CN103608326B - 3-羧基-n-乙基-n,n-二甲基丙-1-铵盐在治疗心血管疾病中的用途 - Google Patents
3-羧基-n-乙基-n,n-二甲基丙-1-铵盐在治疗心血管疾病中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103608326B CN103608326B CN201280020494.9A CN201280020494A CN103608326B CN 103608326 B CN103608326 B CN 103608326B CN 201280020494 A CN201280020494 A CN 201280020494A CN 103608326 B CN103608326 B CN 103608326B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D239/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms directly attached in position 2
- C07D239/10—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C225/00—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones
- C07C225/02—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
- C07C225/04—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated
- C07C225/06—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
- C07C227/06—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid
- C07C227/08—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid by reaction of ammonia or amines with acids containing functional groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
- C07C227/18—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions involving amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. hydrolysis of esters or amides, by formation of halides, salts or esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C55/00—Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C55/02—Dicarboxylic acids
- C07C55/10—Succinic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/13—Dicarboxylic acids
- C07C57/15—Fumaric acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/12—Acetic acid esters
- C07C69/14—Acetic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds
- C07C69/145—Acetic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds of unsaturated alcohols
- C07C69/157—Acetic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds of unsaturated alcohols containing six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/52—Two oxygen atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐、其制备方法及其在治疗心血管疾病中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新化合物3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐(3-carboxy-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-aminiumsalts,式4的化合物),并涉及其制备方法
本发明还涉及3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐在治疗心血管疾病中的用途。
背景技术
心血管疾病(CVD)是一类心脏与血管的疾病。
在全球总死亡人数中,估计有1670万或29.2%是由于各种类型的心血管疾病(CVD)导致的。
心肌梗死(或心肌梗塞,心脏病发作)是冠状动脉疾病导致的一种严重后果。心肌梗死(MI)是心肌长期缺血后继发的不可逆转的坏死。心脏病发作或心肌梗死是一种医学急症,其中对心脏的供血突然严重减少或切断,导致心肌因缺氧而坏死。每年,超过110万人经历心脏病发作(心肌梗死或心肌梗赛),并且对于他们之中的许多人而言,心脏病发作是他们患上冠状动脉疾病的首发症状。心脏病发作可能会严重到足以致死,也可能不会造成什么影响。每五个人中多至一人仅有轻微的症状或完全没有症状,心脏病发作可能仅能通过一段时间后进行的常规心电图被发现。
心脏病发作(心肌梗死或心肌梗塞)通常由堵塞心脏动脉的血凝块引起。动脉通常已经由于附在动脉壁上的脂类沉积物而变得狭窄。这些沉积物可以破裂或裂开,减少血液流动并释放出使血小板粘稠并更容易形成凝结块的物质。有时,凝结块会在心脏自身内部形成,然后脱离,堵在为心脏给养的动脉中。这些动脉中的一条发生痉挛会导致血液流动停止。
γ-丁基甜菜碱(哺乳动物的机体由其合成肉毒碱)起初被表征为一种有毒物质,它会加速呼吸、导致流涎和流泪、瞳孔放大、血管收缩和心舒期中的心跳停止(LINNEWEH,W.Gamma-Butyrobetain,CrotonbetainundCarnitinimtierischenStoffwechsel.Hoppe-SeylersZeitschriftfürphysiolodischeChemie.1929,第181卷,第42-53页)。同时,在稍晚一些发表的论文中,其他作者查明了γ-丁基甜菜碱的毒性是极低的(LD50>7000mg/kg,s.c.)(ROTZSCH,W.lberdieToxizitatdesCarnitinsundeinigerverwandterStoffe.Actabiol.med.germ..1959,第3卷,第28-36页)。
在文献中,并未取得未取代γ-丁基甜菜碱的心血管效应方面的数据,尽管报道(HOSEIN,E.A.Pharmacologicalactionsofγ-Butyrobetaine.Nature.1959,第183卷,第328-329页)了γ-丁基甜菜碱是一种类似于乙酰胆碱的具有长期作用的物质。但是之后,同一作者又报道了由于实验中存在错误,实际上并非是γ-丁基甜菜碱,而是其甲酯具有胆碱能性质。与之前相反的是,γ-丁基甜菜碱被表征为一种药理学惰性物质(HOSEIN,E.A.Isolationandprobablefunctionsofbetaineestersinbrainmetabolism.Nature.1960,第187卷,第321-322页)。
与3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐结构相关的化合物公开在下面的文献中:
○GB1238868A(1971年7月14日)公开了用于聚合物的甜菜碱,如4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐。然而,并未介绍这些甜菜碱的药理学性质;
○US5973026A(XEROXCORP)(1999年10月26日)公开了用于油墨组合物的4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐和3-[二乙基(甲基)铵基]丙酸盐;
○LLOYDANDREW等人,Acomparisonofglycine,sarcosine,N,N-dimethylglycine,glycinebetaineandN-modifiedbetainesasliposomecryoprotectants.Journalofpharmacyandpharmacology.1992,第44卷,第6期,第507-511页,公开了用作脂质体冷冻保护剂的2-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]乙酸盐;
○DAVIDB.,THOMAS等人,Synthesis,Characterization,andAqueousSolutionBehaviorofElectrolyte-andpH-ResponsiveCarboxybetaine-ContainingCyclocopolymers.Macromolecules.2003,第36卷,第26期,第9710-9715页,公开了4-[二烯丙基(甲基)铵基]丁酸盐,及其由N,N-二烯丙基-N-甲基铵和4-溴丁酸乙酯起始的合成。使用Amberlite离子交换树脂在第二步中由酯得到游离酸。该产物用作合成聚合物的中间体;
○PrelogV.1930,第2卷,第712-722页公开了由4-二甲基铵基丁酸盐和碘甲烷起始合成4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐;
○在JP2009096766A(KONANGAKUEN)(2009年5月7日)中公开了4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐及其由三甲基胺和4-溴丁酸乙酯起始的合成。使用Amberlite离子交换树脂在第二步中由酯得到游离酸;
○WO2008/055843A(KALVINSHIVARS;CHERNOBROVIJSALEKSANDRS;VARACHEVALARISA;PUGOVICHSOSVALDS)(2008年5月15日),公开了4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐及其由相应的酯起始并使用KOH溶液的合成;
○CA2508094A(VIVIERCANADAINC)(2006年11月20日)公开了用作促进胶原合成用药物的甜菜碱,如4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐;
○US5965615A(TAIHOPHARMACEUTICALCOLTD;VALSTSZINATNISKAIESTADEBEZP)(1999年10月12日),公开了作为治疗心肌代谢紊乱药物的4-三甲基铵基丁酸盐,相同的化合物公开在US2007191381A(CONCERTPHARMACEUTICALSINC)(2007年8月16日)中用于治疗心肌梗死。
已知3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐二水合物是一种具有心脏保护性质的化合物(该物质的国际通用名为米屈肼(Meldonium))。3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐公开在US4481218(INSTORGANICHESKOGOSINTEZA)(1984年11月6日)以及US4451485A(INSTITUORCHSINTEZAAKADEMII)(1984年5月29日)中。
众所周知的是二水合物形式的3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐广泛用于控制肉毒碱和γ-丁基甜菜碱的浓度比,由此控制体内的脂肪酸β-氧化的速度(DAMBROVAM.,LIEPINSHE.,KALVINSHI.I.Mildronate:cardioprotectiveactionthroughcarnitine-loweringeffect.TrendsinCardiovascularMedicine,2002,第12卷,第6期,第275-279页)。
由于这些性质,米屈肼在医学中作为抗缺血、应激保护和心脏保护的药物广泛用于治疗各种心血管疾病和其它涉及组织缺血的病变(KARPOVR.S.,KOSHELSKAYAO.A.,VRUBLEVSKYA.V.,SOKOLOVA.A.,TEPLYAKOVA.T.,SKARDAI.,DZERVEV.,KLINTSARED.,VITOLSA.,KALNINSU.,KALVINSHI.,MATVEYAL.,URBANED.ClinicalEfficacyandSafetyofMildronateinPatientsWithIschemicHeartDiseaseandChronicHeartFailure.Kardiologiya.2000,第6期,第69-74页)。在心血管疾病的治疗中,3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)丙酸盐的作用机制基于对肉毒碱生物合成速率的限制和对相关的长链脂肪酸通过线粒体膜转运的限制(SIMKHOVICHB.Z.,SHUTENKOZ.V.,MEIRENAD.V.,KHAGIK.B.,MEZHAPUKER.J.,MOLODCHINAT.N.,KALVINSI.J.,LUKEVICSE.3-(2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinium)propionate(THP)-anovelgamma-butyrobetainehydroxylaseinhibitorwithcardioprotectiveproperties.BiochemicalPharmacology.1988,第37卷,第195-202页;KIRIMOTOT.,ASAKAN.,NAKANOM.,TAJIMAK.,MIYAKEH.,MATSUURAN.BeneficialeffectsofMET-88,aγ-butyrobetainehydroxylaseinhibitorinratswithheartfailurefollowingmyocardialinfarction.EuropeanJournalofPharmacology.2000,第395卷,第3期,第217-224页)。
发明概述
如已知的那样,米屈肼二水合物具有心脏保护作用;但是并没有数据表明γ-丁基甜菜碱本身具有明显的心脏保护作用。在专利EP0845986B(KALVINSHIVARS,VEVERISMARIS)(2003年4月2日)中公开了用于治疗心血管疾病的米屈肼二水合物与γ-丁基甜菜碱的药物组合物。
本发明的一个目的是提供具有明显的心脏保护作用的化合物。
通过提供新化合物3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐(式4的化合物)实现上述目的,所述新化合物具有类似于米屈肼或γ-丁基甜菜碱的结构
令人们惊讶的是,3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐具有明显的心脏保护作用,并在体内心肌梗死模型中比米屈肼二水合物更有效,由于这样的性质,3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐可用于医学。3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐可以以注射液的形式使用。
本发明的下列目的是制备所述式4的化合物的方法。
公开了用于制备式4的目标化合物3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐的方法,参见下面的图式。
制备式4的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐的方法包括下列工艺步骤:
a)将N,N-二甲基乙胺添加到在合适溶剂中的4-溴丁酸乙酯(1)中以获得4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(2);
b)使4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(2)通过离子交换树脂柱以获得4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3);
c)将选自2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸(4a)或(E)-丁烯二酸(4b)或琥珀酸(4c)或2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸一水合物(4d)或磷酸(4e)的酸添加到在合适溶剂中的4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)中以获得3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐(4)。
实施方案描述
将参考下列非限制性实施例更详细地描述本发明。
制备4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(2)
程序A
向4-溴丁酸乙酯(1)(20.0克,102.5毫摩尔)在乙腈(70毫升)中的溶液中添加N,N-二甲基乙胺(15毫升,139毫摩尔)并在环境温度下搅拌3天。将反应混合物蒸发,残余物与丙酮(50毫升)一起研磨,过滤,用醚洗涤并干燥以提供26.051克(94.8%)的4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物。LCMS(ESI+,m/z):[M-Br-]+188,纯度98.9%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,HMDSO)δ:1.26(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);1.44(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);2.00-2.11(m,2H);2.52(t,J=6.6Hz,2H);3.40(s,6H);3.64-3.73(m,2H);3.69(q,J=7.4Hz,2H);4.14(q,J=7.2Hz,2H)。
程序B
向4-溴丁酸乙酯(1)(19.5克,100毫摩尔)在丙酮(70毫升)中的溶液中添加N,N-二甲基乙胺(15毫升,139毫摩尔)并在环境温度下搅拌3天。将反应混合物过滤;固体物质用丙酮、醚洗涤并干燥以提供24.19克(90.2%)的标题化合物2。将滤液蒸发;残余物(2.147克)与醚一起研磨并干燥以提供额外批量(0.962克,3.6%)的产物2,其具有与主要部分相同的品质。醚洗液的蒸发能够回收0.956克(4.9毫摩尔,4.9%)的起始材料1。4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物:LCMS(ESI+,m/z):[M-Br-]+188,纯度98.4%。
1HNMR(CDCl3,HMDSO)δ:1.26(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);1.44(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);2.00-2.11(m,2H);2.52(t,J=6.6Hz,2H);3.40(s,6H);3.64-3.73(m,2H);3.69(q,J=7.4Hz,2H);4.14(q,J=7.2Hz,2H)。
制备4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)
使4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物(2)(12.00克,44.7毫摩尔)在水(10毫升)中的溶液通过IRA-410(OH)离子交换树脂柱(250毫升),用乙醇缓慢(大约10滴/分钟)洗脱(TLC对照)。将洗脱液蒸发,残余物(12克)溶解在水(50毫升)中。向该溶液中添加50WX8离子交换树脂(5克)并在环境温度下搅拌0.5小时。反应混合物通过硅藻土(1厘米)过滤,将洗脱液蒸发。残余物与异丙醇、乙腈和丙酮共沸干燥。获得的固体与丙酮(10毫升)一起研磨,混合物在0℃下保持2小时。将沉淀物过滤并在真空中经P2O-5干燥以获得4.65克(65%)的4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)。
(DMSO-d6,HMDSO)δ:1.24(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);1.66-1.76(m,2H);1.81(t,J=6.4Hz,2H);2.95(s,6H);3.16-3.23(m,2H);3.29(q,J=7.3Hz,2H).LCMS(ESI+,m/z):160[M+H]+。
C8H17NO2·1.55H2O的分析计算值:C51.34;H10.82;N7.48。
测试值:C51.36,H11.40,N7.34。
制备3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸盐(4a)
制备水混合物形式的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸盐。由此,将大约90%的4-[乙基-(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)(2.20克,12.44毫摩尔)和2-(乙酰氧基)-苯甲酸(2.266克,12.57毫摩尔)放置在容量瓶中并用水稀释直至100毫升。通过加热溶解混合物内容物,并通过降低温度令其沉淀。根据1H-NMR,沉淀的固体物质由几乎纯的2-(乙酰氧基)-苯甲酸组成。
制备3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵(2E)-3-羧基丙烯酸盐(4b)
向4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)(2.0克,12.56毫摩尔)在无水乙醇(10毫升)中的溶液中添加(E)-丁烯二酸(1.46克,12.56毫摩尔)在乙醇(50毫升)中的热(60℃)溶液。令反应混合物在环境温度下静置2小时,过滤出沉淀的晶体并经P2O5干燥以获得2.98克(85%)的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵(2E)-3-羧基丙烯酸盐。M.p.122-123℃。
1H-NMR(D2O,DSS)δ:1.36(tt,J=1.9,7.3Hz,3H);2.06(m,2H);2.49(t,J=7.1Hz,2H);3.06(s,6H);3.31(m,2H);3.40(q,J=7.3Hz,2H);6.75(s,1.9H,CH=CH).LCMSESI+(m/z):160[M+H]+。滴定分析:水含量(Fisher)0.13%,甜菜碱含量(HClO4)93.0%,(E)-丁烯二酸含量46.1%。
C8H17NO2·1.2C4H4O4(46.7%)的分析计算值:C51.50,H7.36,N4.69。
测试值:C51.52,H7.35,N4.61。
制备3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵3-羧基丙酸盐(4c)
制备水溶液形式的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵3-羧基丙酸盐。由此,将大约90%的4-[乙基-(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)(2.20克,12.44毫摩尔)和琥珀酸(1.49克,12.62毫摩尔)放置在容量瓶中并用水溶解和稀释直至100毫升。
制备3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸盐(4d)
向4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)(2.0克,12.56毫摩尔)在异丙醇(100毫升)中的溶液中添加2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸一水合物(2.187克,12.56毫摩尔),将反应混合物加热至回流,直到所有羧酸溶解。令反应混合物冷却至环境温度,将沉淀的晶体过滤出来,用异丙醇(5毫升)和二乙醚(20毫升)洗涤,并经P2O5干燥以获得3.238克(97.4%)的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸盐。M.p.150.7℃。
1H-NMR(D2O,DSS)δ:1.36(tt,J=2.0,7.3Hz,3H);2.05(m,2H);2.47(t,J=7.0Hz,2H);3.07(s,6H);3.31(m,2H);3.41(q,J=7.3Hz,2H);6.20(s,1H,C=CH)。
LCMSESI+(m/z):160[M+H]+。
C8H17NO2·C5H4N2O4(49.5%)的分析计算值:C49.52,H6.71,N13.33。
测试值:C49.59,H6.69,N13.26。
制备3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐(4e)
向4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐(3)(6.4克,40毫摩尔)在水(10毫升)中的溶液中添加85%的含水H3PO4(4.73克,40毫摩尔)在丙酮(10毫升)中的溶液,令所得溶液在环境温度下搅拌10分钟。将反应混合物蒸发并通过旋转蒸发仪在45℃下与丙酮共沸干燥。获得的白色结晶物质经P2O5干燥以获得9.82克(95%)的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐。M.p.110-135℃。
1H-NMR(D2O,DSS)δ:1.36(tt,J=1.8,7.3Hz,3H);2.06(m,2H);2.50(t,J=7.0Hz,2H);3.06(s,6H);3.32(m,2H);3.41(q,J=7.3Hz,2H).LCMSESI+(m/z):160[M+H]+。滴定分析:水含量(Fisher)0.356%,甜菜碱含量(HClO4)–95.682%。
C8H17NO2·0.052H2O(0.356%)·1.07H3PO4(39.6%)的分析计算值:C36.26;H7.73;N5.29。
测试值:C36.20,H7.72,N5.11。
获得的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐的纯度通过从甲醇中结晶来提高。由此,3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐(6.9克)从甲醇(40毫升)中结晶以获得5.326克(77%)的纯化的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐,m.p.为139℃。
C8H17NO2·H3PO4(38.1%)的计算值:C37.36;H7.84;N5.45。
测试值:C37.52,H7.85,N5.39。
心脏保护活性
将50只10周龄、体重为200-250克的雄性Wistar大鼠在标准条件下(21-23℃,12小时光-暗循环)进行饲养,使其无限制获取食物(R3饲料,LactaminAB,瑞典)和水。
在处理开始前,用两周的时间使大鼠适应当地的条件。用8周的时间每天口服米屈肼二水合物(剂量为20毫克/千克)、γ-丁基甜菜碱(剂量为20毫克/千克)和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐(剂量为20毫克/千克)。对照大鼠接受水。
离体大鼠心脏梗死研究
基本如早前所述的(Liepinsh等人,J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.2006;48(6):314-9)进行离体大鼠心脏实验。末次给药后24小时,将心脏切除并在37℃下用充氧的Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液在恒压下经主动脉对心脏进行逆灌。连续记录心率、左心室舒张末期压和左心室形成压。使用来自ADInstruments的超声流量探测器(HSE)和Powerlab8/30系统测量冠脉流量。对心脏灌注20分钟以稳定血液动力学功能,随后通过收紧穿过塑料管的线闭塞60分钟。成功的闭塞可通过冠脉流量减少大约40%来确认。通过松开线进行再灌注。在150分钟的再灌注期结束时,用0.1%的亚甲基蓝标出风险区。然后,将心脏从尖部到基部横切,切成厚度为2毫米的5个切片,并在1%三苯基氯化四唑的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4,37℃)中孵育10分钟,以将活组织染成红色,将坏死组织染成白色。使用Image-proPlus6.3软件对SonyA900照片进行计算机平面(planemetric)分析,以测定风险面积和坏死面积,以左心室面积的百分比表示。然后根据下式,将获得的值用于计算梗死面积(IS),以风险面积的百分比计:
梗死面积=坏死面积/风险面积×100%。
在离体大鼠心脏梗死模型中的效果
在离体大鼠心脏梗死模型中研究受试物质的抗梗死作用。在左冠状动脉闭塞的过程中,所有实验组中的冠脉流量减少了40%(从11毫升/分钟降至7毫升/分钟)。另外还观察到左心室形成压降低了50%。在闭塞过程中,心率没有明显变化。在再灌注阶段,冠脉流量、左心室形成压、±dp/dt值回复到对照水平的约80%。在对照组和处理组之间没有显著差异。
在离体大鼠心脏梗死实验中,用米屈肼二水合物(20毫克/千克)、γ-丁基甜菜碱(20毫克/千克)和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐(20毫克/千克)处理两周后对梗死面积的作用显示在表1、表2、表3、表4、表5、表6中。
表1
米屈肼二水合物、γ-丁基甜菜碱和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸盐对梗死面积的作用
表2
米屈肼二水合物、γ-丁基甜菜碱和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵(2E)-3-羧基丙烯酸盐对梗死面积的作用
表3
米屈肼二水合物、γ-丁基甜菜碱和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸盐对梗死面积的作用
表4
米屈肼二水合物、γ-丁基甜菜碱和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐对梗死面积的作用
表5
米屈肼二水合物、γ-丁基甜菜碱和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵3-羧基丙酸盐对梗死面积的作用
表1-5中提及的各个值代表9-10只动物的平均值±标准误差。
*与对照组比较p<0.05;#与γ-丁基甜菜碱组比较p<0.05,$与米屈肼二水合物组比较p<0.05
如表1-5中所示,剂量为20毫克/千克的米屈肼二水合物处理不具有治疗作用;γ-丁基甜菜碱使梗死面积降低了12.4%。
20毫克/千克剂量的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸盐使梗死面积降低了38.4%。
20毫克/千克剂量的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵(2E)-3-羧基丙烯酸盐使梗死面积降低了53.5%。
20毫克/千克剂量的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸盐使梗死面积降低了39.4%。
20毫克/千克剂量的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐使梗死面积降低了43.9%。
20毫克/千克剂量的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵3-羧基丙酸盐使梗死面积降低了37.1%。
Claims (9)
1.3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵(2E)-3-羧基丙烯酸盐
2.3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸盐
3.3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐
4.制备3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐的方法,包括:
a.将N,N-二甲基乙胺添加到在合适的溶剂中的4-溴丁酸乙酯中以获得4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物;
b.使4-乙氧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基-4-氧代-1-丁铵溴化物通过离子交换树脂柱以获得4-[乙基(二甲基)铵基]丁酸盐;
c.添加在合适的溶剂中的选自富马酸、乳清酸和磷酸的酸以获得相应的3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中在步骤a)中,所述合适的溶剂是乙腈或丙酮。
6.3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐,选自3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵(2E)-3-羧基丙烯酸盐、3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸盐和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐,其用作药物。
7.3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐在制备用于治疗心血管疾病的药物中的用途,其中所述3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵盐选自3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵(2E)-3-羧基丙烯酸盐、3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-甲酸盐和3-羧基-N-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙-1-铵磷酸二氢盐。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述心血管疾病是缺血性心脏病。
9.如权利要求8所述的用途,其中所述缺血性心脏病是心肌梗死。
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