CN103153965B - 喹喔啉衍生物 - Google Patents
喹喔啉衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103153965B CN103153965B CN201180050618.3A CN201180050618A CN103153965B CN 103153965 B CN103153965 B CN 103153965B CN 201180050618 A CN201180050618 A CN 201180050618A CN 103153965 B CN103153965 B CN 103153965B
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Abstract
式I化合物是PI3K抑制剂,且尤其可以用于治疗自身免疫疾病、炎症、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病和肿瘤以及其它病症,其中R、R1和R2具有在权利要求1中指出的含义。
Description
背景技术
本发明所基于的目的是,发现具有有价值的性质的新化合物,特别是可用于制备药剂的那些。
本发明涉及用于调节、特别是用于抑制磷酸肌醇-3′-OH激酶家族(下文称为PI3激酶)、有利地是PI3Kα、PI3Kδ、PI3Kβ和/或PI3Kγ的活性或功能的化合物及其用途。本发明有利地涉及喹喔啉衍生物在治疗一种或多种选自如下的疾病状态中的用途:自身免疫紊乱、炎性疾病、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病、变态反应、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子能动性、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺损伤。
细胞膜提供了第二信使的巨大贮库,这些第二信使可以参与各种信号传导途径。关于效应器酶在磷脂信号途径中的功能和调节,这些酶从膜磷脂库中产生第二信使。I类的PI3激酶(例如PI3Kα)是双特异性激酶,即,它们既显示出脂激酶活性(磷酸肌醇的磷酸化)又显示出蛋白激酶活性,这表明它们能够使蛋白质作为底物进行磷酸化、包括作为分子内调节机制进行自磷酸化。磷脂信号作用的这些酶被各种细胞外信号如生长因子、有丝分裂原、整联蛋白(细胞-细胞相互作用)、激素、细胞因子、病毒和神经递质所激活,如以下路线图I中所描述的那样,并且还通过细胞内调节被其它信号作用分子(交互作用(Cross-Talk),其中原始信号可以激活一些平行途径,在第二步中它们通过细胞内信号传导事件将信号传递给PI3K)、例如小GTP酶、激酶或磷酸酶所激活。还可以由于细胞癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因表达异常或表达缺少而发生细胞内调节。细胞内肌醇磷脂(磷酸肌醇)信号传导途径开始于信号传导分子的激活(细胞外配体、刺激物、受体二聚化、被异源受体(例如受体酪氨酸激酶)反式激活)以及开始于PI3K的募集和激活,包括整合到质膜中的G蛋白连接的跨膜受体的参与。
PI3K使膜磷脂PI(4,5)P2转化为PI(3,4,5)P3,后者作为第二信使发挥作用。PI和PI(4)P同样是PI3K的底物,并且它们可以被磷酸化并且分别转化为PI3P和PI(3,4)P2。此外,这些磷酸肌醇还可以被5′-特异性和3′-特异性磷酸酶转化为其它磷酸肌醇,因此PI3K酶活性直接或间接产生了两种3′-磷酸肌醇亚型,这两种亚型在细胞内信号传导途径中作为第二信使发挥作用(Vanhaesebroeck等人, Trends Biochem. Sci.
22(7) 第267-72页(1997); Leslie等人(2001), Chem. Rev. 101(8) 第2365-80页(2001);Katso等人, Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev.
Biol. 第17页, 615-75 (2001) , 和Toker等人, Cell. MoI. Life Sci.
59(5) 第761-79页(2002))。根据其催化亚基、其通过相应的调节亚基进行的调节、表达模式和信号特异性功能进行分类的多种PI3K同工型(p110α、β、δ和γ)进行该酶反应(Vanhaesebroeck和Katso等人, 2001, Exp. Cell. Res.
25 (1) 第239-54页(1999),参见上面)。
密切相关的同工型p110α和β是遍在表达的,而δ和γ更特异地在造血细胞系统中、在平滑肌细胞、肌细胞和内皮细胞中表达(Vanhaesebroeck等人,Trends Biochem. Sci. 22(7)
第267-72页(1997))。它们的表达还可以以可诱导的方式根据细胞组织类型和刺激物以及根据各种疾病而进行调节。蛋白质表达的可诱导性包括蛋白质合成以及蛋白质稳定,这可通过与调节亚基结合而部分地进行调节。
迄今为止,已经鉴别了8种哺乳动物的PI3K,基于序列同源性、结构、结合配偶体、激活模式和底物偏爱性将其分成3个主类(I、II和III)。在体外,I类PI3K能够使磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、磷脂酰肌醇-4-磷酸(PI4P)和磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸(PI(4,5)P2)磷酸化,以至于得到磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸(PI3P)、磷脂酰肌醇-3,4-二磷酸(PI(3,4)P2和磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸(PI(3,4,5)P3。II类PI3K使PI和磷脂酰肌醇-4-磷酸磷酸化。III类PI3K仅可以使PI磷酸化(Vanhaesebroeck等人, 1997, 参见上面; Vanhaesebroeck等人, 1999, 参见上面,和Leslie等人, 2001, 参见上面)。
路线图 I:PI(4,5)P2向PIP3的转化
如以上路线图I中说明的那样,磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)使肌醇环上第三个碳原子的羟基磷酸化。将PtdIns转化为3,4,5-三磷酸(PtdIns(3,4,5)P3)、PtdIns(3,4)P2和PtdIns(3)P的磷酸肌醇的磷酸化产生了各种信号传导途径的第二信使,这些途径尤其是以下方面所必需的:细胞增殖、细胞分化、细胞生长、细胞尺寸、细胞存活、细胞凋亡、粘附、细胞运动、细胞迁移、趋化性、侵入、细胞骨架重排、细胞形状改变、囊泡运输和代谢途径(Katso等人, 2001, 参见上面,和Stein, Mol. Med. Today
6(9) 第347-57页(2000))。G蛋白偶联受体通过小GTP酶如Gβγ和Ras来介导磷酸肌醇-3′-OH激酶激活,并因此PI3K信号传导在细胞极性的发展和协调以及细胞骨架的动态组建(它们共同提供了细胞运动的驱动力)中发挥核心作用。
趋化性——细胞在化学引诱剂(它们还被称为趋化因子)的浓度梯度方向的定向运动,还参与许多重要的疾病,如炎症/自身免疫性、神经变性、血管生成、侵袭/转移和创伤愈合(Wyman等人, Immunol. Today 21(6) 第260-4页(2000); Hirsch等人, Science 287(5455) 第1049-53页(2000) ; Hirsch等人, FASEB J. 15(11) 第2019-21页(2001),和Gerard等人, Nat. Immunol. 2(2) 第108-15页(2001))。
使用遗传方法和药理学工具的进展已经洞察到可对通过化学引诱剂激活的G蛋白偶联感受器产生响应而促进趋化性的信号传导途径和分子途径。负责产生这些磷酸化的信号传导产物的PI3激酶最初被鉴别为具有与病毒癌蛋白和生长因子酪氨酸激酶(它们使磷脂酰肌醇(PI)及其磷酸化的衍生物在肌醇环的3′-羟基处磷酸化)有关的活性(Panayotou等人,Trends Cell Biol.2第358-60页(1992))。但是,更新近的生物化学研究已经表明I类PI3激酶(例如IB类同工型PI3Kγ)是双特异性激酶,这意味着它们既具有脂激酶活性又具有蛋白激酶活性,由此表明它们能够使其它蛋白质作为底物进行磷酸化以及作为分子内调节机制进行自磷酸化。
因此,PI3激酶激活可能参与各种细胞响应,包括细胞生长、分化和细胞凋亡(Parker等人, Current Biology, 5第577-99页(1995);Yao等人, Science, 267第2003-05页(1995))。PI3激酶表现出可参与白细胞激活的许多方面。与p85相关的PI3激酶活性已经被证明与CD28的胞浆区物理性结合,CD28对通过抗原激活T细胞而言是重要的共刺激分子(Pages等人, Nature, 369第327-29页(1994);Rudd,Immunity 4第527-34页(1996))。通过CD28激活T细胞降低了通过抗原激活的阈值,并且增加增殖反应的幅度和持续时间。这些作用伴随许多基因、例如尤其是白细胞介素-2(IL2) (一种重要的T细胞生长因子)转录的增加而出现(Fraser等人, Science 251第313-16页(1991))。如果CD28以不再能与PI3激酶相互作用的方式进行突变,则IL-2产生的引发失败,这表明PI3激酶在T细胞激活中起关键作用。PI3Kγ已经被鉴别为JNK活性的G-β-γ-依赖性调节的物质,且G-β-γ是异源三聚体G蛋白的亚基(Lopez-Ilasaca等人, J. Biol. Chem. 273(5) 第2505-8页(1998))。PI3K在其中发挥重要作用的细胞过程包括细胞凋亡的抑制、肌动蛋白骨架的重建、心肌细胞生长、由胰岛素引起的糖原合成酶刺激、TNFα促进的嗜中性粒细胞引发和超氧化物产生以及白细胞迁移和与内皮细胞粘附。
Laffargue等人, Immunity 16(3) 第441-51页(2002)已经记载:PI3Kγ通过各种G(i)-偶联受体传递炎症信号,并且其对于肥大细胞功能、与白细胞有关的刺激和免疫学,包括细胞因子、趋化因子、腺苷、抗体、整联蛋白、凝集因子、生长因子、病毒或激素而言是至关重要的(Lawlor等人, J. Cell. Sci. 114(Pt 16)
第2903-10页(2001); Laffargue等人, 2002, 参见上面,和Stephens等人, Curr. Opinion Cell Biol.
14(2) 第203-13页(2002))。
特异性地对抗酶家族的个体成员的抑制剂为译解每种酶的功能提供了无价的工具。两种化合物,即LY294002和渥曼青霉素(见下)已经被广泛用作PI3激酶抑制剂。这些化合物是非特异性的PI3K抑制剂,因为它们不区分I类PI3激酶的4名成员。例如,渥曼青霉素对抗各种I类PI3激酶的每一种的IC50值均在1至10nM的范围。相应地,LY294002对抗这些PI3激酶的每一种的IC50值为约15至20 μM(Fruman等人, Ann. Rev. Biochem., 67, 第481-507页(1998)),此外,它对CK2蛋白激酶具有的IC50值为5- 10 μM,对磷脂酶具有轻微的抑制活性。渥曼青霉素是真菌代谢物,它通过与该酶的催化区共价键合而不可逆地抑制PI3K活性。PI3K活性被渥曼青霉素抑制消除了随后细胞对细胞外因子的响应。例如,嗜中性粒细胞通过刺激PI3K和合成PtdIns(3,4,5)P3而对趋化因子fMet-Leu-Phe(fMLP)产生响应。该合成与呼吸爆发的激活相关,后者参与破坏侵入微生物的嗜中性粒细胞。用渥曼青霉素处理嗜中性粒细胞阻止fMLP引起的呼吸爆发响应(Thelen等人, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 91, 第4960-64页(1994))。用渥曼青霉素进行的这些实验以及其它实验证据确实显示,在与伴随急性和慢性炎症而出现的许多非记忆免疫应答中涉及到造血谱系细胞、特别是嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞和其它类型白细胞中的PI3K活性。
基于用渥曼青霉素进行的研究有证明,PI3激酶功能也是通过G蛋白偶联受体进行的白细胞信号传导的一些方面所必需的(Thelen等人, 1994, 参见上面)。此外,还已经表明渥曼青霉素和LY294002阻断嗜中性粒细胞迁移和超氧化物释放。John M. Janusz等人在J. Med. Chem. 1998;第41卷,第18期中公开了抑制环加氧酶(Carboxygenase)的苯并呋喃衍生物。
现在熟知,癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因失调可例如通过增加细胞生长和增殖或增加细胞存活而促进恶性肿瘤形成。现在还知道,由PI3K家族促进的信号传导途径在许多细胞过程中,如尤其是在增殖和存活中发挥核心作用,这些途径的失调在广泛的人类癌症疾病谱和其它疾病中是致病因素(Katso等人, Annual Rev. Cell Dev.
Biol, 2001, 17: 615-617,和Foster等人, J. Cell Science. 2003, U6: 3037-3040)。
I类PI3K是由催化p110亚基和调节亚基组成的异源二聚体,且基于调节配偶体和调节机制,该家族被进一步分成Ia类和Ib类酶。Ia类酶由3种不同的催化亚基(p110α、p110β和p110δ)组成,这些催化亚基与5种不同的调节亚基(p85α、p55α、p50α、p85β和p55γ)二聚化,其中所有催化亚基能够与所有调节亚基相互作用而形成各种异源二聚体。Ia类PI3K通常响应于受体酪氨酸激酶的生长因子刺激而被激活,该激活是通过调节SH2区亚基与激活的受体或衔接蛋白如IRS-1的特异性磷酸酪氨酸残基相互作用而进行的。小GTP酶(例如ras)同样参与PI3K激活和受体酪氨酸激酶激活。p110α和p110β均组成性地在所有细胞类型中有参与,而p110δ表达更强烈限于白细胞群体和一些上皮细胞。与之不同,唯一的Ib类酶由催化p110γ亚基组成,该亚基与调节p101亚基相互作用。此外,该Ib类酶被G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)系统激活,并且其表达显示限于白细胞。
现在有清楚的证据表明Ia类PI3K酶直接或间接地导致了大量人类癌症疾病中的肿瘤发生(Vivanco和Sawyers, Nature Reviews
Cancer, 2002, 2, 489-501)。例如,p110α亚基在一些肿瘤中、例如在卵巢肿瘤(Shayesteh, 等人, Nature Genetics, 1999, 21: 99-102)和子宫颈(Ma等人, Oncogene, 2000, 19:2739-2744)中被扩增。近来,p110α(PIK3CA基因)中的激活突变已经与各种其它肿瘤,例如结肠-和乳腺-及肺肿瘤相关联(Samuels等人, Science, 2004, 304, 554)。在p85α中与肿瘤有关的突变同样已经在癌症疾病如卵巢-和结肠癌中被鉴别(Philp等人, Cancer Research, 2001,
61, 7426-7429)。除直接作用外,I类PI3K的激活还可能参与在信号传导途径上游发生的致瘤事件,例如借助于受体酪氨酸激酶、GPCR系统或整联蛋白的配体依赖性或配体非依赖性激活(Vara等人, Cancer Treatment
Reviews, 2004, 30, 193-204)。这类位于上游的信号传导途径的实例包括许多肿瘤中受体酪氨酸激酶Erb2的过表达(这导致PI3K促进的途径的激活) (Harari等人, Oncogene, 2000, Jj),6102-6114)和癌基因Ras的过表达(Kauffmann-Zeh等人, Nature, 1997, 385,
544-548)。此外,Ia类PI3K可以间接地促进通过各种位于下游的信号传导事件造成的肿瘤发生。例如,催化PI(3,4,5,)P3反向转化为PI(4,5)P2的PTEN肿瘤抑制基因磷酸酶的功能缺失通过PI3K促进的PI(3,4,5)P3产生的失调而与非常广泛范围的肿瘤相关联(Simpson和Parsons, Exp. Cell Res.,
2001, 264, 29-41)。此外,其它PI3K促进的信号传导事件的作用增强可能例如通过AKT激活而导致许多癌症疾病(Nicholson和Andeson, Cellular Signaling,
2002, 14, 381-395)。
除了在肿瘤细胞中促进增殖信号传导作用和存活信号传导中的作用外,有良好的证据表明I类PI3K酶还通过其在与肿瘤有关的基质细胞中的功能而导致肿瘤发生。已知PI3K信号传导在促进内皮细胞中响应于促血管生成因子(proangiogenic Factoren)如VEGF而发生的血管生成事件中发挥重要作用(abid等人, Arterioscler. Thromb.
Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24, 294-300)。因为I类PI3K酶还参与运动和迁移(Sawyer, Expert Opinion
investing. Drugs, 2004, 13, 1-19),所以认为PI3K抑制剂通过抑制肿瘤细胞侵入和转移来提供治疗用途。
因此,合成特异性地抑制、调节和/或调控PI3激酶信号传导的小化合物是所希望的并且是本发明的目的。
已经发现,根据本发明的化合物及其盐具有非常有价值的药理学性质,同时具有良好的耐受性。
已经发现,根据本发明的化合物是磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)的抑制剂。如果磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)被根据本发明的化合物抑制,则PI3K不能发挥其酶、生物学和/或药理学作用。因此,根据本发明的化合物适合于治疗自身免疫性疾病、炎性疾病、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病、变态反应、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子能动性、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺损伤。
式(I)化合物特别适合作为用于治疗自身免疫性疾病、炎性疾病、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病、变态反应、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子能动性、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺损伤的药剂。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,式(I)化合物是一种或多种磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)的抑制剂,相宜的是磷酸肌醇-3-激酶γ(PI3Kγ)、磷酸肌醇-3-激酶α(PI3Kα)、磷酸肌醇-3-激酶β(PI3Kβ)和/或磷酸肌醇-3-激酶δ(PI3Kδ)的抑制剂。
式(I)化合物适合用于调控、特别是用于抑制磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、相宜的是磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3Kα)的活性。因此,根据本发明的化合物还适合于治疗由PI3K促进的紊乱。所述治疗包括磷酸肌醇-3- 激酶的调控-特别是抑制或向下调节。
根据本发明的化合物优选用于制备用于治疗选自如下的紊乱的药剂:多发性硬化症、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病、肺炎症、血栓形成或者脑感染或-炎症如脑膜炎或脑炎、阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、ZNS创伤、中风或缺血状态、心血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化、心脏肥大、心肌细胞功能障碍、高血压或血管收缩。
式(I)化合物优选适合用于治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病,如多发性硬化症、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病、肺炎症、血栓形成或者脑感染或-炎症,如脑膜炎或脑炎。
式(I)化合物优选适合用于治疗神经变性疾病,如尤其是多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、ZNS创伤、中风或缺血状态。
式(I)化合物优选适合用于治疗心血管疾病,如动脉粥样硬化、心脏肥大、心肌细胞功能障碍、高血压或血管收缩。
式(I)化合物优选适合用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病、过敏性休克导致的纤维变性(Fibrose nach
anaphylaktischem Schock)、银屑病、变应性疾病、哮喘、中风、缺血状态、缺血-再灌注、血小板聚集或激活、骨骼肌萎缩或-肥大、癌组织中的白细胞募集、血管生成、侵入转移,特别是黑素瘤、卡波西肉瘤、急性和慢性细菌-和病毒感染、脓毒病、移植排斥、移植物排斥、肾小球硬化症、肾小球肾炎、进行性肾纤维变性、肺中的内皮和上皮损伤以及肺中的呼吸道炎症。
因为本发明的药物活性化合物作为PI3激酶抑制剂是有活性的,特别是选择性地抑制pI3Kα或者抑制pI3Kα连同PI3Kδ、PI3Kβ和/或PI3Kγ中的一种或多种的化合物,所以它们在癌症治疗中具有治疗功效。
本发明优选涉及用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗癌症的方法,其中所述癌症选自:脑癌(神经胶质瘤)、成胶质细胞瘤、白血病、Bannayan-Zonana综合症、考登病、小脑皮质弥漫性神经节细胞瘤(Lhermitte-Duclos-Krankheit)、乳腺癌、炎性乳腺癌、维尔姆斯肿瘤、尤因肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、结肠癌、头颈癌、肾癌、肺癌、肝癌、黑素瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、骨和甲状腺巨细胞肿瘤。
本发明优选涉及用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗癌症的方法,其中所述癌症选自:成淋巴细胞T-细胞白血病、慢性髓性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、多毛细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓性白血病、慢性中性粒细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞T-细胞白血病、浆细胞瘤、免疫母细胞大细胞白血病、套细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、成巨核细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、急性巨核细胞白血病、早幼粒细胞白血病和红白血病。
本发明优选涉及用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗癌症的方法,其中所述癌症选自:恶性淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、成淋巴细胞T- 细胞淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤和滤泡型淋巴瘤。
本发明优选涉及用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗癌症的方法,其中所述癌症选自:成神经细胞瘤、膀胱癌、膀胱上皮癌、肺癌、外阴癌、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、间皮瘤、食管癌、唾液腺癌、肝细胞癌、肠癌、鼻咽癌、颊癌(bukkalem Krebs)、口腔癌、GIST(胃肠道间质瘤)和睾丸癌。
此外,可使用式I的化合物,以在某些现有癌症化疗法中提供附加或协同效应,和/或可为恢复某些现有癌症化疗法和-放射疗法的效力而使用式I的化合物。
此外,式I化合物可以用于分离和用于研究PI3激酶的活性或表达。此外,它们还特别适合用于与PI3激酶活性失调或紊乱有关的疾病的诊断方法。
可以证明,根据本发明的化合物在异种移植物肿瘤模型中具有体内抗增殖作用。给具有过度增殖性疾病的患者施用根据本发明的化合物,例如用于抑制肿瘤生长、用于减轻伴随淋巴组织增殖性疾病而出现的炎症、用于抑制因组织修复导致的移植排斥或神经学损伤等。本发明的化合物适合于预防或治疗目的。如本文所用的术语“治疗”用于指预防疾病和治疗在先存在的病症。通过在产生显性疾病之前施用根据本发明的化合物例如以阻止肿瘤生长、阻止转移性生长、减少随心血管手术而出现的再狭窄等实现增殖的预防。或者,将该化合物用于通过稳定或改善患者的临床症状来治疗持续性疾病。
宿主或患者可以属于任何哺乳动物物种,例如灵长类动物,特别是人类;啮齿动物,包括小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠;兔子;马、牛、狗、猫等。动物模型对实验研究有意义,其中它们为人类疾病的治疗提供模型。
可通过在体外的试验确定特定细胞对用根据本发明的化合物处理的易感性。通常,将细胞培养物与不同浓度的本发明的化合物合并一段时间,该时间足以允许活性剂诱导细胞死亡或抑制迁移,通常在约1小时至1周之间。可以使用来自活检样品的培养细胞进行体外测试。然后对处理后剩余的活细胞进行计数。
剂量随所用的具体化合物、具体的疾病、患者状况等而不同。治疗剂量通常足以显著减少靶组织中不希望的细胞群体,同时维持患者的生存力。通常持续进行治疗直到存在相当大的细胞负载的减少,例如,至少约50%的细胞负载的减少,并且可持续治疗直到机体中基本上不再检测到不希望的细胞。
为了鉴别信号传导途径和为了检测不同信号传导途径之间的相互作用,不同的科学家已经开发了适宜的模型或模型系统,例如细胞培养物模型(例如Khwaja等人, EMBO, 1997, 16, 2783-93)和转基因动物模型(例如White等人, Oncogene, 2001, 20,
7064-7072)。为了确定信号传导级联中的某些阶段,可以使用相互作用的化合物以调控信号(例如Stephens等人, Biochemical J., 2000,
351, 95-105)。也可以将根据本发明的化合物用作在动物和/或细胞培养物模型中或在本申请所提及的临床疾病中测试激酶依赖性信号传导途径的试剂。
测定激酶活性是本领域技术人员熟知的技术。在文献(例如Campos-González, R.和Glenney, Jr., J.R. 1992,
J. Biol. Chem. 267, 第14535页)中描述了使用底物如组蛋白(例如Alessi等人, FEBS Lett.1996, 399, 3, 第333-338页)或碱性髓鞘蛋白用于测定激酶活性的通用试验系统。
为了鉴别激酶抑制剂,可利用各种测定系统。在亲近闪烁分析法(Sorg等人, J. of Biomolecular Screening, 2002,
7, 11-19)和闪板测定法中,使用γATP测定了作为底物的蛋白质或肽的放射性磷酸化。在抑制性化合物的存在下,不可检测到放射性信号或可检测到放射性信号减少。此外,可利用均匀时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(HTR-FRET)和荧光偏振(FP)技术作为测定方法(Sills等人, J. of Biomolecular
Screening, 2002, 191-214)。
其它非放射性ELISA测定方法使用特异性磷酸-抗体(磷酸-AB)。磷酸-AB仅结合磷酸化的底物。可以使用第二过氧化物酶结合的抗绵羊抗体通过化学发光来检测这种结合(Ross等人, 2002, Biochem. J.)。
现有技术
在WO 2007/023186A1中公开了吡嗪衍生物及其作为PI3K抑制剂的用途。
在WO 2009/039140A1中记载了作为PI3激酶抑制剂的吡啶并嘧啶。
在WO 2008/127594中公开了作为PI3K抑制剂的其它喹喔啉衍生物。
另一方面,在WO 2008/101979 A1中描述了用于治疗自身免疫疾病、炎症或癌症的另外的喹喔啉衍生物。与在WO 2008/101979中公开的其它喹喔啉衍生物相比,根据本发明的化合物具有提高的对PI3激酶的抑制性质(表1)。
在WO 2008/021389 A2中公开了用于与癌症斗争的其它喹喔啉衍生物。
在WO 2007/044729 A2中公开了用于与癌症斗争的其它喹喔啉衍生物。
发明内容
本发明涉及式I化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括它们的所有比例的混合物
其中
R表示H、Hal或A,
R1表示Het1、Ar1、A、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、(CH2)pCN或(CH2)pSO2A,
R2表示Ar2或Het2,
Het1表示具有1至4个N-、O-和/或S-原子的单-或双环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,所述杂环可以是未被取代的,或者被下述取代基单取代、二取代或三取代:A、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、CF2NH2、CF2NHA、CF2NA2、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2、CN、=O、Hal、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA、COOH、COOA、O(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nOA、O(CH2)nNH2、NH(CH2)nNH2、SO2A和/或SO2NH2,
Ar1表示苯基、萘基或联苯基,其未被取代或者被下述取代基单取代、二取代或三取代:CN、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、NHCOOA、NHCOA、Hal、COOH、COOA、COHet3、A、NHSO2A、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NA2和/或SO2A,
Ar2表示
A'表示具有1-4个C原子的直链或支链烷基,
其中1-5个H原子可以被F替代,
Het2表示具有1至4个N-和/或O-和/或S-原子的单或双环不饱和或芳族杂环,所述杂环被OCH3取代,且可以另外被R4取代,
R3表示Hal、(CH2)nHet3、O(CH2)nHet3或具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替代,和/或其中1、2或3个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O、NH、NA'、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替代,
R4表示(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2或具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替代,和/或其中1、2或3个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O、NH、NA'、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替代,
Het3表示具有1-4个N-、O-和/或S-原子的单环饱和杂环,其可以是未被取代的,或者被A、Hal和/或=O单取代或二取代,
A表示具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,
其中1-7个H原子可以被F和/或Cl替代,
或者
具有3-7个C原子的环烷基,
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I,
p表示1、2、3、4、5或6,
n表示0、1、2、3或4。
还将式I化合物理解为这些化合物的水合物和溶剂合物还有可药用的衍生物。
本发明还涉及这些化合物的旋光活性形式(立体异构体)、对映体、外消旋物、非对映体以及水合物和溶剂合物。将该化合物的溶剂合物理解为由于它们的相互吸引力而形成的在该化合物上的惰性溶剂的加合。溶剂合物是例如单-或二水合物或醇合物。
可药用衍生物意指例如根据本发明的化合物的盐以及所谓的前药化合物。
前药衍生物用于指利用例如烷基或酰基、糖或寡肽修饰的并且在生物体内快速裂解成本发明的有效化合物的式I化合物。
它们还包括本发明的化合物的生物可降解的聚合物衍生物,例如在Int. J. Pharm. 115, 61-67
(1995)中所述。
术语“有效量”表示在组织、系统、动物或人类中造成例如研究人员或医生追求或想要的生物或医疗应答的药剂或药物活性成分的量。
此外,表述“治疗有效量”表示与相应的未接受该量的个体相比具有如下结果的量:改进的治疗、愈合,预防或消除疾病、病征、疾病情况、不适、紊乱或副作用或减轻疾病、不适或紊乱的发展。
术语“治疗有效量”还包括有效增加正常生理功能的量。
本发明还涉及式I化合物的混合物、例如两种非对映异构体的混合物、例如比例为1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:10、1:100或1:1000的两种非对映异构体的混合物的用途。这些特别优选是立体异构体化合物的混合物。
本发明涉及式I化合物及其盐和用于制备式I化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体的方法,其特征在于,
使式II化合物,
其中
R和R1具有在权利要求1中指出的含义,
且L表示Cl、Br、I或游离的或反应性官能改性的OH基团,
与式III化合物反应
其中
R2具有在权利要求1中指出的含义,
和/或
将式I的碱或酸转化为其盐之一。
除非另有明确说明,否则在上下文中的残基R、R1和R2具有针对式I所示的含义。
缩写:
DCM = 二氯甲烷
DMA = 二甲基乙酰胺
DMF = 二甲基甲酰胺
EE =乙酸乙酯
PE = 石油醚
RT = 室温
TFA =三氟醋酸。
A表示烷基,是非支链(直链)或支链的,且具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个C原子。A优选地表示甲基,还有乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,此外还有戊基,1-、2-或3-甲基丁基,1,1-、1,2-或2,2-二甲基丙基,1-乙基丙基,己基,1-、2-、3-或4-甲基戊基、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-、2,2-、2,3-或3,3-二甲基丁基,1-或2-乙基丁基,1-乙基-1-甲基丙基,1-乙基-2-甲基丙基,1,1,2-或1,2,2-三甲基丙基,此外还优选例如三氟甲基。
A非常特别优选地表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6个C原子的烷基,优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基或1,1,1-三氟乙基。
环状烷基(环烷基)优选地表示环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基。
A'表示烷基,是非支链(直链)或支链的,且具有1、2、3或4个C原子。
R优选地表示H。
Ar1表示,例如,苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-丙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-异丙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-叔-丁基苯基,邻-、间-或对-羟基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氨基苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N-甲基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N-甲基氨基羰基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙酰氨基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲氧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙氧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙氧基羰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N,N-二甲基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N-乙基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(N,N-二乙基氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-氟苯基,邻-、间-或对-溴苯基,邻-、间-或对- 氯苯基,邻-、间-或对-(甲基磺酰氨基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-(甲磺酰基)苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲基硫烷基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-羧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲氧基羰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氨基磺酰基苯基,进一步优选2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氟苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氯苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二溴苯基,2,4-或2,5-二硝基苯基,2,5-或3,4-二甲氧基苯基,3-硝基-4-氯苯基,3-氨基-4-氯苯基,2-氨基-3-氯苯基,2-氨基-4-氯苯基,2-氨基-5-氯苯基或2-氨基-6-氯苯基,2-硝基-4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基或3-硝基-4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基,2,3-二氨基苯基,2,3,4-、2,3,5-、2,3,6-、2,4,6-或3,4,5-三氯苯基,2,4,6-三甲氧基苯基,2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基,对-碘苯基,3,6-二氯-4-氨基苯基,4-氟-3-氯苯基,2-氟-4-溴苯基,2,5-二氟-4-溴苯基,3-溴-6-甲氧基苯基,3-氯-6-甲氧基苯基,3-氯-4-乙酰氨基苯基,3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基,3-氨基-6-甲基苯基,3-氯-4-乙酰氨基苯基或2,5-二甲基-4-氯苯基。
不管进一步的取代如何,Het1表示,例如2-或3-呋喃基,2-或3-噻吩基,1-、2-或3-吡咯基,1-、2,4-或5-咪唑基,1-、3-、4-或5-吡唑基,2-、4-或5-噁唑基,3-、4-或5-异噁唑基,2-、4-或5-噻唑基,3-、4-或5-异噻唑基,2-、3-或4-吡啶基,2-、4-、5-或6-嘧啶基,进一步优选1,2,3-三唑-1-、-4-或-5-基,1,2,4-三唑-1-、-3-或5-基,1-或5-四唑基,1,2,3-噁二唑-4-或-5-基,1,2,4-噁二唑-3-或-5-基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2-或-5-基,1,2,4-噻二唑-3-或-5-基,1,2,3-噻二唑-4-或-5-基,3-或4-哒嗪基,吡嗪基,1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲哚基,4-或5-异吲哚基,吲唑基,1-、2-、4-或5-苯并咪唑基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并吡唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噁唑基,3-、4-、5-、6-或7- 苯并异噁唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噻唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异噻唑基,4-、5-、6-或7-苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑基,2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹啉基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-异喹啉基,3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-噌啉基,2-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹唑啉基,5-或6-喹喔啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8-2H-苯并[1,4]噁嗪基,进一步优选1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基,1,4-苯并二噁烷-6-基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4-或-5-基,2,1,3-苯并噁二唑-5-基或二苯并呋喃基。
所述杂环残基也可以被部分地或完全地氢化。
不管进一步的取代如何,Het1因而也可以表示,例如,2,3-二氢-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-呋喃基,2,5-二氢-2-、-3-、-4-或5-呋喃基,四氢-2-或-3-呋喃基,1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-4-基,四氢-2-或-3-噻吩基,2,3-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡咯基,2,5-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡咯基,1-、2-或3-吡咯烷基,四氢-1-、-2-或-4-咪唑基,2,3-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡唑基,四氢-1-、-3-或-4-吡唑基,1,4-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-或-4-吡啶基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-或-6-吡啶基,1-、2-、3-或4-哌啶基,2-、3-或4-吗啉基,四氢-2-、-3-或-4-吡喃基,1,4-二噁烷基,1,3-二噁烷-2-、-4-或-5-基,六氢-1-、-3-或-4-哒嗪基,六氢-1-、-2-、-4-或-5-嘧啶基,1-、2-或3-哌嗪基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-喹啉基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-异喹啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8- 3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[1,4]噁嗪基,进一步优选2,3-亚甲基二氧基苯基,3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基,2,3-亚乙基二氧基苯基,3,4-亚乙基二氧基苯基,3,4-(二氟亚甲基二氧基)苯基,2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-或6-基,2,3-(2-氧代亚甲基二氧基)苯基,以及3,4-二氢-2H-1,5-苯并二氧杂环庚三烯-6-或-7-基,进一步更优选2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基,2,3-二氢-2-氧代呋喃基,3,4-二氢-2-氧代-1H-喹唑啉基,2,3-二氢苯并噁唑基,2-氧代-2,3-二氢苯并噁唑基,2,3-二氢苯并咪唑基,1,3-二氢吲哚,2-氧代-1,3-二氢吲哚,或2-氧代-2,3-二氢苯并咪唑基。
Het1特别优选地表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、四氢噻吩基、硫代吗啉基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、咪唑基、吡咯基、异噁唑基或咪唑烷基,其中所述残基还可以被下述取代基单取代、二取代或三取代:A、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、CF2NH2、CF2NHA、CF2NA2、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2、CN和/或=O。
不管进一步的取代如何,Het2表示,例如1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲哚基,4-或5-异吲哚基,吲唑基,1-、2-、4-或5-苯并咪唑基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并吡唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噁唑基,3-、4-、5-、6-或7- 苯并异噁唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噻唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异噻唑基,4-、5-、6-或7-苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑基,2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹啉基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-异喹啉基,3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-噌啉基,2-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹唑啉基,5-或6-喹喔啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8-2H-苯并[1,4]噁嗪基,进一步优选1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基,1,4-苯并二噁烷-6-基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4-或-5-基,2,1,3-苯并噁二唑-5-基或二苯并呋喃基。
所述杂环基团还可以被部分地氢化。
不管进一步的取代如何,Het2因而也可以表示,例如,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-喹啉基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-异喹啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8- 3,4-二氢-2H-苯并[1,4]噁嗪基,进一步优选2,3-亚甲基二氧基苯基,3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基,2,3-亚乙基二氧基苯基,3,4-亚乙基二氧基苯基,3,4-(二氟亚甲基二氧基)苯基,2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-或6-基,2,3-(2-氧代亚甲基二氧基)苯基,以及3,4-二氢-2H-1,5-苯并二氧杂环庚三烯-6-或-7-基,进一步更优选2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基,2,3-二氢-2-氧代呋喃基,3,4-二氢-2-氧代-1H-喹唑啉基,2,3-二氢苯并噁唑基,2-氧代-2,3-二氢苯并噁唑基,2,3-二氢苯并咪唑基,1,3-二氢吲哚, 2-氧代-1,3-二氢吲哚,或2-氧代-2,3-二氢苯并咪唑基。
Het2优选地表示
其中
X表示O、NH或S,
R4表示H、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2或具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替代,和/或其中1、2或3个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O、NH、NA'、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替代。
Het2特别优选地表示苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、二氢苯并呋喃基、二氢苯并二氧杂环己烯基或苯并呋喃基,其中所述残基被OCH3单取代,且可以另外被R4取代。
R3优选地表示Hal、(CH2)nHet3、O(CH2)nHet3、A'、OA'、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA'、(CH2)nNA'2、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)nCHA'OH、O(CH2)nCHA'OA'、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)mSO2A'、O(CH2)mSOA'、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOA'、O(CH2)nCHOH(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO2(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)mNA(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOA'、NH(CH2)mOH、NH(CH2)nNH2或NH(CH2)mOA',其中m表示1、2、3或4。
R4优选地表示(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA'、(CH2)nCONA'2、A'、OA'、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA'、(CH2)nNA'2、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)nCHA'OH、O(CH2)nCHA'OA'、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)mSO2A'、O(CH2)mSOA'、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOA'、O(CH2)nCHOH(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO2(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)mNA(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOA'、NH(CH2)mOH、NH(CH2)nNH2或NH(CH2)mOA',其中m表示1、2、3或4。
Het3优选地表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基或硫代吗啉基,其中所述残基还可以被=O、Hal和/或A'单取代或二取代。
不管进一步的取代如何,D表示,例如噻唑二基、噻吩二基、呋喃二基、吡咯二基、噁唑二基、异噁唑二基、噁二唑二基、吡唑二基、咪唑二基、噻二唑二基、哒嗪二基、吡嗪二基、吡啶二基或嘧啶二基,
其中所述残基还可以被Hal和/或A单取代、二取代或三取代。
Hal优选地表示F、Cl或Br,但是也表示I,特别优选地表示F或Cl。
对于整个本发明有效的是,所有多次出现的残基均可以相同或不同,即彼此独立。
式I化合物可以具有一个或多个手性中心,且因此可以以不同的立体异构形式存在。式I包括所有这些形式。
因此,本发明具体地涉及这样的式I化合物,其中所述残基的至少一个具有上面指出的优选含义之一。化合物的某些优选基团可以由下述子式Ia至Ih表示,所述子式Ia至Ih符合式I,并且其中没有更详细地指出的基团具有在式I中指出的含义,但是其中
在Ia中,R表示H;
在Ib中,Het1表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、四氢噻吩基、硫代吗啉基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、咪唑基、吡咯基、异噁唑基或咪唑烷基,其中所述残基还可以被下述取代基单取代、二取代或三取代:A、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、CF2NH2、CF2NHA、CF2NA2、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2、CN和/或=O;
在Ic中,Het2表示
X表示O、NH或S,
R4表示H、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2或具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替代,和/或其中1、2或3个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O、NH、NA'、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替代;
在Id中,Het2表示苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、二氢苯并呋喃基、二氢苯并二氧杂环己烯基或苯并呋喃基,其中所述残基被OCH3单取代,且可以另外被R4取代;
在Ie中,R3表示Hal、(CH2)nHet3、O(CH2)nHet3、A'、OA'、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA'、(CH2)nNA'2、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)nCHA'OH、O(CH2)nCHA'OA'、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)mSO2A'、O(CH2)mSOA'、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOA'、O(CH2)nCHOH(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO2(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)mNA(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOA'、NH(CH2)mOH、NH(CH2)nNH2或NH(CH2)mOA',
m表示1、2、3或4;
在If中,R4表示(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA'、(CH2)nCONA'2、A'、OA'、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA'、(CH2)nNA'2、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)nCHA'OH、O(CH2)nCHA'OA'、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nCHA'(CH2)nOA'、O(CH2)mSO2A'、O(CH2)mSOA'、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mO(CH2)mOA'、O(CH2)nCHOH(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)nSO2(CH2)nOH、O(CH2)mNA(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOH、O(CH2)mOA'、NH(CH2)mOH、NH(CH2)nNH2或NH(CH2)mOA',
m表示1、2、3或4;
在Ig中,Het3表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基或硫代吗啉基,其中所述残基还可以被=O、Hal和/或A'单取代或二取代;
在Ih中,R表示H,
R1表示Het1、Ar1、A、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、(CH2)pCN或(CH2)pSO2A,
R2表示Ar2或Het2,
Het1表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、四氢噻吩基、硫代吗啉基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、咪唑基、吡咯基、异噁唑基或咪唑烷基,其中所述残基还可以被下述取代基单取代、二取代或三取代:A、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、CF2NH2、CF2NHA、CF2NA2、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2、CN和/或=O,
Ar1表示苯基、萘基或联苯基,其是未被取代的,或者被下述取代基单取代、二取代或三取代:CN、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA、(CH2)nNA2、NHCOOA、NHCOA、Hal、COOH、COOA、COHet3、A、NHSO2A、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NA2和/或SO2A,
Ar2表示
A'表示具有1-4个C原子的直链或支链烷基,
其中1-5个H原子可以被F替代,
Het2表示
X表示O、NH或S,
R3表示Hal、(CH2)nHet3、O(CH2)nHet3或具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替代,和/或其中1、2或3个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O、NH、NA'、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替代,
R4表示H、(CH2)nCONH2、(CH2)nCONHA、(CH2)nCONA2或具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替代,和/或其中1、2或3个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O、NH、NA'、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替代,
Het3表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基或硫代吗啉基,其中所述残基还可以被=O、Hal和/或A'单取代或二取代,
A表示具有1-10个C原子的直链或支链烷基,
其中1-7个H原子可以被F和/或Cl替代,
或者
具有3-7个C原子的环烷基,
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I,
p表示1、2、3、4、5或6,
n表示0、1、2、3或4,
及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括它们的所有比例的混合物。
此外,通过本身已知的方法,更确切地说在已知并适合所述反应的反应条件下,制备式I的化合物及其制备用的原材料,所述方法如文献中(例如在标准著作中,如Houben-Weyl, Methoden der
organischen Chemie, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart)描述的。在此也可以使用在本文中没有更具体提及的本身已知的方案。
式I的化合物优选可以通过式II的化合物与式III的化合物的反应来获得。
式II和式III的化合物通常是公知的。但是,如果它们是新颖的,则可通过本身已知的方法来制备。
在式II化合物中,L优选地表示OH、Cl、Br、I或游离的或反应性改性的OH基团,例如,活化的酯、咪唑基(Imidazolid)或具有1-6个C原子的烷基磺酰基氧基(优选为甲基磺酰基氧基或三氟甲基磺酰基氧基)或具有6-10个C原子的芳基磺酰基氧基(优选为苯基-或对甲苯基磺酰基氧基)。
根据所用的条件,反应时间在数分钟至14天之间,反应温度在约-30°至180°之间、通常在30°至160°之间、特别是在约40°至约120°之间。
作为惰性溶剂合适的是例如烃,如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯化的烃,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇或叔丁醇;醚,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二氧杂环己烷;二醇醚,如乙二醇单甲基醚或乙二醇单乙基醚(乙二醇一甲醚或乙二醇一乙醚)、乙二醇二甲基醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈,如乙腈;亚砜,如二甲亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯,如乙酸乙酯或所述溶剂的混合物。
特别优选的是,丙醇、乙醇、丁醇、乙二醇、二噁烷、THF或二甲氧基乙烷。
药用盐和其它形式
所述根据本发明的化合物可以以它们的最终非盐形式使用。另一方面,本发明还包括以根据本领域中已知的途径可衍生自各种有机和无机酸和碱的它们的可药用的盐形式使用这些化合物。式I的化合物的可药用的盐形式主要通过常规方法制备。如果式I的化合物含有羧酸基团,则可以通过使该化合物与合适的碱反应产生相应的碱加成盐来形成其合适的盐之一。这样的碱是例如碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化锂;碱土金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钡和氢氧化钙;碱金属醇盐,例如乙醇钾和丙醇钠;和各种有机碱,如哌啶、二乙醇胺和N-甲基谷氨酰胺。同样包括式I的化合物的铝盐。在某些式I的化合物的情况下,可以通过用可药用有机和无机酸,例如卤化氢,如氯化氢、溴化氢或碘化氢、其它无机酸及其相应的盐,硫酸盐、硝酸盐或磷酸盐等和烷基-和单芳基磺酸盐,如乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和苯磺酸盐,和其它有机酸及其相应的盐,如乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、抗坏血酸盐等处理这些化合物来形成酸加成盐。相应地,式I的化合物的可药用酸加成盐包括下列:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、精氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐(苯磺酸盐)、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物、氯苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、粘酸盐(由粘酸形成)、半乳糖醛酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴化物、氢碘化物、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、异丁酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、偏磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、油酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(Palmoat)、果胶酯酸盐、过硫酸盐、苯基乙酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐,但这并非限制。
此外,根据本发明的化合物的碱盐包括铝-、铵-、钙-、铜-、铁(III)-、铁(II)-、锂-、镁-、锰(III)-、锰(II)-、钾-、钠和锌盐,但这无意代表限制。在上述盐中,优选铵;钠和钾的碱金属盐,以及钙和镁的碱土金属盐。衍生自可药用的有机无毒碱的式I的化合物的盐包括伯胺、仲胺和叔胺、取代胺,也包括天然存在的取代胺、环胺和碱性离子交换树脂,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺(苄星)、二环己基胺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、还原葡糖胺、葡糖胺、组氨酸、哈胺(Hydrabamin)、异丙胺、利多卡因、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙醇胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺和三(羟基甲基)甲基胺(氨丁三醇)的盐,但这无意代表限制。
可以用诸如以下试剂将含有碱性含氮基团的本发明的化合物季铵化:(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基和叔丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;硫酸二(C1-C4)烷基酯,例如硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯和硫酸二戊酯;(C10-C18)烷基卤化物,例如癸基、十二烷基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;以及芳基(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如苄基氯和苯乙基溴。可以用该类盐来制备水溶性和油溶性的本发明的化合物。
优选的上述药用盐包括乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡甲胺、硝酸盐、油酸盐、膦酸盐、新戊酸盐、磷酸钠、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫代苹果酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和氨基丁三醇,但这不代表限于此。
特别优选的是,盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐和琥珀酸盐。
通过使游离碱形式与足量的所需酸接触,由此以常规方式形成盐来制备碱性的式I化合物的酸加成盐。可以通过使盐形式与碱接触并以常规方式分离游离碱来再生游离碱。游离碱形式在某些方面,在某些物理性质,如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面不同于其相应的盐形式;但在本发明范围内,该盐在其它方面相应于其各自的游离碱形式。
如上所述,用金属或胺,如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成式I化合物的可药用的碱加成盐。优选的金属是钠、钾、镁和钙。优选的有机胺是N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
通过使游离酸形式与足量的所需碱接触,由此以常规方式形成盐来制备根据本发明的酸性化合物的碱加成盐。可以通过使盐形式与酸接触并以常规方式分离游离酸来再生游离酸。游离酸形式在某些方面,在某些物理性质,如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面不同于其相应的盐形式;但在本发明范围内,该盐在其它方面相应于其各自的游离酸形式。
如果根据本发明的化合物含有多于一个能形成这样的可药用盐的基团,则本发明还包括复合盐。典型的复合盐形式包括例如,酒石酸氢盐、双乙酸盐、富马酸氢盐、二葡甲胺、二磷酸盐、二钠和三盐酸盐,但这无意代表限制。
根据上文可以看出,术语“可药用的盐”在本文中意指包含以其盐之一的形式的式I化合物的活性成分,特别是,与活性成分的游离形式或之前使用的该活性成分的任何其它盐形式相比,如果这种盐形式赋予了该活性成分改进的药代动力学性质。该活性成分的可药用的盐形式还可首次赋予这种活性成分之前没有的并甚至在其体内治疗效力方面对这种活性成分的药效学具有积极影响的所需药代动力学性质。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及任选地包含赋形剂和/或佐剂的药剂。
药物制剂可以以每剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式给药。根据治疗的疾病情况、给药途径和患者的年龄、体重和状况,这样的单位可包含例如0.5毫克至1克,优选1毫克至700毫克,特别优选5毫克至100毫克的根据本发明的化合物,或药物制剂可以以每剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式给药。优选的剂量单位制剂是包含如上指示的日剂量或分剂量或其相应部分的活性成分的那些。此外,可以使用制药领域中公知的方法制备这样的药物制剂。
可调整药物制剂经由任意合适途径给药,例如通过经口(包括口腔或舌下)、直肠、经鼻、局部(包括口腔、舌下或经皮)、阴道或肠道外(包括皮下、肌肉内、静脉内或皮内)方法。可以使用制药领域中已知的所有方法通过例如将活性成分与一种或多种赋形剂或一种或多种辅助剂合并来制备这样的制剂。
适合口服给药的药物制剂可作为独立单位,例如胶囊或片剂;粉剂或颗粒剂;在水性或非水性液体中的溶液或混悬液;可食用泡沫或泡沫食品;或水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂给药。
因此,例如,在片剂或胶囊形式的口服给药情况下,可以将活性成分与口服、无毒和可药用的惰性赋形剂,例如乙醇、甘油、水等合并。通过将该化合物研碎至合适的细粒度并将其与以类似方式研碎的药物赋形剂,例如可食用的碳水化合物,例如淀粉或甘露醇混合,制备粉剂。还可能存在矫味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和染料。
通过如上所述制备粉末混合物并用其填充成形明胶壳,制造胶囊。在填充操作之前可以将助流剂和润滑剂,例如固体形式的高分散二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或聚乙二醇添加到该粉末混合物中。也可以添加崩解剂或增溶剂,例如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠,以改进服用胶囊后药剂的有效性。
此外,如果需要或必要,也可以将合适的粘合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂以及染料掺入该混合物中。合适的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖,例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖,由玉米制成的甜味剂、天然和合成橡胶,例如阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶或藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡等。这些剂型中所用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂包括,但不限于,淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。通过例如制备粉末混合物、粒化或干压该混合物,添加润滑剂和崩解剂并将它们整个压制成片剂来配制片剂。通过将以合适方式粉碎的化合物与如上所述的稀释剂或基料和任选与粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、溶出阻滞剂,例如石蜡,吸收促进剂,例如季铵盐,和/或吸收剂,例如膨润土、高岭土或磷酸二钙混合,制备粉末混合物。可以通过用粘合剂,例如糖浆、淀粉糊、阿拉伯胶浆(Aacadia-Schleim)或纤维素-或聚合物材料的溶液润湿并将其压过筛子来粒化该粉末混合物。代替粒化,可以使粉末混合物经过压片机,以产生形状不均匀的团块,将其打碎形成颗粒。可以通过添加硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、滑石或矿物油使颗粒涂上油脂以防止粘着到铸片模具上。然后将经涂脂的混合物压成片剂。根据本发明的化合物也可以与自由流动的惰性赋形剂合并,然后在不进行造粒或干压步骤的情况下直接压成片剂。可存在由虫胶密封层、糖或聚合物材料层和蜡制光泽层构成的透明或不透明保护层。可以将染料添加到这些包衣中以便能区分不同的剂量单位。
口服液,例如溶液、糖浆和酏剂可以以剂量单位形式制备以使所给的量包含预定量的化合物。可以通过将该化合物溶解在含合适矫味剂的水溶液中来制备糖浆,而使用无毒醇类媒介物制备酏剂。可以通过将该化合物分散在无毒媒介物中来配制混悬液。也可以加入增溶剂和乳化剂,例如乙氧基化异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇醚,防腐剂、矫味添加剂,例如薄荷油,或天然甜味剂或糖精,或其它人工甜味剂等。
用于口服给药的剂量单位制剂可任选包封在微囊中。也可以以延长或延迟释放的方式制备该制剂,例如通过将微粒材料包衣或包埋于聚合物、蜡等中。
式I化合物及其盐还可以以脂质体递送体系,例如单层小囊泡、单层大囊泡和多层囊泡的形式给药。脂质体可以由各种磷脂,例如胆固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱形成。
式I化合物及其盐还可以使用单克隆抗体作为该化合物分子偶联于其上的独立载体输递。该化合物还可到与作为靶向药剂载体的可溶聚合物偶联。这样的聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰氨基苯酚、聚羟乙基天冬酰氨基苯酚或聚氧化乙烯聚赖氨酸,其被棕榈酰基残基取代。此外,该化合物可偶联到适合实现药剂控释的一类可生物降解的聚合物,例如聚乳酸、聚ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚二羟基吡喃类、聚氰基丙烯酸酯和水凝胶的交联或两亲嵌段共聚物上。
适于经皮施用的药物制剂可以作为与接受者的表皮长期紧密接触的独立硬膏剂施用。因此,例如,可以用离子电渗疗法使活性成分从硬膏剂中递送,如Pharmaceutical Research,
3(6), 318 (1986)中的通用术语所述。
适合局部给药的药物化合物可配制为软膏剂、乳膏剂、混悬液、洗剂、粉剂、溶液、糊剂、凝胶、喷雾剂、气雾剂或油。
为了治疗眼睛或其它外部组织,例如口腔和皮肤,该制剂优选以局部软膏剂或乳膏剂的形式施用。在配制成软膏剂的情况下,活性成分可以与石蜡族或水混溶性膏基一起使用。或者,活性成分可以与水包油型乳膏基质或油包水型基质一起配制成膏剂。
适合局部施用于眼睛的药物制剂包括滴眼液,其中将活性成分溶解或悬浮在合适的载体,特别是水性溶剂中。
适合局部施用于口腔的药物制剂包括锭剂、软锭剂和漱口液。
适合直肠给药的药物制剂可以以栓剂或灌肠剂的形式给药。
其中载体物质是固体的适合经鼻给药的药物制剂包括粒度为例如20-500微米的粗粉,其以鼻吸的方式给药,即通过经鼻腔通道从靠近鼻子的含有粉剂的容器中快速吸入。以液体作为载体物质的适合作为鼻喷雾剂或滴鼻剂给药的制剂包括在水或油中的活性成分溶液。
适合通过吸入给药的药物制剂包含可通过各种类型的含气雾剂的加压分配器、喷雾器或吹入器生成的细粒粉或雾。
适合阴道给药的药物制剂可作为子宫托、棉条、乳膏剂、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂给药。
适合肠道外给药的药物制剂包括包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和由此使得该制剂与被治疗的受体的血液等渗的溶质的水性和非水性无菌注射液;可包含悬浮介质和增稠剂的水性和非水性无菌混悬液。该制剂可以在单剂量或多剂量容器,例如密封的安瓿和小瓶中给药并以冷冻干燥(冻干)状态储存,以便仅需在临用前加入无菌载体液体例如注射用水。按照处方制备的注射溶液和混悬液可以由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。
不言而喻的是,除上文特别提到的成分外,该制剂还可包含本领域中根据制剂的特定类型常见的其它试剂;因此,例如,适合口服的制剂可包含矫味剂。
式I化合物的治疗有效量取决于许多因素,包括例如动物的年龄和体重、需要治疗的准确疾病情况及其严重程度、制剂的性质和给药方法,最终由主治医生或兽医来决定。然而,本发明的化合物用于治疗肿瘤生长例如结肠癌或乳腺癌的有效量一般为0.1至100 mg/kg接受者(哺乳动物)体重/ 天,特别是通常为1至10 mg/kg体重/天。因此,对于体重为70 kg的成年哺乳动物而言,每天的实际量通常为70至700 mg,其中该量可以作为每天单次剂量或者通常以每天一系列分剂量(如二、三、四、五或六个分剂量)给药,从而使得总日剂量相同。可作为根据本发明的化合物本身的有效量的比例确定其盐或溶剂合物或生理功能衍生物的有效量。类似剂量被认为适用于治疗上文提到的其它疾病情况。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及至少一种其它药物活性成分的药剂。
本发明还涉及套装(试剂盒),其由下列的单独包装构成:
(a) 有效量的式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,
和
(b) 有效量的其它药物活性成分。
该套盒包含合适的容器,如盒或硬纸盒、单个瓶、袋或安瓿。该套盒可以包含例如单独的安瓿,每个安瓿各自包含有效量式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,和有效量的溶解或冷冻干燥形式的其它药物活性成分。
用途
本发明的化合物适合作为用于哺乳动物、尤其是人的药物活性化合物来治疗疾病。
本发明包括用于治疗或预防如下疾病的式I化合物:自身免疫性疾病、炎性疾病、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病、变态反应、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子能动性、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺损伤。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防如下疾病的药剂中的用途:自身免疫性疾病、炎性疾病、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病、变态反应、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子能动性、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺损伤。
根据本发明的化合物优选用于制备用于治疗选自如下的紊乱的药剂:多发性硬化症、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病、肺炎症、血栓形成或者脑感染或-炎症如脑膜炎或脑炎、阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、ZNS创伤、中风或缺血状态、心血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化、心脏肥大、心肌细胞功能障碍、高血压或血管收缩。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防如下疾病的药剂中的用途:自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病,如多发性硬化症、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病、肺炎症、血栓形成或者脑感染或-炎症如脑膜炎或脑炎。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防如下疾病的药剂中的用途:神经变性疾病,如尤其是多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、ZNS创伤、中风或缺血状态。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防如下疾病的药剂中的用途:心血管疾病,如动脉粥样硬化、心脏肥大、心肌细胞功能障碍、高血压或血管收缩。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防如下疾病的药剂中的用途:慢性阻塞性肺病、过敏性休克导致的纤维变性、银屑病、变应性疾病、哮喘、中风、缺血状态、缺血-再灌注、血小板聚集或激活、骨骼肌萎缩或-肥大、癌组织中的白细胞募集、血管生成、侵入转移、特别是黑素瘤、卡波西肉瘤、急性和慢性细菌-和病毒感染、脓毒病、移植排斥、移植物排斥、肾小球硬化症、肾小球肾炎、进行性肾纤维变性、肺中的内皮-和上皮损伤以及肺中的呼吸道炎症。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗或预防癌症的药剂中的用途,其中所述癌症选自:脑癌(神经胶质瘤)、成胶质细胞瘤、白血病、Bannayan-Zonana综合症、考登病、小脑皮质弥漫性神经节细胞瘤(Lhermitte-Duclos-Krankheit)、乳腺癌、炎性乳腺癌、维尔姆斯肿瘤、尤因肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、结肠癌、头颈癌、肾癌、肺癌、肝癌、黑素瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、骨和甲状腺巨细胞肿瘤。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗或预防癌症的药剂中的用途,其中所述癌症选自:成淋巴细胞T-细胞白血病、慢性髓性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、多毛细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓性白血病、慢性中性粒细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞T-细胞白血病、浆细胞瘤、免疫母细胞大细胞白血病、套细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、成巨核细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、急性巨核细胞白血病、早幼粒细胞白血病和红白血病。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗或预防癌症的药剂中的用途,其中所述癌症选自:恶性淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、成淋巴细胞T-细胞淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤和滤泡型淋巴瘤。
本发明优选涉及用于在哺乳动物、包括人中治疗癌症的方法,其中所述癌症选自:成神经细胞瘤、膀胱癌、膀胱上皮癌、肺癌、外阴癌、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、间皮瘤、食管癌、唾液腺癌、肝细胞癌、肠癌、鼻咽癌、颊癌、口腔癌、GIST(胃肠道间质瘤)和睾丸癌。
式I化合物还可以用于在某些现有的癌症化疗中提供提供附加或协同效应,和/或可为恢复某些现有癌症化疗法和-放射疗法的效力而使用式I的化合物。
还包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于哺乳动物的药剂中的用途,其中施用治疗有效量的根据本发明的化合物。治疗量取决于根据各自的疾病,并且可以由本领域技术人员不经过度努力即可确定。
可以将所公开的式I化合物与其它已知治疗剂、包括抗癌药联用。本文所用的术语“抗癌药”涉及施用于癌症患者、旨在治疗癌症的任意药剂。
这里定义的抗癌治疗可以作为单一疗法应用,或除根据本发明的化合物外,还可以包括常规的手术或放疗或化疗。这类化疗可以包括如下类别抗肿瘤药中的一种或多种:
(i) 如用于医学肿瘤学中的抗增殖/抗肿瘤/DNA-损伤剂及其组合,如烷化剂(例如顺铂、卡铂、环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安和亚硝基脲);抗代谢物(例如抗叶酸剂,如氟嘧啶类如5-氟尿嘧啶和替加氟、雷替曲塞、甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷、羟基脲和吉西他滨);抗肿瘤抗生素(例如蒽环类抗生素,如亚德利亚霉素、博来霉素、多柔比星、道诺霉素、表柔比星、伊达比星、丝裂霉素-C、放线菌素D和光辉霉素);抗有丝分裂剂(例如长春花生物碱,如长春新碱、长春花碱、长春地辛和长春瑞滨和紫杉烷类如紫杉醇和泰素帝(Taxoter));拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如表鬼臼毒素如依托泊苷和替尼泊苷、安吖啶、拓扑替康、伊立替康和喜树碱) 和细胞分化剂(例如全反式视黄酸、13-顺式-视黄酸和芬维A胺);
(ii) 细胞抑制剂,如抗雌激素药(例如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬和艾多昔芬(Iodoxyfen)、雌激素受体减量调节剂(例如氟维司群)、抗雄激素药(例如比卡鲁胺、氟他胺、尼鲁米特和醋酸环丙孕酮)、LHRH拮抗剂或LHRH激动剂(例如戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林和布舍瑞林)、孕酮类(例如醋酸甲地孕酮)、芳香酶抑制剂(例如阿那曲唑、来曲唑、伏氯唑(Vorazol)和依西美坦)和5α-还原酶抑制剂如非那雄胺;
(iii) 抑制癌细胞侵入的药剂(例如金属蛋白酶抑制剂如马立马司他和尿激酶-纤溶酶原激活物受体功能抑制剂);
(iv) 生长因子功能抑制剂,例如这类抑制剂包括生长因子抗体、生长因子受体抗体(例如抗-erbb2-抗体曲妥单抗[HerceptinTM]和抗-erbb1-抗体西妥昔单抗[C225])、法尼基转移酶抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和丝氨酸/ 苏氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如表皮生长因子家族抑制剂(例如EGFR家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,如N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-甲氧基-6-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(吉非替尼,AZD1839)、N-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(厄洛替尼,OS1-774)和6-丙烯酰胺基-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(Cl 1033));例如血小板衍生生长因子家族抑制剂和例如肝细胞生长因子家族抑制剂;
(v) 抗血管生成剂,如抑制血管内皮生长因子的作用的那些(例如抗血管内皮细胞生长因子的抗体贝伐单抗[AvastinTM]、如披露在公布的国际专利申请WO 97/22596、WO 97/30035、WO 97/32856和WO 98/13354中的那些化合物)和通过其它机制起作用的化合物(例如利诺胺、整联蛋白-αvβ3功能抑制剂和血管抑素(Angiostatin));
(vi) 血管损伤剂,如康普瑞汀(Combretastatin)A4和披露在国际专利申请WO 99/02166、WO 00/40529、WO 00/41669、WO 01/92224、WO 02/04434和WO 02/08213中的化合物;
(vii) 反义疗法,例如针对上述列举的靶标的那些,如抗-Ras反义物ISIS 2503;
(viii) 基因治疗方案,包括例如替换改变的基因,诸如改变的p53或改变的BRCA1或BRCA2的方案;GDEPT(基因导向性酶前药疗法)方案,其使用胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胸苷激酶或细菌硝基还原酶的那些;和增加患者对化疗或放疗耐受性的方案,如多药抗药性基因疗法;和
(ix) 免疫疗法方案,包括例如用于增加患者肿瘤细胞免疫原性的先体外后体内-和体内方案,如使用细胞因子如白细胞介素2、白细胞介素4或粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的转染;用于减少T-细胞无反应性的方案;使用转染的免疫细胞如用细胞因子转染的树突细胞的方案;使用细胞因子转染的肿瘤细胞系的方案;和使用抗独特型抗体的方案。
来自下表1的药物优选地、但非排它地与式I化合物联用。
该类联合治疗可以借助于同时、连续或单独分配治疗中的各组分来实现。这种类型的组合产品使用根据本发明的化合物。
测定法
通过下文所述的测定法测试了实施例中所述的式I化合物,发现它们具有激酶抑制活性。其它测定法由文献已知,且可容易地由本领域技术人员进行(参见,例如,Dhanabal等人, Cancer Res. 59:189-197;
Xin等人, J. Biol. Chem. 274:9116-9121;
Sheu等人, Anticancer Res. 18:4435-4441;
Ausprunk等人, Dev. Biol. 38:237-248;
Gimbrone等人, J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
52:413-427; Nicosia等人, In Vitro 18:538- 549)。
PI3K抑制剂的细胞测试方法的描述
用于细胞PI3K活性的测定是PKB在丝氨酸473处进行的PI3K-依赖性磷酸化。作为Luminex测定法,以96孔形式、在PC3细胞中进行了用于测定P-S473-PKB水平的细胞试验。由于PTEN突变,PC3细胞显示出PKB的组成型磷酸化。
将PC3细胞以每孔20,000个细胞播种在100 μl培养基(45%RPMI1460 /45%Ham’s F12/10%FCS)中,并在第二天,在无血清的条件下将其与试验物质的系列稀释物(7种浓度)一起温育30分钟。然后每孔使用90 μl溶解缓冲液(20mM Tris/HCl pH 8.0、150mM NaCl、1%NP40、10%甘油、1%磷酸酶抑制剂I、1%磷酸酶抑制剂II、0.1%蛋白酶抑制剂混合物III、0.01%Benzonase)将细胞溶解,并借助于离心、通过96孔滤板(0.65 μm)从不溶性细胞组分中分离出溶解物。于4℃在振摇下将溶解物与偶联有抗-总PKB抗体的Luminex珠温育过夜。在次日,通过加入P-S473-PKB抗体和种属特异性的PE标记的第二抗体进行检测。在Luminex100仪器中通过测定每个腔洞的100次活动(测定时间为60秒)进行P-S473-PKB的检测。作为药理学空白,从所有其它制备物中减去由已经用3 μM渥曼青霉素处理的细胞获得的信号。作为PKB在S473处最大磷酸化的对照值使用仅用溶剂(0.3%DMSO)处理的细胞的信号。由其作为对照的百分数计算用试验物质处理的制备物的值,并借助于RS1得到IC50值。
在上下文中,所有温度均以℃表示。在以下实施例中,“常规后处理”指:如果必要的话,加入水;如果必要的话,根据终产物的构成,将pH值调至2至10,用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取,分离,将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发,通过硅胶色谱法和/或通过结晶进行纯化。硅胶上的Rf值;洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯/ 甲醇9:1。
质谱法(MS):EI(电子碰撞离子化)M+
FAB(快速原子轰击) (M+H)+
ESI(电喷射离子化) (M+H)+
APCI-MS(大气压化学电离-质谱法) (M+H)+。
HPLC-MS
:
Agilent 1200系列仪器
HPLC-MS方法
:
Esi1.Rod.m /极性m / 非极性m
柱
:
Chromolith Speed Rod RP 18e 50-4.6 mm
流速
:
2.4 ml/min
缓冲液A
:
0.05%的甲酸/水
缓冲液B
:
0.04%的甲酸/乙腈
波长
:
220 nm
梯度极性m
:
0.0-2.8 min 4%-100%的缓冲液B;2.8-3.3 min 100%的缓冲液B;3.3-3.4 min 100%-4
LC-MS方法:极性的:
柱:Chromolith Speed Rod RP
18e 50-4.6 mm LCMS
极性m,2.4 ml/min,220 nm,缓冲液A 0.05%的HCOOH/H2O,缓冲液B 0.04%的HCOOH/ACN,0.0-3.0 min 5%-100%的缓冲液B;3.0-3.5 min 100%的缓冲液B
极性 1: Agilent 1200系列仪器
极性 2: Agilent 1100系列仪器
保留时间Rf按分钟[min]计。
通过下述合成次序(AAV1和AAV2),可以制备根据本发明的化合物:
AAV
方法
1
:
在具有回流冷凝器的反应烧瓶中,在0.1-3当量的碱金属-或碱土金属碳酸盐存在下,在30℃至180℃的温度下,排除水,优选地在保护气体下,将1当量的磺酰胺或磺酰胺的碱金属盐与0.9-1.5当量的2,3-二氯喹喔啉于DMA中一起搅拌,直到磺酰胺几乎完全反应(约0.5-12小时)。将冷却的反应混合物加入水中,并抽滤出。将滤液酸化,冷却,并抽滤出新形成的沉淀物,用合适的溶剂洗涤,并干燥。随后可任选进行本领域技术人员已知的纯化方法,例如,重结晶或色谱法。
AAV 方法 2: (一般规程)
在微波适用的玻璃容器中,将1当量的喹喔啉衍生物、0.9-2.5当量的胺在30-100当量的1-丙醇或可比较的醇(1-丁醇、2-丙醇、乙醇等)或其它有机溶剂(诸如乙二醇、二噁烷、THF)中在40-180℃下在微波中高吸收地加热,直到喹喔啉衍生物几乎完全反应(约1-12小时)。抽滤出冷却的反应混合物,用1-丙醇洗涤,并干燥。随后可任选进行本领域技术人员已知的纯化方法,例如,重结晶或色谱法。
该方法之后还可以另外进行在实施例中说明的其它合成步骤。
第一步所需的磺酰胺是商购可得的,或者可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法,例如通过从相应的磺酰氯氨解来制备。
实施例
1
1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-磺酸(3-氯喹喔啉-2-基)酰胺的制备(用于制备A24的结构单元)
在烧瓶中,在约20 ml水中搅拌2.0 g 1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-磺酰胺和812 mg KOH (含量84%,余量为水),直到形成澄清溶液。将其减压冻干,以完全除去水。在氮下,将固体钾盐与2.74g 2,3-二氯喹喔啉和866 mg碳酸钾一起在约20 ml干燥的DMA中在120℃(浴温)下加热,直到磺酰胺几乎完全反应(HPLC检查,约3小时)。将冷却的反应溶液倒入约200 ml冰水中,由此在一段时间以后形成沉淀物。将其抽滤出,并抛弃。使用饱和的柠檬酸溶液,将滤液调至pH 4-5。进一步产生沉淀物,将其滤出,用水洗涤,并干燥,得到3.36 g 1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-磺酸-(3-氯喹喔啉-2-基)酰胺,为淡米色固体(收率86%,含量97%)。MS-FAB (M+H+) =
324.0. Rf (极性方法): 1.85 min。将其不经进一步纯化用于下一步。
类似的操作能够将众多的其它磺酰胺转化成相应的喹喔啉衍生物:钾盐的预先单独制备不是绝对必要的,但是在有些情况下,会得到更好的收率。如果省略钾盐的制备,则必须增加相应的碳酸钾的量至0.9-2.5当量。作为碳酸钾的替代,也可以采用其它碱金属-或碱土金属碳酸盐(考虑碱当量)。
实施例
2
2-[3-(3-氯喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基)吡唑-1-基]-2,2-二氟-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的制备(用于制备A119的结构单元)
在烧瓶中,将1.30 g 2,2-二氟-N,N-二甲基-2-(3-氨磺酰基吡唑-1-基)乙酰胺、1.16 g 2,3-二氯喹喔啉和670 mg碳酸钾在约16 ml干燥的DMA中在氮下在100℃(浴温) 加热,直到磺酰胺几乎完全反应(HPLC检查,约3小时)。将冷却的反应溶液倒入约200 ml冰水中,由此在一段时间以后形成沉淀物。将其抽滤出,并抛弃。使用饱和的柠檬酸溶液,将滤液调至pH 4-5。进一步产生沉淀物,将其滤出,用水洗涤,并干燥,得到1.44 g 2-[3-(3-氯喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基)吡唑-1-基]-2,2-二氟-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,为淡米色固体(收率69%,含量99.8%)。MS-FAB (M+H+) =
431.0. Rf (方法极性): 1.98 min。将其不经进一步纯化用于下一步。
例如(但不将方法限于此),可以采用下述试剂,
等。
实施例
3
2,2-二氟-2-(3-{3-[2-(3-羟基丁氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基-苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基}吡唑-1-基)-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的制备(“A118”)
在微波适用的玻璃容器中,将300 mg 2-[3-(3-氯喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基)吡唑-1-基]-2,2-二氟-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和258 mg 4-(2-氨基-4,6-二甲氧基苯氧基)丁-2-醇在4ml 1-丙醇中在140℃下在微波中高吸收地加热,直到原料1几乎完全反应(约45分钟)。将冷却的反应混合物抽滤出,用1-丙醇洗涤,并干燥。得到320 mg 2,2-二氟-2-(3-{3-[2-(3-羟基丁氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基}吡唑-1-基)-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,为浅黄色固体(收率74%)。MS-FAB (M+H+) =
636.2. Rf (方法极性): 2.41 min。
通过该方法,由相应的喹喔啉衍生物和胺,得到化合物A1-A22、A24-A37、A39-A56、A58-A92、A93-A105、A107、A107、A112-A115、A117-A128和A131:
胺结构单元的制备实例:
“A6”、“A7”的苯胺结构单元的制备:
“A5”的苯胺结构单元的制备:
“A15”和“A16”的苯胺结构单元的制备:
“A124”和“A127”的苯胺结构单元的制备:
实施例
4
4-二甲基氨基甲基-N-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基}苯磺酰胺的制备(“A38”)
在已经加热干燥的多颈烧瓶中,在0℃(冰浴)下,将溶解在THF中的共4当量的LiAlH4加入溶解在约10 ml THF中的200 mg 4-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基}-N,N-二甲基苯甲酰胺,并将所述混合物在室温下搅拌,直到原料几乎完全反应(数小时,HPLC检查)。通过加入5 ml甲醇,淬灭反应混合物。将溶液酸化,直到所有物质溶解,稍微浓缩,并通过在硅胶RP18上的制备型HPLC(乙腈, 水)进行纯化。得到75 mg 4-二甲基氨基甲基-N-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基}苯磺酰胺,为黄色固体(收率36%);MS-FAB (M+H+) =
568.2; Rf (方法极性): 1.85 min。
类似地得到下述化合物:
实施例
5
4-氨基甲基-N-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基-苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基}苯磺酰胺的制备(“A106”)
在合适的压力装置中,在1.00 g海绵镍催化剂(Johnson-Matthey) 存在下,在50℃和5巴下,将1.15 g 4-氰基-N-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基}苯磺酰胺在5 ml THF和12 ml氨的甲醇溶液(10%) 中氢化17小时。滤出催化剂,用大量MeOH和THF洗涤,并浓缩整个滤液。得到819 mg 4-氨基甲基-N-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基}苯磺酰胺,其含量为82.4% (收率59.4%);MS-FAB (M+H+) =
540.2; Rf (方法极性): 1.75 min。
实施例
6
N-(4-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基}苄基)乙酰胺的制备(“A132”)
在室温下,在螺旋帽瓶中,将100 mg 4-氨基甲基-N-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基}苯磺酰胺(含量82%)、37 mg DAPECI和8.7 μl醋酸在1 ml DMF中搅拌过夜。将反应溶液倒入水中,并抽滤出沉积的沉淀物。通过在硅胶RP18上的制备型HPLC (乙腈, 水) 进行纯化,得到共39 mg N-(4-{3-[2-(3-羟基丙氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基]喹喔啉-2-基氨磺酰基}苄基)乙酰胺(收率41%);MS-FAB (M+H+) =
582.2; Rf (方法极性): 2.19 min。
药理学数据
PI3激酶抑制
与在WO 2008/101979中公开的其它喹喔啉衍生物相比,根据本发明的化合物对PI3激酶具有提高的抑制性质。
表1
PI3激酶抑制
表2
IC50: 1 nM–0.1 μM = A
0.1 μM-10 μM = B
> 10 μM = C。
以下实施例涉及药剂:
实施例A:注射小瓶
使用2 N盐酸将100克式I的活性成分和5克磷酸氢二钠在3升重蒸馏水中的溶液调节至pH 6.5,无菌过滤,灌入注射小瓶中,在无菌条件下冻干并在无菌条件下密封。每个注射小瓶含有5毫克活性成分。
实施例B:栓剂
将20克式I的活性成分与100克大豆卵磷脂和1400克可可油的混合物熔化,倒入模具中并使其冷却。每个栓剂含有20毫克活性成分。
实施例C:溶液剂
在940毫升重蒸馏水中由1克式I的活性成分、9.38克NaH2PO4
∙ 2 H2O、28.48克Na2HPO4
∙ 12 H2O和0.1克苯扎氯铵制备溶液。将pH调节至6.8,将该溶液配至1升并通过辐射消毒。这种溶液可以以滴眼液形式使用。
实施例D:软膏剂
将500毫克式I的活性成分与99.5克凡士林在无菌条件下混合。
实施例E:片剂
将1千克式I的活性成分、4千克乳糖、1.2千克马铃薯淀粉、0.2千克滑石和0.1千克硬脂酸镁的混合物以常规方式如此压成片剂,以使每个片剂含有10毫克活性成分。
实施例F:糖锭剂
与实施例E类似地压制片剂并随后以常规方式用蔗糖、马铃薯淀粉、滑石、黄蓍胶和染料的包衣料包衣。
实施例G:胶囊剂
将2千克式I的活性成分以常规方式引入硬明胶胶囊中以使每个胶囊含有20毫克该活性成分。
实施例H:安瓿剂
将1千克式I的活性成分在60升重蒸馏水中的溶液无菌过滤,灌入安瓿中,在无菌条件下冻干并在无菌条件下密封。每个安瓿含有10毫克活性成分。
Claims (5)
1.选自下述的化合物及其可药用盐:
。
2.药剂,其包含至少一种根据权利要求1所述的化合物和/或其可药用盐,以及任选的赋形剂和/或佐剂。
3.权利要求1的化合物在制备用于治疗自身免疫性疾病、炎性疾病、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病、变态反应、哮喘、多器官衰竭、肾疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子能动性、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺损伤的药物中的用途。
4.权利要求3的用途,其中所述炎性疾病是胰腺炎。
5.套盒试剂盒,其由下列的单独包装构成:
(a) 有效量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物和/或其可药用的盐,
和
(b) 有效量的其它药物活性成分。
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