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CN103445982A - 包含阳离子合成共聚物和去污表面活性剂的个人护理组合物 - Google Patents

包含阳离子合成共聚物和去污表面活性剂的个人护理组合物 Download PDF

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CN103445982A
CN103445982A CN2013104168401A CN201310416840A CN103445982A CN 103445982 A CN103445982 A CN 103445982A CN 2013104168401 A CN2013104168401 A CN 2013104168401A CN 201310416840 A CN201310416840 A CN 201310416840A CN 103445982 A CN103445982 A CN 103445982A
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personal care
care composition
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马乔里.M.佩弗利
马克.A.布朗
詹姆斯.A.斯托迪格尔
张君济
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种个人护理组合物，所述组合物包含：a)具有净正电荷的合成随机共聚物，其包含：i.)下式(I)的非离子单体单元：其中R为H或C1-4烷基；以及R1和R2独立地选自由下列组成的组：H、C1-4烷基、CH2OCH3、CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、和苯基，或一起为C3-6环烷基；和具有下式(II)的两个或更多个正电荷的阳离子单体单元：其中k=1，v、v'和v''各自独立地为1至6的整数，w为零或1至10的整数，X-为阴离子，和b)去污表面活性剂；和c)含水载体。

Description

包含阳离子合成共聚物和去污表面活性剂的个人护理组合物
本申请是中国发明专利申请(申请日：2007年1月9日；申请号：200780002148.7(国际申请号：PCT/IB2007/050061)；发明名称：包含阳离子合成共聚物和去污表面活性剂的个人护理组合物)的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及具有优良起泡和调理性能的个人护理组合物，其包含精选的合成共聚物。
发明背景
包含多种去污表面活性剂和毛发调理剂组合的调理个人护理组合物是已知的。这些个人护理组合物通常包含阴离子去污表面活性剂与调理剂（如硅氧烷、烃油、脂肪族酯或它们的组合）的组合。作为一种可从单一毛发护理产品中方便地获得所有毛发调理和毛发清洁性能的方法，这些个人护理组合物在消费者中已变得越来越普及。
然而，许多调理个人护理组合物在应用过程中未能在毛发或皮肤上提供足够的调理剂沉积。如果沉积是可能的，唯一的可能是制剂具有相对低含量的阴离子表面活性剂。如果没有上述沉积，则大部分调理剂将在应用过程中被洗去，从而提供极少的调理有益效果或不提供任何调理有益效果。如果在毛发或皮肤上没有足够的调理剂沉积，则在个人护理组合物中可能需要相对高含量的调理剂以提供足够的毛发或皮肤调理性能。然而，如此高含量的调理剂会增加原料的成本、降低起泡性能并且呈现产品稳定性问题。此外，为形成凝聚层的总阴离子表面活性剂的极限可限制化学式的泡沫电位，或导致对于较高含量的实现优良泡沫所需的更昂贵的两性表面活性剂的需要。
一种提高毛发调理剂在毛发上的沉积的已知方法涉及使用某些阳离子沉积聚合物。这些聚合物可以是合成的，但通常大多数是已用阳离子取代基改性的天然纤维质或瓜耳胶聚合物。
用水稀释所述个人护理组合物以形成凝聚层对于提高多种调理活性物质的沉积是重要的，尤其是对于具有小液滴尺寸（即≤2微米)的那些。通常，在所述个人护理组合物使用期间发生稀释。例如，当使用者用个人护理组合物润湿头发时，所述产品自动被水稀释。为形成凝聚层，包含典型的阳离子聚合物（如已用阳离子取代基改性的天然纤维质或瓜耳胶聚合物）的个人护理组合物显著地趋于限制总阴离子浓度以在稀释后达成足够的凝聚层含量。例如，在硫酸化的阴离子表面活性剂中限制硫酸根的总含量将有助于凝聚层的形成，但将限制能用特定个人护理清洁组合物实现的泡沫体积。因此，对于低成本、高起泡、凝聚层形成组合物，希望使用能与较高含量阴离子表面活性剂形成凝聚层的阳离子聚合物。
因此，仍然需要能提供显著调理和起泡性能的个人护理组合物。
现已发现，精选的合成阳离子聚合物能够提高调理性能（尤其是湿发调理）并且能够改善分散在毛发或皮肤上的毛发调理剂的沉积。通过稀释形成凝聚层，这些精选的聚合物对改善分散在毛发和皮肤上的毛发调理剂的沉积尤其有效。在一个实施例中，在个人护理组合物中配制与阴离子去污表面活性剂的特定含量的组合时，凝聚层形成被优化。
发明概述
本发明通过提供个人护理组合物满足了上述需要，所述个人护理组合物包含：
a)具有净正电荷的随机合成共聚物，基于所述共聚物的单体单元的总数量；
i.)下式的非离子单体单元：
Figure BDA0000381691740000021
其中R为H或C1-4烷基；并且R1和R2独立地选自由下列组成的组：H、C1-4烷基、CH2OCH3、CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、和苯基，或一起为C3-6环烷基；和
ii.)具有两个或更多个下式的正电荷的阳离子单体单元：
其中k=1，v、v'和v''各自独立地为1至6的整数，w为零或1至10的整数，并且X-为阴离子；和
b)去污表面活性剂；和
c)含水载体。
一个实施例包含具有优化的乙氧基化物含量和阴离子含量的阴离子表面活性剂体系。
对于本领域的技术人员来说，通过阅读本说明书的公开内容，本发明的这些和其它特征、方面和优点将变得显而易见。
发明详述
虽然本说明书以特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书作出结论，但据信通过以下说明可更好地理解本发明。
本发明的个人护理组合物包含随机合成共聚物、去污表面活性剂和含水载体。下文详述了这些基本组分中的每一个以及优选或任选的组分。
除非另外指明，所有的百分比、份数和比率均基于本发明组合物的总重量。有关所列成分的所有重量均基于活性物质的含量，因此除非另外指明，它们不包括可能包括在市售材料中的溶剂或副产物。本文中，术语“重量百分比”可表示为“重量%”。
除非另外指明，本文所用的所有分子量均为重均分子量，以克/摩尔表示。
本文所用术语“电荷密度”是指构成聚合物的单体单元上的正电荷数与所述单体单元的分子量的比率。电荷密度乘以聚合物分子量决定给定聚合物链上的正电荷位点数目。
本文所用术语“凝聚层”是指表面活性剂和聚合物形成的复合物，该聚合物可在净个人护理组合物中是可溶的或不可溶的，并且在稀释后可变得更难于溶解，因此导致了溶液中其相分离或沉淀水平的增加。
术语“包含/包括”是指未列举步骤、元件或其他成分不一定被排除。该术语包括术语“由...组成”和“基本上由...组成”。所述组合物和方法/过程可包括、由和基本上由本文所述的本发明基本元素和限制以及本文所述的任何附加或任选成分、组分、步骤或限制所组成。
如本文所用，术语“线性电荷密度”是指构成聚合物的单体单元上的正电荷数与所述单体单元长度“埃”的比率。单体单元的长度通过非离子单体的“埃”长度乘以非离子单体的比率加上阳离子单体的“埃”长度乘以阳离子单体的比率来计算。
如本文所用，术语“质量电荷密度”是指构成聚合物的单体单元上的正电荷数与所述单体单元的分子量的比率。单体单元的分子量通过非离子单体的分子量乘以非离子单体的比率加上阳离子单体的分子量乘以阳离子单体的比率来计算。
如本文所用，术语“净”是指所述个人护理组合物的纯粹形式（即通过水稀释本组合物的改变）。
如本文所用，术语“聚合物”应包括通过一种类型的单体或两种（即共聚物）或更多种（即三元共聚物）类型的单体聚合的材料。
如本文所用，术语“水不溶性的”是指在所述个人护理组合物中聚合物不溶于水。因此，该聚合物不与水混溶。一般来讲，溶解度在约25℃时测定。
如本文所用，术语“水溶性的”是指在所述个人护理组合物中聚合物溶于水。一般来讲，所述聚合物在约25℃按水溶剂的重量计应可度至少约0.1%，优选至少约1%，更优选至少约5%，最优选至少约15%的浓度溶解。
一个实施例涉及惊奇的发现，即结合了一定具体含量和比率的由总阴离子和乙氧基化值所描述（本文所述）的表面活性剂的组合物可通过使凝聚层的形成最大化来使调理有益效果达到最佳。已发现，最佳的表面活性剂组合物能通过两个参数来描述。这些参数包括阴离子和乙氧基化值，当该值表示为聚合物的电荷密度和分子量的函数时，可使凝聚层的形成最大化。
不受特定理论的限制，凝聚层可改进毛发和皮肤调理而无需任何额外的调理活性物质。此外，当将分散的调理剂微滴加入到基质中时，该凝聚层可改进调理剂沉积机理，从而获得可导致更好的调理有益效果的调理剂沉积。
合成共聚物
所述个人护理组合物包括合成共聚物，该共聚物与去污表面活性剂组分、含水载体和其他本文中的任选组分组合，在稀释后形成凝聚层。所述聚合物在个人护理组合物中被配制成能提供配制时适于调理的性能，即使没有附加的调理活性物质，也能够做为（本文所述的）调理剂的沉积助剂作用于毛发或皮肤上。所述合成共聚物的单体单元可以被排列形成无规共聚物和接枝共聚物，优选无规共聚物。
洗发剂组合物中的合成无规共聚物的浓度为约0.01%至约5%，优选为约0.05%至约3%，更优选为约0.075%至约1%，其中所述百分比是按组合物重量为100%计的。
另一个实施例包括包含一种充分高分子量的合成共聚物的个人护理组合物，以有效地提高本文所述的个人护理组合物的调理活性组分的沉积。所述合成无规共聚物的平均分子量通常介于约10,000和约10百万之间，优选介于约100,000和约3百万之间，还更优选介于约200,000和约2百万之间。
在进一步的实施例中，在预期使用个人护理组合物的pH下，合成共聚物具有约0.1meq/gm至约6.0meq/gm，更优选约0.5meq/gm至约3.0meq/gm的质量电荷密度。pH值一般在约pH3至约pH9的范围内，更优选介于约pH4和约pH8之间。
在另一个实施例中，合成共聚物具有至少约2meq/A至约500meq/A，更优选约20meq/A至约200meq/A，最优选约25meq/A至约100meq/A的线性电荷密度。
非离子单体单元
所述合成聚合物包括由下述化学式I表示的非离子单体单元：
I.
Figure BDA0000381691740000061
其中R为H或C1-4烷基；并且R1和R2独立地选自由下列组成的组：H、C1-4烷基、CH2OCH3、CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、和苯基，或一起为C3-6环烷基。
在一个实施例中，非离子单体单元是丙烯酰胺(AM)，即，其中R、R1、和R2为H，如下所示:
Figure BDA0000381691740000062
另一种优选的非离子单体单元是异丁烯酰胺(MethAM)，即，其中R为C1烷基，R1和R2各自为H：
Figure BDA0000381691740000063
然而，在上面给出的化学式范围内的其他丙烯酰胺衍生物也设想为本发明中丙烯酰胺单体形成的聚丙烯酰胺和共聚物的部分。
所述合成共聚物的非离子单体部分的含量按总的共聚物的重量计为约50%至约99.5%。优选地，该含量按所述合成聚合物的重量计为约70%至约99%，更优选约80%至约99%。
阳离子单体单元
所述合成聚合物还包括由化学式II表示的阳离子单体单元：
Figure BDA0000381691740000071
其中k=1，v，v'和v''各自独立地为1至6的整数，w为0或1至10的整数，并且X-为阴离子。
在一个实施例中，存在一种结构，其中k=1，v=3和w=0，z=1并且X-是根据上述化学式II的Cl-，以形成如下结构：
Figure BDA0000381691740000072
上述结构可被称作二季铵。
但另一个实施例通过形成的结构实现，其中v和v''各自为3，v'=1，w=1，y=1和X-为根据化学式II的Cl-，例如:
Figure BDA0000381691740000081
上述结构可被称作三季铵。
合适的阳离子单体通过例如在美国专利申请公布2004/0010106A1中描述的方法制备。
在一个实施例中，所述合成共聚物的阳离子单体部分的含量按总的共聚物的重量计为约0.5%至约50%。优选地，该含量按所述合成聚合物的重量计为约1%至约30%，更优选约1%至约20%。
制备三季铵单体的方法
聚合反应技术的非限制性实例描述于美国专利4,387,017，EP156,646和美国专利公布2004/0010106A1中。
在一个实施例中，所述三季铵单体通过在一个配备机械搅拌器、气体入口、冷凝器和温度计的夹套反应器烧瓶中进行一个三步反应形成。在整个反应过程中，保持机械搅拌和空气吹扫。首先，将340.52g的二甲基氨丙基异丁烯酰胺(DMAPMA)、238.75g的甲基氯乙酸、0.34g的4-甲氧基苯酚(MEHQ)和425g的甲醇加入到反应器中并加热至约65-70℃反应约5小时，生成(丙基异丁烯酰胺)(甲氧基-羧甲基)二甲基氯化铵(MMDMAC)。每2小时取样并进行HPLC分析，Cl以AgNO3滴定以确保100%转换。其次，在其冷却到室温(约25℃)之后，将0.365g的mEHQ和224.5g的二甲基氨基丙胺(DMAPA)缓慢加入mMDMAC溶液。观察到放热反应，混合物呈淡黄色。在约65-70℃的温度继续加热2小时，然后真空下蒸馏出甲醇。在第二步以HPLC确定所有的酯转化成酰胺后，加入637g65%(3-氯-2-羟丙基)三甲基氯化铵(Quat-188）。然后，将所述温度维持在约65-70℃约两小时。所述反应在水中再继续一小时以产生三季铵单体。如此合成的三季铵预期包含少量多季铵杂质，这是由于氯乙酸和DMAPA的轻微过量使用。所述多季铵与聚合反应和三季铵的使用无关。如果要求高纯度三季铵或多季铵，过量的氯乙酸和DMAPA可在真空下除去。
去污表面活性剂
所述个人护理组合物包含去污表面活性剂体系。包含了去污表面活性剂体系来为组合物提供清洁性能。所述去污表面活性剂体系包含至少一种阴离子表面活性剂和任选的两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、或它们的组合。上述表面活性剂应与本文所述的基本组分在物理和化学上是相容的，或换句话讲，不应不适当地损害产品的稳定性、美观性或性能。
适用于本文个人护理组合物中的合适的阴离子表面活性剂组分包括已知用于毛发护理或其它个人护理组合物中的那些。所述个人护理组合物中的阴离子表面活性剂体系的浓度应足以提供所需的清洁和起泡性能，并且按所述组合物的重量计通常在约5%至约50%，优选约8%至约30%，更优选约10%至约25%的范围内。
考虑到个人护理组合物的性能特性，如凝聚层形成、湿调理性能、干调理性能和调理剂在毛发上的沉积，希望最优化表面活性剂的含量和类型以最大化聚合物体系的潜在性能。在一个实施例中，可用于个人护理组合物中的阴离子表面活性剂体系具有乙氧基化物含量和阴离子含量，其中所述乙氧基化物含量为约1至约10，并且其中所述阴离子含量为约1至约10。这种阴离子表面活性剂与合成共聚物的组合增强了调理剂在毛发和/或皮肤上的沉积而没有降低清洁和起泡性能。
基于表面活性剂结构的化学计量学来计算最佳的乙氧基化物含量，所述化学计量学依次基于其中已知乙氧基化摩尔数的表面活性剂的具体分子量。同样，若给定表面活性剂的具体分子量和阴离子反应的完成量度，可计算阴离子含量。分析方法已进行了改进以可在表面活性剂体系中测定乙氧基化作用或阴离子化作用。以如下方式，由单独表面活性剂的乙氧基化物百分比和阴离子百分比来计算具体表面活性剂体系的代表性乙氧基化物含量和阴离子含量：
组合物中的乙氧基化物含量=乙氧基化物百分比×活性乙氧基化表面活性剂百分比（基于所述组合物的总重量）。
组合物中的阴离子含量=乙氧基化表面活性剂中的阴离子百分比×活性乙氧基化表面活性剂百分比（基于所述组合物的总重量）＋非乙氧基化表面活性剂中的阴离子百分比×活性非乙氧基化表面活性剂百分比（基于所述组合物的总重量）。
如果组合物包含两种或多种分别具有不同阴离子的表面活性剂（如表面活性剂A具有硫酸根基团，而表面活性剂B具有磺酸根基团），则组合物中的阴离子含量为如上所计算的每种阴离子各自摩尔含量之和。
样本计算：
实例I显示包含0.294321%乙氧基化物和0.188307%硫酸盐作为阴离子的乙氧基化表面活性剂，和包含0.266845%硫酸盐作为阴离子的非离子乙氧基化表面活性剂。
实例1中的乙氧基化物含量=0.294321x6(活性乙氧基化表面活性剂百分比)。因此，实例I中的组合物的乙氧基化物含量为大约1.77。
实例I中的阴离子含量=0.188307x6(活性乙氧基化表面活性剂百分比)+0.266845x10(活性非乙氧基化表面活性剂百分比)。因此，实例I中的组合物的阴离子含量大约为3.80。
在一个实施例中，所述去污表面活性剂体系包含至少一种阴离子表面活性剂，该阴离子表面活性剂包含选自由下列组成的组的阴离子：硫酸根、磺酸根、磺基琥珀酸根、羟乙基磺酸根、羧酸根、磷酸根和膦酸根。优选地，所述阴离子为硫酸根。
可用于个人护理组合物中的阴离子表面活性剂的实例包括月桂基硫酸铵、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、月桂基硫酸三乙基胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸三乙基胺、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸二乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸二乙醇胺、月桂酸甘油单酯硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钾、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、月桂基肌氨酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、肌氨酸月桂酯、椰油基肌氨酸、椰油基硫酸铵、十二烷酰基硫酸铵、椰油基硫酸钠、月桂酰硫酸钠、椰油基硫酸钾、月桂基硫酸钾、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、椰油基硫酸一乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸单乙醇胺、以及它们的组合。
除了上述硫酸根、羟乙基磺酸根、磺酸根、磺基琥珀酸根以外，可用于阴离子表面活性剂中的其它可能的阴离子还包括膦酸根、磷酸根和羧酸根。
所述个人护理组合物还可包含一种或多种附加的表面活性剂，所述表面活性剂选自由下列组成的组：两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂。适用于本发明的个人护理组合物中的两性、两性离子、阳离子或非离子表面活性剂包括已知用于毛发护理或其它个人护理组合中的那些。此类表面活性剂的浓度按所述组合物的重量计优选在约0.5%至约20%，优选约1%至约10%的范围内。适宜的表面活性剂的非限制性实例描述在美国专利5,104,646和5,106,609中，两者均授予Bolich，Jr.等人。
含水载体
所述个人护理组合物包括含水载体。可根据与其它组分的相容性和产品所需的其它特性来选择载体的含量和种类。
可用于本发明的载体包括水和低级烷基醇的水溶液。用于本发明的低级烷基醇是具有1至6个碳原子的一元醇，更优选乙醇和异丙醇。
附加的阳离子聚合物
为针对具体消费者群体调节漂洗感，一个实施例包含所述合成共聚物和其他传统聚合物（如阳离子纤维素、阳离子瓜耳胶、阳离子淀粉、或甚至其他阳离子合成聚合物）的共混物。
纤维素或瓜耳阳离子沉积聚合物
所述个人护理组合物还可包含纤维素或瓜耳阳离子沉积聚合物。通常，所含有的上述纤维素或瓜耳阳离子沉积聚合物的浓度按所述组合物的重量计为约0.05%至约5%。适宜的纤维素或瓜耳阳离子沉积聚合物具有大于约5,000的分子量。此外。上述纤维素或瓜耳阳离子沉积聚合物在个人护理组合物预期使用的pH下具有约0.5meq/g至约4.0meq/g的电荷密度，所述pH通常在约pH3至约pH9，优选约pH4至约pH8的范围内。所述组合物的pH是净的测量。
在本发明的一个实施例中，纤维素或瓜耳阳离子沉积聚合物为羟乙基纤维素与三甲基铵取代的环氧化物反应的盐，其在工业上(CTFA)称为聚季铵盐10，并可得自Amerchol Corp.，Edison，N.J.，USA。
阳离子沉积聚合物
除了本发明的合成阳离子共聚物外，本文的个人护理组合物还可包含附加的合成阳离子沉积聚合物。一般来讲，上述合成阳离子沉积聚合物能够以按所述组合物的重量计约0.025%至约5%的浓度存在。上述合成阳离子沉积聚合物具有约1,000至约5,000,000的分子量。此外，上述合成阳离子沉积聚合物具有约0.5meq/g至约10meq/g的电荷密度。
适宜的合成阳离子沉积聚合物包括水溶性或水可分散的、阳离子非交联调理共聚物的那些，其包含：(i)一种或多种阳离子单体单元；和(ii)一种或多种非离子单体单元或末端带有负电荷的单体单元；其中所述共聚物具有净正电荷、约0.5meq/g至约10meg/g的阳离子电荷密度、和约1,000至约5,000,000的平均分子量。
适宜的合成阳离子沉积聚合物的非限制性实例描述于授予Geary等人的美国专利申请公布US2003/0223951A1中。
阳离子改性淀粉聚合物
除了本发明的合成阳离子共聚物外，本文的个人护理组合物还可包含附加的水溶性阳离子改性淀粉聚合物。如本文所用，术语“阳离子改性淀粉”是指在使淀粉降解以具有较小分子量之前向其中加入阳离子基团的淀粉，或是指在使淀粉改性以具有适宜分子量之后向其中加入阳离子基团的淀粉。术语“阳离子改性淀粉”的定义还包括两性改性的淀粉。术语“两性改性的淀粉”是指向其中加入阳离子基团和阴离子基团的淀粉水解产物。
在一个实施例中，所述个人护理组合物包含按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%，更优选约0.05%至约5%范围内的阳离子改性淀粉聚合物。
在一个实施例中，所述个人护理组合物包含阳离子改性的淀粉聚合物，其具有约0.7meq/g至约7meq/g的电荷密度。为了获得上述电荷密度，所述化学改性包括但不限于向所述淀粉分子中加入氨基和/或铵基。
适宜的阳离子改性淀粉聚合物的非限制性实例描述于授予Peffly等人的美国专利申请公布US10/758656中。
油性调理剂
在一个优选的实施例中，个人护理组合物包含一种或多种油性调理剂。油性调理剂包括用于向毛发和/或皮肤提供特定调理有益效果的物质。在毛发处理组合物中，适宜的调理剂是递送一种或多种有益效果的那些，这些有益效果涉及光泽、柔软性、可梳理性、抗静电性、湿处理性、抗损伤、整理性、主体和抗油腻。用于所述个人护理组合物中的油性调理剂通常包括水不溶性、水分散性、非挥发性、可形成乳化液体颗粒的液体。适用于组合物中的油性调理剂是通常以硅氧烷（如硅油、阳离子硅氧烷、硅橡胶纯胶料、高折射硅氧烷和硅氧烷树脂）、有机调理油（如烃油、聚烯烃和脂肪族酯）或它们组合为特征的那些调理剂，或是在本文含水表面活性剂基质中另外形成液体可分散颗粒的那些调理剂。
一种或多种油性调理剂通常以按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%，优选约0.1%至约8%，更优选约0.2%至约4%的浓度存在。
在一个优选的实施例中，油性调理剂与合成阳离子聚合物的比率为至少约2:1。
适宜的硅氧烷调理剂和用于所述硅氧烷的任选悬浮剂的非限制性实例描述于美国重新公布的专利34,584、美国专利5,104,646和美国专利5,106,609中。在25℃下测量时，可用于组合物中的硅氧烷调理剂优选具有约0.00002至约2m2/s（约20至约2,000,000厘沲(“csk”)，更优选约0.001至约1.8m2/s（约1,000至约1,800,000csk），甚至更优选约0.005至约1.5m2/s（约5,000至约1,500,000csk），更优选约0.01至约1m2/s（约10,000至约1,000,000csk）的粘度。
在一个实施例中，所述个人护理组合物是不透明的。所述个人护理组合物包含粒度为约1μm至约50μm的非挥发性硅油，所述粒度在所述个人护理组合物中测量。在一个向毛发涂敷小颗粒硅氧烷的实施例中，所述个人护理组合物包含非挥发性硅油。如在所述个人护理组合物中所测得，所述硅油具有约100nm至约1μm的粒度。一个基本澄清的组合物实施例包含非挥发性硅油。如在所述个人护理组合物中所测得，所述硅油具有小于约100nm的粒度。
该组合物的透明度是用紫外/可见（UV/VIS）分光光度测定法来测量的，其测定了样本对UV/VIS光的吸收或透射。600nm的光波长足以表征化妆品组合物的透明度。通常，最好遵循所用具体分光光度计相关的具体使用说明。通常，用于测定透射百分比的过程从将分光光度计设定为600nm开始。然后，运行校准“空白”，将示值读数校准至100%透射率。然后将测试样本放置在设计成能适合该具体分光光度计的比色皿中，并且在600nm处用分光光度计测量透射百分比。
适合用于组合物中的非挥发性硅油可选自有机改性的硅氧烷和氟改性的硅氧烷。在一个实施例中，所述非挥发性硅油为包含有机基团的有机改性硅氧烷，所述有机基团选自由下列组成的组：烷基、链烯基、羟基、胺基、季胺基、羧基、脂肪酸基、醚基、酯基、巯基、硫酸根基团、磺酸根基团、磷酸根基团、环氧丙烷基和环氧乙烷基。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述非挥发性硅油为聚二甲基硅氧烷。
包括论述硅氧烷液体、硅橡胶纯胶料和硅氧烷树脂以及硅氧烷制备部分的有关硅氧烷的背景资料可参见“Encyclopedia of Polymer Science andEngineering”，第15卷，第二版，第204-308页，John Wiley & Sons，Inc.(1989)。
适合用于所述个人护理组合物中的有机硅液公开于美国专利2,826,551、美国专利3,964,500、美国专利4,364,837、英国专利849,433和“Silicon Compounds”，Petrarch Systems，Inc.(1984)。
附加组分
所述个人护理组合物还可包含一种或多种已知用于护发或个人护理产品的附加组分，前提条件是该附加组分与本文所述基本组分物理和化学地相容，或不会不适当地损害产品的稳定性、美观性或性能。上述附加组分的单独浓度按所述个人护理组合物的重量计在约0.001%至约10%的范围内。
可用于组合物中的附加组分的非限制性实例包括天然的阳离子沉积聚合物、合成的阳离子沉积聚合物、去头皮屑剂、颗粒、悬浮剂、石蜡烃、推进剂、粘度调节剂、染料、非挥发性溶剂或稀释剂（水溶性和水不溶性的）、珠光助剂、促泡剂、附加的表面活性剂或非离子助表面活性剂、灭虱剂、pH调节剂、香料、防腐剂、螯合剂、蛋白质、皮肤活性剂、防晒剂、紫外线吸收剂和维生素。
一价盐或二价盐
所述个人护理组合物还可包含一价盐或二价盐，其可充当熵源以促进凝聚层形成。盐可使聚合物和表面活性剂之间发生更多的接触，这可增加凝聚层的形成。如本文所用，术语“凝聚层引发剂”是指当与包含阴离子去污表面活性剂组分表面活性剂体系和合成阳离子聚合物的组合物组合时能够引发凝聚层形成的盐。
在本发明的盐定义中，没有包括表面活性剂盐本身，却包括了其它的盐。适宜的盐包含氯化物、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐和卤化物。上述盐的抗衡离子可以为但不限于钠、钾、铵、镁、锌或其它一价和二价阳离子。最优选用于本发明组合物中的盐包括氯化钠、氯化铵、柠檬酸钠、氯化镁和硫酸镁。可认识到，除充当凝聚层引发剂的作用以外，这些盐还可用作增稠助剂或缓冲助剂。包含盐和/或可选表面活性剂的凝聚层引发剂的量随表面活性剂和聚合物的类型而变化，但优选含量为约0.01%至约5%，更优选约0.05%至约3.5%，还更优选约0.1%至约2%。
用于测量泡沫体积的方法
本文所公开的个人护理组合物产生泡沫的电位通过SITA MesstechnikGmbH(Germany)制造的SITA泡沫测试仪（型号：R-2000）测量。所述SITA泡沫测试仪R-2000利用确定泡沫产生几何形状的专利转子。所述转子将气泡以机械方式插入到液体中。所述泡沫体积通过扫描泡沫表面的传感器针阵列来测量。使用传感器针阵列可精确测量泡沫体积，甚至是不平顺的泡沫表面。所述输出作为每次测量泡沫高度的平均毫米给出。泡沫高度测量每隔10秒测定。所述搅拌和搅拌时间是指SITA程序中的输入。SITA程序搅拌10秒后测量，然后再次搅拌10秒后测量-总计12次（间隔10秒搅拌12次）。如本文所用，搅拌计数是指一次试验中搅拌间隔总计数目。已发现，40秒测量，第四次总测量，尤其与用户使用经验有关。在40秒测量，至少约50毫米的泡沫高度是尤其期望的，甚至更优选至少100毫米的泡沫高度。测量这些值，以下列要求依照标准制造商的方法操作设备：
仪器设置/量度参数：
水体积(mL) 300
混合转子速度(rpm) 1000
搅拌计数 12
搅拌时间(秒) 10
水/产品/污垢负荷：
38℃(100℉)下7砂目硬度300gm
0.5mL测试产品（净化组合物）
0.05mL初榨橄榄油，冻榨特纯橄榄油（模拟皮脂）
上述物质可先于注入SITA装置预混或以水定量，测试产品和油可注入SITA容器顶部或通过注射孔注入。
制备方法
所述个人护理组合物可如下制备：在室温或高温下（如约72℃）将各组分一起混合。仅在组合物中掺有固体成分的情况下才需使用加热。在成批加工的温度下将成分混合。可在室温下，将包括电解质、聚合物、芳香剂和颗粒在内的其它成分加入到产品中。
非限制性实例
如下实例中说明的组合物描述了本发明组合物的具体实施例，但并不旨在对其进行限定。在不背离本发明精神和范围的条件下，技术人员可以对其进行修改。本发明组合物的这些示例性实施例向毛发和/或皮肤提供了增强的调理剂沉积。
下面实例中图示说明的组合物通过常规制剂和混合方法制备，上面已描述了其中的一个实例。除非另外指明，所有示例的量以重量百分比列出，除了微量组分以外，如稀释剂、防腐剂、有色溶液、假想成分、植物药物等。
以下是本发明个人护理发明组合物的代表：
Figure BDA0000381691740000161
Figure BDA0000381691740000171
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=1,000,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=5
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=400,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=50
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵，供应商：P&G
十二烷基硫酸铵，供应商：P&G
Tegobetaine F-B，供应商：Goldschmidt Chemicals
Promidium2，供应商为Unichema
氯化钠USP（食品级），供应商为Morton
二甲苯磺酸钠，供应商：Stepan
Figure BDA0000381691740000181
Figure BDA0000381691740000191
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=1,000,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=5
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=400,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=50
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
Dow Corning硅氧烷微乳DC2-1870；分散相粘度=72,000；30nm粒度的聚二甲基硅氧烷醇，使用TEA十二烷基苯磺酸盐和月桂基聚氧乙烯醚23作为主要表面活性剂Dow Corning2-1865；内部相粘度=25Pa/s（25,000cps）；25nm粒度的聚二甲基硅氧烷醇，使用TEA十二烷基苯磺酸盐和月桂基聚氧乙烯醚23作为主要表面活性剂
Miranol C2M Conc NP，供应商：Rhodia
Tegobetaine F-B，供应商：Goldschmidt Chemicals
Promidium2，供应商为Unichema
Monamid CMA，供应商为Goldschmidt Chemical
氯化钠USP（食品级），供应商为Morton。
Figure BDA0000381691740000192
Figure BDA0000381691740000201
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=1,000,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=5
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=400,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=50
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵，供应商：P&G
十二烷基硫酸铵，供应商：P&G
Dow Corning聚二甲基硅氧烷乳液DC-1664；3微米粒度
Miranol C2M Conc NP，供应商：Rhodia。
Tegobetaine F-B，供应商：Goldschmidt Chemicals
Promidium2，供应商为Unichema
乙二醇二硬脂酸酯，EGDS纯度，供应商为GoldschmidtChemical
氯化钠USP（食品级），供应商为Morton。
Figure BDA0000381691740000221
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=1,000,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=5
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=400,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=50
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵，供应商：P&G
十二烷基硫酸铵，供应商：P&G
聚二甲基硅氧烷流体，Viscasil330M；30微米粒度；供应商：General Electric Silicones
Tegobetaine F-B，供应商：Goldschmidt Chemicals
Monamid CMA，供应商为Goldschmidt Chemical
乙二醇二硬脂酸酯，EGDS纯度，供应商为GoldschmidtChemical
氯化钠USP（食品级），供应商为Morton。
Figure BDA0000381691740000231
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=1,000,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=5
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=400,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=50
聚季胺盐10聚合物，MW=2.0mM，并且电荷密度=0.7
UCare聚合物JR30M，MW=2.0MM，电荷密度=1.32meq/g，供应商为Dow Chemicals
UCare聚合物KG30M，MW=2.0MM，电荷密度=1.96meq/g，供应商为Dow Chemicals
Jaguar Excel，供应商：Rhodia。
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
Dow Corning硅氧烷微乳DC2-1870；分散相粘度=72,000；30nm粒度的聚二甲基硅氧烷醇，使用TEA十二烷基苯磺酸盐和月桂基聚氧乙烯醚23作为主要表面活性剂
Dow Corning DC2-1865batch#19238-8；内部相粘度=25Pa/s（25,000cps）；25nm粒度的聚二甲基硅氧烷醇，使用TEA十二烷基苯磺酸盐和月桂基聚氧乙烯醚23作为主要表面活性剂
Tegobetaine F-B，供应商：Goldschmidt Chemicals
Promidium2，供应商为Unichema
氯化钠USP（食品级），供应商为Morton。
Figure BDA0000381691740000241
Figure BDA0000381691740000251
Figure BDA0000381691740000261
丙烯酰胺的共聚物(AM)和三季铵，分子量=400,000；CD=1.6meq/g；AM:三季铵比率=50
月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
月桂基硫酸钠，供应商：P&G
氨基硅氧烷；供应商为General Electric；末端氨丙基取代，粘度为350,000，
D1600，M’=2，粒度为3μm
DC2-8194氨基硅氧烷；供应商为Dow Corning，粒度为约30nm
Cromollient SCE，供应商：Croda
1-氧-2-巯基吡啶锌，供应商：Arch Chemicals
Tegobetaine F-B，供应商：Goldschmidt Chemical
Sipernat22LS，供应商：Degussa
MSS-500/H，供应商：General Electric Silicones
MSS-500/N，供应商：General Electric Silicones
Syloid244FP二氧化硅，供应商：Grace Davison
Tospearl240，供应商：General Electric Silicones
Tospearl3120，供应商：General Electric Silicones
Promidium2，供应商为Unichema
乙二醇二硬脂酸酯，EGDS纯度，供应商为GoldschmidtChemical
氯化钠USP（食品级），供应商为Morton。
本文所公开的尺寸和数值不应理解为严格局限于所引用的精确数值。相反，除非另外指明，每个这样的尺寸是指所引用数值和围绕那个数值的函数等效范围。例如，公开为“40mm”的尺寸是指“约40mm”。
本文所有引用的文献的相关部分均以引用的方式并入本文。任何文献的引用都不可解释为是对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。如果本书面文献中术语的任何含义或定义与引入本文以供参考的文献中的术语的任何含义或定义冲突，则以赋予本书面文献中的术语的含义或定义为准。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明，但对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是，在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下可作出许多其它的变化和修改。因此，有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。

Claims (12)

1.一种个人护理组合物，所述组合物包含：
a)具有净正电荷的合成随机共聚物，其包含：
i)下式的非离子单体单元：
Figure FDA0000381691730000011
其中R为H或C1-4烷基；并且R1和R2独立地选自由下列组成的组：H、C1-4烷基、CH2OCH3、CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、和苯基，或一起为C3-6环烷基；和
ii)具有下式的两个或更多个正电荷的阳离子单体单元：
Figure FDA0000381691730000012
其中k=1，v、v'和v''各自独立地为1至6的整数，w为零或1至10的整数，并且X-为阴离子；
和；
b)去污表面活性剂；和
c)含水载体。
2.如权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物，其中所述非离子单体单元的R、R1和R2为H，并且进一步地其中在所述阳离子单体单元中v=0并且w=1。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的个人护理组合物，其中所述去污表面活性剂包含至少一种具有乙氧基化物含量和阴离子含量的阴离子表面活性剂；
a)其中所述乙氧基化物含量为约1至约10，并且
b)其中所述阴离子含量为约1至约10。
4.如前述任一项权利要求所述的个人护理组合物，其中所述去污表面活性剂选自由下列组成的组：硫酸盐、磺酸盐、磺基琥珀酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、羧酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸盐、两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂以及它们的混合物。
5.如前述任一项权利要求所述的个人护理组合物，其中泡沫体积在40秒测量为约50ml至约500ml。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的个人护理组合物，其中所述合成随机共聚物的含量按所述个人护理组合物的重量计为约0.01%至约5%。
7.如前述任一项权利要求所述的个人护理组合物，其中所述合成随机共聚物具有至少约2meq/A至约500meq/A的线性电荷密度。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的个人护理组合物，所述组合物还包含阳离子瓜耳胶、阳离子纤维素聚合物、或阳离子改性淀粉聚合物。
9.如前述任一项权利要求所述的个人护理组合物，所述组合物还包含至少一种附加的调理剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的个人护理组合物，其中所述附加的调理剂选自由下列组成的组：硅氧烷调理剂、烃油、聚烯烃、脂肪醇、脂肪族酯、以及它们的混合物。
11.如权利要求10所述的个人护理组合物，其中所述硅氧烷调理剂具有小于或等于约50μm的粒度。
12.如前述任一项权利要求所述的个人护理组合物，所述组合物还包含一种或多种选自由下列组成的组的附加组分：去头皮屑活性物质、颗粒、遮光剂、悬浮剂、石蜡烃、推进剂、以及一价或二价盐。
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