CN101312958A - 3,6-二氢-2-氧代-6h-1,3,4-噻二嗪衍生物 - Google Patents
3,6-二氢-2-氧代-6h-1,3,4-噻二嗪衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101312958A CN101312958A CNA2006800434593A CN200680043459A CN101312958A CN 101312958 A CN101312958 A CN 101312958A CN A2006800434593 A CNA2006800434593 A CN A2006800434593A CN 200680043459 A CN200680043459 A CN 200680043459A CN 101312958 A CN101312958 A CN 101312958A
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Abstract
式(I)的化合物为酪氨酸激酶、特别是Met激酶抑制剂,其中R1、R2、Q和B具有权利要求1中所示含义,并且它们尤其可以用于治疗肿瘤。
Description
发明背景
本发明的目的在于发现具有有价值的性质的新化合物,特别是可用于制备药剂的那些。
本发明涉及化合物和化合物的用途,其中激酶、特别是酪氨酸激酶和/或丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的信号转导的抑制、调节和/或调控发挥作用,本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物和这些化合用于治疗激酶诱导的疾病的用途。
具体而言,本发明涉及化合物和化合物的用途,其中Met激酶的信号转导的抑制、调节和/或调控发挥作用。
实现细胞调节的主要机制之一是通过跨膜胞外信号转导来进行的,该转导转而调控细胞内的生化路径。蛋白质磷酸化代表了一种过程,通过该过程胞内信号在分子与分子间传播,最终导致细胞应答。这些信号转导级联受到高度调节并且经常重叠,这一点可由存在许多蛋白激酶以及磷酸酶而看出。蛋白质磷酸化主要发生在丝氨酸、苏氨酸或酪氨酸残基上,且由此已经按照其磷酸化位点的特异性对蛋白激酶进行了分类,即丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和酪氨酸激酶。由于磷酸化是细胞内的这类遍在过程并且由于细胞表型主要受这些路径活性的影响,所以目前认为许多疾病状态和/或疾病可归因于激酶级联分子成分的异常活化或功能突变。因此,已经有大量的关注致力于表征这些蛋白质和能调控其活性的化合物(就综述而言,参见:Weinstein-Oppenheimer等,Pharma.&.Therap.,2000,88,229-279)。
S.Berthou等在Oncogene,第23卷,第31期,5387-5393页(2004)中描述了受体酪氨酸激酶Met在人瘤形成中的作用和抑制HGF(肝细胞生长因子)依赖性Met活化的可能性。其中所述的抑制剂SU11274-一种吡咯-二氢吲哚化合物-可能适合于对抗癌症。J.G.Christensen等在CancerRes.2003,63(21),7345-55中描述了另一种用于癌症治疗的Met-激酶抑制剂。H.Hov等在Clinical Cancer Research第10卷,6686-6694(2004)中报导了用于对抗癌症的另一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。化合物PHA-665752-一种吲哚衍生物-定向于HGFR受体c-Met。其中还报导了HGF和Met对各种形式的癌症例如多发性骨髓瘤的恶变过程有很大作用。
因此,需要合成特异性地抑制、调节和/或调控酪氨酸和/或丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶、特别是Met激酶的信号转导的小化合物,这是本发明的目的。
已经发现本发明的化合物及其盐具有非常有价值的药理学性质,同时具有良好的耐受性。
本发明特别涉及抑制、调节和/或调控Met激酶的信号转导的化合物、包含这些化合物的组合物和其用于在哺乳动物中治疗Met激酶-诱导的疾病和不适(complaints)的使用方法,如血管生成、癌症、肿瘤形成、生长和繁殖、动脉硬化、眼病如年龄诱发的黄斑变性、脉络膜新血管形成和糖尿病性视网膜病、炎性疾病、关节炎、血栓形成、纤维化、肾小球肾炎、神经变性、银屑病、再狭窄、伤口愈合、移植物排斥、代谢疾病和免疫系统疾病,还有自身免疫性疾病、肝硬化、糖尿病和血管疾病,还有不稳定性(instability)和渗透性(permeability)等。
可用Met激酶抑制剂治疗实体瘤,特别是快速生长的肿瘤。这些实体瘤包括单核细胞白血病、脑癌、泌尿生殖系统癌症、淋巴系统癌症、胃癌、喉癌和肺癌,包括肺腺癌和小细胞肺癌。
本发明涉及调节、调控或抑制Met激酶的用于预防和/或治疗与失调的或紊乱的Met激酶活性相关的疾病的方法。特别地,式I的化合物还可用于治疗某些形式的癌症。式I的化合物还可用于在某些现有的癌症化疗中提供相加或协同作用,和/或可用于恢复某些现有癌症化疗和放疗的功效。
式I的化合物还可用于分离和研究Met激酶的活性或表达。此外,它们特别适合用在与失调的或紊乱的Met激酶活性相关的疾病的诊断方法中。
可以证实本发明的化合物在异种移植物肿瘤模型中具有体内抗增殖作用。对具有过度增殖性疾病的患者施用本发明的化合物,例如以便抑制肿瘤生长、减轻与淋巴细胞增生性疾病相关的炎症、抑制移植物排斥或因组织修复导致的神经损害等。本发明的化合物适合于预防或治疗目的。本文所用的术语“治疗”用于指预防疾病和治疗预先存在的病症。通过在发生明显疾病前施用本发明的化合物来预防增殖,例如预防肿瘤生长、预防转移生长、减少与心血管手术相关的再狭窄等。或者,所述化合物用于通过稳定或改善患者的临床症状来治疗正在进行中的疾病。
宿主或患者可属于任何哺乳动物种类,例如灵长类,特别是人;啮齿类动物,包括小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠;兔;马;牛;狗;猫等。动物模型是实验研究所关注的,为人疾病的治疗提供模型。
可以通过体外试验测定特定细胞对用本发明的化合物进行处理的敏感性。通常,将细胞培养物与不同浓度的本发明的化合物合并足以使活性剂诱导细胞死亡或抑制迁移的一段时间,通常为约1小时至1周。可以使用来自活检样品的培养细胞进行体外测试。然后对处理后剩余的活细胞进行计数。
剂量根据所用的具体化合物、具体疾病、患者状态等的不同而改变。治疗剂量通常足以减少靶组织中不需要的细胞群,同时维持患者的生存力。治疗一般持续至出现明显的减轻,例如细胞负荷(cell burden)减少至少约50%,并且可以持续至在体内基本上不再检测到不需要的细胞。
为了鉴定信号转导路径和检测不同信号转导路径之间的相互作用,不同的科学家已经开发了合适的模型或模型系统,例如细胞培养模型(例如Khwaja等,EMBO,1997,16,2783-93)和转基因动物模型(例如White等,Oncogene,2001,20,7064-7072)。为了确定信号转导级联中的某些阶段,可以使用相互作用的化合物以便对信号进行调控(例如Stephens等,Biochemical J.,2000,351,95-105)。在动物和/或细胞培养模型中或在本申请所述的临床疾病中,本发明的化合物还可用作测试激酶依赖性信号转导路径的试剂。
测定激酶活性是本领域技术人员众所周知的技术。在文献(例如Campos-Gonzalez,R.和Glenney,Jr.,J.R.1992,J.Biol.Chem.267,第14535页)描述了使用底物例如组蛋白(例如Alessi等,FEBS Lett.1996,399,3,第333-338页)或碱性髓鞘蛋白测定激酶活性的一般试验系统。
为了鉴定激酶抑制剂,可利用各种测定系统。在闪烁亲近测定法(Sorg等,J.of.Biomolecular Screening,2002,7,11-19)和闪板测定法中,使用γATP测定作为底物的蛋白质或肽的放射性磷酸化。在抑制性化合物存在下,可检测到减少的放射性信号或根本检测不到放射性信号。此外,均匀时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(HTR-FRET)和荧光偏振(FP)技术适合用作测定方法(Sills等,J.of Biomolecular Screening,2002,191-214)。
其它非放射性ELISA测定法使用特异性磷酸-抗体(磷酸-AB)。磷酸-AB仅结合磷酸化底物。可以根据化学发光使用辣根过氧化物酶轭合的抗-绵羊第二抗体检测这种结合(Ross等,2002,Biochem.J.)。
存在许多与细胞增殖和细胞死亡(细胞凋亡)失调相关的疾病。所关注的病症包括但不限于以下。本发明的化合物适合用于治疗其中存在平滑肌细胞和/或炎性细胞增殖和/或迁移入血管内层、导致通过该血管的血流受限的多种病症,例如在新生内膜闭塞性损伤的情况中。所关注的闭塞性移植物血管疾病包括动脉粥样硬化、移植后的冠状动脉血管病、静脉移植物狭窄、吻合人造物周围再狭窄(peri-anastomatic prosthetic restenosis)、血管成形术或支架置入后再狭窄等。
现有技术
在WO 03/037349中描述了其它噻二嗪酮类化合物。
在WO 03/079973 A2中描述了用于对抗癌症的4,5-二氢吡唑类化合物。
在EP 1 411 046 A1中披露了作为Met激酶抑制剂的喹啉衍生物。
从WO 02/096361 A2中可了解作为Met激酶抑制剂的吡咯-二氢吲哚衍生物。
发明概述
本发明涉及式I化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物:
其中:
R1表示H、A、Hal、OH、OA、SH、SA、SOA、SO2A、NO2、NH2、NHA、NAA’、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NAA’、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA’、NACOA’、NASO2A’、COOH、COOA或CN;
R2表示H、A、Hal、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NAA’、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA’、NACOA’、NASO2A’、COOH、COOA或CN;
R1和R2还共同表示亚甲二氧基;
B不存在、表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3、NHCOCONA(CH2)nR3、NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3、OCONH(CH2)nR3、OCONA(CH2)nR3、NHCONH(CH2)nR3、NACONH(CH2)nR3、N(CH2)nR3、CONH(CH2)nR3、SO2NH(CH2)nR3、SO2NA(CH2)nR3、NHSO2(CH2)nR3或NASO2(CH2)nR3;
Q不存在或表示具有1-4个C原子的亚烷基;
R3表示R1,Het,或
具有1-6个C原子的烷基或具有3-8个C原子的环烷基,它们各自未被取代或被R4单-、二-、三-或四-取代;
R4表示A、Hal、OH、OA、SH、SA、SOA、SO2A、NO2、NH2、NHA、NAA’、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NAA’、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA’、NACOA’、NASO2A’、COOH、COOA或CN;
Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单-或双环饱和杂环,它可以未被取代或被R4、CHO、COA、=S、=NH、=NA和/或=O(羰基氧)单-、二-或三取代;
A,A’彼此独立地表示具有1-10个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被F、Cl和/或Br替代;
具有3-8个C原子的环烷基或
具有4-10个C原子的环烷基亚烷基;
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I;
n表示0、1、2或3。
本发明还涉及这些化合物的旋光活性形式(立体异构体)、对映体、外消旋物、非对映体以及水合物和溶剂合物。术语化合物的溶剂合物指的是惰性溶剂分子加合至化合物上,其因它们的相互吸引力而形成。溶剂合物是例如一-或二-水合物或醇合物。
术语药学上有用的衍生物指的是例如本发明化合物的盐,还指所谓的前体药物化合物。
术语前体药物衍生物指的是利用例如烷基或酰基、糖或寡肽修饰的并且在生物体内快速裂解成本发明的有效化合物的式I化合物。
它们还包括本发明化合物的生物可降解的聚合物衍生物,例如如Int.J.Pharm.115,61-67(1995)中所述。
表述“有效量”表示在组织、系统、动物或人中导致例如研究人员或医师所寻求或期望的生物学或医学反应的药剂或药学活性成分的量。
此外,表述“治疗有效量”表示与相应的未接受该量的个体相比具有如下结果的量:疾病、综合征、病症、不适、障碍或副作用的改善的治疗、愈合、预防或消除,或者还有疾病、不适或障碍的进展的减少。
表述“治疗有效量”还包括有效增加正常生理功能的量。
本发明还涉及式I化合物的混合物、例如两种非对映体的混合物、例如比例为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5、1∶10、1∶100或1∶1000的两种非对映体的混合物的用途。
这些特别优选是立体异构体化合物的混合物。
本发明涉及式I化合物及其盐和制备权利要求1-11的式I化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、盐、溶剂合物和立体异构体的方法,其特征在于:
a)将式Ia的化合物:
其中
B表示NH2;
且R1、R2和Q具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
转化成式I的化合物,其中B表示NHCONH(CH2)nR3;
该方法通过使式Ia化合物与选自下组的偶联试剂和式II化合物反应来进行:
a)氯甲酸异亚丙酯;
b)氯甲酸对-硝基苯酯;
c)双光气;
d)三光气;
式II化合物如下:
H2N(CH2)nR3 II
其中n和R3具有权利要求1中所示的含义,
或
b)将式Ia化合物酰化或磺酰化;
和/或
将式I的碱或酸转化成其盐之一。
除非另有明确说明,否则上下文中的基团R1、R2、Q和B具有针对式I所给出的含义。
A或A’表示烷基,是非支链(直链)或支链的,具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个C原子。优选表示甲基,还有乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,此外还有戊基、1-,2-或3-甲基丁基、1,1-,1,2-或2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1-,2-,3-或4-甲基戊基、1,1-,1,2-,1,3-,2,2-,2,3-或3,3-二甲基丁基、1-或2-乙基丁基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-或1,2,2-三甲基丙基,此外还优选例如三氟甲基。
非常特别优选表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6个C原子的烷基,优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲-丁基、叔-丁基、戊基、己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基或1,1,1-三氟乙基。
环烷基优选表示环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基。
环烷基亚烷基优选表示环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基、环己基甲基或环庚基甲基。
Het优选表示具有1至2个N和/或O原子的单环的饱和或芳族杂环,其可以被A和/或=O(羰基氧)单-或二-取代。
Het特别优选表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉-4-基、哌嗪基、1,3-噁唑烷-3-基或咪唑烷基,其中这些基团还可以被A单-或二取代。
R1优选表示Hal、OH或CN;特别是Cl或OH,极为特别优选4-Cl。
R2优选表示H或Hal,特别是优选H。
B优选表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3、NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3、NHCONH(CH2)nR3或NHSO2(CH2)nR3。
基团B优选在Q的间位。
Q优选表示CH2。
R3优选表示H、Het,或各自未被取代或被或被R4单-、二-、三-或四-取代的具有1-6个C原子的烷基或具有3-8个C原子的环烷基。
R3特别优选表示H、2-羟乙基、2-羟丙基、吡咯烷基、N-甲基吡咯烷基、吗啉-4-基、3-(N,N-二乙氨基)-丙基、3-(N,N-二甲氨基)丙基、甲基、乙基或丙基。
R4优选表示OH、氨基、甲氨基、二甲氨基、乙氨基或二乙氨基。
Hal优选表示F、Cl或Br,还有I,特别优选F或Cl。
在本发明的上下文中,所有出现一次以上的基团均可以相同或不同,即彼此独立。
式I化合物可以具有一个或多个手性中心,由此可以以各种立体异构体形式出现。式I包括所有这些形式。
因此,本发明特别涉及式I化合物,其中所述基团中的至少一种具有上述优选含义之一。化合物的某些优选基团可以由下列子式Ia-Ii表示,它们与式I一致,且其中未更详细指定的基团具有对式I所示的含义,但其中:
在Ia中,R1表示Hal、OH或CN。
在Ib中,R2表示H或Hal。
在Ic中,B表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3、NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3、NHCONH(CH2)nR3或NHSO2(CH2)nR3。
在Id中,Q表示CH2。
在Ie中,R3表示H,Het,或各自未被取代或被R4单-、二-、三-或四-取代的具有1-6个C原子的烷基或具有3-8个C原子的环烷基;
在If中,R4表示OH、NH2、NHA或NAA’;
在Ig中,A,A’彼此独立地表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-5个H原子可以被F和/或氯替代;
在Ih中,Het表示具有1-2个N和/或O原子的单环饱和杂环,它可以被A单-或二取代;
在Ii中,R1表示Hal、OH或CN;
R2表示H或Hal;
B表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3、NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3、NHCONH(CH2)nR3或NHSO2(CH2)nR3;
Q表示CH2;
R3表示H,Het,或各自未被取代或被R4单-、二-、三-或四-取代的具有1-6个C原子的烷基或具有3-8个C原子的环烷基;
R4表示OH、NH2、NHA或NAA’;
A,A’彼此独立地表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-5个H原子可以被F和/或氯替代;
Het表示具有1-2个N和/或O原子的单环饱和杂环,它可以未被取代或被A单-或二-取代;
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I;
n表示0、1、2或3;
及其药学上有用的衍生物、盐、溶剂合物、互变体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物。
此外,还通过如文献中(例如在标准教科书如Houben-Weyl,Methodender organischen Chemie[有机化学方法],Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart)所述的本身已知的方法、准确地在已知的且适合于所述反应的反应条件下制备式I化合物以及用于制备它们的原料。在此也可以使用在此未更详细提及的本身已知的变化形式。
式Ia和Il的原料化合物为一般公知的。然而,如果它们是新的,那么可以通过本身公知的方法制备。
其中B表示NHCONH(CH2)nR3的式I化合物优选可如下获得:使式Ia化合物与选自下组的偶联试剂和式II化合物反应:
a)氯甲酸异亚丙酯;
b)氯甲酸对-硝基苯酯;
c)双光气;
d)三光气;
该反应优选作为单罐反应进行。
该反应一般在惰性溶剂中进行。
取决于所用的条件,反应时间为几分钟至14天,反应温度为约-15°至150°,通常为-5°至90°,特别优选为20°至60℃。
合适的惰性溶剂的实例有:烃类,如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯化烃类,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正-丙醇、正-丁醇或叔丁醇;醚类,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二噁烷;乙二醇醚类,如乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮类,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺类,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈类,如乙腈;亚砜类,如二甲亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸类,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯类,如乙酸乙酯,或所述溶剂的混合物。
特别优选THF、二氯甲烷和/或DMF。
反应一般在酸结合剂、优选有机碱如DIPEA、三乙胺、二甲基苯胺、吡啶或喹啉存在下进行。
添加碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐或者碱金属或碱土金属的另一种弱酸盐(优选钾、钠、钙或铯盐)也可以是有利的。
其中B表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3或NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3的式I化合物优选可如下获得:式Ia化合物与氯甲酰基甲酸烷基酯反应,随后水解草酰胺酸烷基酯并使所得草酰胺酸与式II化合物反应。
活化酯在此处有利地原位形成,例如通过添加HOBt(羟基苯并三唑)或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺。在典型酰化反应中用于活化羧基的该类基团描述在文献中(例如标准教科书,如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischenChemie(有机化学方法),Georg-ThiemeVerlag,Stuttgart)。
该反应在碳二亚胺如例如EDCI(N-乙基-N,N′-(二甲氨基丙基)-碳二亚胺)或二环己基碳二亚胺、有机碱如例如N-甲基吗啉存在下、在如上所述的惰性溶剂中进行。
取决于所用的条件,反应时间为几分钟至14天,反应温度为约-15°至150°,通常为-5°至90°,特别优选为20°至60℃。
此外,式I化合物可通过酰化或磺酰化式Ia化合物而获得。该反应在标准条件下进行。
该反应通常在惰性溶剂中进行。
取决于所用的条件,反应时间为几分钟至14天,反应温度为约-15°至150°,通常为-5°至90°,特别优选为20°至60℃。
合适的惰性溶剂为上述那些。
反应一般在酸结合剂、优选有机碱如DIPEA、三乙胺、二甲基苯胺、吡啶或喹啉存在下进行。
添加碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐或者碱金属或碱土金属的另一种弱酸盐(优选钾、钠、钙或铯盐)也可以是有利的。药用盐和其它形式
本发明所述的化合物可以以其最终的非盐形式使用。另一方面,本发明还包括这些化合物的药学上可接受的盐形式的使用,所述药学上可接受的盐可以通过本领域已知的操作步骤由各种有机和无机酸和碱衍生得到。式I化合物的药学上可接受的盐形式大部分是通过常规方法制备的。如果式I化合物含有羧基,则其合适的盐之一可通过使该化合物与合适的碱反应从而产生相应的碱加成盐来形成。这类碱有例如碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化锂;碱土金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钡和氢氧化钙;碱金属醇盐,例如乙醇钾和丙醇钠;和各种有机碱,如哌啶、二乙醇胺和N-甲基-谷氨酰胺。也包括式I化合物的铝盐。就某些式I化合物而言,可以通过用药学上可接受的有机和无机酸处理这些化合物来形成酸加成盐,例如卤化氢,如氯化氢、溴化氢或碘化氢;其它无机酸及其相应的盐,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐或磷酸盐等;和烷基-和单芳基-磺酸盐,如乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和苯磺酸盐;和其它有机酸及其相应的盐,如乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、抗坏血酸盐等。因此,式I化合物的药学上可接受的酸加成盐包括以下盐:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、精氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐(苯基磺酸盐)、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物、氯苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、半乳糖二酸盐(得自粘酸)、半乳糖醛酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、异丁酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、偏磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、油酸盐、扑姆酸盐(palmoate)、果胶酯酸盐、过硫酸盐,苯基乙酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐,但这并不代表限于此。
此外,本发明化合物的碱盐包括铝盐、铵盐、钙盐、铜盐、铁(III)盐、铁(II)盐、锂盐、镁盐、锰(III)盐、锰(II)盐、钾盐、钠盐和锌盐,但这并不代表限于此。在上述盐中,优选铵盐;碱金属盐钠盐和钾盐,以及碱土金属盐钙盐和镁盐。衍生自药学上可接受的有机无毒碱的式I化合物的盐包括以下物质的盐:伯、仲和叔胺、被取代的胺,还包括天然存在的被取代的胺、环状胺和碱性离子交换树脂,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺(benzathine)、二环己基胺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、葡糖胺、氨基葡糖、组氨酸、哈胺(hydrabamin)、异丙胺、利多卡因、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙醇胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺和三(羟基甲基)甲基胺(氨基丁三醇),但这不代表限于此。
可以用一些物质将含有碱性含氮基团的本发明的化合物季铵化,所述物质如(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基和叔丁基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;硫酸二(C1-C4)烷基酯,例如硫酸二甲基、二乙基和二戊基酯;(C10-C18)烷基卤化物,例如癸基、十二烷基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;以及芳基(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如苄基氯和苯乙基溴。可以用该类盐来制备水溶性和油溶性的本发明的化合物。
优选的上述药用盐包括乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡甲胺、硝酸盐、油酸盐、膦酸盐、新戊酸盐、磷酸钠、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫代苹果酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和氨基丁三醇,但这并不代表限于此。
碱性式I化合物的酸加成盐是通过将游离碱形式与足够量所需的酸接触、从而以常规方式形成盐来制备的。可以通过将盐形式与碱接触并以常规方式分离出游离碱而再生游离碱。游离碱形式在某些方面与其相应的盐形式不同,例如在某些物理性质如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面;然而,对于本发明的目的而言,盐在其它方面与其各自的游离碱形式相当。
如上所述,式I化合物的药学上可接受的碱加成盐是用金属或胺如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成的。优选的金属有钠、钾、镁和钙。优选的有机胺有N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
本发明的酸性化合物的碱加成盐是通过将游离酸形式与足够量所需的碱进行接触、从而以常规方式形成盐来制备的。可以通过将盐形式与酸接触并以常规方式分离出游离酸而再生游离酸。游离酸形式在某些方面与其相应的盐形式不同,例如在某些物理性质如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面;然而,对于本发明的目的而言,盐在其它方面与其各自的游离酸形式相当。
如果本发明的化合物含有一个以上能形成这类药学上可接受的盐的基团,则本发明还包括多重盐。典型的多重盐形式包括例如酒石酸氢盐、二乙酸盐、二富马酸盐、二葡甲胺、二磷酸盐、二钠盐和三盐酸盐,但这并不代表限于此。
就上述内容而言,可以看出,本文中的表述“药学上可接受的盐”指的是包括其盐之一的形式的式I化合物的活性成分,特别是只要与活性成分的游离形式或早期使用的活性成分的任何其它盐形式相比该盐形式赋予了活性成分改进的药动学性质。活性成分的药学上可接受的盐形式也可以首次为该活性成分提供了之前其不具有的所需的药动学性质,甚至可能在其体内治疗效果方面对该活性成分的药效学具有积极影响。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体(包括其所有比例的混合物)并任选地包含赋形剂和/或辅剂的药剂。
药物制剂可以以每个剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式进行施用。该类单位可包含例如0.5mg至1g、优选1mg至700mg、特别优选5mg至100mg本发明的化合物,这取决于所治疗的病症、施用方法以及患者的年龄、体重和情况,或者药物制剂可以以每个剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式进行施用。优选的剂量单位制剂是包含上述日剂量或部分剂量或其相应分数的活性成分的那些。此外,这类药物制剂可以用药学领域广泛已知的方法来制备。
药物制剂可适用于经由任何所需的适宜方法进行的施用,例如口服(包括口含或舌下)、直肠、鼻、局部(包括口含、舌下或透皮)、阴道或胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内或真皮内)方法。该类制剂可以用药学领域中已知的所有方法来制备,例如通过将活性成分与赋形剂或辅剂合并来制备。
适于口服施用的药物制剂可以以独立单位的形式进行施用,所述的独立单位例如胶囊或片剂;粉末或颗粒;位于水性或非水性液体中的溶液或混悬液;可食用的泡沫或泡沫食物;或水包油型液体乳剂或油包水型液体乳剂。
因此,例如,就以片剂或胶囊形式口服施用而言,可以将活性成分组分与无毒的药学上可接受的口服惰性赋形剂例如乙醇、甘油、水等合并。粉末可以通过将化合物粉碎至适当细的大小并将其与以相似方式粉碎的药用赋形剂例如可食用的碳水化合物例如淀粉或甘露醇混合来制备。也可以存在矫味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和染料。
胶囊是通过如上所述制备粉末混合物并填充到成型的明胶胶囊壳中来制备的。在进行填充操作前,可以向粉末混合物中加入助流剂和润滑剂,如例如高度分散的硅酸、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或固体形式的聚乙二醇。也可以加入崩解剂或增溶剂,如例如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠以提高胶囊被使用后药物的利用度。
此外,如果需要或必要,也可以向混合物中掺入合适的粘合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂以及染料。合适的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖类如例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖、由玉米制得的甜味剂、天然和合成橡胶如例如阿拉伯胶、西黄蓍胶或藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡类等。这些剂型中所用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂非限制性地包括淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。片剂是通过例如制备粉末混合物、将该混合物制粒或干压、加入润滑剂和崩解剂并将整个混合物压成片剂来制备的。粉末混合物是通过将以适当方式粉碎的化合物与上述稀释剂或基质混合并任选地与粘合剂如例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、溶出阻滞剂如例如石蜡、吸收促进剂如例如季盐和/或吸收剂如例如膨润土、高岭土或磷酸二钙混合来制备的。可以通过用粘合剂如例如糖浆、淀粉糊、acadia胶浆或者纤维素或聚合物材料的溶液润湿并将其过筛而将粉末混合物制粒。作为制粒的一种替代选择,可以使粉末混合物通过压片机,得到形状不均匀的块状物,将其破碎从而形成颗粒。通过加入硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、滑石粉或矿物油可对颗粒进行润滑以防止粘附在片剂铸模上。然后,将被润滑的混合物压成片剂。也可以将本发明的化合物与自由流动的惰性赋形剂合并,然后在不进行制粒或干压步骤的情况下直接压成片剂。可以存在由虫胶隔离层、糖或聚合物物质层和蜡的光泽层组成的透明或不透明的保护层。可以向这些包衣中加入染料以便能区别不同的剂量单位。
口服液体如例如溶液、糖浆和酏剂可以被制备为剂量单位形式以便给定量包含预定量的化合物。糖浆可以通过将化合物溶解于具有合适矫味剂的水性溶液中来制备,而酏剂是用无毒的醇性媒介物制备的。混悬液可以通过将化合物分散于无毒媒介物中来制备。也可以加入增溶剂和乳化剂如例如乙氧基化的异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚类、防腐剂、矫味添加剂如例如薄荷油或天然甜味剂或糖精或其它人工甜味剂等。
如果需要,可以将用于口服施用的剂量单位制剂包封于微囊中。也可以以释放被延长或延缓的形式来制备制剂,如例如通过将粒状材料用聚合物、蜡等进行包衣或者将其包埋于聚合物、蜡等中来制备制剂。
式I化合物及其盐、溶剂合物和生理学功能衍生物也可以以脂质体递送系统如例如单层小囊泡、单层大囊泡和多层囊泡的形式进行施用。可以由各种磷脂如例如胆固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱来形成脂质体。
本发明的化合物以及其盐、溶剂合物和生理学功能衍生物也可以用单克隆抗体作为独立载体而被递送,其中所述化合物分子与所述单克隆抗体偶联。也可以将化合物偶联到作为靶向药物载体的可溶性聚合物上。该类聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰氨基苯酚(polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamidphenol)、聚羟乙基天冬酰氨基苯酚(polyhydroxyethylaspartamidphenol)或聚氧化乙烯聚赖氨酸,被棕榈酰基取代。还可以将化合物偶联到一类适于实现药物控释的生物可降解聚合物上,例如聚乳酸、聚-ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯类、聚缩醛类、聚二羟基吡喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯和交联或两亲性嵌段共聚物水凝胶。
适于经皮施用的药物制剂可以作为与接受者的表皮长期紧密接触的独立硬膏剂施用。因此,例如,可以用离子电渗疗法使活性化合物从硬膏剂中递送,如Pharmaceutical Research,3(6),318(1986)中的通用术语所述。
适于局部施用的药用化合物可以被配制成软膏剂、乳膏剂、混悬剂、洗剂、粉末、溶液剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂或油。
对于眼或其它外部组织例如口和皮肤的治疗,制剂优选地以局部用软膏剂或乳膏剂的形式被应用。在配制软膏剂的情况中,可以将活性化合物与石蜡或水可混溶的乳膏基质一起应用。或者,可以用水包油型乳膏基质或油包水型基质将活性化合物配制成乳膏剂。
适于局部应用于眼的药物制剂包括滴眼剂,其中活性化合物被溶解或混悬于适宜的载体、特别是水性溶剂中。
适于在口中局部应用的药物制剂包括锭剂、软锭剂和漱口剂。
适于直肠施用的药物制剂可以以栓剂或灌肠剂的形式施用。
其中载体物质是固体的适于鼻施用的药物制剂包含具有例如20-500微米粒度的粗粉末,其可以以嗅的方式施用,即经由鼻道从靠近鼻的含粉末容器中迅速吸入。以液体作为载体物质、以鼻喷雾剂或滴鼻剂施用的适宜制剂包含活性成分在水或油中的溶液。
适于通过吸入施用的药物制剂包含细颗粒粉或雾,所述细颗粒粉或雾可通过各种类型的含气雾剂的加压分配器、喷雾器或吹入器来产生。
适于阴道施用的药物制剂可以以阴道栓、卫生栓、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂的形式施用。
适于胃肠外施用的药物制剂包括:水性和非水性无菌注射溶液,其包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和溶质,由此使得制剂与被治疗接受者的血液等渗;以及水性和非水性的无菌混悬液,其可以包含混悬介质和增稠剂。制剂可以位于单剂量或多剂量容器、例如密封的安瓿和小瓶中施用,并且以冷冻干燥(冻干)状态储存,以便仅需在使用前即刻加入无菌载体液体例如注射用水即可。按照处方制备的注射溶液和混悬液可以由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。
不言而喻的是,除了上面特定提及的组份外,制剂还可以包含本领域中该特定类型制剂中常用的其它物质;因此,例如,适于口服施用的制剂可以包含矫味剂。
式I化合物的治疗有效量取决于许多因素,包括例如动物的年龄和体重、需要治疗的准确疾病情况及其严重程度、制剂的性质和施用方法,并且最终由主治医生或兽医来决定。然而,本发明化合物用于治疗肿瘤生长例如结肠或乳腺癌的有效量一般为0.1至100mg/kg接受者(哺乳动物)体重/天,特别是通常为1至10mg/kg体重/天。因此,对于体重为70kg的成年哺乳动物而言,每天的实际量通常为70至700mg,其中该量可以作为每天单次剂量或者通常以每天一系列部分剂量(如例如二、三、四、五或六个部分剂量)被施用,从而使得总日剂量相同。可以以本发明化合物本身的有效量分数来确定其盐或溶剂合物或生理学功能衍生物的有效量。可认为相似剂量适用于治疗上述其它病症。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及至少一种另外的药物活性成分的药物。
本发明还涉及由如下的单独药包组成的组合(试剂盒):
(a)有效量的式I化合物和/或其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物;
(b)有效量的另一种药物活性组分。
该组合包含合适的容器,如盒、单个瓶、袋或安瓿。该组合可以包含例如单独的安瓿,各自包含有效量式I化合物和/或其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物;和有效量的溶解或冻干形式的另一种药物活性组分。
应用
本发明的化合物适合于作为哺乳动物、尤其是人用药物活性组分,以治疗酪氨酸激酶诱导的疾病。这些疾病包括肿瘤细胞增殖、促进实体瘤生长的病理性新生血管形成(或血管生成)、眼新生血管形成(糖尿病性视网膜病、年龄诱导的黄斑变性等)和炎症(银屑病、类风湿性关节炎等)。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂合物在制备用于治疗或预防癌症的药剂中的应用。优选治疗的癌症来源于脑癌、泌尿生殖道癌、淋巴系统癌、胃癌、喉癌和肺癌。另一组优选形式的癌症为单核细胞性白血病、肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤和乳腺癌。
还包括本发明式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂合物在制备用于治疗或预防其中涉及血管生成的疾病的药剂中的应用。
这类其中涉及血管生成的疾病为眼病,如视网膜血管化、糖尿病性视网膜病、年龄诱导的黄斑变性等。
式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂合物在制备用于治疗或预防炎性疾病的药剂中的应用也属于本发明的范围。这类炎性疾病的实例包括类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、接触性皮炎、迟发型超敏反应等。
还包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂合物在制备用于治疗或预防哺乳动物酪氨酸激酶诱导的疾病或酪氨酸激酶诱导的病症的药剂中的应用,其中就该方法而言,对有这类治疗需要的患病哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物。治疗量根据具体疾病而改变,可以由本领域技术人员不经过度尝试确定。
本发明还包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂合物在制备用于治疗或预防视网膜血管化的药剂中的应用。
用于治疗或预防眼病如糖尿病性视网膜病和年龄诱导的黄斑变性的方法同样为本发明的组成部分。治疗或预防炎性疾病如类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、接触性皮炎和迟发型超敏反应的应用以及治疗或预防来自骨肉瘤、骨关节炎和佝偻病的骨病的应用同样属于本发明的范围。
表述“酪氨酸激酶诱导的疾病或病症”指的是依赖于一种或多种酪氨酸激酶活性的病理情况。酪氨酸激酶直接或间接参与各种细胞活动的信号转导路径,包括增殖、粘着和迁移以及分化。与酪氨酸激酶活性相关的疾病包括肿瘤细胞增殖、促进实体瘤生长的病理性新生血管形成(或血管生成)、眼新生血管形成(糖尿病性视网膜病、年龄诱导的黄斑变性等)和炎症(银屑病、类风湿性关节炎等)。
式I化合物可以施用于患者以便治疗癌症,特别是快速生长的肿瘤。
本发明由此涉及式I化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备用于治疗其中抑制、调节和/或调制激酶信号转导起作用的疾病的药剂中的应用。
本文优选涉及Met激酶。
优选式I化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备用于治疗受到权利要求1的化合物抑制酪氨酸激酶影响的疾病的药剂中的应用。
特别优选制备用于治疗受到权利要求1的化合物抑制Met激酶影响的疾病的药剂的应用。
尤其优选治疗疾病的应用,其中所述疾病为实体瘤。
实体瘤优选选自肺、鳞状上皮、膀胱、胃、肾、头颈、食道、宫颈、甲状腺、肠、肝、脑、前列腺、生殖泌尿道、淋巴系统、胃和/或喉的肿瘤。
实体瘤还优选选自肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、结肠癌和乳腺癌。
还优选治疗血液和免疫系统肿瘤的用途,优选治疗选自急性髓性白血病、慢性髓样白血病、急性淋巴性白血病和/或慢性淋巴性白血病的肿瘤。
可以将所公开的式I化合物与其它已知治疗剂、包括抗癌药联用。
本文所用的术语“抗癌药”涉及施用于癌症患者、旨在治疗癌症的任意活性剂。
本文定义的抗癌疗法可以作为单一疗法施用,或除本发明的化合物外,还可以包括常规的手术或放疗或化疗。这类化疗可以包括如下类别抗肿瘤药中的一种或多种:
(i)用于医学肿瘤学的抗增殖/抗肿瘤/DNA-损伤剂及其组合,如烷化剂(例如顺铂、卡铂、环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安和亚硝基脲);抗代谢物(例如抗叶酸剂,如氟嘧啶类如5-氟脲嘧啶和替加氟、雷替曲塞、甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷、羟基脲和吉西他滨);抗肿瘤抗生素(例如蒽环类抗生素,如阿霉素、博来霉素、多柔比星、道诺霉素、表柔比星、伊达比星、丝裂霉素-C、放线菌素D和光辉霉素);抗有丝分裂剂(例如长春花生物碱,如长春新碱、长春碱、长春地辛和长春瑞滨和紫杉烷类如泰素(taxol)和泰素帝(taxotere));拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如表鬼臼毒素如依托泊苷和替尼泊苷、安吖啶、托泊替康、伊立替康和喜树碱)和细胞分化剂(例如全反式视黄酸、13-顺式-视黄酸和芬维a胺);
(ii)细胞抑制剂,如抗雌激素药(例如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬(toremifene)、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)和iodoxyfene)、雌激素受体减量调节剂(例如氟维司群)、抗雄激素药(例如比卡鲁胺、氟他胺、尼鲁米特和醋酸环丙孕酮)、LHRH拮抗剂或LHRH激动剂(例如戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、亮丙瑞林(leuprorelin)和布舍瑞林(buserelin))、孕酮类(例如醋酸甲地孕酮)、芳香酶抑制剂(例如阿那曲唑、来曲唑、Vorazole和依西美坦)和5α-还原酶抑制剂如非那雄胺;
(iii)抑制癌细胞侵入的活性剂(例如金属蛋白酶抑制剂如马马司他和尿激酶-纤溶酶原激活物-受体-功能抑制剂);
(iv)生长因子功能抑制剂,例如这类抑制剂包括生长因子抗体、生长因子受体抗体(例如抗-erbb2-抗体曲妥珠单抗[HerceptinTM]和抗-erbb1-抗体西妥昔单抗[C225])、法尼基转移酶抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如表皮生长因子家族抑制剂(例如EGFR家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,如N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-甲氧基-6-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(吉非替尼,AZD1839)、N-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(厄洛替尼(erlotinib),OSI-774)和6-丙烯酰氨基-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(Cl 1033));例如血小板衍生生长因子家族抑制剂和例如肝细胞生长因子家族抑制剂;
(v)抗血管生成剂,如抑制血管内皮生长因子的那些(例如抗血管内皮细胞生长因子抗体贝伐珠单抗[AvastinTM]、如披露在公布的国际专利申请WO 97/22596、WO 97/30035、WO 97/32856和WO 98/13354中的那些化合物)和通过其它机制起作用的化合物(例如利诺胺、整联蛋白-αvβ3功能抑制剂和血管生成抑制素(angiostatin));
(vi)血管损伤剂,如考布他汀(combretastatin)A4和披露在国际专利申请WO 99/02166、WO 00/40529、WO 00/41669、WO 01/92224、WO02/04434和WO 02/08213中的化合物;
(vii)反义疗法,例如涉及上述靶标的那些,如ISIS 2503、抗-Ras反义物;
(viii)基因疗法手段,包括例如替代异常基因如异常p53或异常BRCA1或BRCA2的手段;GDEPT(基因定向的酶前体药物疗法)手段,如使用胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胸苷激酶或细菌硝基还原酶的那些;和增加患者对化疗或放疗耐受性的手段,如多药抗药性基因疗法;和
(ix)免疫疗法手段,包括例如增加患者肿瘤细胞免疫原性的离体和体内手段,如使用细胞因子如白细胞介素2、白细胞介素4或粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子转染;减少T-细胞无反应性的手段;使用转染的免疫细胞如细胞因子转染的树突细胞的手段;使用细胞原子转染的肿瘤细胞系的手段;和使用抗特应抗体的手段。
来自下表1的药物优选但非排他性地与式I化合物联用。
该类联合治疗可以借助于同时、连续或单独配置治疗中的各成分来实现。这种类型的组合产品使用根据本发明的化合物。
测定法
通过下文所述的测定法测试实施例中所述的式I化合物,发现它们具有激酶抑制活性。其它测定法由文献已知,且可容易地由本领域技术人员进行(例如参见Dhanabal等,Cancer Res.59:189-197;Xin等,J.Biol.Chem.274:9116-9121;Sheu等,Anticancer Res.18:4435-4441;Ausprunk等,Dev.Biol.38:237-248;Gimbrone等,J.Natl.Cancer Inst.52:413-427;Nicosia等,In Vitro 18:538-549)。
Met激酶活性的测定
根据制造商的数据(Met,活性,Upstate,目录号14-526),表达Met激酶,目的在于昆虫细胞中生成蛋白质(Sf21;草地夜蛾(S.frugiperda)),随后以杆状病毒表达载体中的“N-末端6His-标记的”重组人蛋白质形式进行亲和色谱纯化。
可以使用各种可利用的测定系统测定激酶活性。在闪烁亲近测定法(Sorg等,J.of.Biomolecular Screening,2002,7,11-19)、闪板法或过滤结合试验中,使用放射性标记的ATP(32P-ATP,33P-ATP)测定作为底物的蛋白质或肽的放射性磷酸化。在存在抑制性化合物的情况下,可以检测到减少的放射性信号或完全没有信号。此外,均匀时间分辨共振能量转移(HTR-FRET)和荧光偏振(FP)技术可以用作测定方法(Sills等,J.ofBiomolecular Screening,2002,191-214)。
其它非放射性ELISA测定方法使用特异性磷酸-抗体(Phospho-AB)。该磷酸-抗体仅结合磷酸化底物。可以根据化学发光、使用过氧化物酶缀合的二级抗体检测这种结合(Ross等,2002,Biochem.J.)。
闪板法(Met激酶)
所用的测试平板为来自Perkin Eimer(Cat.No.SMP200)的96-孔FlashplateR微量培养板。将下述激酶反应成分吸移入测定平板。将Met激酶和底物聚Ala-Glu-Lys-Tyr(pAGLT,6∶2∶5∶1)在室温与放射性标记的33P-ATP在有和没有测试物质存在下、在100μl总体积中孵育3小时。使用150μl 60mM EDTA溶液终止反应。在室温进一步孵育30分钟后,抽吸过滤上清液,每次用200μl 0.9%NaCl溶液将各孔洗涤三次。用闪烁测定仪(Topcount NXT,Fa.Perkin-Elmer)测定所结合的放射性。
所用的完整值为不含抑制剂的激酶反应。它应大约在6000-9000cpm范围。所用的药理学零值为0.1mM终浓度的星形孢菌素。使用RS1_MTS程序测定抑制值(IC50)。
每个孔中的激酶反应条件:
30μl测定缓冲液
10μl含待测底物的含有10%DMSO的测定缓冲液
10μl ATP(终浓度1μM冷,0,35μCi 33P-ATP)
50μl含Met激酶/底物混合物的测定缓冲液;
(10ng酶/孔,50ng pAGLT/孔)
所用的溶液:
-测定缓冲液:
50mM HEPES
3mM氯化镁
3μM正钒酸钠
3mM氯化锰(II)
1mM二硫苏糖醇(DTT)
pH=7.5(使用氢氧化钠设定)
-终止溶液:
60mM Titriplex III(EDTA)
-33P-ATP:Perkin-Elmer;
-Met激酶:Upstate,Cat.-No.14-526,储备溶液1μg/10μl;比活性954U/mg;
-Poly-Ala-Glu-Lys-Tyr,6∶2∶5∶1:Sigma Cat.-No.P1152
在上下文中,所有温度均以℃表示。在下列实施例中,“常规的后处理”指的是:如果必要,加入水;如果必要,将pH调整至2-10,取决于终产物的构成,用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取混合物,分离各相,用硫酸钠干燥有机相,蒸发,通过硅胶色谱法和/或通过结晶纯化残余物。硅胶上的Rf;洗脱液:乙酸乙酯/甲醇9∶1。
质谱(MS):EI(电子碰撞离子化)M+
FAB(快速原子轰击)(M+H)+
ESI(电喷射离子化)(M+H)+
APCI-MS(大气压化学电离-质谱)(M+H)+。
保留时间RT[min]:通过HPLC测定
柱:ChromolithPerformance RP-18e(Merck KGaA,Cat.1.02129.0001)
洗脱液:
洗脱液A:0.1M NaH2PO4水溶液
洗脱液B:乙腈+10%水
流速:4ml/分钟
梯度:
0分钟1%B
1分钟1%B
7分钟99%B
8分钟99%B
波长(检测):220nm
实施例1
按照与下列方案类似的方式制备1-{3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2-氧代-6H-1,3,4-噻二嗪-3-基甲基]-苯基}-3-(1-甲基吡咯烷-3-基甲基)脲(″A1″):
a)
如果必需的卤代乙酰苯无法商购,那么它们可以按照与下列合成操作类似的方式制备:
在安装有磁搅拌器、冷凝器、温度计、等压滴液漏斗和干燥管的250ml三颈烧瓶中将5.57g 3,4-二甲氧基乙酰苯溶于60ml乙醚和30ml 1,4-二噁烷,在RT、搅拌下滴加1.54ml溴,在此期间仅短时后就形成沉淀。将该混合物在RT再搅拌1小时,在此期间沉淀再溶解,将温度升高约3℃,淡黄色澄清溶液形成。将其倾入冰,充分搅拌,抽吸滤出在各相之间形成的沉淀。将其用水、然后用少量MTB醚洗涤,干燥(=K1)。用MTB醚萃取母液,干燥,过滤,蒸发至干。将残余物用少量MTB醚研磨,抽吸滤出,干燥(=K2)。合并K1和K2,得到2′-溴-4-氯-乙酰苯,m.p.91-92℃;产率:5.88g(76%)。
b)
在搅拌下将8.09ml氢氧化缓慢滴加到25.65g O-乙基二硫代碳酸钾在24ml水中的溶液中,将该混合物在室温再搅拌6小时。将混合物在室温放置16小时,然后加入12ml水,用乙醚萃取该混合物。干燥合并的醚相,过滤,蒸发至干,得到16.4g肼硫羰酸乙酯。
c)
将5.17g肼硫羰酸乙酯(43mmol)加入到10.04g 2′-溴-4-氯乙酰苯(43mmol)在40ml乙腈中的溶液中,将该混合物在RT搅拌3小时,在此期间逐步形成沉淀。抽吸过滤该反应混合物,用少量乙腈洗涤、然后用乙醚洗涤,干燥,得到6.59g(68%)5-(4-氯苯基)-3,6-二氢-1,3,4-噻二嗪-2-酮。
d)
将4.19g 3-硝基苄基溴和9.95g碳酸钾加入到4.00g 5-(4-氯苯基)-3,6-二氢-1,3,4--噻二嗪-2-酮在80ml乙腈中的溶液中,将该混合物在80℃再搅拌2小时。将该混合物倾入水中,用乙醚萃取2次,干燥,过滤,蒸发至干。将少量乙醚加入到残余物中,使其结晶,在50℃的真空干燥箱内干燥,得到5.5g(86%)5-(4-氯苯基)-3-(3-硝基苄基)-3,6-二氢-1,3,4-噻二嗪-2-酮。
e)
将5.47g 5-(4-氯苯基)-3-(3-硝基苄基)-3,6-二氢-1,3,4-噻二嗪-2-酮溶于100ml THF,随后加入1.3g阮内镍。随后通氢气,直到不再检测到原料。后处理时,滤出催化剂,用THF洗涤,将滤液蒸发至干,从二氯甲烷/乙醚中重结晶,得到4.6g(94%)3-(3-氨基-苄基)-5-(4-氯-苯基)-3,6-二氢-1,3,4-噻二嗪-2-酮。
f)
在多搅拌器容器中将200mg(0.603mmol)3-(3-氨基-苄基)-5-(4-氯-苯基)-3,6-二氢-1,3,4-噻二嗪-2-酮、121mg(0.603mmol)氯甲酸4-硝基苯基酯和50μl吡啶(0.6mmol)溶于2ml二氯甲烷,随后在室温搅拌40分钟。随后加入104mg(0.904mmol)C-(1-甲基-吡咯烷-3-基)-甲胺和230μl二异丙基乙胺在1ml二氯甲烷中的溶液,将该反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时。后处理时,用20ml二氯甲烷稀释该混合物,用10ml 1N NaOH洗涤有机相,用硫酸钠干燥,在旋转蒸发器中蒸发至干。通过色谱法进行纯化(约10g硅胶Si 60,25-40μm,梯度(二氯甲烷/甲醇):30分钟10-60%MeOH/15ml/分钟)。将产物级分蒸发至干,从二氯甲烷/乙醚中结晶。产率:67mg(24%)(″A1″),m.p.105-107℃;RT 4,45分钟;
1H NMR(250MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.453(S,1H),7.859(D,2H),7.550(D,2H),7.406(S,1H),7.308(D,1H),7.180(T,1H),6.872(D,1H),6.203(T,1H),4.976(S,2H),4.331(S12H),3.053(T,2H),2.493(M,2H),2.422(M,2H),2.238(M,2H),2.238(S,3H),1.862(M,1H),1.408(M,1H)。
按照类似方式获得下列化合物。
实施例2
按照与下列方案类似的方式进行N-{3-[5-(4-氯-苯基)-2-氧代-6H-1,3,4-噻二嗪-3-基甲基]-苯基}-N’-(2-二甲氨基-乙基)-草酸酰胺(″A7″)的制备:
2.1
在8ml多搅拌器容器中将400mg(1.205mmol)3-(3-氨基-苄基)-5-(4-氯-苯基)-3,6-二氢-1,3,4-噻二嗪-2-酮(来自实施例1e)和126μl(1.567mmol)吡啶溶于5ml二氯甲烷,随后在RT加入147μl(1.325mmol)氯甲酰基甲酸乙酯。当添加完成时,将该混合物再搅拌15分钟。后处理时,用20ml二氯甲烷稀释该反应混合物,随后用10ml 1N HCl水溶液洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,在旋转蒸发器中蒸发至干。使残余物从甲醇/乙醚中结晶。产率445mg(85%)N-{3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2-氧代-6H-1,3,4-噻二嗪-3-基甲基]-苯基}-草酰胺酸乙酯(″A9″),RT 5.68。
2.2
将400mg(0.926mmol)N-{3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2-氧代-6H-1,3,4-噻二嗪-3-基甲基]-苯基}-草酰胺酸乙酯溶于4ml甲醇,随后加入47mg(1.111mmol)LiOH x H2O。将反应混合物在室温搅拌30分钟。后处理时,用30ml二氯甲烷稀释该反应混合物,随后用10ml 1N HCl水溶液洗涤。在该操作过程中,在分液漏斗沉淀出产物。抽吸滤出沉淀,与乙醚一起研磨,在50℃干燥箱内干燥。产率319mg(85%)的N-{3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2-氧代-6H-1,3,4-噻二嗪-3-基甲基]苯基}草酰胺酸(″A8″),RT 4.27。
2.3
在8ml多搅拌器容器中将120mg(0.297mmol)N-{3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2-氧代-6H-1,3,4-噻二嗪-3-基甲基]苯基}草酰胺酸、27mg(0.3mmol)N,N-二甲基乙二胺、115mg EDCI(0.6mmol)、41mg(0.3mmol)羟基苯并三唑和61mg(0.6mmol)N-甲基吗啉溶于1ml二甲基甲酰胺,在室温搅拌过夜。通过RP-HPLC(乙腈/H2O/0.1%TFA:梯度1-60%B)纯化该反应混合物。产率:45mg(32%)N-{3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2-氧代-6H-1,3,4-噻二嗪-3-基甲基]苯基}-N′-(2-二甲氨基-乙基)-草酸酰胺(三氟乙酸盐)(″A7″)。
实施例3
使
″A13″:
按照类似方式获得化合物″A14″:
药理学数据
Met激酶抑制
表1
化合物编号 | IC50(酶) |
″A1″ | A |
″A2″ | A |
″A3″ | A |
″A4″ | A |
″A5″ | A |
″A9″ | A |
″A10″ | A |
″A12″ | A |
IC50:10nM-1μM=A
1μM-10μM=B
>10mM=C
下列实施例涉及药剂:
实施例A:注射剂小瓶
使用2N盐酸将100g式I的活性组分和5g磷酸氢二钠在3l重蒸馏水中的溶液调整至pH 6.5,无菌过滤,转入注射剂小瓶,在无菌条件下冻干,在无菌条件下密封。每支注射剂小瓶包含5mg活性组分。
实施例B:栓剂
将20g式I的活性组分与100g大豆卵磷脂和1400g可可脂的混合物熔化,倾入塑模,使其冷却。每个栓剂包含20mg活性组分。
实施例C:溶液
由1g式I的活性组分、9.38g NaH2PO4·2H2O、28.48g Na2HPO4·12H2O和0.1g苯扎氯铵在940ml重蒸馏水中制备溶液。将pH调整至6.8,将该溶液补足至1l,通过照射灭菌。该溶液可以以滴眼液形式使用。
实施例D:软膏剂
将500mg式I的活性组分与99.5g凡士林在无菌条件下混合。
实施例E:片剂
按照常规方式将1kg式I的活性组分、4kg乳糖、1.2kg马铃薯淀粉、0.2kg滑石粉和0.1kg硬脂酸镁的混合物压制成片剂,使得每片包含10mg活性组分。
实施例F:糖衣丸
按照与实施例E类似的方式压制片剂,随后按照常规方式用蔗糖、马铃薯淀粉、滑石粉、黄蓍胶和染料的包衣层包衣。
实施例G:胶囊
按照常规方式将2kg式I的活性组分导入硬明胶胶囊,使得每粒胶囊包含20mg活性组分。
实施例H:安瓿
将1kg式I的活性组分在60l重蒸馏水中的溶液无菌过滤,转入安瓿,在无菌条件下冻干,在无菌条件下密封。每支安瓿包含10mg活性组分。
Claims (24)
1.式I的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物:
其中:
R1表示H、A、Hal、OH、OA、SH、SA、SOA、SO2A、NO2、NH2、NHA、NAA’、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NAA’、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA’、NACOA’、NASO2A’、COOH、COOA或CN;
R2表示H、A、Hal、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NAA’、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA’、NACOA’、NASO2A’、COOH、COOA或CN;
R1和R2还共同表示亚甲二氧基;
B不存在、表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3、NHCOCONA(CH2)nR3、NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3、OCONH(CH2)nR3、OCONA(CH2)nR3、NHCONH(CH2)nR3、NACONH(CH2)nR3、N(CH2)nR3、CONH(CH2)nR3、SO2NH(CH2)nR3、SO2NA(CH2)nR3、NHSO2(CH2)nR3或NASO2(CH2)nR3;
Q不存在或表示具有1-4个C原子的亚烷基;
R3表示R1,Het,或
具有1-6个C原子的烷基或具有3-8个C原子的环烷基,它们各自未被取代或被R4单-、二-、三-或四-取代;
R4表示A、Hal、OH、OA、SH、SA、SOA、SO2A、NO2、NH2、NHA、NAA’、SO2NH2、SO2NHA、SO2NAA’、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA’、NACOA’、NASO2A’、COOH、COOA或CN;
Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单-或双环饱和杂环,它可以未被取代或被R4、CHO、COA、=S、=NH、=NA和/或=O(羰基氧)单-、二-或三取代;
A,A’彼此独立地表示具有1-10个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被F、Cl和/或Br替代;
具有3-8个C原子的环烷基或
具有4-10个C原子的环烷基亚烷基;
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I;
n表示0、1、2或3。
2.权利要求1的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中R1表示Hal、OH或CN。
3.权利要求1或2的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中R2表示H或Hal。
4.权利要求1-3中一项或多项的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中B表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3、NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3、NHCONH(CH2)nR3或NHSO2(CH2)nR3。
5.权利要求1-4中一项或多项的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中Q表示CH2。
6.权利要求1-5中一项或多项的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中R3表示H、Het,或各自未被取代或被R4单-、二-、三-或四-取代的具有1-6个C原子的烷基或具有3-8个C原子的环烷基。
7.权利要求1-6中一项或多项的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中R4表示OH、NH2、NHA或NAA’。
8.权利要求1-7中一项或多项的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中A、A’彼此独立地表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-5个H原子可以被F和/或氯替代。
9.权利要求1-8中一项或多项的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中Het表示具有1-2个N和/或O原子的单环饱和杂环,它可以未被取代或被A单-或二-取代。
10.权利要求1-9中一项或多项的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐、互变体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,其中:
R1表示Hal、OH或CN;
R2表示H或Hal;
B表示NHCOCONH(CH2)nR3、NHCOCOO(CH2)nR3、NHCONH(CH2)nR3或NHSO2(CH2)nR3;
Q表示CH2;
R3表示H、Het,或
具有1-6个C原子的烷基或具有3-8个C原子的环烷基,它们各自未被取代或被R4单-、二-、三-或四-取代;
R4表示OH、NH2、NHA或NAA’;
A,A’彼此独立地表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-5个H原子可以被F和/或氯替代;
Het表示具有1-2个N和/或O原子的单环饱和杂环,它可以未被取代或被A单-或二-取代;
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I;
n表示0、1、2或3。
13.药剂,包含至少一种权利要求1-11的式I化合物和/或其药学上有用的衍生物、盐、溶剂合物、互变体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物和任选的赋形剂和/或佐剂。
14.权利要求1-11的化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、盐、溶剂合物、互变体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备用于治疗其中抑制、调节和/或调制激酶信号传导起作用的疾病的药剂中的应用。
15.根据权利要求14的权利要求1-11化合物及其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备用于治疗通过权利要求1-11的化合物抑制酪氨酸激酶而受到影响的疾病的药剂中的应用。
16.权利要求14的应用,用于制备用于治疗通过权利要求1-11的化合物抑制Met激酶而受到影响的疾病的药剂。
17.权利要求15或16的应用,其中所治疗的疾病为实体瘤。
18.权利要求17的应用,其中所述实体瘤来源于鳞状上皮、膀胱、胃、肾、头颈、食道、宫颈、甲状腺、肠、肝、脑、前列腺、生殖泌尿道、淋巴系统、胃、喉和/或肺的肿瘤。
19.权利要求17的应用,其中所述实体瘤来源于单核细胞性白血病、肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤和乳腺癌。
20.权利要求18的应用,其中所述实体瘤来源于肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤、结肠癌和乳腺癌。
21.权利要求15或16的应用,其中所治疗的疾病为血液和免疫系统肿瘤。
22.权利要求21的应用,其中所述肿瘤来源于急性髓性白血病、慢性髓样白血病、急性淋巴性白血病和/或慢性淋巴性白血病。
23.药剂,包含至少一种权利要求1-11中一项或多项的式I化合物和/或其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物和至少一种额外的药物活性组分。
24.组合(试剂盒),由如下单独的药包组成:
(a)有效量的权利要求1-11中一项或多项的式I化合物和/或其药学上有用的衍生物、溶剂合物、盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物;和
(b)有效量的另一种药物活性组分。
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WO2003037349A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-08 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors and uses thereof |
DE102005055354A1 (de) * | 2005-11-21 | 2007-10-31 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Substituierte 5-Phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2-oxo-6H-[1,3,4]thiadiazine |
-
2005
- 2005-11-21 DE DE102005055355A patent/DE102005055355A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2006
- 2006-10-25 AT AT06818286T patent/ATE518848T1/de active
- 2006-10-25 CA CA2630203A patent/CA2630203C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-25 CN CNA2006800434593A patent/CN101312958A/zh active Pending
- 2006-10-25 EA EA200801366A patent/EA015253B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-10-25 WO PCT/EP2006/010286 patent/WO2007057093A1/de active Application Filing
- 2006-10-25 KR KR1020087015159A patent/KR101424826B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-25 SI SI200631095T patent/SI1963295T1/sl unknown
- 2006-10-25 BR BRPI0618822-2A patent/BRPI0618822A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2006-10-25 JP JP2008540480A patent/JP5227179B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-25 PT PT06818286T patent/PT1963295E/pt unknown
- 2006-10-25 ES ES06818286T patent/ES2367586T3/es active Active
- 2006-10-25 DK DK06818286.4T patent/DK1963295T3/da active
- 2006-10-25 EP EP06818286A patent/EP1963295B1/de active Active
- 2006-10-25 US US12/094,544 patent/US7534785B2/en active Active
- 2006-10-25 PL PL06818286T patent/PL1963295T3/pl unknown
- 2006-10-25 AU AU2006314874A patent/AU2006314874B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-11-17 AR ARP060105046A patent/AR057899A1/es active IP Right Grant
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2008
- 2008-05-12 IL IL191361A patent/IL191361A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-20 ZA ZA200805404A patent/ZA200805404B/xx unknown
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111454232A (zh) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-07-28 | 南方医科大学 | 一种1,3,4-噻二嗪类化合物及其应用 |
CN111454232B (zh) * | 2020-05-30 | 2021-11-23 | 南方医科大学 | 一种1,3,4-噻二嗪类化合物及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR057899A1 (es) | 2007-12-26 |
AU2006314874B2 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
ES2367586T3 (es) | 2011-11-04 |
SI1963295T1 (sl) | 2011-09-30 |
ZA200805404B (en) | 2009-11-25 |
WO2007057093A1 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
DE102005055355A1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
AU2006314874A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
EP1963295B1 (de) | 2011-08-03 |
BRPI0618822A2 (pt) | 2011-09-13 |
US7534785B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
DK1963295T3 (da) | 2011-09-26 |
CA2630203C (en) | 2015-01-27 |
JP2009516658A (ja) | 2009-04-23 |
EA015253B1 (ru) | 2011-06-30 |
KR101424826B1 (ko) | 2014-08-01 |
JP5227179B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
IL191361A (en) | 2013-11-28 |
KR20080070768A (ko) | 2008-07-30 |
EA200801366A1 (ru) | 2008-10-30 |
US20080306052A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
CY1112235T1 (el) | 2015-12-09 |
ATE518848T1 (de) | 2011-08-15 |
PT1963295E (pt) | 2011-11-15 |
PL1963295T3 (pl) | 2011-11-30 |
EP1963295A1 (de) | 2008-09-03 |
CA2630203A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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