸酯类似物。带羧基官能团的化合物的前药优选为羧酸的低级烷基酯。通过酯化分子中存在的任何羧酸基团可方便地生成羧酸酯。一般用熟知的方法,例如Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery第6版(Donald J.Abraham编辑,2001,Wiley)和Design and Application of Prodrugs(H.Bundgaard编辑,1985,HarwoodAcademic Publishers Gmfh)所述的那些方法可制备前药。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“可生物水解的酰胺”、“可生物水解的酯”、“可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯”、“可生物水解的碳酸酯”、“可生物水解的酰脲”、“可生物水解的磷酸酯”各指化合物的酰胺、酯、氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、酰脲或磷酸酯,所述化合物或者:1)在体内不干扰化合物的生物活性,但能给予所述化合物优异的性质,例如摄取、持续作用或起动作用;或者为2)无生物活性的但可在体内被转化为有生物活性的化合物。可生物水解的酯的实例包括,但不限于,低级烷基酯、烷氧基酰氧基酯、烷基酰氨基烷基酯和胆碱酯。可生物水解的酰胺的实例,但不限于,低级烷基酰胺、α-氨基酸酰胺、烷氧基酰基酰胺和烷基氨基烷基羰基酰胺。可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯的实例包括,但不限于,低级烷基胺、取代乙二胺、氨基酸、羟基烷基胺、杂环和杂芳基胺和聚醚胺。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“光学纯”或“立体异构体纯”指基本不含所述化合物的其它立体异构体的化合物的立体异构体。例如,有一个手性中心的立体异构体纯化合物会基本不含所述化合物的反向对映体。有两个手性中心的立体异构体纯化合物会基本不含所述化合物的其它非对映异构体。典型的立体异构体纯化合物包含大于约80%重量的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和低于约20%重量的所述化合物的其它立体异构体,优选大于约90%重量的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和低于约10%重量的所述化合物的其它立体异构体,更优选大于约95%重量的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和低于约5%重量的所述化合物的其它立体异构体,最优选大于约97%重量的所述化合物的一种立体异构体和低于约3%重量的所述化合物的其它立体异构体。
除非另有说明,用于本文的术语“对映体纯”指有一个手性中心的化合物的立体异构体纯组合物。
应指出,如果在所述结构和给定所述结构的名称之间有差别,那么所述结构要给予更多的重视。而且,如果结构或部分结构的立体化学没有用例如粗线或虚线指明,那么,所述结构或部分结构要解释为包含它的所有立体异构体。
4.发明详述
4.1本发明化合物
本发明包括式I的1,2,4-噁二唑苯甲酸化合物
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、包合物、前药、多晶型物、立体异构体,包括对映体、非对映异构体、外消旋体或立体异构体的混合物:
其中:
Z是取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的链烯基、取代或未取代的杂环、取代或未取代的芳基烷基;
R1是氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、-(CH2CH2)nOR6或任何可生物水解基团;
R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立为氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的链烯基、取代或未取代的炔基;取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、CN、COOH、COOR7、SO2R7、NO2、NH2或N(R7)2;
各R7在每次出现时独立为氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的链烯基、取代或未取代的炔基;取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、卤素或CF3;和
n是1-7的整数。
在一个可选择实施方案中,本发明包括式I化合物,其中当R1、R2、R3、R4和R5为氢时,Z不是甲基、2-羧基乙基、3-(4-吡啶基)丙基或2-(4-哌啶基)乙基。
在一优选实施方案中,本发明包括其中R1为H的式I化合物。
在一优选实施方案中,本发明包括其中R1为不是H的任何可生物水解基团的式I化合物。
在相关实施方案中,本发明包括式II的1,2,4-噁二唑苯甲酸化合物
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、包合物或立体异构体:
Z为取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的链烯基、取代或未取代的杂环、取代或未取代的芳基烷基;R为氢或卤素。
在一个实施方案中,R是卤素,氟。在一个优选实施方案中,R是氢。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明包括式I或II的化合物,其中Z是对甲苯基;(4-氯代甲基-苯基);(2-氯-吡啶-3-基);(2-氟-苯基);(3,4-二氟-苯基);(4-甲氧基-苯基);苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基;(4-乙基-苯基);邻甲苯基;(2-氯-苯基);(3-甲基-噻吩-2-基);苯并[b]噻吩-2-基;(3-氟-苯基);(4-叔丁基-苯基);(2-甲氧基-苯基);(2,二氟-苯基);噻吩-2-基;(2,4-二氟-苯基);(3-氯-苯基);间甲苯基;(4-三氟代甲基-苯基);(4-氟-苯基);(3-甲氧基-苯基);苯基;(2,6-二氟代苯基);(2,二甲基-呋喃-3-基);(4-吡咯-1-基-苯基);(3-二甲基氨基-苯基);联苯-4-基;(4-二甲基氨基-苯基);苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-基;间甲苯基;(2-三氟代甲基-苯基);(6-氯-吡啶-3-基);(3,双-三氟代甲基-苯基);呋喃-2-基;(4-硝基-苯基);(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基);(3-三氟代甲氧基-苯基);萘-1-基;环己基;吡啶-3-基;吡啶-4-基;环戊基;环丙基;(4-戊基氧基-苯基);(3,4,三甲氧基-苯基);(4-异丁基-苯基);环丁基;(1-乙酰基-哌啶-4-基);异噁唑-基;[(2-氯-6-氟-苯基)-甲基-异噁唑-4-基]或[(2-氯-苯基)-甲基-异噁唑-4-基];Z较优选为(3-氟-苯基),更优选Z为(4-氟-苯基),甚至更优选Z为(2-氟-苯基)。
在一个具体实施方案中,本发明包括其中Z不是4-氰基-苯基的式I或II化合物。
本发明的优选化合物包括,但不限于,
1)3-(5-对甲苯基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
2)3-[5-(4-氯代甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3)3-[5-(2-氯-吡啶-3-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
4)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
5)3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
6)3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
7)3-(5-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
8)3-[5-(4-乙基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
9)3-(5-邻甲苯基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
10)3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
11)3-[5-(3-甲基-噻吩-2-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
12)3-(5-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
13)3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
14)3-[5-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
15)3-[5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
16)3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
17)3-(5-噻吩-2-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
18)3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
19)3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
20)3-(5-间甲苯基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
21)3-[5-(4-三氟代甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
22)3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
23)3-[5-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
24)3-(5-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
25)3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
26)3-[5-(2,5-二甲基-呋喃-3-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
27)3-[5-(4-吡咯-1-基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
28)3-[5-(3-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
29)3-(5-联苯-4-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
30)3-[5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
31)3-(5-苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑-5-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
32)3-(5-间甲苯基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
33)3-[5-(2-三氟代甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
34)3-[5-(6-氯-吡啶-3-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
35)3-[5-(3,5-双-三氟代甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
36)3-(5-呋喃-2-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
37)3-[5-(4-硝基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
38)3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
39)3-[5-(3-三氟代甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
40)3-(5-萘-1-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
41)3-(5-环己基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
42)3-(5-吡啶-3-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
43)3-(5-吡啶-4-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
44)3-(5-环戊基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
45)3-(5-环丙基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
46)3-[5-(4-戊基氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
47)3-[5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
48)3-[5-(4-异丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
49)3-(5-环丁基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
50)3-[5-(1-乙酰基-哌啶-4-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
51)3-(5-异噁唑-5-基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
52)3-{5-[3-(2-氯-6-氟-苯基)-5-甲基-异噁唑-4-基]-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基}-苯甲酸;
53)3-(5-异丙基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
54)3-(5-叔丁基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
55)3-(5-丁基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
56)3-(5-丙烯基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
57)3-[5-(4-氯-苄基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
58)3-[5-(4-氯-苯氧基甲基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
59)3-(5-苄基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
60)3-(5-甲氧基甲基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
61)3-[5-(1-苯基-丙基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
62)3-[5-(4-氟-苄基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
63)3-[5-(3-氯-苯氧基甲基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
64)3-[5-(6-氯-吡啶-3-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
65)3-(5-环戊基甲基-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基)-苯甲酸;
66)3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
67)3-[5-(2,3-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
68)3-[5-(2-氟-5-甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
69)3-[5-(2-甲基硫烷基-吡啶-3-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
70)3-[5-(2,2-二氟-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
71)4-氟-3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
72)2-氟-5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
73)3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
74)3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
75)3-[5-(3-氟-联苯-4-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
76)3-{5-[3-(2-氯-苯基)-5-甲基-异噁唑-4-基]-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基}-苯甲酸;
77)3-[5-(4-氰基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
78)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;
79)3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
80)5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-2-甲氧基-苯甲酸;
81)3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
82)3-[5-(3-氟-联苯-4-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
83)3-[5-(6-吡咯烷-1-基-吡啶-3-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
84)3-[5-(6-吗啉-4-基-吡啶-3-基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
85)3-[5-(3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-[1,2’]联吡啶-5’基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
86)3-[5-(2-氟-6-羟基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
87)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
88)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-甲氧基乙酯;
89)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙酯;
90)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
91)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙酯;
92)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙酯;
93)3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
94)3-[5-(4-氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
95)3-[5-(4-叠氮基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;和
96)3-[5-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸。
式I和II的化合物和以上所列的那些化合物在此称为“本发明化合物”。本发明化合物的实例叙述于下表1中。
用基于细胞的虫荧光素酶报道基因试验(如4.2节所述)进行了表1的活性测定,试验包括稳定转染于293T人胚肾细胞中的含有UGA提前终止密码子的虫荧光素酶报道基因构成物。采用已知容许通读提前终止密码子的小分子3-[3-(4-异丙基-苯基)-2,5-二氧代-咪唑烷-1-基]-苯甲酸用作内部标准。活性测定基于在细胞内生成指定蛋白的所需化合物的最小浓度(效力)与细胞生成的蛋白的最大量(效果)之间的定性关系上。效力和效果活性被分成极高、很高或显著等级。采用这些活性的组合确定活性等级。被发现有蛋白合成的极高效力和极高效果的化合物被分类为“*****”。被发现有极高效力的蛋白合成和很高效果的化合物被分类为“****”。被发现有很高效力的蛋白合成和极高效果的化合物被分类为“****”。被发现有很高效力和很高效果的蛋白合成的化合物被分类为“***”。被发现有很高效力的蛋白合成和显著效果的化合物被分类为“**”。被发现有显著效力的蛋白合成和很高效果的化合物被分类为“**”。同样地,被发现有显著效力和效果的蛋白合成的化合物被分类为“*”(参见下表)。
效力 | 效果 | 等级 |
极高 | 极高 | ***** |
极高 | 很高 | **** |
很高 | 极高 | **** |
很高 | 很高 | *** |
很高 | 显著 | ** |
显著 | 很高 | ** |
显著 | 显著 | * |
在基于细胞的虫荧光素酶试验中,蛋白合成效力或效果或两者都低于显著水平的化合物归类为无星号。不过,相信这些化合物在本发明的体内方法中有用。
本发明包括本发明化合物的体外或体内用途,和本发明化合物结合到用于治疗和预防各种疾病和病症的药用组合物和单一单位剂量形式中。具体疾病和病症包括被信使RNA中的无义突变抑制缓解的那些。
药用组合物包括本发明剂型,它包含本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的多晶型物、前药、盐、包合物、溶剂合物或水合物,可用于本发明的方法中。
不限于理论,相信本发明的化合物可调节翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变。因此,本发明的第一个实施方案涉及翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的调节方法,它包括用有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的前药、代谢物、多晶型物、盐、溶剂合物、水合物或包合物接触表现出无义突变的细胞。在具体实施方案中,本发明涉及无义抑制的介导方法,它包括用有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的前药、代谢物、多晶型物、盐、溶剂合物、水合物或包合物接触表现出无义突变的细胞。
4.2生物试验和动物研究
可用多种技术鉴定调节翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的化合物。例如,调节具有提前翻译终止密码子的任何基因的转录后表达的化合物的筛选方法描述于国际专利申请号WO01/44516A2,通过全文引用结合到本文中。在优选实施方案中,具有提前终止密码子的mRNA被体外翻译,并被用来筛选测试化合物库。在优选实施方案中,具有提前终止密码子的mRNA是具有提前终止密码子的报道基因。
开发了用于高通量筛选,以鉴别促进无义抑制的小分子的两个试验。因为这是功能报道基因试验(只有当蛋白有功能时才产生光),而且极为敏感(发光强度与虫荧光素酶浓度在nM范围内成比例),所以各试验采用虫荧光素酶。第一个试验是基于细胞的虫荧光素酶报道基因试验,第二个试验是由兔网织红细胞溶胞产物和含无义的虫荧光素酶报道基因mRNA组成的生物化学试验。在基于细胞的试验中,含有UGA提前终止密码子的虫荧光素酶报道基因构成物被稳定转染于293T人胚肾细胞中。在生物化学试验中,采用补充有tRNA、氯化血红素、肌酸激酶、氨基酸、KOAc、Mg(OAc)2和磷酸肌酸的兔网织红细胞溶胞产物,含UGA提前终止密码子的mRNA被用作体外翻译反应中的报道基因。用病毒诱导的前导序列启动mRNA的翻译,这可以大大降低试验的成本,因为不需要帽状RNA。在体外转录试剂盒(Ambion)中用T7启动子和MegaScripr在体外制备合成mRNA。在生物化学和基于细胞的两个试验中,已知允许通读提前终止密码子的小分子3-[3-(4-异丙基-苯基)-2,5-二氧代-咪唑烷-1-基]-苯甲酸的加入,导致虫荧光素酶活性的增加,因此,被用作内部标准。
也可用动物模型系统证实式I或II化合物的安全性和效果。用动物模型可测试式I或II化合物对所述疾病、病症或症状的生物学活性。这些包括含有连接功能读出系统的靶RNA元素的基因工程改造的动物,例如转基因小鼠。
囊性纤维化的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,cftr(-/+)小鼠(参见,例如,Freedman等,2001,Gastroenterology121(4):950-7)、cftr(tmlHGU/tmlHGU)小鼠(参见,例如,Bernhard等,2001,Exp Lung Res27(4):349-66)、具有缺陷cAMP-介导的Cl(-)导电性的CFTR-缺陷小鼠(参见,例如,Stotland等,2000,Pediatr Pulmonol30(5):413-24)和C57BL/6-Cftr(mlUNC)/Cftr(mlUNC)剔除小鼠(参见例如,Stotland等,2000,Pediatr Pulmonol30(5):413-24)。
肌营养不良的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,小鼠、仓鼠、猫、狗和秀丽线虫(C.elegans)。肌营养不良的小鼠模型的实例包括,但不限于,dy-/-小鼠(参见,例如,Connolly等,2002,J.Neuroimmunol127(1-2):80-7)、患肌炎的肌营养不良(mdm)小鼠突变(参见,例如,Garvey等,2002,Genomics79(2)∶146-9)、mdx小鼠(参见,例如,Nakamura等,2001,Neuromuscul Disord11(3):251-9)、utrophin-抗肌萎缩蛋白剔除(dko)小鼠(参见,例如,Nakamura等,2001,Neuromuscul Disord11(3):251-9)、dy/dy小鼠(参见,例如,Dubowitz等,2000,Neuromuscul Disord10(4-5):292-8)、mdx(Cv3)小鼠模型(参见,例如,Pillers等,1999,Laryngoscope109(8):1310-2)和肌紧张ADR-MDX突变小鼠(参见,例如,Kramer等,1998,Neuromuscul Disord8(8):542-50)。患肌营养不良的仓鼠的实例包括,但不限于,几糖(sarcoglycan)-缺乏性仓鼠(参见,例如,Nakamura等,2001,Am J PhysiolCell Physiol281(2):C690-9)和BIO14.6营养不良仓鼠(参见,例如,Schlenker&Burbach,1991,J Appl Physiol71(5):1655-62)。患肌营养不良的猫科动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,肥大猫科肌营养不良模型(参见,例如,Gaschen&Burgunder,2001,Acta Neuropathol(Berl)101(6):591-600)。患肌营养不良的犬科动物模型包括,但不限于,金色的猎犬肌营养不良(参见,例如,Fletcher等,2001,Neuromuscul Disord11(3):239-43)和犬科动物X-相关肌营养不良(参见,例如,Valentine等,1992,Am J Med Genet42(3):352-6)。患肌营养不良的秀丽线虫(C.elegans)模型实例描述于Chamberlain&Benian,2000,Curr Biol10(21):R795-7和Culette&Sattelle,2000,Hum Mol Genet9(6):869-77中。
用于家族性高胆固醇血症的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,缺乏功能LDL受体基因的小鼠(参见,例如,Aji等,1997,Circulation95(2):430-7)、Yoshida大鼠(参见,例如,Fantappie等,1992,Life Sci50(24):1913-24)、JCR:LA-cp大鼠(参见,例如,Richardson等,1998,Atherosclerosis138(1):135-46)、猪(参见,例如,Hasler-Rapacz等,1998,Am JMed Genet76(5):379-86)和watanabe可遗传的高脂血兔(参见,例如,Tsutsumi等,2000,Arzneimittelforschung50(2):118-21;Harsch等,1998,Br J Pharmacol124(2)∶227-82;和Tanaka等,1995,Atherosclerosis114(1):73-82)。
用于人癌的动物模型的实例一般包括,但不限于,伴侣动物的自发性产生的肿瘤(参见,例如,Vail&MacEwen,2000,Cancer Invest18(8):781-92)。用于肺癌的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,Zhang和Roth描述的肺癌动物模型(1994,In Vivo8(5):755-69)和p53功能损坏的转基因小鼠模型(参见,例如,Morris等,1998,J La State Med Soc150(4)∶179-85)。用于乳房癌的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,过度表达细胞周期素D1的转基因小鼠(参见,例如,Hosokawa等,2001,Transgenic Res10(5)∶471-8)。用于结肠癌的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,TCRβ和p53双剔除小鼠(参见,例如,Kado等,2001,Cancer Res61(6):2395-8)。用于胰癌的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,Panc02小鼠的胰腺癌转移模型(参见,例如,wang等,2001,Int J Pancreatol29(1):37-46)和用于有皮下胰肿瘤的nu-nu小鼠(参见,例如,Ghaneh等,2001,Gene Ther8(3)∶199-208)。用于非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,重症联合免疫缺陷(“SCID”)小鼠(参见,例如,Bryant等,2000,Lab Invest80(4):553-73)和IgHmu-HOX11转基因小鼠(参见,例如,Hough等,1998,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA95(23):13853-8)。用于食管癌的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,用于人乳头瘤病毒型16E7癌基团的转基因小鼠(参见,例如,Herber等,1996,J Virol70(3):1873-81)。用于结肠直肠癌的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,Apc小鼠模型(参见,例如,Fodde&Smits,2001,Trends Mol Med7(8):369-73和Kuraguchi等,2000,Oncogene19(50):5755-63)。用于神经纤维瘤病的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,突变NFl小鼠(参见,例如,Cichowski等,1996,Semin Cancer Biol7(5):291-8)。用于成视网膜细胞瘤的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,在视网膜内表达猿病毒40T抗原的转基因小鼠(参见,例如,Howes等,1994,Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci35(2):342-51和Windle等,1990,Nature343(6259):665-9)和近亲大鼠(参见,例如,Nishida等,1981,Curr Eye Res1(1):53-5和Kobayashi等,1982,Acta Neuropathol(Berl)57(2-3):203-8)。用于肾胚胎瘤的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,WT1剔除小鼠(参见,例如,Scharnhorst等,1997,Cell Growth Differ8(2):133-43)、用于高发性肾胚细胞瘤(neuphroblastoma)的大鼠旁系(subline)(参见,例如,Mesfin和Breech,1996,Lab Anim Sci46(3):321-6)和用于肾胚胎瘤的Wistar/Furth大鼠(参见,例如,Murphy等,1987,Anticancer Res7(4B):717-9)。
用于色素性视网膜炎的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,the Royal College ofSurgeons(“RCS”)大鼠(参见,例如,Vollrath等,2001,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA98(22);12584-9和Hanitzsch等,1998,Acta Anat(Basel)162(2-3)∶119-26)、视紫质剔除小鼠(参见,例如,Jaissle等,2001,Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci42(2):506-13)和wag/Rij大鼠(参见,例如,Lai等,1980,Am J Pathol98(1):281-4)。
用于肝硬化的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,暴露于CCl4的大鼠(参见,例如,Kloehn等,2001,Horm Metab Res33(7)∶394-401)和被细菌细胞成分诱发的或患结肠炎的啮齿动物模型(参见,例如,Vierling,200l,Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol15(4):591-610)。
血友病的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,患甲型血友病的啮齿动物模型(参见,例如,Reipert等,2000,Thromb Haemost84(5):826-32;Jarvis等,1996,Thromb Haemost75(2):318-25;和Bi等,1995,Nat Genet10(1):119-21)、患甲型血友病的犬科动物(参见,例如,Gallo-Penn等,1999,Hum Gene Therl0(11):1791-802和Connelly等,1998,Blood91(9):3273-81)、患血友病B的鼠科动物模型(参见,例如,Snyder等,1999,Nat Med5(1):64-70;Wang等,1997,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA94(21):11563-6;和Fang等,1996,Gene Ther3(3):217-22)、患血友病B的啮齿动物模型(参见,例如,Mount等,2002,Blood99(8):2670-6);Snyder等,1999,Nat Med5(1)∶64-70;和Fang等,1996,Gene Ther3(3):217-22);和Kay等,1994,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA91(6):2353-7)和患血友病B的猕猴短尾猿模型(参见,例如,Lozier等,1999,Blood93(6):1875-81)。
用于冯.维勒布兰德氏病的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,近亲繁殖的小鼠品系RIIIS/J(参见,例如,Nichols等,1994,83(11):3225-31和Sweeney等,1990,76(11):2258-65)、注射过美洲矛头蝮毒蛋白的大鼠(参见,例如,Sanders等,1988,Lab Invest59(4):443-52)和用于冯.维勒布兰德氏病的猪模型(参见,例如,Nichols等,1995,Proc NatlAcad Sci USA92(7):2455-9);Johnson&Bowie,1992,J Lab Clin Med120(4):553-8)和Brinkhous等,1991,Mayo Clin Proc66(7):733-42)。
用于b-地中海贫血的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,用于球蛋白基因突变的鼠科模型(参见,例如,Lewis等,1998,Blood91(6):2152-6);Raja等,1994,Br I Haematol86(1):156-62;Popp等,1985,445:432-44;和SkOW等,1983,Cell34(3):1043-52)。
用于肾结石的动物模型包括,但不限于,遗传性尿钙过多大鼠(参见,例如,Bushinsky等,1999,Kidney Int55(1):234-43和Bushinsky等,1995,Kidney Int48(6)∶1705-13)、化学处理过的大鼠(参见,例如,Grases等,1998,Scand J Urol Nephrol32(4):261-5;Burgess等,1995,Urol Res23(4):239-42;Kumar等,1991,J Urol146(5):1384-9;Okada等,1985,Hinyokika Kiyo31(4)∶565-77;和Bluestone等,1975,Lab Invest33(3):273-9)、尿草酸盐过多大鼠(参见,例如,Jones等,1991,J Urol145(4):868-74)、用于单侧退行性变形的肾造影(参见,例如,Seifmah等,2001,57(4):832-6)和用于上泌尿道阻塞的兔(参见,例如,Itatani等,1979,Invest Urol17(3):234-40)。
用于共济失调-毛细管扩张症的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,用于共济失调-毛细管扩张症鼠科动物模型(参见,例如,Barlow等,1999,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA96(17):9915-9和Inoue等,1986,Cancer Res46(8):3979-82。
用于溶酶体贮积病的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,粘多糖VII型小鼠模型(参见,例如,Brooks等,2002,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.99(9):6216-21;Monroy等,2002,Bone30(2):352-9;Vogler等,2001,Pediatr Dev Pathol.4(5):42l-33;Vogler等,2001,Pediatr Res.49(3):342-8;和Wolfe等,2000,Mol Ther.2(6):552-6)、用于异染色性脑白质营养不良的小鼠模型(参见,例如,Matzner等,2002,Gene Ther.9(1):53-63),用于桑德霍夫病的小鼠模型(参见,例如,Sango等,2002,Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol.28(1):23-34),用于粘多糖病III A型的小鼠模型(参见,例如,Bhattacharyya等,2001,Glycobiology11(1):99-10和Bhaumik等,1999,Glycobiology9(12:1389-96),芳基硫酸酯酶A(ASA)-缺乏小鼠(参见,例如,D'Hooge等,1999,Brain Res.847(2):352-6和D'Hooge等,1999,Neurosci Lett.273(2)93-6);患有门冬氨酰葡萄糖胺尿症的小鼠(参见,例如,Jalanko等,1998,Hum Mol Genet.7(2):265-72);用于粘多糖病VI型的猫科动物模型(参见,例如,Crawley等,1998,J Clin Invest.101(1):109-19和Norrdin等,1995,Bone17(5):485-9);用于尼曼氏病C型的猫科动物(参见,例如,March等,1997,Acta Neuropathol(Berl).94(2)∶164-72)、酸性鞘磷脂酶缺乏小鼠(参见,例如,Otterbach&Stoffel,1995,Cell81(7):1053-6)和用于露糖苷贮积症的牛(参见,例如,Jolly等,1975,Birth DefectsOrig Arctic Ser.11(6)∶273-8)。
用于结节状脑硬化(“TSC”)的动物模型的实例包括,但不限于,TSC1小鼠模型(参见,例如,Kwiatkowski等,2002,Hum Mol Genet.11(5):525-34)、Tsc1(TSC1同系物)剔除小鼠(参见,例如,Kobayashi等,2001,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2001,7,17;98(15):8762-7)、TSC2基因突变(Eker)大鼠模型(参见,例如,Hino2000,Nippon Rinsho58(6):1255-61;Mizuguchi等,2000,J Neuropathol Exp Neurol.59(3):188-9;和Hino等,1999,Prog ExpTumor Res.35:95-108)和Tsc2(+/-)小鼠(参见,例如,Onda等,1999,J Clin Invest.104(6):687-95)。
4.3合成和制备
可经标准的、熟知的合成方法获得本发明化合物,参见,例如,March,J.AdvancedOrganic Chemistry;Reactions Mechanisms,and Structure,第四版,1992。用于制备本发明化合物和中间体的原料可市售购得或可用已知的合成方法和试剂由可市售购得原料制备。
可用下列流程A和B所述的合成方法合成式I或II化合物。可用下节所述的方法制备本发明化合物。
可用流程A所述的方法制备式I化合物。
流程A
可市售购得的、对酸不稳定的树脂A1例如三苯甲基树脂、2-氯代三苯甲基氯树脂、苯基乙酰氨基甲基(PAM)树脂和对-烷氧基苄基醇树脂可用于本发明。在叔胺试剂例如二异丙基乙胺或三乙胺的存在下,在合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯中,可进行苯甲酸化合物A2和三苯甲基树脂(这里X=2-氯代三苯甲基氯)的偶合反应。在另一方法中,在存在或不存在二甲基甲酰胺中的二异丙基乙胺的情况下,采用二异丙基碳二亚胺(对苯基乙酰氨基甲基树脂和对烷氧基苄基醇树脂)或等同物例如苯并三唑-1-基-氧基-三吡咯烷-六氟磷酸盐(PyBOP)、溴代-三-吡咯烷基-六氟磷酸盐(PyBrOP)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC),采用标准酯键形成条件,可方便地制备酰化树脂A3。可在惰性溶剂,例如乙醇、四氢呋喃、二噁烷和二甲基甲酰胺或含或不含二异丙基乙胺的混合物中,用羟胺处理树脂-结合的氰基苯甲酯,得到氢基脒化合物A4。羟基脒树脂A4可用作合成流程A所示结构I的各种其它化合物的1,2,4-噁二唑系列化合物的常用连接基(linker)。在碱性试剂例如二异丙基乙胺或三乙胺的存在下,在惰性溶剂例如二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和二甲基甲酰胺或混合物中,用试剂A5(其中Y基表示离去基团,例如卤代基、咪唑基、对硝基酚等)使树脂-结合的羟基脒化合物酰化。另一备选方法是,在存在或不存在二甲基甲酰胺中的二异丙基乙胺的情况下,采用二异丙基碳二亚胺或等同物例如苯并三唑-1-基-氧基-三-吡咯烷基-六氟磷酸盐、溴代-三-吡咯烷基-辚六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐,用试剂5(其中基团Y表示羟基)方便地进行酰化。在酸性条件下,例如在二氯甲烷中的2摩尔三氟乙酸或二氯甲烷中的3摩尔乙酸存在下,裂解树脂-结合的酰化化合物A6,得到所需化合物A7。在有或没有碱性试剂例如二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺或四乙胺或氟化四丁铵的情况下,游离酸化合物A7上的闭环反应可以通过在惰性溶剂例如甲苯、四氢呋喃、二噁烷和二甲基甲酰胺或其混合物中回流进行,得到1,2,4-噁二唑化合物I。另一种备选的闭环反应通过树脂-结合的化合物A6的脱氢环化反应进行(流程A)。这种转化可以在有或没有碱性试剂例如三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺或氟化四丁铵的情况下,在惰性溶剂例如甲苯、四氢呋喃、二噁烷和二甲基甲酰胺或其混合物中实现。所述反应的温度在室温至溶剂的回流温度范围内。
上述固相化学可应用于结构I化合物的液相合成。这点叙述于以下流程B中。
流程B
用羟基胺使氰基化合物B1羟基脒化(hydoxyamidinated)。该反应通常在碱试剂例如,三乙胺、碳酸钾或二异丙基乙胺的存在下,在溶剂例如甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇、四氢呋喃或二甲基甲酰胺中进行,温度在室温至所选溶剂的回流温度范围内。用试剂B3(其中基团Y表示某些离去基团,例如卤代基、咪唑基、对硝基酚等使羟基脒化合物B2酰化。通常在溶剂例如二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃或二甲基甲酰胺中,用碱性试剂,例如,三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺进行所述反应。在一备选方法中,在有或没有二异丙基乙胺的情况下,采用二异丙基碳二亚胺或等同物例如苯并三唑-1-基-氧代-三-吡咯烷基六氟磷酸盐、溴代-三-吡咯烷基-六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐,在通常的酯键形成反应(其中Y表示羟基)下,可方便地进行酰化反应。在有或没有碱性试剂例如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺的情况下,在溶剂例如二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二甲基甲酰胺中可实现酰化化合物B4上的闭环,温度可在室温至所选溶剂的回流温度范围内。
4.4使用方法
本发明包括通过抑制翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变来缓解患者的疾病和病症的治疗和预防方法,它包括向需要此类治疗或预防的患者提供治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的前药、溶剂合物、代谢物、多晶型物、盐、溶剂合物、水合物或包合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明包括与表现出翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的基因有关的任何疾病的治疗或预防。在一个实施方案中,所述疾病部分地由来自提前终止密码子的基因的表达的缺乏所引起。表现出翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的基因和与翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变有关的疾病的具体实例见于2002年6月21日提交的美国专利申请号60/390,747,题为:调节翻译提前终止和无义介导的mRNA衰变的小分子的鉴别方法,通过引用全文结合到本文。
被翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的抑制所缓解的疾病包括,但不限于:遗传病、癌症、自身免疫性疾病、血液病、胶原病、糖尿病、神经变性性疾病、增生性疾病、心血管疾病、肺病、炎性疾病或中枢神经系统疾病。
在本发明方法的范围内的具体遗传疾病包括,但不限于,淀粉样变性、血友病、阿尔茨海默氏病、Tay Sachs病、动脉粥样硬化、巨大畸形、侏儒症、甲状腺机能减退、甲状腺机能亢进、老化、肥胖症、帕金森氏病、尼曼氏病、囊性纤维化、肌营养不良、心脏病、肾结石、共济失调-毛细血管扩张症、家族性高胆固醇血症、色素性视网膜炎、溶酶体贮积病、结节状硬化、Duchenne肌营养不良和马方氏综合征。实体肿瘤和其它癌症包括在本发明的方法内。
在另一实施方案中,所述遗传病是自身免疫性疾病。在优选实施方案中,所述自身免疫性疾病是类风湿性关节炎或移植物抗宿主疾病。
在另一实施方案中,所述遗传病是血液病。在优选实施方案中,所述血液病是血友病、冯.维勒布兰德氏病、共济失调-毛细血管扩张症、b-地中海贫血或肾结石。
在另一实施方案中,所述遗传疾病是胶原病。在一实施方案中,所述胶原病是成骨不全或肝硬化。
在另一实施方案中,所述遗传疾病是糖尿病。
在另一实施方案中,所述遗传疾病是炎性疾病。在一优选实施方案中,所述炎性疾病是关节炎。
在另一实施方案中,所述遗传疾病是中枢神经系统疾病。在一个实施方案中,所述中枢神经系统疾病是神经变性性疾病。在一优选实施方案中,所述中枢神经系统疾病是多发性硬化、肌营养不良、Duchenne肌营养不良、阿尔茨海默氏病、Tay Sachs病、婴儿神经元蜡样质脂褐质沉积病(LINCL)或帕金森氏病。
在另一个实施方案中,所述遗传疾病是癌症。在一个优选实施方案中,所述癌症是头癌和颈癌、眼癌、皮肤癌、口腔癌、喉癌、食道癌、胸癌、骨癌、肺癌、结肠癌、乙状结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、乳房癌、卵巢癌、肾癌、肝癌、胰癌、脑癌、肠癌、心脏癌或肾上腺癌。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述癌症与肿瘤抑制基因有关(参见,例如,Garinis等2002,Hum Gen111∶115-117;Meyers等1998,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,95:15587-15591;Kung等2000,Nature Medicine6(12):1335-1340)。这类肿瘤抑制基因包括,但不限于,APC、ATM、BRAC1、BRAC2、MSH1、pTEN、Rb和p53。
在特别优选的实施方案中,所述肿瘤抑制基因是p53基因。已在p53中鉴定出无义突变,意味着无义突变与癌症有关。已鉴别出p53基因中的几种无义突变(参见,例如,Masuda等,2000,Tokai J Exp Clin Med.25(2):69-77;Oh等,2000,Mol Cells10(3):275-80;Li等,2000,Lab Invest.80(4):493-9;Yang等,1999,Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi21(2):114-8;Finkelstein等,1998,Mol Diagn.3(1):37-41;Kajiyama等,1998,DisEsophagus.11(4):279-83;Kawamura等,1999,Leuk Res.23(2):115-26;Radig等,1998,HumPathol.29(11)∶1310-6;Schuyer等,1998,Int J Cancer76(3):299-303;Wang-Gohrke等,1998,Oncol Rep.5(1):65-8;Fulop等,1998,J Reprod Med.43(2):119-27;Ninomiya等,1997,J Dermatol Sci.14(3)∶173-8;Hsieh等,1996,Cancer Lett.100(1-2):107-13;Rall等,1996,Pancreas.12(1):10-7;Fukutomi等,1995,Nippon Rinsho.53(11):2764-8;Frebourg等,1995,Am J Hum Genet.56(3):608-15;Dove等,1995,Cancer Surv.25:335-55;Adamsom等,1995,Br J Haematol.89(1):61-6;Grayson等,1994,Am J PediatrHematol Oncol.16(4):341-7;Lepelley等,1994,Leukemia.8(8):1342-9;McIntyre等,1994,J Clin Oncol.12(5):925-30;Horio等,1994,Oncogene.9(4):1231-5;Nakamura等,1992,Jpn J Cancer Res.83(12):1293-8;Davidoff等,1992,Oncogene.7(1)∶127-33;和Ishioka等,1991,Biochem Biophys Res Commun.177(3):901-6;这些公开通过引用结合到本文中)。不囿于这些化合物介导翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变的任何理论,可用式I或II化合物治疗或预防,与编码提前翻译密码子的p53基因有关的任何疾病包括,但不限于,前面引用的参考文献所述的无义突变。
在其它实施方案中,通过给予有此需要的患者有效量的式I化合物治疗或预防的疾病包括:实体肿瘤、肉瘤、癌、纤维肉瘤、粘液肉瘤、脂肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨原性肉瘤、脊索瘤、血管肉瘤、内皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴管内皮瘤、滑膜瘤、间皮瘤、尤因氏肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、结肠瘤、胰癌、乳房癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌、乳头状腺癌、囊腺癌、骨髓癌、支气管癌、肾细胞癌、肝细胞瘤、胆管癌、绒毛膜癌、精原细胞瘤、胚胎性癌、维耳姆斯氏瘤、宫颈癌、睾丸瘤、肺癌、小细胞肺癌、膀胱瘤、上皮瘤、神经胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤、松果体瘤、成血管细胞瘤、听神经瘤、少突神经胶质瘤、menangioma、黑素瘤、成神经细胞瘤、成视网膜细胞瘤、血生成肿瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞B细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞T细胞白血病、急性成髓细胞白血病、急性前髓细胞白血病、急性单核细胞白血病、急性红白血病、急性巨核细胞白血病、急性骨髓单核细胞白血病、急性非淋巴细胞白血病、急性未分化细胞白血病、慢性髓细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、毛细胞白血病或多发性骨髓瘤。参见,例如,Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine,Eugene Braunwald等编辑,第491-762页(第15版,2001)。
在优选实施方案中,本发明包括治疗或预防经调节翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变而缓解的疾病,或缓解与此有关的一种或多种症状的方法,该方法包括用有效量的式I或II化合物接触细胞。本发明方法所包含的细胞包括动物细胞、哺乳动物细胞、细菌细胞、植物细胞和病毒感染的细胞。在一个实施方案中,无义密码子存在于祖代DNA中。在另一个实施方案中,所述无义密码子因诱变生成。
在某些实施方案中,作为与翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变有关的疾病的预防措施,给予患者,优选哺乳动物,更优选人,式I或II化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一优选实施方案中,首先确认患者患有与翻译提前终止和/或无义介导的mRNA衰变有关的疾病。在另一实施方案中,通过可接受的无义突变筛选试验,所述患者经过筛选过程以确定存在无义突变,该过程包括筛选患者或从中提取的细胞的步骤。在优选实施方案中,所述患者的DNA可被测序或接受Southern Blot、聚合酶链反应(PCR)、短纵列重复序列(Short Tandem Repeat)(STR)的使用或多态长度限制性片段(RFLP)分析,以确认所述患者的DNA中是否存在无义突变。另外,经蛋白印迹或其它免疫试验,如含无义突变的蛋白的变动过水平表达于患者,可确认无义突变。在另一实施方案中,所述患者是未出生的胎儿,胎儿经过子宫内的无义突变的存在的筛选。可在出生前或出生后给予式I或II的化合物。在相关实施方案中,所述治疗体现在,所述患者经过无义突变筛选试验,并经给予一种或多种本发明化合物治疗;尤其是,用特别适宜于所述突变的化合物治疗所述患者;例如根据所述疾病的类型、细胞类型和所述基因。这类方法为本领域的技术人员所熟知。
在另一实施方案中,针对翻译提前终止和/或无义介导mRNA衰变,用例如上述方法(即细胞的DNA可被测序或接受Southern Blot、聚合酶链反应(PCR)、短纵列重复序列(STR)的使用或多态长度限制性片段(RFLP)分析,以确认所述细胞的DNA中是否存在无义突变)筛选所述细胞(例如,动物细胞、哺乳动物细胞、细胞细胞、植物细胞和病毒感染细胞)。
本发明的具体方法,还包括其它治疗剂(即不是本发明化合物的治疗剂)的给予。在本发明的某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可与至少一种其它治疗剂联合使用。治疗剂包括,但不限于,非阿片类止痛药;非类固醇抗炎剂;止吐药;β-肾上腺素能阻断药;抗惊厥药抗抑郁药;Ca2+-通道阻断药;抗癌药及其混合物。
在某些实施方案中,式I或II化合物可与抗癌药联合给药或配制。适用的抗癌药包括,但不限于,烷基化药;氮介;叶酸盐拮抗剂;嘌呤拮抗剂;嘧啶拮抗剂;纺缍体毒物;拓朴异构酶抑制剂;细胞凋亡诱发剂;血管生成抑制剂;鬼臼毒素;亚硝基脲;顺铂;卡铂;干扰素;天冬酰胺酶;他莫昔芬;亮丙立德;氟他胺;甲地孕酮;丝裂霉素;博来霉素;多柔比星;伊立替康和泰素。
在某些实施方案中,式I或II化合物可与抗生素联合给药或配制。在某些实施方案中,所述抗生素是大环内酯(例如,妥布霉素)、头孢菌素类(例如,头孢氨苄头孢拉定头孢呋辛头孢丙烯头孢克洛头孢克肟或头孢羟氨苄克拉霉素(例如,克拉霉素红霉素(例如,红霉素青霉素(例如,青霉素V(或))或喹诺酮(例如,氧氟沙星环丙沙星或诺氟沙星在优选实施方案中,所述抗生素对铜绿假单孢菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)有活性。
本发明的化合物和其它治疗药物可起叠加作用或更优选协同作用。在一个优选实施方案中,含本发明化合物的组合物与部分相同或与含本发明化合物组合物不同的组合物的另一种治疗药物同时给药。在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物在另一种治疗药物给药前或后给予。
然而,在急性或慢性疾病或病症的治疗中,本发明的具体活性成分的预防或治疗剂量的幅度会随着所述疾病或病症的性质和严重性和所述活性成分的给药途径而不同。所述剂量和也许是用药次数也会根据具体患者的年龄、体重和响应而不同。适当考虑这些因素,本领域的技术人员易于选择适用的剂量方案。一般地,作为一天一次的单一剂量,优选一日内以分剂量给药,本文所述病症的推荐日剂量范围介于每天约0.1mg-约2000mg范围内。在一个实施方案中,以单一剂量或等分剂量给予日剂量。具体说来,日剂量范围应从每天约5mg-500mg,更特别是在每天约10mg-约200mg之间。治疗患者时,视所述患者的整体响应,治疗应从低剂量开始,作为单一剂量或分开剂量,也许每天约1mg-约25mg,且如果需要时增加到高至约200mg-约2000mg。
在某些情况下,所述活性成分的使用剂量可能有必要超过本文所公开的范围,这对本领域的普通技术人员是显然的。而且,要注意,根据具体患者的响应,临床医生或内科医师会懂得如何及何时中止、调整或终止医治。
用于本文的短语“治疗有效量”、“预防有效量”和“治疗或预防有效量”,包括上述剂量和给药次数计划。不同的治疗有效量可适用于不同的疾病和病症,这易于为本领域普通技术人员所了解。同样地,足以治疗或预防这类疾病,但不足以产生,或足以减少与常规治疗相关的副作用的量,也包括在上述剂量和给药次数计划中。
4.5药用组合物
含有本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的多晶型物、前药、盐、溶剂合物、水合物或包合物的药用组合物和单一单位剂型也包括在本发明中。本发明的具体剂型可适用于口服、粘膜(包括舌下、口腔、直肠、鼻或阴道)、胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内、大剂量注射、动脉内或静脉内)、透皮或局部给药。
本发明的药用组合物和剂型包含本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的前药、多晶型物、盐、溶剂合物、水合物或包合物。本发明的药用组合物和剂型一般包括一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
该实施方案所包括的具体药用组合物包含本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的多晶型物、前药、盐、溶剂合物、水合物或包合物,和至少一种其它治疗药物。其它治疗药物的实例包括,但不限于:抗癌药物和抗炎药物,包括但不限于,在上文4.3节中所述的那些。
本发明的单一单位剂型适用于患者口服、粘膜(例如鼻、舌下、阴道、口腔或直肠)、胃肠外(例如皮下、静脉内、大剂量注射、肌内或动脉内)或透皮给药。剂型的实例包括,但不限于:片剂、胶囊形片剂;胶囊,例如,软弹性明胶胶囊;扁囊剂;糖锭剂;锭剂;分散剂;栓剂;软膏剂;糊剂(泥敷剂);泥膏剂;散剂;敷料剂;霜剂;硬膏剂;溶液;贴剂;气溶胶(例如,鼻喷雾剂或吸入剂);凝胶剂;适用于患者口服或粘膜给药的液体剂型,包括悬液(例如,含水或不含水液体悬液、水包油乳液或油包水乳液)、溶液和酏剂;适用于患者胃肠外给药的液体剂型;和可重构以适用于向患者提供胃肠外给药的液体剂型的灭菌固体(例如,晶型或非晶型固体)。
本发明的组合物、剂型的形状和类型一般随其用途而变化。例如,与用于同样疾病的慢性治疗的剂型相比,用于炎症或相关疾病的急性治疗的剂型可含有更大量的它所包括的一种或多种活性成分。同样地,与用于治疗同样疾病和病症的口服剂型相比,胃肠外剂型可含有更少量的它所含的一种或多种活性成分。本发明所包括的具体剂型的这些和其它形式会相互不同,这对本领域的技术人员是显然的。参见,例如,Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)。
一般的药用组合物和剂型含有一种或多种载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。适用的赋形剂为药学领域的技术人员所熟知,本文提供适用的赋形剂的非限制性实例。或者具体赋形剂适用于结合到药用组合物中,或者剂型取决于本领域所熟知的各种因素,包括但不限于,所述剂型向患者的提供方式。例如,口服剂型例如片剂可含有不适用于胃肠外给药剂型的赋形剂。具体赋形剂的适用性也可取决于所述剂型中的具体活性成分。
由于水会促进某些化合物的降解,本发明还包括含有活性成分的无水药用组合物和剂型。例如,制药领域广泛接受水的加入(例如,5%)作为模拟长期贮存的方法,以确认制剂的性质例如货架期或随时间推移的稳定性。参见,例如,Jens T.Carstensen,DrugStability.Principles&Practice,第二版,Marcel Dekker,NY,NY,1995,第379-80页。事实上,水和热加速了某些化合物的分解。因此,由于制剂的制备、加工、包装、贮存、装运和使用过程中往往接触到水份和/或湿气,水对制剂的作用可以是极为显著的。
在低水份或低湿度的条件下,用含无水或含低水分的各种成分,可制备本发明的无水药用组合物和剂型。在制备、包装和/或贮存期间如果持续接触水分和/或湿气,期望含有乳糖和至少一种活性成分(含有伯胺或仲胺)的药用组合物和剂型优选为无水的。
为保持无水性,应制备和贮存无水药用组合物。因此,优选用已知防止暴露于水的材料包装无水组合物,以便它们可包装于适用的规定的药剂盒中。适用的包装的实例包括但不限于不透气的密封的锡纸、塑料、单位剂量容器(例如,小瓶)、泡眼包装和气提包装。
本发明还包括含有降低活性成分分解速度的一种或多种化合物的药用组合物和剂型。本文中称为“稳定剂”的这类化合物包括,但不限于,抗氧化剂例如抗坏血酸、pH缓冲剂或盐缓冲剂。
像赋形剂的数量和类型一样,剂型中活性成分的数量和具体类型可根据例如,但不限于,向患者给药的途径的因素而不同。然而,作为在早上一天一次的单一剂量,优选一天分数次与食物同时服用,含有本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物、包合物、水合物、多晶型物或前药的本发明的典型剂型在每天约0.1mg-约2000mg的范围内。更具体地说,日剂量以等分剂量每天给药两次。具体地说,日剂量范围应该为每天约5mg-约500mg,更具体地说,在每天约10mg-约200mg之间。治疗患者时,视所述患者的整体响应,治疗应从低剂量开始,作为单一剂量或分开剂量,也许每天约1mg-约25mg,如需要时增加到每天高达约200mg-约2000mg。
4.5.1口服剂型
适用于口服的本发明的药用组合物可呈分散剂型,例如,但不限于,片剂(例如可咀嚼片剂)、胶囊形片剂、胶囊和液体(例如,矫味过的糖浆)。这类剂型含有预定量的活性成分,并可用本领域的技术人员所熟知的药学方法制备。一般参见,Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)。
根据常规制药混合技术,通过使所述活性成分与至少一种赋形剂密切混合,制备本发明的一般口服剂型。根据所希望的给药途径的剂型,赋形剂可采取多种形式。例如,适用于口服液体或气溶胶剂型的赋形剂包括,但不限于,水、二醇、油、醇、增味剂、防腐剂和着色剂。适用于固体口服剂型(例如,散剂、片剂、胶囊和胶囊形片剂)的赋形剂的实例包括,但不限于,淀粉、糖、微晶纤维素、稀释剂、成粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂和崩解剂。
口服给药的液体制剂可采取,例如,溶液、糖浆或悬液的形式,或者它们在使用前呈要用水或其它适用溶媒配制的干燥制品形式。可用常规的方法,用药学上可接受的添加剂例如悬浮剂(例如,山梨醇糖浆、纤维素衍生物或氢化可食用脂肪);乳化剂(例如,卵磷脂或阿拉伯胶);非水溶媒(例如,杏仁油、油酯、乙醇或分馏过的植物油);和防腐剂(例如,甲基或丙基-对羟基苯甲酸酯或山梨酸)制备这类液体制剂。需要时所述制剂也可含有缓冲盐、矫味剂、着色剂和甜味剂。
由于其方便给药,片剂和胶囊代表有利的口服剂量单位形式,这些情况中要用固体赋形剂。如需要,可用标准的含水或不含水技术对片剂包衣。可用任何药学方法制备这类剂型。一般来说,通过使所述活性成分与液体载体、细分散的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密混合,如需要再使产物成为所需要的表现形式,制备药用组合物和剂型。
例如,可压制或模制成片剂。可在适用的机器中,压制呈自由流动形式例如粉末或颗粒的、任选与赋形剂混合的活性成分,制备压制片剂。在适用的机器中,通过使呈粉末状的、用惰性液体稀释剂湿润过的化合物的混合物模制成型,可制备模制片剂。
可用于本发明口服剂型的赋形剂的实例包括,但不限于,粘合剂、填充剂、崩解剂和润滑剂。适用于药用组合物和剂型中的粘合剂包括,但不限于,玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或其它淀粉、明胶、天然和合成的树胶例如阿拉伯胶、藻酸钠、藻酸、其它藻酸盐、粉状黄蓍胶、瓜尔胶、纤维素及其衍生物(例如,乙基纤维素、纤维素乙酸酯、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、预胶化淀粉、羟基丙基甲基纤维素(例如,第2208、2906、2910号)、微晶纤维素及其混合物。
适用于药用组合物和剂型中的填充剂的实例包括,但不限于,滑石、碳酸钙(例如,颗粒或粉末)、微晶纤维素、粉末纤维素、葡萄糖结合剂、白陶土、木糖醇、硅酸、山梨糖醇、淀粉、预胶化淀粉及其混合物。本发明药用组合物中的粘合剂或填充剂一般以所述药用组合物和剂型的约50-约99%重量存在。
微晶纤维素的适用形式包括,但不限于,以AVICEL-PH-101、AVICEL-PH-103、AVICEL RC-581、AVICEL-PH-105出售的原料(从FMC Corporation,American ViscoseDivision,Avicel Sales,Marcus Hook,PA购得)及其混合物。具体粘合剂是以AVICEL RC-581出售的、微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠的混合物。适用的无水或低水份赋形剂或添加剂包括AVICEL-PH-103TM和Starch(淀粉)1500LM。
为使片剂在暴露于含水环境时崩解,在本发明的组合物中可采用崩解剂。含太多崩解剂的片剂在贮存时会崩解,而含太少崩解剂的那些片剂不能以需要的速度或在希望的条件下崩解。因此,应该用足量(既不太多也不太少以至于不会不利于所述活性成分释放)的崩解剂形成本发明的固体口服剂型。根据制剂的类型,所用的崩解剂的量不同,这对本领域的普通技术人员是易于辨别的。一般的药用组合物含有约0.5-约15%重量的崩解剂,特别是约1-约5%重量的崩解剂。
可用于本发明的药用组合物和剂型的崩解剂包括,但不限于,琼脂、藻酸、碳酸钙、微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚克立林钾、羟乙酸淀粉钠、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、预胶化淀粉、其它淀粉、粘土、其它藻酸钠(algins)、其它纤维素、树胶及其混合物。
可用于本发明的药用组合物和剂型的润滑剂包括,但不限于,硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、矿物油、轻质矿物油、甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、聚乙二醇、其它二醇、硬脂酸、月桂基硫酸钠、滑石、氢化植物油(例如,花生油、棉籽油、葵花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油)、硬脂酸锌、油酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、琼脂及其混合物。其它润滑剂包括,例如,syloid硅胶(AEROSIL200,由W.R Grace CO.of Baltimore,MD制备)、合成硅胶的凝固气溶胶(由Plano,TX的Degussa Co.销售)、CAB-O-SIL(由Boston,MA的Cabot Co.出售的火成二氧化硅产物)及其混合物。如果要使用润滑剂,一般以低于它们要掺入到药用组合物或剂型的约1%重量的量使用。
4.5.2控释剂型
可用控释方式或传递装置提供本发明的活性成分,这为本领域的普通技术人员所熟知。实例包括,但不限于,美国专利号:3,845,770、3,916,899、3,536,809、3,598,123和4,008,719、5,674,533、5,059,595、5,591,767、5,120,548、5,073,543、5,639,476、5,354,556和5,733,566所述的那些,通过引用它们各自结合到本文中。通过采用,例如,羟丙基甲基纤维素、其它聚合物原料、凝胶、渗透膜、渗透系统、多层包衣、微粒、脂质体、微球体或它们的组合,提供所需要的不同比例的释放模式,这类剂型可用来提供一种或多种活性成分的缓慢或控制释放。本领域的普通技术人员已知的含本发明活性成分的适用控释制剂(包括本文所述的那些)可容易地选择使用。因此,本发明包括适用于口服给药的单一单位剂型例如,但不限于,适于控释的片剂、胶囊、软胶囊和胶囊形片剂。
所有控释药品都有一个共同的目标:使药物疗效提高到超过非控释的同类药物所达到的疗效。理想地,在药物治疗方面,最佳设计的控释制剂的使用特点在于,用最少的药物在最短的时间内治疗或控制病情。控释制剂的优点包括延长所述药物的活性,减少用药次数,增加患者的依从性。此外,控释制剂也用于影响药物的起效时间或其它特性,例如所述药物的血液水平,从而可影响副(例如有害的)作用的发生。
大部分的控释制剂被设计成最初释放一定量的药物(活性成分),迅速地产生所需的治疗效果,再在延长的时间内,逐渐和持续地释放其余量的药物,以维持这种治疗或预防水平。为了在体内维持这种不变的药物水平,必须以一定的速度从所述剂型中释放出所述药物,这会补充从体内被代谢和排泄的药物量。可用各种条件,包括但不限于,pH、温度、酶、水或其它生理学条件或化合物,刺激活性成分的控释。
4.5.3胃肠外剂型
可经多种途径,包括但不限于,皮下、静脉内(包括大剂量注射)、肌内和动脉内,向患者提供胃肠外剂型。因为它们的给药一般绕过患者对污染物的天然防护,所以胃肠外剂型优选为灭菌的或可在向患者提供前灭菌的。胃肠外剂型的实例包括,但不限于,待注射的溶液、待溶解或悬浮于药学上可接受的注射溶媒的干制品、待注射的悬液和乳液。
可用来制备本发明胃肠外剂型的适用溶媒为本领域的普通技术人员所熟知。实例包括,但不限于,USP注射水;含水溶媒例如,但不限于,氯化钠注射液、林格氏液、葡萄糖注射液、葡萄糖和氯化钠注射液和乳酸林格氏液;可溶于水的溶媒,例如,但不限于,乙醇、聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇;和不含水溶媒例如,但不限于,玉米油、棉籽油、花生油、芝麻油、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和苯甲酸苄基酯。
提高本文所公开的一种或多种活性成分的溶解度的化合物也可掺入到本发明的胃肠外剂型中。
4.5.4透皮和局部剂型
本发明的透皮和局部剂型包括,但不限于,霜剂、洗剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、溶液剂、乳剂、悬液剂或本领域的技术人员所知的其它形式。参见,例如,Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990);和Introductionto Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,第4版,Lea&Febiger,Philadelphia(1985)。透皮剂型包括“贮库型”或“基体(matrix)型”贴剂,它可贴在皮肤上,并贴上一段时间以渗透需要量的活性成分。
用于提供本发明所包括的透皮和局部剂型的适用的赋形剂(例如,载体和稀释剂)和其它原料为药学领域的技术人员所熟知,并取决于给定的药用组合物或剂型所要应用的具体组织。考虑到无毒和药学上可接受的事实,典型的赋形剂包括,但不限于,水、丙酮、乙醇、乙二醇、聚丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、矿物油及其混合物,以形成洗剂、酊剂、霜剂、乳剂、凝胶剂或软膏剂。如需要,还可将增湿剂或湿润剂加入到本发明的药用组合物或剂型中。这类添加成分的实例为本领域所熟知。参见,例如,Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)。
取决于要治疗的具体组织,可在用本发明的活性成分治疗之前、同时或之后使用其它组分。例如,渗透促进剂可用来帮助所述活性成分传递到所述组织。适用的渗透促进剂包括,但不限于:丙酮;各种醇例如乙醇、油醇和四氢呋喃醇;烷基亚砜例如二甲亚砜;二甲基乙酰胺;二甲基甲酰胺;聚乙二醇;吡咯烷酮例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮;Kollidon级(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚维酮);尿素;和各种可溶或不溶于水的糖酯例如吐温-80(聚山梨酯80)和司盘-60(单脂山梨坦)。
也可调节药用组合物或剂型或所述药用组合物或剂型要施加的组织的pH,以促进一种或多种成分的传递。同样地,可调节溶剂载体的极性、它的离子强度或离子性以促进传递。也可向药用组合物或剂型中加入化合物例如硬脂酸盐,以有利地改变一种或多种活性成分的亲水性或亲油性,促进传递。因此,硬脂酸盐可用作所述制剂的脂类载体,用作乳化剂或表面活性剂和传递促进或渗透促进剂。所述活性成分的不同的盐、水合物或溶剂合物可用来进一步调节所生成的组合物的性质。
4.5.5粘膜剂型
本发明的粘膜剂型包括,但不限于,眼用溶液剂、喷雾剂和气溶胶或本领域的技术人员已知的其它形式。参见,例如,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,MackPublishing,Easton PA(1990);和Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,第4版,Lea&Febiger,Philadelphia(1985)。适用于治疗口腔的粘液组织的剂型可配制成漱口剂或口腔凝胶剂。在一个实施方案中,所述气溶胶含有载体。在另一个实施方案中,所述气溶胶无载体。
通过吸入也可直接向肺给予式I或II的化合物(参见,例如,Tong等,PCT申请,WO97/39745;Clark等,PCT申请,WO99/47196,其通过引用结合到本文中)。对于吸入给药,用大量不同的装置可方便地将式I或II的化合物传递到肺。例如,可利用含有适用的低沸点推进剂,例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其它适用气体的加压罐(canisters)的计量定量吸入器(“MDI”)直接向肺传递式I化合物。可向许多供应商例如3MCorporation、Aventis、Boehringer Ingleheim、Forest Laboratories、Glaxo-Wellcome、Schering Plough和Vectura购得MDI装置。
另外,可用干粉吸入器(DPI)装置向肺给予式I化合物(参见,例如,Raleigh等,Proc.Amer.Assoc.Cancer Research Annual Meeting,1999,40,397,其通过引用结合到本文中)。DPI装置一般采用例如在容器内部气体爆发产生的干粉云状物,再被患者吸入的机理。DPI装置也为本领域所熟知,可向许多销售商包括,例如,Fisons、Glaxo-Wellcome、Inhale Therapeutic Systems、ML Laboratories、Qdose和Vectura购买。普及的改动是多剂量DPI(“MDDPI”)系统,它可以传递一个以上的治疗剂量。可向例如AstraZeneca、GlaxoWellcome、IVAX、Schering Plough、SkyePharma和Vectura购得MDDPI装置。例如,可配制用于吸入器或吹入器的明胶胶囊和药筒,其中含有所述化合物和适用于这些系统的粉末基质例如乳糖或淀粉的粉末混合物。
可用于向肺传递式I或II化合物的另一类型的装置是由例如AradigmCorporation提供的液体喷雾装置。液体喷雾系统采用极小的喷嘴孔使液体药物制剂气雾化,以便能直接吸入肺内。
在优选的实施方案中,用雾化器装置向肺传递式I或II化合物。通过利用,例如,超声波能量生成易于被吸入的细颗粒,雾化器可将液体药物制剂生成气溶胶(参见,例如,Verschoyle等,British J Cancer,1990,80,Suppl2,96,其通过引用结合到本文中)。雾化器的实例包括由Sheffield/Systemic Pulmonary Delivery Ltd.(参见,Armer等,美国专利第5,954,047号;van der Linden等,美国专利第5,950,619号;van der Linden等,美国专利第5,970,974号;通过引用将它们结合到本文中)、Aventis and Batelle PulmonaryTherapeutics提供的装置。目前正在研究用经雾化器装置传递的而吸入的式I化合物治疗气道消化道癌(aerodigestive cancer)(Engelke等,Poster342at American Associationof Cancer Research,San Francisco,Calif.,4月1-5,2000)和肺癌(Dahl等,Poster524atAmerican Association of Cancer Research,San Francisco,Calif.,4月1-5,2000)。
在特别优选的实施方案中,用电流体力学的(“EHD”)气溶胶装置向肺传递式I或II化合物。EHD气溶胶装置用电能使液体药物溶液或悬液气雾化(参见,例如,Noakes等,美国专利号4,765,539;Coffee,美国专利号4,962,885;Coffee,PCT申请,WO94/12285;Coffee,PCT申请,WO94/14543;Coffee,PCT申请,WO95/26234;Coffee,PCT申请,WO95/26235;Coffee,PCT申请,WO95/32807,其通过引用结合到本文中)。当用EHD气溶胶装置向肺传递该药物时,式I化合物的制剂的电化学性质可以是优化的重要参数,本领域的技术人员可常规进行这类优化。与现有肺传递技术相比,EHD气雾装置可更有效地向肺传递药物。式I或II化合物的肺内传递的其它方法也为熟练的技术人员所知,并在本发明的范围内。
适用于用雾化器、液体喷雾装置和EHD气溶胶装置的液体药物制剂一般包含式I化合物与药学上可接受的载体。所述药学上可接受的载体优选为液体例如醇、水、聚乙二醇或全氟化碳。可任选加入另一种原料以改变式I或II化合物的溶液或悬液的气溶胶性质。所述原料优选为液体例如醇、二醇、聚二醇或脂肪酸。本领域的技术人员知道适用于用气雾装置的液体药物溶液或悬液的其它配制方法(参见,例如,Biesalski,美国专利号5,112,598;Biesalski,5,556,611,通过引用结合于本文中)。也可将式I化合物配制成直肠或阴道组合物,例如含有常规栓剂基质例如可可脂或其它甘油酯的栓剂或滞留型灌肠剂。
除上述制剂外,式I或II化合物也可被配制成贮库(depot)制剂。这类长效贮库制剂可经植入(例如,皮下或肌内)或经肌内注射给药。因此,例如,可用合适的高分子材料或疏水材料(例如,作为可接受的油中的乳液)或离子交换树脂,将所述化合物配制成微溶的衍生物例如微溶的盐。
此外,可用其它药用传递系统。脂质体和乳液是可用于传递式I或II化合物的传递溶媒的熟知的实例。虽然通常以较大的毒性为代价,但仍可用某些有机溶剂例如二甲亚砜。也可在控释系统中传递式I化合物。在一个实施方案中,可使用泵(Sefton,CRC Crit.RefBiomed Eng.,1987,14,201;Buchwald等,Surgery,1980,88,507;Saudek等,N.Engl.J Med,1989,321,574)。在另一个实施方案中,可用高分子材料(参见Medical Applications ofControlled Release,Langer和Wise(编辑),CRC Pres.,Boca Raton,Fla.(1974);Controlled Drug Bioavailability,Drug Product Design and Performance,Smolen和Ball(编辑),Wiley,New York(1984);Ranger和Peppas,JMacromol.Sci.Rev.Macromol.Chem.,1983,23,61;还参见Levy等,Science1985,228,190;During等,Ann.Neurol.,1989,25,351;Howard等,1989,J.Neurosurg.71,105)。在另一个实施方案中,控释系统可置于本发明化合物的靶的附近,例如肺,因而只需要全身剂量的一部分(参见,例如,Goodson,in Medical Applications of Controlled Release,supra,第2卷,第115页(1984))。可用其它控释系统(参见,例如,Langer,Science,1990,249,1527)。
可用于提供包括于本发明的粘膜剂型的适用赋形剂(例如,载体和稀释剂)和其它材料为药学领域的技术人员所熟知,并取决于给定药用组合物或剂型所用的具体部位或方法。考虑到无毒和药学上可接受的事实,典型的赋形剂包括,但不限于,水、乙醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、矿物油及其混合物。这类添加剂的实例为本领域所熟知。参见,例如,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,MackPublishing,Easton PA(1990)。
也可调节药用组合物或剂型或所述药用组合物或剂型要应用的组织的pH,以促进一种或多种活性成分的传递。同样地,可调节溶剂载体的极性、它的离子强度或离子性以促进传递。也可向药用组合物或剂型中加入化合物例如硬脂酸盐,以有利地改变一种或多种活性成分的亲水性或亲油性来促进传递。因此,硬脂酸盐可用作所述制剂的脂类溶媒,用作乳化剂或表面活性剂,以及用作传递促进剂或渗透促进剂。所述活性成分的不同的盐、水合物或溶剂合物可用来进一步调节所生成的组合物的性质。
5.实施例
如果采用合适的试剂和基质,维持所述条件稍作变动,下列实施例所采用的方法可用于制备本发明中的具体的所有化合物。对本领域的技术人员而言,不进行下述给出过多试验,即可容易地实现这类变动。
5.1实施例1:3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸的制备
使40g2-氯代三苯甲基氯树脂(Rapp聚合物,德国)悬浮于无水二甲基甲酰胺(200mL)中10分钟,排出溶剂。向该树脂中加入3-氰基苯甲酸(12.71g,96.4mmol)的300mL二甲基甲酰胺溶液,并在室温下搅拌4小时。排出溶剂,用二氯甲烷(3×200mL×1分钟)、二甲基甲酰胺(3×200mL×1分钟)、甲醇(3×200mL×1分钟)和二氯甲烷(3×200mL×1分钟)洗涤该树脂。真空干燥该树脂4小时。经裂解小量与三乙基硅烷/三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷(10/50/40)反应过的树脂分析所需产物。LC/MS(ESI)m/z148[M+H]+和97%纯度。
室温下搅拌乙醇(300mL)中的3-氰基苯甲酸三苯甲基树脂10分钟,再除去溶剂。向羟胺盐酸盐(35.81g,516mmol)的乙醇(200mL)溶液中加入二异丙基乙胺(89.3mL,516mmol),并于室温下搅拌5分钟。向该树脂加入该反应混合物,并于40℃下搅拌24小时。除去溶剂,用二氯甲烷(3×200mL×10分钟)、二甲基甲酰胺(3×200mL×10分钟)、甲醇(3×200mL×10分钟)和二氯甲烷(3×200mL×10分钟)洗涤该树脂。真空干燥该树脂4小时。经裂解小量与三乙基硅烷/三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷(10/50/40)反应过的树脂分析所需产物。LC/MS(ESI)m/z181[M+H]+和90%纯度。
向羟基脒树脂(500mg,0.4mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(3mL)悬液中加入4-氟代苯甲酰氯(95μL,0.8mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(138μL,0.8mmol)。室温下彻夜搅拌该反应混合物。除去其溶剂,用二氯甲烷(3×10mL×10分钟)、二甲基甲酰胺(3×10mL×10分钟)、甲醇(3×10mL×10分钟)和二氯甲烷(3×10mL×10分钟)洗涤该树脂。真空干燥该树脂4小时。经裂解小量与三乙基硅烷/三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷(10/50/40)反应过的树脂分析所需产物。LC/MS(ESI)m/z303[M+H]+和65%纯度。
向酰基化树脂的无水二氯甲烷(1.5mL)悬液中加入二氯甲烷(1.5mL)中的50%三氟乙酸。室温下搅拌该反应混合物2小时。除去该树脂,减压浓缩滤液。使残余物溶解于甲苯(4mL)中的10%二甲基甲酰胺中,再于130℃搅拌2小时。除去溶剂,经制备型LC/MS纯化所述产物。LC/MS(ESI)m/z285[M+H]+和98%纯度。
用上述方法制备下列化合物。
用电喷雾电离(ESI)经LC/MS分析化合物。
5.2实施例2:3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸的制备
向3-氰基苯甲酸(44.14g,300mmol)的DMF(0.6L)溶液中加入K2CO3(62.19g,450mmol),再于室温下,搅拌30分钟。用20分钟向该悬液中加入碘代甲烷(28mL,450mmol),于室温下再搅拌该反应混合物4小时。将该反应混合物倒入1.2L冰水,搅拌30分钟,过滤出其沉淀。溶解该白色滤饼于甲醇(70mL)中,然后于冷水中再沉淀。得到得率79%的白色粉末的所需产物(38g经LC/UV分析,99%纯度)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.85(2H),8.28(1H),8.02(1H),4.17(3H).
室温下,向3-氰基苯甲酸甲酯(50g,310mmol)的乙醇(500mL)溶液中加入50%含水羟胺(41mL,620mmol)。于100℃搅拌该反应混合物1小时,减压除去溶剂。使该油性残余物溶解于20/80的乙醇/甲苯(50mL×2)中,然后再次浓缩。得到98%纯度(LC/UV)的白色粉末状所需酯(61g,定量得率)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ9.76(1H),8.24(1H),7.82(2H),7.51(1H),5.92(2H),3.82(3H).
于5℃,向3-(N-羟基脒基(carbamimidoyl))-苯甲酸甲酯(60g,310mmol)的无水THF(200mL)溶液中加入二异丙基乙胺(75ml,434mmol),然后用20分钟向该混合物中加入2-氟代苯甲酰氯(48.1mL,403mmol)。室温下搅拌该反应混合物1小时。滤出该沉淀,减压浓缩该滤液。使残余物溶解于乙酸乙酯(400mL),再用水(200mL×2)洗涤。减压除去溶剂,于己烷中的60%乙酸乙酯中结晶所需产物,生成白色固体状所需产物(81g,得率83%)。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.18(1H),8.03(2H),7.48(2H),7.18(2H),5.61(2H),3.82(3H).
在130℃下用Dean-Stark装置回流加热甲苯(500mL)中的44g3-(N-2-氟代苯甲酰基脒基)-苯甲酸甲酯4小时。5℃下搅拌该反应混合物18小时。滤出白色沉淀,浓缩滤液,再于甲苯中结晶。得到白色固体状的99%纯度(LC/UV)的所需噁二唑(38g,得率92%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.91(1H),8.38(1H),8.15(2H),7.62(2H),7.35(2H),3.95(3H).
向3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯(33g,111mol)的THF(400mL)溶液加入1.5M含水NaOH(100mL,144mmol)。于100℃回流加热该反应混合物2小时。减压除去有机溶剂,于5℃搅拌含水溶液2小时。过滤出白色沉淀,浓缩滤液,再于水中沉淀。用冷水洗涤白色滤饼,然后用冷冻干燥器干燥。得到98.6%纯度(LC/UV)的白色粉末状的所需盐(33g,得率96%)。
向3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯(3.3g,11mmol)的THF(40mL)溶液中加入1.5M含水NaOH(10mL,14mmol)。于100℃回流加热该反应混合物2小时。除去有机溶剂,用水(50mL)稀释含水溶液,接着用含水HCl酸化。过滤出白色沉淀,用冷水洗涤白色滤饼,然后用冷冻干燥器干燥。得到98%纯度(LC/UV)的白色粉末状的所需酸(3.0g,得率96%)。熔点242℃;
IRυ3000(Aromatic C-H),1710(C=O);1H-NMR(D6-DMSO)δ8.31(1H),8.18(2H),8.08(1H),7.88(2H),7.51(2H);13C-NMR(D6-DMSO)δ172.71,167.38,166.48,161.25,135.80,132.24,131.79,131.79,131.08,130.91,129.81,127.76,125.48,117.38,111.70;19F-NMR(D6-DMSO)δ109.7.
用上述方法制备下列化合物:
5.3实施例3:促进无义抑制和/或调节翻译终止的化合物的鉴别和特性
以上4.2节中所述试验用于两种高通量的筛选。用基于细胞的和生物化学试验筛选化合物。测试、再合成和再测试化合物,以确定化学结构。再用体外虫荧光素酶无义抑制试验确定3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐的性质。为确保所选化合物的所观察到的无义抑制活性不限于兔网织红细胞试验系统,制备并优化Hela细胞提取物(Lie&Macdonald,1999,Development126(22):4989-4996和Lie&Macdonald,2000,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.270(2):473-481)。
5.4实施例4:促进无义抑制和产生功能蛋白的化合物的特性
前述表明,在生物化学试验中,本发明化合物提高无义抑制水平超过未处理过的提取物3-4倍。为确定化合物是否在体内也起作用,用所选化合物处理保护(harboring)含有UGA无义的虫荧光素酶基因的稳定细胞系。使细胞生长于补充有1%青霉素-链霉素(P/S)和10%牛胎儿血清(FBS)的标准培养基中直至-70%汇合,处理前一天分成(split)1:1。在接下来的日子里,细胞被胰酶消化,将40,000个细胞加入到96-孔组织培养皿的每个孔中。制备各化合物的系列稀释液,以生成六个点的横越2个logs(30μM至0.3μM)的剂量反应曲线。各个孔的DMSO溶剂的最终浓度保持稳定于1%。用1%DMSO处理过的细胞用作背景标准,用庆大霉素处理过的细胞用作阳性对照。
5.5实施例5:3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐改变化学修饰剂对28S rRNA中的特异性核苷酸的可接近性。
上述研究已经表明,庆大霉素和降低翻译保真性的氨基糖苷家族的其它成员连结到16S rRNA的A位。经化学足迹法、UV交联和NMR,已表明庆大霉素结合在rRNA的A位(由核苷酸1400-1410和1490-1500组成,E.Coli编号)的核苷酸1406、1407、1494和1496上(Moazed&Noller,1987,Nature327(6121):389-394;Woodcock等,1991,EMBOJ.10(10):3099-3103;和Schroeder等,2000,EMBOJ.19:1-9)
用小分子(以100μM的浓度)培养由Hela细胞制备的核糖体,接着用化学修饰剂(硫酸二甲酯[DMS]和乙氧丁酮醛[KE])处理。化学修饰后,rRNAs经苯酚氯仿萃取,乙醇沉淀,用标记末端的低聚核苷酸杂交到三种rRNA的不同区域的引物延伸反应分析,并于6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上拆分。用于引物延伸的探针覆盖全部18S(7个低聚核苷酸引物)、28S(24个低聚核苷酸引物)和5S(一个引物)rRNAs。这些试验的对照物包括DMSO(DMSO诱导的rRNA可接近性改变的对照)、巴龙霉素(18S rRNA结合的标记物)和茴香霉素(28S rRNA结合的标记物)。
这些足迹法实验的结果表明,3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐改变化学修饰剂对28S rRNA中的特异性核苷酸的可接近性。更具体地说,被3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐保护的区域包括:(1)肽基转移酶中心附近的表示肽键形成的保守区域(V结构域),和(2)可与基于vernamycinin B与这两个区域结合的肽基转移酶中心相互作用的II结构域中的保守区域。
5.6实施例6:基于细胞的疾病模型中的提前终止密码子的通读
为说明无义抑制化合物对具体遗传疾病中变动过的mRNAs的作用,用3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐(20μM)处理保护氨基酸1282(W1282X)上无义密码子的细支气管上皮细胞系,用SPQ试验监测作为cAMP激活的氯化物通道的CFTR功能(Yang等,1993,Hum Mol Genet.2(8)∶1253-1261和Howard等,1996,Nat Med.2(4):467-469)。这些试验表明,这些细胞的cAMP处理导致SPQ荧光增加、与CFTR-介导的卤化物流出的刺激一致。当没有用化合物处理细胞或没有用cAMP刺激所述细胞时,未观察到荧光的增加。这些结果表明,当用3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐处理时,随着化合物处理,含这种无义等位基团表达的全长CFTR也起到作为cAMP刺激的阴离子通道的作用,从而表明囊性纤维化细胞系增加氯化物通道活性。
5.7实施例7:用3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐处理时含mdx无义小鼠的原代细胞表达全长肌营养不良蛋白。
已表明,mdx小鼠的突变,427kDa肌营养不良多肽的提前终止,是外显子23中3185位上的C至T转换(Sicinski等,1989,Science.244(4912)∶1578-1580)。如前述般制备衍生自1天龄的mdx小鼠的鼠初级骨胳肌肉培养物(Barton-Davis等,1999,J Clin Invest.104(4):375-381)。在3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐(20μM)存在下,培养细胞10天。每四天换培养介质,用前述的免疫染色法检测成肌细胞培养中的肌营养不良蛋白的存在(Barton-Davis等,1999,J Clin Invest.104(4):375-381)。对肌营养不良蛋白(F19A12)的C-末端采用未稀释的初级单克隆抗体,结合抗鼠IgG的若丹明被用作第二抗体。F19A12抗体可测定经无义密码子抑制生成的全长蛋白。用宾夕法尼亚大学的LeicaDMR显微镜、数码相机和相关成像软件可以观察染色。
5.8实施例8:mdx小鼠中的提前终止密码子的通读
如前所述(Barton-Davis等,1999,J Clin Invest.104(4):375-381),用植入被麻醉小鼠的皮肤之下的Alzet渗透泵传递化合物。提供两个剂量的3-[2-(4-异丙基-3-甲基-苯氧基)-乙酰基氨基]-苯甲酸钠盐。庆大霉素用作阳性对照,仅用溶剂充满的泵用作阴性对照。泵装有合适化合物,对所暴露组织的计算剂量是10μM和20μM。计算出达到组织暴露的庆大霉素浓度约为200μM。在初期试验中,在用氯胺酮麻醉小鼠及放血后,处理所述动物14天。然后,去除、冷冻试验动物的胫骨前(TA)肌肉,用于结合到纹状肌肉的肌营养不良蛋白的免疫荧光分析。用如前所述的免疫染色法,测定TA肌中肌营养不良蛋白的存在(Barton-Davis等,1999,J Clin Invest.104(4)∶375-381)。
5.9实施例9:200Mg剂量胶囊
表3举例说明批量制剂和200mg单一剂量单位,即约40%重量的单一剂型制剂。
表3.200mg胶囊制剂
使预胶化玉米淀粉(SPRESS B-820)和本发明化合物组分通过710μm筛,接着用挡板插入物(baffle insert)装入扩散混合器,搅拌15分钟。使硬脂酸镁通过210μm筛,再加入扩散混合器中。然后用Dosator型胶囊装填机将所述混合物包封在#0规格的胶囊中,每胶囊500mg(批量为8400粒胶囊)。
5.10实施例10:100Mg口服剂型
表4举例说明一批制剂和含有100mg本发明化合物的单一剂量单位制剂。
表4。100mg片剂
使微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和本发明化合物通过#30目筛(约430μ-约655μ)。使泊洛沙姆(由Lenexa,KS的JRH Biosciences,Inc.制备)表面活性剂通过#20目筛(约457μ-约1041μ)。向16qt双壳滚动混合器中加入泊洛沙姆表面活性剂和0.5kg的交联羧甲基纤维素钠,混合约5分钟。再将所述混合物转移至3立方英尺双壳滚动混合器中,向其中加入微晶纤维素,混合约5分钟。加入化合物,再混合25分钟。使该预混合物通过在滚筒式压制机的出口连有锤式碾碎器的滚筒式压制机,再返回所述滚动混合器。将余下的交联羧甲基纤维素钠和硬脂酸镁加入所述滚动混合器中,混合约3分钟。用旋转压片机压制最终混合物,每片含250mg(批量为200,000片)。
5.11实施例11:气溶胶型
在装有高剪切混合器的密封不锈钢容器中混合本发明化合物和12.6kg份量的三氯一氟甲烷,制备浓缩物。进行约20分钟的混合。再通过使所述浓缩物与产品罐(温度控制在21-27℃,压力控制在2.8-4.0BAR)中的平衡配重的推进剂混合于所述密封容器中,制备统装悬液。设计有计量定量阀的17ml气溶胶容器提供可吸入100次的本发明组合物。每容器含量如下∶
Claims (32)
1.一种组合物,其包含完整的细胞和下式的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
Z是取代的苯基,其被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代:卤代基、羟基、未取代的或被卤素取代的C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、苯基、氰基、叠氮基、氨基、被C1-10烷基单和双取代的氨基、硝基和吡咯烷基;
C3-7环烷基;
未取代的或被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代的C1-10烷基:C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、C3-7环烷基、未取代的或被卤素或C1-10烷氧基取代的苯基、未取代的或被卤素取代的苯氧基、和噻吩基;
C2-10链烯基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷酰基取代的哌啶基;
未取代的或被1-4个卤素取代的苯基C1-10烷基;
苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基;
苯并[1,2,5]二唑-基;
未取代的或被选自下述的取代基取代的吡啶基:卤代基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、吗啉基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的呋喃基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的噻吩基;
苯并噻吩基;或
异唑基;
R1是氢、C1-10烷基或-(CH2CH2)nOR6;
R2为氢或卤素;
R3为氢;
R4为氢、C1-10烷氧基或卤素;
R5为氢;
R6为氢、或未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代的C1-10烷基,其中所述烷氧基本身为未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代;
n是1-7的整数;
其中所述完整的细胞含有含提前终止密码子的mRNA,
其中所述组合物用于活体内提高由所述含提前终止密码子的mRNA所编码的蛋白的活性,并且所述细胞不在人体内。
2.权利要求1的活体内组合物,其中所述化合物具有下式:
其中Z如权利要求1中所定义;和R是氢或卤素。
3.权利要求1的活体内组合物,其中所述化合物选自:
3-[5-(4-氯甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-乙基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-戊氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-异丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,3-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-5-甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
4-氟-3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
2-氟-5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-2-甲氧基-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-6-羟基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-甲氧基-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(4-氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叠氮基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸; 和
3-[5-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,和
其药学上可接受的盐。
4.权利要求1的活体内组合物,其中所述化合物为3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,其具有下式:
。
5.一种活体内测试化合物是否提高由含有提前终止密码子的mRNA所编码的蛋白的量或功能活性的方法,它包括:
(a)用有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受的盐接触完整的细胞:
其中:
Z是取代的苯基,其被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代:卤代基、羟基、未取代的或被卤素取代的C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、苯基、氰基、叠氮基、氨基、被C1-10烷基单和双取代的氨基、硝基和吡咯烷基;
C3-7环烷基;
未取代的或被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代的C1-10烷基:C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、C3-7环烷基、未取代的或被卤素或C1-10烷氧基取代的苯基、未取代的或被卤素取代的苯氧基、和噻吩基;
C2-10链烯基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷酰基取代的哌啶基;
未取代的或被1-4个卤素取代的苯基C1-10烷基;
苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基;
苯并[1,2,5]二唑-基;
未取代的或被选自下述的取代基取代的吡啶基:卤代基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、吗啉基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的呋喃基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的噻吩基;
苯并噻吩基;或
异唑基;
R1是氢、C1-10烷基或-(CH2CH2)nOR6;
R2为氢或卤素;
R3为氢;
R4为氢、C1-10烷氧基或卤素;
R5为氢;
R6为氢、或未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代的C1-10烷基,其中所述烷氧基本身为未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代;
n是1-7的整数;和
(b)检测所述蛋白的量或活性,其中如果所述蛋白的量或活性在所述化合物存在下相对于不存在所述的情况下提高,则检测到提高所述蛋白的量或活性的化合物,
其中所述细胞不在人体内。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述化合物具有下式:
其中Z如权利要求5中所定义;和R是氢或卤素。
7.权利要求5的方法,其中所述化合物选自:
3-[5-(4-氯甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-乙基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-戊氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-异丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,3-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-5-甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
4-氟-3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
2-氟-5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-2-甲氧基-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-6-羟基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-甲氧基-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(4-氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叠氮基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸; 和
3-[5-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,和
其药学上可接受的盐。
8.权利要求5的方法,其中所述化合物为3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,其具有下式:
。
9.一种提高由含有提前终止密码子的mRNA所编码的蛋白的活性的方法,它包括
用有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受的盐活体内接触完整的细胞:
其中:
Z是取代的苯基,其被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代:卤代基、羟基、未取代的或被卤素取代的C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、苯基、氰基、叠氮基、氨基、被C1-10烷基单和双取代的氨基、硝基和吡咯烷基;
C3-7环烷基;
未取代的或被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代的C1-10烷基:C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、C3-7环烷基、未取代的或被卤素或C1-10烷氧基取代的苯基、未取代的或被卤素取代的苯氧基、和噻吩基;
C2-10链烯基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷酰基取代的哌啶基;
未取代的或被1-4个卤素取代的苯基C1-10烷基;
苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基;
苯并[1,2,5]二唑-基;
未取代的或被选自下述的取代基取代的吡啶基:卤代基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、吗啉基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的呋喃基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的噻吩基;
苯并噻吩基;或
异唑基;
R1是氢、C1-10烷基或-(CH2CH2)nOR6;
R2为氢或卤素;
R3为氢;
R4为氢、C1-10烷氧基或卤素;
R5为氢;
R6为氢、或未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代的C1-10烷基,其中所述烷氧基本身为未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代;
n是1-7的整数,
其中所述细胞不在人体内。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述化合物具有下式:
其中Z如权利要求9中所定义;和R是氢或卤素。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中所述化合物选自:
3-[5-(4-氯甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-乙基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-戊氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-异丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,3-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-5-甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
4-氟-3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
2-氟-5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-2-甲氧基-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-6-羟基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-甲氧基-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(4-氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叠氮基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;和
3-[5-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,和
其药学上可接受的盐。
12.权利要求9的方法,其中所述化合物为3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,其具有下式:
。
13.一种筛选提高由含有提前终止密码子的mRNA所编码的蛋白的化合物的方法,它包括:
(a)用有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受的盐活体内接触完整的细胞:
其中:
Z是取代的苯基,其被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代:卤代基、羟基、未取代的或被卤素取代的C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、苯基、氰基、叠氮基、氨基、被C1-10烷基单和双取代的氨基、硝基和吡咯烷基;
C3-7环烷基;
未取代的或被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代的C1-10烷基:C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、C3-7环烷基、未取代的或被卤素或C1-10烷氧基取代的苯基、未取代的或被卤素取代的苯氧基、和噻吩基;
C2-10链烯基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷酰基取代的哌啶基;
未取代的或被1-4个卤素取代的苯基C1-10烷基;
苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基;
苯并[1,2,5]二唑-基;
未取代的或被选自下述的取代基取代的吡啶基:卤代基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、吗啉基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的呋喃基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的噻吩基;
苯并噻吩基;或
异唑基;
R1是氢、C1-10烷基或-(CH2CH2)nOR6;
R2为氢或卤素;
R3为氢;
R4为氢、C1-10烷氧基或卤素;
R5为氢;
R6为氢、或未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代的C1-10烷基,其中所述烷氧基本身为未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代;
n是1-7的整数;和
(b)检测所述蛋白的活性,其中如果所述蛋白的活性在所述化合物存在下相对于不存在所述的情况下提高,则检测到提高所述蛋白活性的化合物,
其中所述细胞不在人体内。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述化合物具有下式:
其中Z如权利要求13中所定义;和R是氢或卤素。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中所述化合物选自:
3-[5-(4-氯甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-乙基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-戊氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-异丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,3-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-5-甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
4-氟-3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
2-氟-5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-2-甲氧基-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-6-羟基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-甲氧基-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(4-氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叠氮基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸; 和
3-[5-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,和
其药学上可接受的盐。
16.权利要求13的方法,其中所述化合物为3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,其具有下式:
。
17.一种测试化合物是否提高由含有提前终止密码子的mRNA所编码的蛋白的活性的方法,它包括:
(a)用有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受的盐活体内接触完整的细胞:
其中:
Z是取代的苯基,其被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代:卤代基、羟基、未取代的或被卤素取代的C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、苯基、氰基、叠氮基、氨基、被C1-10烷基单和双取代的氨基、硝基和吡咯烷基;
C3-7环烷基;
未取代的或被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代的C1-10烷基:C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、C3-7环烷基、未取代的或被卤素或C1-10烷氧基取代的苯基、未取代的或被卤素取代的苯氧基、和噻吩基;
C2-10链烯基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷酰基取代的哌啶基;
未取代的或被1-4个卤素取代的苯基C1-10烷基;
苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基;
苯并[1,2,5]二唑-基;
未取代的或被选自下述的取代基取代的吡啶基:卤代基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、吗啉基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的呋喃基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的噻吩基;
苯并噻吩基;或
异唑基;
R1是氢、C1-10烷基或-(CH2CH2)nOR6;
R2为氢或卤素;
R3为氢;
R4为氢、C1-10烷氧基或卤素;
R5为氢;
R6为氢、或未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代的C1-10烷基,其中所述烷氧基本身为未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代;
n是1-7的整数;和
(b)检测所述蛋白的活性,其中如果所述蛋白的活性在所述化合物存在下相对于不存在所述的情况下提高,则检测到提高所述蛋白的活性的化合物,
其中所述细胞不在人体内。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述化合物具有下式:
其中Z如权利要求17中所定义;和R是氢或卤素。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中所述化合物选自:
3-[5-(4-氯甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-乙基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-戊氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-异丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,3-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-5-甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
4-氟-3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
2-氟-5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-2-甲氧基-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-6-羟基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-甲氧基-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(4-氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叠氮基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸; 和
3-[5-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,和
其药学上可接受的盐。
20.权利要求17的方法,其中所述化合物为3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,其具有下式:
。
21.一种证实化合物提高由含有提前终止密码子的mRNA所编码的蛋白的活性的方法,它包括:
(a)用有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受的盐活体内接触完整的细胞:
其中:
Z是取代的苯基,其被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代:卤代基、羟基、未取代的或被卤素取代的C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、苯基、氰基、叠氮基、氨基、被C1-10烷基单和双取代的氨基、硝基和吡咯烷基;
C3-7环烷基;
未取代的或被1-4个选自下述的取代基取代的C1-10烷基:C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、C3-7环烷基、未取代的或被卤素或C1-10烷氧基取代的苯基、未取代的或被卤素取代的苯氧基、和噻吩基;
C2-10链烯基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷酰基取代的哌啶基;
未取代的或被1-4个卤素取代的苯基C1-10烷基;
苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基;
苯并[1,2,5]二唑-基;
未取代的或被选自下述的取代基取代的吡啶基:卤代基、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷硫基、吗啉基、吡咯烷基和哌啶基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的呋喃基;
未取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的噻吩基;
苯并噻吩基;或
异唑基;
R1是氢、C1-10烷基或-(CH2CH2)nOR6;
R2为氢或卤素;
R3为氢;
R4为氢、C1-10烷氧基或卤素;
R5为氢;
R6为氢、或未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代的C1-10烷基,其中所述烷氧基本身为未取代的或被C1-10烷氧基取代;
n是1-7的整数;和
(b)检测所述蛋白的活性,其中如果所述蛋白的活性在所述化合物存在下相对于不存在所述的情况下提高,则证实提高所述蛋白的活性的化合物,
其中所述细胞不在人体内。
22.权利要求21的方法,其中所述化合物具有下式:
其中Z如权利要求21中所定义;和R是氢或卤素。
23.权利要求21的方法,其中所述化合物选自:
3-[5-(4-氯甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-乙基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-三氟甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-戊氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-异丁基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,3-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-5-甲基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
4-氟-3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
2-氟-5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
5-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-2-甲氧基-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-6-羟基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-甲氧基-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-(2-{2-[2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙酯;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯;
3-[5-(4-氨基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-叠氮基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸; 和
3-[5-(4-苄氧基-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,和
其药学上可接受的盐。
24.权利要求21的方法,其中所述化合物为3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸,其具有下式:
。
25.一种用于治疗与提前终止密码子相关的疾病或病症的药物组合物,其包含药学上可接受的载体和下式的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物或立体异构体,其中:
Z是被一个或多个卤素取代的苯基;
R1是氢;
R2、R3、R4和R5为氢;
其中所述与提前终止密码子相关的疾病或病症是肌营养不良或囊性纤维化。
26.权利要求25的药物组合物,其中所述化合物选自:
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3,4-二氟-苯基)-[l,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,5-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(3-氯-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2,6-二氟-苯基)-[l,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸;
3-[5-(2-氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]噁二唑-3-基]-苯甲酸钠盐;和
其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物或立体异构体。
27.权利要求25的药物组合物,其中所述化合物具有下式:
。
28.权利要求25-27中任一项的药物组合物,其中所述提前终止密码子由包含错义突变、移码突变、插入突变、缺失突变、转换突变或颠换突变的突变引起。
29.权利要求25的药物组合物,其中所述肌营养不良是Duchenne肌营养不良。
30.权利要求25的药物组合物,其适用于以片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、液体、悬液、含水或胶囊的形式口服给予。
31.权利要求25的药物组合物,其含有0.1 mg-2000 mg所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物或立体异构体。
32.权利要求25的药物组合物,其中Z为(2-氟-苯基); (3,4-二氟-苯基)、(2-氯-苯基)、(3-氟-苯基)、(2,5-二氟-苯基)、(2,4-二氟-苯基)、(3-氯-苯基)、(4-氟-苯基)、(2,6-二氟-苯基)、(2,3-二氟-苯基)、(4-氯-2-氟-苯基)或(4-溴-2-氟-苯基)。
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