CN103068377A - 透皮施用美金刚 - Google Patents
透皮施用美金刚 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103068377A CN103068377A CN2011800299906A CN201180029990A CN103068377A CN 103068377 A CN103068377 A CN 103068377A CN 2011800299906 A CN2011800299906 A CN 2011800299906A CN 201180029990 A CN201180029990 A CN 201180029990A CN 103068377 A CN103068377 A CN 103068377A
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- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940032094 squalane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940031439 squalene Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O BORJONZPSTVSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及透皮治疗系统(TTS),其包含NMDA受体拮抗剂美金刚或其生理相容性盐作为活性物质。所述TTS可制备并用于治疗中枢神经系统疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及透皮治疗系统(TTS),其包含作为活性物质的NMDA受体拮抗剂美金刚或其生理相容性盐的一种。所述透皮治疗系统可制备并用于治疗中枢神经系统的疾病。
根据先有技术,中枢神经系统的疾病,特别是轻度至中度形式的阿尔茨海默型痴呆病,通过乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(例如多奈哌齐)治疗。对于中度至重度阿尔茨海默病的治疗使用NMDA受体拮抗剂。
阿尔茨海默病的产生是由在皮质或脑区域中具有细胞创伤的神经变性进程引起的。胆碱能神经包括其投射区特别受影响。在该疾病的早期,谷氨酸能系统被破坏。结果是过量的钙流入神经元,长期可导致神经变性。作为最重要的谷氨酸能突触,NMDA复合体在此具有中心作用。通过选择性拮抗剂抑制该复合体可保护神经元区域免于兴奋性损伤。
阿尔茨海默病的迹象是严重扩大的脑室,显微镜可查的斑块,和神经纤维缠结。临床现象通常表征为记忆力降低以及在人格和智力方面的逐渐消退。在此方面,阿尔茨海默病的治疗目的是减缓个体痛苦并因此对抗社会性隔离。目前没有可用的治愈性疗法。在此方面,希望的是适当延缓通常进展很快的痴呆的发展。缓解性疗法具有以下目的:改善认知功能,最小化显著的神经学行为模式,延缓疾病的进程,和防止癫痫。
技术背景
根据先有技术,已知的是NMDA受体拮抗剂作为神经保护剂是适宜的,其防止谷氨酸对NMDA受体的损害性作用。NMDA受体拮抗剂包括例如物质如MK 801、右美沙芬、氯胺酮、美金刚、金刚烷胺、右啡烷、非尔氨酯、阿坎酸、MRZ 2/579、苯环利定、阿替加奈,在此这些物质既可以是单一物质也可以是混合物或它们的生理相容性盐,例如盐酸盐、柠檬酸酯、马来酸盐等。
已知NMDA受体拮抗剂的使用是受到限制的,特别是由于拟心理改变副作用的原因;就此至今它们没有被广泛使用。在阿尔茨海默病患者的治疗中特别重要的是NMDA受体拮抗剂美金刚(3,5-二甲基-9-氨基金刚烷)或其盐酸盐。美金刚被批准用于中度至重度阿尔茨海默病的治疗。该药物在德国可以名称Axura获得。该药物以用于摄入的滴剂口服形式或者作为膜片剂提供。该药物的施用必须只有在看护人的监督下进行,并且活性物质的剂量必须在数周内逐步提高以便最小化特别是被描述于中度至重度阿尔茨海默病的副作用,例如尤其是幻觉、意识错乱、头晕、头痛和疲乏。在起始阶段后,该给药方法必须还严格地早上一次、下午一次施用(滴剂),或者在使用膜片剂时,也在每天相同的时间施用。
由于这种严格的治疗模式和由此相关的看护导致看护这些患者的高费力程度或较高治疗费的不利状况。
由于这些所述的缺点,存在对克服这些缺点的新颖治疗系统的需求,特别是这样的系统,其能降低对患者看护的费力程度。
根据先有技术,已知的是NMDA受体拮抗剂可任选地与用于治疗局痛的局部施用形式的镇痛药联合使用(WO 00/03716;WO 03/015699;US 2002/0016319,US 6,194,000)。US 2004/0102525,US2003/0139698,和WO 04/009062还公开了NMDA受体拮抗剂的施用。WO 04/106275公开了NMDA受体拮抗剂的特定盐类。
然而,先有技术的所述施用形式对于在局部施用后建立能实现足够持续时间、足够药理学效果的NMDA受体拮抗剂全身性血浆浓度是不适合的,或仅有限程度地适合。关于皮肤通透性,所述先有技术没有公开实验数据。
然而,在中枢神经系统的疾病的预防或治疗中,特别希望的恰恰是能在相对长的期间(例如12小时、24小时,或更长)内维持药物有效血浆浓度的施用形式,至少因为,在这种情况下,看护人员看护患者的费力程度可能会降低。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供用于治疗或预防中枢神经系统疾病特别是痴呆,优选阿尔茨海默病的剂型,其优于先有技术的施用形式。
优点可表现为可使用性、剂量、和/或耐受性。尽可能地,所述剂型应当保证在一次性施用中较长时间的活性物质的药物有效血浆浓度,例如至少12小时,优选至少24小时,或甚至数天,从而较少频率地(例如每天仅一次)需要看护人员重新施用并由此重新监督。
该目的通过权利要求书的主题实现。
令人惊奇地发现,可制备适于透皮施用美金刚的透皮治疗系统,其可能实现施用例如至少12小时或,例如更长的期间,例如至少24小时,并在该期间内能保持美金刚的药物有效血浆浓度。
本发明涉及以自由碱或生理相容性盐或前药的形式施用活性物质美金刚的透皮治疗系统(TTS),其中所述TTS具有
-活性物质不通透的背衬层;
-至少一个活性物质含有层,其包含引入了活性物质的存储材料;
-任选地具有保护箔;
-至少24小时的tmax;
且其中分别连续或交错地,优选重复地,施用一个或多个所述透皮治疗系统,施用期间彼此独立地持续至少12小时,优选经至少300小时的总期间施用于需要治疗的个体,分别从第一个施用开始计,在所述个体的血浆中达到以下活性物质浓度:
24小时后,至少14ng/ml,优选至少16.2ng/ml,
48小时后,至少27ng/ml,优选至少29.2ng/ml,
60小时后,至少32ng/ml,优选至少34.5ng/ml,
72小时后,至少37ng/ml,优选至少39.1ng/ml,
96小时后,至少44ng/ml,优选至少46.6ng/ml,
144小时后,至少54ng/ml,优选至少56.5ng/ml,
192小时后,至少60ng/ml,优选至少62.3ng/ml,
240小时后,至少63ng/ml,优选至少65.5ng/ml,和
300小时后,至少65ng/ml,优选至少67.8ng/ml。
优选,活性物质的最大释放率不超过100μg/cm3。
根据本发明的TTS包含以自由碱或生理相容性盐或前药形式的活性物质美金刚(3,5-二甲基金刚烷-1-胺)。出于本说明书的意图,术语“活性物质”包含美金刚及其生理相容性溶剂合物。美金刚可以自由碱的形式、以生理相容性盐类的形式和/或以溶剂合物(特别是水合物)的形式,或者可选地以前述化合物的任意混合物的形式存在。
在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS包含以自由碱形式的美金刚。从盐酸盐到自由碱的基础制备是本领域技术人员已知的。例如,这可以使用离子交换剂实现。另一种方法是用通常与水不混溶或仅微混溶的有机溶剂从碱性含水环境萃取。通过去除有机溶剂获得所述自由碱(3,5-二甲基金刚烷-1-胺)。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS包含以生理相容性盐形式的美金刚。优选的美金刚生理相容性盐类是,例如其盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、乳酸盐、柠檬酸酯、抗坏血酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、癸二酸盐、甲磺酸盐以及苯磺酸盐。特别优选的是美金刚盐酸盐。
根据本发明的TTS可包含美金刚的前药。前药在上下文中表示无活性或活性较小的药理学物质,其仅作为在有机体内的代谢结果转化为活性物质(代谢物)。美金刚前药或其生理相容性盐类的实例是在氨基官能团处的衍化,例如用生理相容性羧酸酰胺化。这些酰胺然后在生理条件下任选地通过酶催化反应被切割。美金刚前药的其它实例是其N-氧化物。
根据本发明的TTS可包含其它药物学活性物质作为除了美金刚或其生理相容性盐或前药之外的活性物质。然而,优选除了美金刚或其生理相容性盐之外无其它活性物质存在。
优选,根据本发明的TTS是含有活性物质的贴剂。
通常,此种TTS至少包含
a)一个活性物质不通透的背衬层;优选是以液体和/或水蒸汽形式的水不通透的背衬层;
b)至少一个活性物质含有层,其至少部分地覆盖背衬层并优选是自粘性配制的。任选地,可应用另外的粘附层以确保在皮肤上足够的粘附;
c)任选地,覆盖活性物质含有层且可剥离的保护箔。优选是以液体和/或水蒸汽形式的水不通透的保护箔。
所述任选包含的保护箔通常在施用TTS之前移除以便暴露粘附层。所述保护箔可例如由聚乙烯、聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙酯、聚丙烯、聚硅氧烷、聚氯乙烯或聚氨酯构成并,任选地,由经处理的纸纤维如玻璃纸构成,并可任选地具有硅酮、氟硅氧烷或碳氟化合物涂层。
根据本发明的TTS具有活性物质不通透的背衬层和一个或多个活性物质含有层,但包括背衬层在内不是所有层都必须包含活性物质。
在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS总计具有不超过3,4,5,6,7,8或9个不同的层。在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS总计具有至少3,4,5,6,7,8或9个不同层。
根据本发明的TTS的活性物质不通透的背衬层(覆盖层)优选对于存在于活性物质含有层和粘附层中的物质,特别是可能存在的活性物质是不通透的,并且是惰性的和可由聚合物如聚酯,例如聚乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯,聚烯烃,如聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚丁烯,聚碳酸酯,聚环氧乙烷,聚对苯二甲酸酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,聚氨酯,聚苯乙烯,聚酰胺,聚酰亚胺,聚乙烯乙酸酯,聚氯乙烯和/或聚偏二氯乙烯,含有共聚物如丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物的纸纤维、纺织纤维和/或它们的混合物构成,若需要其可以是被金属化或被着色的。所述背衬层也可由金属箔与聚合物层结合形成。所述指定的聚合物可以用作膜、织物、毡制品或泡沫树脂。
所述活性物质不通透的层优选具有层厚15至2000μm。
根据本发明的TTS具有包含引入了活性物质的存储材料的活性物质含有层。该活性物质含有层可同时是粘附性的,其中活性物质被溶解和/或与粘附剂一起分散于基质中(药物于粘附剂中)。然而对于根据本发明的TTS,所述活性物质含有层和粘附层也可以是彼此分开的。
所述活性物质含有层优选具有层厚10至9000μm。
根据本发明的TTS可以,例如是以膜控制系统(储库TTS)或扩散控制系统(基质TTS)的形式构造的(参见K.H.Bauer,等人,Pharmazeutische Technologie[制药学工艺];R.H.M üller,等人,Pharmazeutische Technologie:Moderne Arzneiformen[制药学工艺:现代药物剂型])。
储库TTS通常包含在皮肤上自粘性的、以溶解形式包含活性物质的平展小袋。面向皮肤侧,所述小袋配有活性物质能通透并控制活性物质释放的膜。所述粘附层和活性物质含有层(储库)通常是空间分离的亚单位。
在基质TTS的情况下,活性物质被包埋在基质中并可以以溶解形式存在或者分散于液体、半-固体或固体中。如果所述基质同时具有粘附性质,则粘附层同时也是活性物质含有层(药物于粘附剂中)。然而还可能的是,粘附层和活性物质含有层如同储库TTS的情况是彼此分开的。在该情况下,所述粘附层可被完整地、部分地或环绕地应用于活性物质含有层或在储库的膜上。
通过基质和/或膜的组成和构造可调控活性物质的释放。至于进一步的细节,可参照例如,T.K.Gosh,Transdermal and Topical DrugDelivery Systems Es Into Practice,CRC Press,1997;R.O.Potts等人,Mechanisms of Transdermal Drug Delivery(Drugs and thePharmaceutical Sciences),Marcel Dekker,1997;和R.Gurny等人,Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery.New Insights andPerspectives,Wissenschaftliche VG.,Stuttgart,1998。
用于制造根据本发明的TTS的粘附层的粘附剂可以使用压敏性粘附剂(PSA)。所述粘附层可例如构造成与活性物质含有层侧边接界的粘附区域或粘附表面。适于制造粘附层的是例如聚合物如聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯基醚、聚异丁烯(PIB)、苯乙烯/异戊二烯或丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物或聚异戊二烯橡胶。还适宜的是硅酮粘附剂,例如任选地交联的聚二甲基硅氧烷。此外,树脂如甘氨酸、甘油或季戊四醇的酯类,或烃树脂如多萜类,是适宜的。基于丙烯酸酯的粘附剂通过丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的聚合反应制造,任选地进一步与不饱和的单体,如丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、丙烯腈和/或乙酸乙烯酯的聚合反应制造。适宜聚合物的实例是以名称Durotak商购可得的,例如产品2516,2287,900A或9301。其它适宜的商购可得的聚合物是聚异丁烯、聚丙烯酸酯,例如GMS 3083,Plastoid B和EudragitE 100。
所述粘附层可额外包含赋形剂,如增塑剂如邻苯二甲酸酯类如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,矿物油,柠檬酸酯,或甘油酯,皮肤渗透促进剂,例如二甲亚砜,增粘剂,填料(如氧化锌或硅石),交联剂,保藏剂和/或溶剂。此类赋形剂是本领域技术人员已知的。在此方面可参照例如R.Niedner等人,Dermatika:therapeutischer Einsatz,Pharmakologie und Pharmazie[皮肤药:治疗应用,药理学和药学],Wiss.Verl.-Ges.1992;H.P.Fiedler,Lexikon der Hilfsstoffef ür Pharmazie,Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete[制药赋形剂全书,化妆品和相关领域],Editio Cantor Aulendorff,2002。
所述活性物质以溶解或固体形式存在于活性物质含有层中。优选,所述活性物质以完全溶解的形式存在,即,优选基本上没有可检测到的活性物质的晶体成分。在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明活性物质在活性物质含有层中的浓度为其饱和浓度的至少25%,更优选至少50%,甚至更优选至少66%,最优选至少75%,且特别是至少80%。本领域技术人员知晓如何确定饱和浓度。例如,当纯净的活性物质的晶体与活性物质含有层接触并在此于5分钟内被吸收(即被溶解),则还未达到饱和浓度。如果活性物质至少部分以固体形式存在,该系统优选微分散体。
根据本发明的TTS的活性物质含有层包含引入了活性物质的存储材料。
在优选的实施方式中,所述存储材料被置于活性物质不通透的背衬层和活性物质能通透的膜材料之间,并因此根据本发明的TTS优选是储库TTS。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,所述存储材料用作为基质,并因此根据本发明的TTS优选是基质TTS。
适宜的存储材料是天然或(半)合成的基质形成性聚合物。可提及的基质形成性聚合物是,例如聚乙烯,氯化的聚乙烯,聚丙烯,聚氨酯,聚碳酸酯,聚丙烯酸的酯类,聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚乙烯醇,聚氯乙烯,聚偏二氯乙烯,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,聚四氟乙烯,乙烯/丙烯共聚物,乙烯/乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基-氧基乙醇共聚物,氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,橡胶,橡胶样合成均聚物、共聚物或嵌段聚合物,硅酮,硅酮衍生物如聚硅氧烷/聚甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,纤维素衍生物,如纤维素醚类,特别是甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲纤维素,和/或它们的混合物。特别优选的是聚丙烯酸酯或聚硅氧烷。
所述存储材料可包含适于制造粘附层(药物于粘附剂中)的上述聚合物。
存储材料的量优选是10至99.9重量%基于活性物质含有层的总重量,更优选50至95重量%。
至于存储材料与活性物质含量的比例,优选是99∶1至50∶50(存储材料质量:活性物质质量)的选择比,优选95∶5至60∶40。在优选的实施方式中,选择99.5∶0.5至80∶20(存储材料质量:活性物质质量),优选99∶1至85∶15。相对高比例的活性物质原因是需要用于治疗中度至重度阿尔茨海默病的相对高的物质水平。
优选,所述存储材料包含
-液体或凝胶形式的制剂,且其中活性物质是部分或完全溶解的;和/或
-基于聚合物材料的基质,且其中活性物质是溶解的或以微分散体分布;和/或
-基于聚丙烯酸酯或聚硅氧烷的聚合物材料;和/或
-优选包含10至50重量%活性物质的脂凝胶。
在优选的实施方式中,所述活性物质含有层包含水凝胶或脂凝胶。出于本说明书的意图,水凝胶是包含水和/或、亲水或者完全或部分与水可混的其它物质的凝胶,所述物质赋予凝胶其亲水性质。出于本说明书的意图,脂凝胶是主要包含与水不可混且赋予该凝胶亲脂性质的物质的凝胶。
在优选的实施方式中,所述活性物质以生理相容性盐(更具体地以美金刚盐酸盐)存在于活性物质含有层中。优选所述活性物质含有层额外包含至少一种碱性材料,其碱性度足够与活性物质生理相容性盐反应以释放该活性物质的自由碱。适宜的碱性材料是本领域技术人员已知的,且它们的适宜性可基于美金刚碱的pKa值评估。优选,所述碱性材料选自下组:具有碱性侧基团的聚合物、有机碱和无机碱。在优选的实施方式中,所述碱性材料选自下组:具有氨基烷基侧基团的丙烯酸系聚合物;无机氧化物或氢氧化物,更特别地碱金属氧化物或碱土金属金属氧化物;它们的有机胺类或盐类;碱金属醇化物或羧化物或碱土金属醇化物或羧化物。
在优选的实施方式中,基于活性物质含有层的总重量,所述活性物质含有层包含20至90重量%的存储材料、10至50重量%的活性物质,和任选地5至40重量%的碱性材料。
根据本发明的TTS的活性物质含有层不仅可包含活性物质和可能存在的粘附剂还可包含增粘剂、增塑剂、渗透促进剂、粘度增强性物质、增溶剂、交联剂、保藏剂、乳化剂、增稠剂和/或其它惯用赋形剂。此种添加剂是本领域技术人员已知的。
增溶剂和/或渗透促进剂的实例是乙酰丙酮,乙酰基三丁基柠檬酸酯,乙酰基三乙基柠檬酸酯,苯甲醇,硬脂酸丁酯,鲸蜡基乳酸酯,鲸蜡基棕榈酸酯,鲸蜡基硬脂酸酯,鲸蜡基硬脂醇/鲸蜡醇,三氯叔丁醇(Chlorbutanol),桉油醇,癸基甲基亚砜,癸基油酸酯,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,二甘醇单乙醚,二乙基邻苯二甲酸酯,癸二酸二乙酯,二异丙基己二酸酯,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯,己二酸二辛酯,二丙二醇,单油酸甘油酯,单硬脂酸甘油酯,硬脂醇,花生油,乳酸乙基酯,亚油酸乙酯,(9,12,15)-亚麻酸乙酯,丁香酚,法呢醇,甘油,乙酰基酯甘油,硬脂酸甘油酯,硬脂酸乙二醇酯,乙二醛,十六醇,己二醇,硬脂酸异丁基酯,硬脂酸异鲸蜡酯,油酸异癸酯,羊毛酸异丙酯,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯/棕榈酸异丙酯,硬脂酸异丙酯,异硬脂基新戊酸酯,月桂酸二乙醇胺,苧烯,亚麻酸,亚麻酸二乙醇胺,薄荷樟脑,肉豆蔻基乳酸酯,肉豆蔻基肉豆蔻酸酯,肉豆蔻基硬脂酸酯,间-甲苯基乙酸酯,辛基十二烷醇,棕榈酸辛酯,硬脂酸辛酯,油酸二乙醇胺,油醇,油烯基油酸酯,戊基乙醇,丙二醇,碳酸丙烯酯,异硬脂酸,辛酸,氢化蓖麻油,1,3-丁烯二醇,红花油,角鲨烷,角鲨烯,三醋汀,甘油三乙酸酯,柠檬酸三乙酯,十一烯酸,(+)-葑酮,铵月桂基醚硫酸盐,胆甾醇,卵磷脂,羟硬脂酸甘油酯,脂肪酸的甘油单酯和二酯,辛酸钠,钠月桂基醚硫酸盐,脂肪酸的Na/K盐,月桂基硫酸钠,PEG-2硬脂酸酯,磺基琥珀酸钠,脂肪酸的聚甘油酯,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,聚西托醇(cetomacrogol),聚氧乙烯脂肪酸失水山梨糖醇酯,丙二醇硬脂酸酯,失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,硬脂酸二乙醇胺,中链(优选C12-C14)甘油三酯(根据Ph.Eur.)。
可以使用的增溶剂是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,月桂基吡咯烷酮,三乙醇胺,三醋汀,二甘醇单乙醚,脂肪酸或脂肪醇的衍生物和/或低分子量多元醇,例如丙二醇或甘油。
出于本说明书的意图,粘度增强性物质优选是胶凝剂,即,首先增强组合物粘度,其次促进其凝胶生成的物质。这种粘度增强性物质的实例是明胶类(例如明胶),角豆核粉(Johannisbrotkernmehl)(例如CesagumLA-200,CesagumLID/150,CesagumLN-1),果胶类如柑橘果胶(例如CesapectinHM Medium Rapid Set),苹果果胶,柠檬皮果胶,蜡质玉米淀粉(C*凝胶04201),藻酸钠(例如,FrimulsionALG(E401)),瓜儿胶(例如FrimulsionBM,Polygum26/1-75),角叉菜胶(例如FrimulsionD021),卡拉雅胶,胞外多糖胶(例如KelcogelF,KelcogelLT100),半乳甘露聚糖(例如Meyprogat150),他拉核粉(Tarakernmehl)(例如Polygum43/1),丙二醇藻酸盐(例如ProtanalEster SD-LB),透明质酸钠,黄蓍胶,他拉胶(例如VidogumSP 200),发酵的多糖Welan胶(例如K1A96),黄原胶(例如Xantural180)。
如果按照储库系统形成根据本发明的TTS,储库膜可由惰性聚合物构成,例如聚乙烯,聚丙烯,聚乙烯乙酸酯,聚酰胺,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和/或硅酮。所述储库膜使之能实现从储库受控释放活性物质。
所述含有活性物质的基质或含有活性物质的储库还可以包含溶剂,例如水,乙醇,1-丙醇,异丙醇,低分子量多元醇,例如丙二醇或甘油,或酯,如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,或它们的混合物。在优选的实施方式中,所述含有活性物质的基质或含有活性物质的储库基本上不包含乙醇和/或异丙醇。
对于活性物质含有层可以使用的保藏剂是抗氧化剂,如生育酚,丁羟甲苯,丁羟茴醚,对羟苯甲酸类,抗坏血酸,抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,和/或螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸二钠,柠檬酸钾或柠檬酸钠。此外,适宜的保藏剂是PHB酯类,如PHB甲酯和PHB丙酯,苯扎氯铵(Benzalkoniumchlorid),氯己定(Chlorhexidin),山梨酸,苯甲酸,丙酸,水杨酸及其盐,甲醛和低聚甲醛,六氯酚,邻-苯基苯酚,巯氧吡啶锌,无机亚硫酸盐类,碘酸钠,氯丁醇,脱氢乙酸,甲酸,二溴己酰胺,硫柳汞,苯基汞盐(苯基-Hg化合物),十一烯酸,海克替啶(Hexetidine),Bronidox,溴硝丙二醇(Bronopol),2,4-二氯苯甲醇,三氯卡班(Triclocarban),氯甲酚,三氯生(Triclosan),对氯间二甲酚,咪唑烷基脲衍生物,聚己二酰双胍盐酸盐,苯氧乙醇(Phenoxyethanol),乌洛托品(Methenamin),Dowicil 200,1-咪唑基-(4-氯苯氧基)-3,3′-二甲基丁-2-酮,二甲基乙内酰脲,苯甲醇,1-羟基-4-甲基-6-(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)-2-吡啶酮,1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基烃,3,3′-二溴-5,5′-二氯-2,2-二羟基二苯基甲烷,异丙基-间甲酚,和Kathon。
根据本发明的TTS还可在一个或多个层中包含至少一种增塑剂,其选自含有长链醇类的组,诸如十二醇,十一烷醇,1-辛醇,带有聚乙氧基化的醇的羧酸酯,脂族二羧酸如己二酸的二酯,和辛酸和/或癸酸的中链甘油三酯,椰子油,多元醇如1,2-丙二醇,多元醇的酯如具有乙酰丙酸或辛酸的甘油,和醚化的多元醇。
根据本发明的TTS可按照已知的制造工艺制备,更具体为用于含有活性物质的贴剂的工艺,具有工艺步骤如叠层、冲压、分层、解开、切割、卷绕、安装或计量(参见Verpackungs-Rundschau 4/2002,83-84)。
根据本发明的TTS优选以控制的方式释放活性物质。根据本发明的TTS优选具有的最大活性物质释放率不超过100μg/cm2每小时,优选不超过95μg/cm2每小时,不超过90μg/cm2每小时或不超过85μg/cm2每小时;更优选不超过80μg/cm2每小时,不超过75μg/cm2每小时或不超过70μg/cm2每小时;甚至更优选不超过65μg/cm2每小时,不超过60μg/cm2每小时或不超过55μg/cm2每小时;最优选不超过50μg/cm2每小时,不超过45μg/cm2每小时或不超过40μg/cm2每小时;和特别是不超过35μg/cm2每小时或不超过32μg/cm2每小时。
在优选的实施方式中,所述最大活性物质释放率是20±15μg/cm2每小时,更优选20±12.5μg/cm2每小时,甚至更优选20±10μg/cm2每小时,最优选20±7.5μg/cm2每小时,和特别是20±5μg/cm2每小时。在另一个优选的实施方式中,所述最大活性物质释放率是25±10μg/cm2每小时,甚至更优选25±7.5μg/cm2每小时,最优选25±5μg/cm2每小时,和特别是25±2.5μg/cm2每小时。在另一个优选的实施方式中,所述最大活性物质释放率是30±5μg/cm2每小时,甚至更优选30±2.5μg/cm2每小时。
通常,所述释放率在TTS的施用期间改变。例如,由于释放的结果,在TTS中活性物质的量持续减少,并且皮肤可产生特定的存储效果。这两种效果可影响释放率。
TTS的最大释放率及其确定是本领域技术人员已知的。所述最大释放率可确定为人皮肤的最大通透性并使用例如Franz细胞体外测定。优选在实验部分中规定的条件下测定。
根据本发明的TTS具有tmax为至少24小时,更优选至少26小时,甚至更优选至少28小时,最优选至少30小时,和特别是至少32小时。在根据本发明的TTS的优选实施方式中,tmax为36±12小时,更优选36±10小时,甚至更优选36±8小时,最优选36±6小时,和特别是36±4小时。在根据本发明的TTS的另一个优选实施方式中,tmax为32±8小时,更优选32±7小时,甚至更优选32±6小时,最优选32±5小时,和特别是32±4小时。在根据本发明的TTS的另一个优选的实施方式中,tmax为28±4小时,更优选28±3小时,最优选28±2小时。
优选,tmax被定义为在一次性且第一次施用根据本发明的TTS血浆中达到最大活性物质浓度(Cmax)之前所经历的时间,从在皮肤上施用上述TTS开始计算。用于确定tmax和Cmax的适宜方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
根据本发明的TTS优选具有Cmax为至少4ng/ml,至少4.5ng/ml,至少5ng/ml,或至少5.5ng/ml,更优选至少6ng/ml,甚至更优选至少8ng/ml,最优选至少10ng/ml,和特别是至少12ng/ml。
根据本发明的TTS优选具有药物动力学延迟时间tlag不超过6小时,更优选1.33±1.00小时,甚至更优选1.33±0.66小时,和特别是1.33±0.33小时。根据本发明的TTS的药物动力学延迟时间tlag是这样令人惊奇地短,并且这是有利的。例如,在皮肤上施用TTS后在相对短的时间内达到活性物质的有效血浆浓度。
根据本发明的TTS优选具有生物分析可测性持续时间tlast为至少200小时,更优选至少220小时,和特别是至少240小时。
根据本发明的TTS优选具有药物动力学活性物质半衰期t1/2,z为60-100小时,更优选52±25小时,更优选52±15小时,最优选52±10小时,和特别是52±5小时。
用于测定这些药物动力学参数的适宜方法是本领域技术人员已知的。测定在血浆中的活性物质浓度同样是本领域技术人员已知的。优选通过LC例如HPLC,优选与MS联合进行(LC-MS或HPLC-MS)。
根据本发明的TTS优选具有低的个体差异性,优选不超过25%,更优选不超过20%。这样低的个体差异性的优点是可精确预测体内所达到的血浓度,并且这还与尤其是增强的治疗安全相关。
由于药物动力学参数的个体差异性不超过25%,根据本发明的TTS区别于意图施用其它活性物质的其它TTS。例如,已报道有用于施用活性物质利凡斯的明(rivastigmine)的TTS,其参数差异性为>32%(参见G.Lefèvre等人,Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics,83(1),2008,106-114)。
在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS在其目的使用后具有相对低的活性物质残余量。优选,在施用24小时后上述残余量不超过存在于TTS中的最初量的75重量%,更优选不超过70重量%,甚至更优选不超过65重量%,和特别是不超过60重量%。出于经济和安全的原因,这是有利的。
根据本发明的TTS这样地构造,使之分别在一个或多个根据本发明的TTS连续或交错优选重复的施用下,施用期间彼此独立地持续至少12小时,经至少300小时的总期间施用于需要治疗的个体,分别从第一个施用开始计,在所述个体的血浆中达到以下活性物质浓度:
24小时后,至少14ng/ml,优选至少16.2ng/ml,
48小时后,至少27ng/ml,优选至少29.2ng/ml,
60小时后,至少32ng/ml,优选至少34.5ng/ml,
72小时后,至少37ng/ml,优选至少39.1ng/ml,
96小时后,至少44ng/ml,优选至少46.6ng/ml,
144小时后,至少54ng/ml,优选至少56.5ng/ml,
192小时后,至少60ng/ml,优选至少62.3ng/ml,
240小时后,至少63ng/ml,优选至少65.5ng/ml,和
300小时后,至少65ng/ml,优选至少67.8ng/ml。
所述重复施用优选连续地而无延迟地进行,即在施用期间末移除一个或多个根据本发明的TTS时,立即施用下一个施用期间的一个或多个根据本发明的TTS。优选,身体上完全没有施用根据本发明的TTS的间隔不超过10分钟,更优选不超过5分钟。
在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的所有TTS在总期间内被施用在个体的同一皮肤区域上,即,用根据本发明的TTS反复覆盖或贴敷个体的指定皮肤区域。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的所有TTS在总期间内每次被施用在个体的不同皮肤区域上,即,不用根据本发明的TTS反复覆盖或贴敷个体的指定皮肤区域。
根据本发明的TTS被应用于连续施用期间彼此每次持续至少12小时,优选总期间至少300小时。当每个施用期间持续例如12小时,之后需要至少25个连续施用期间以覆盖至少300小时的总期间。当每个施用期间持续例如18小时,之后据此需要至少17个连续施用期间以覆盖至少300小时的总期间。
所述各个施用期间可具有相同的时长或不同的时长。优选,所述施用期间等长,优选每次12小时,14小时,16小时,18小时,20小时,22小时,24小时,26小时,28小时,30小时,32小时,34小时,36小时,38小时,40小时,42小时,44小时,46小时,48小时,50小时,52小时,54小时,56小时,58小时,60小时,62小时,64小时,66小时,68小时,70小时或72小时。在优选的实施方式中,每个施用期间彼此不超过168小时或不超过144小时,更优选不超过120小时或不超过96小时,甚至更优选不超过72小时或不超过48小时,更优选不超过36小时或不超过24小时,和特别是不超过12小时。
所述施用期间在附图1和2中被更详细地解释。这两个附图示意性显示期间内活性物质的最小血浆浓度的曲线。在附图1中,图表中的每个柱表示12小时的施用期间;在附图2中,每个柱表示24小时的施用期间。柱高表示在每种情况下获得的最小血浆浓度。
在每个施用期间内,可能的是施用单一的根据本发明的TTS或者在每种情况下同时施用多个根据本发明的TTS。所施用的TTS的个数在不同的施用期间可有所区别。优选,所施用的TTS的个数在每个施用期间中是一致的。
在优选的实施方式中,所提及的活性物质浓度是通过每个施用期间施用一个根据本发明的TTS而达到的,或者是每个施用期间同时施用二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十、十一、十二、十三、十四、十五或十六个根据本发明的TTS所达到的。
在优选的实施方式中,对于每个施用期间,以小时计的持续时间除以任选同时地施用的TTS个数,彼此独立地为4至24,更优选为5至20,甚至更优选为6至18。在优选的实施方式中,对于每个施用期间,以小时计的持续时间除以任选同时地施用的TTS个数,彼此独立地为3至8,更优选为4至7,和特别是约为6。
根据本发明的TTS实现上述活性物质浓度的优选实施方式,如下列出:122,123,124,182,183,184,185,243,244,245,246,247,365,366,367,368,369,3610,3611,487,488,489,4810,4811,4812,4813,4814,4815,4816,609,6010,6011,6012,6013,6014,6015,6016,6017,6018,6019,7212,7213,7214,7215,7216,7217,7218,7219,7220,7221,7222,8414,8415,8416,8417,8418,8419,8420,8421,8422,8423,8424,9619,9620,9621,9622,9623,9624。在此,每个施用期间的持续时间以小时计被首先标示(例如“12”),随后以上标标示在每种情况下任选同时地施用的根据本发明的TTS的个数(例如“3”)。因此,“242”例如表示分别同时施用两个根据本发明的TTS,连续的施用期间各自是24小时。
优选,为用于根据以上定义的施用时间制备根据本发明的TTS。本发明的另一方面是提供用于治疗或预防中枢神经系统的疾病的方法,其包括连续施用多个根据本发明的TTS且赋予以上定义的施用期间。
本领域技术人员清楚施用持续时间与任选同时地施用的TTS的个数之间的特定比例。减少同时施用的TTS的个数可通过适当加大TTS来近似地实现,反之亦然。例如具有活性物质释放面积例如5cm2的TTS的药理学效果是具有2.5cm2的活性物质释放面积的相同TTS的药理学效果的大约2倍。
根据本发明的TTS的活性物质释放面积(含有活性物质的接触面积)优选为0.1至400cm2。在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS的活性物质释放面积为10±9cm2,更优选10±7.5cm2,甚至更优选10±5cm2,最优选10±2.5cm2,和特别是10±1cm2。在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS的活性物质释放面积为20±9cm2,更优选20±7.5cm2,甚至更优选20±5cm2,最优选20±2.5cm2,和特别是20±1cm2。在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS的活性物质释放面积为25±20cm2,更优选25±15cm2,甚至更优选25±10cm2,最优选25±cm2,和特别是25±2.cm2。在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS的活性物质释放面积为30±9cm2,更优选30±7.cm2,甚至更优选30±cm2,最优选30±2.cm2,和特别是30±1cm2。在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS的活性物质释放面积为100±90cm2,更优选100±75cm2,甚至更优选100±50cm2,最优选100±25cm2,和特别是100±10cm2。在另一个优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS的活性物质释放面积为200±90cm2,更优选200±75cm2,甚至更优选200±50cm2,最优选200±25cm2,和特别是200±10cm2。
当活性物质释放面积足够大,例如大于例如10cm2,可能的是,通过使用活性物质不通透的保护层覆盖部分含有活性物质的面积来减小实际活性物质释放面积。例如,当根据本发明的TTS具有含有活性物质的面积为6x 6cm平方,则该区域的26cm2应当用活性物质能通透的层覆盖以确保10cm2的活性物质释放面积。本领域技术人员明白必须考虑任何发生的横向扩散,更特别地在易于透入含粘附剂的层的物质的情况下,并因此所述保护层的尺寸可能需要调整。
在根据本发明的TTS的优选实施方式中,在每种情况下从第一施用开始计,实现以下活性物质浓度:
在24小时后,不超过50ng/ml,
在48小时后,不超过90ng/ml,
在60小时后,不超过110ng/ml,
在72小时后,不超过130ng/ml,
在96小时后,不超过150ng/ml,
在144小时后,不超过180ng/ml,
在192小时后,不超过195ng/ml,
在240小时后,不超过200ng/ml,和
在300小时后,不超过210ng/ml。
B1至B4的活性物质浓度的优选范围被列于下表:
之后 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 |
24小时 | 24.3ng/ml±30% | 22.7ng/ml±25% | 21.1ng/ml±20% | 20.3ng/ml±15% |
48小时 | 43.8ng/ml±30% | 40.9ng/ml±25% | 38.0ng/ml±20% | 36.5ng/ml±15% |
60小时 | 51.8ng/ml±30% | 48.3ng/ml±25% | 44.9ng/ml±20% | 43.1ng/ml±15% |
72小时 | 58.7ng/ml±30% | 54.7ng/ml±25% | 50.8ng/ml±20% | 48.9ng/ml±15% |
96小时 | 69.9ng/ml±30% | 65.2ng/ml±25% | 60.6ng/ml±20% | 58.3ng/ml±15% |
144小时 | 84.9ng/ml±30% | 79.2ng/ml±25% | 73.6ng/ml±20% | 70.8ng/ml±15% |
192小时 | 93.5ng/ml±30% | 87.2ng/ml±25% | 81.0ng/ml±20% | 77.9ng/ml±15% |
240小时 | 98.3ng/ml±30% | 91.7ng/ml±25% | 85.2ng/ml±20% | 81.9ng/ml±15% |
300小时 | 101.7ng/ml±30% | 94.9ng/ml±25% | 88.1ng/ml±20% | 84.8ng/ml±15% |
在优选的实施方式中,连续有目的地使用根据本发明的TTS实现活性物质的血浆浓度稳态为70至150ng/ml。
在根据本发明的TTS的优选的实施方式中,在施用期间内其平均的活性物质释放率为0.2至2.0mg/h。在优选的实施方式中,该平均的释放率为0.7±0.5mg/h,更优选0.7±0.4mg/h,甚至更优选0.7±0.3mg/h。在另一个优选的实施方式中,该平均的释放率为1.0±0.5mg/h,更优选1.0±0.4mg/h,甚至更优选1.0±0.3mg/h。在另一个优选的实施方式中,该平均的释放率为1.3±0.5mg/h,更优选1.3±0.4mg/h,甚至更优选1.3±0.3mg/h。在另一个优选的实施方式中,该平均的释放率为1.5±0.5mg/h,更优选1.5±0.4mg/h,甚至更优选1.5±0.3mg/h。
优选,根据本发明的TTS中存在的透皮可释放的活性物质的量相应于至少一半的用于治疗或预防相关于中枢神经系统的疾病的日剂量,优选至少完整日剂量。所需要的日剂量水平是本领域技术人员已知的。
在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS包含相应的剂量至少为
-1天(透皮可释放剂量=单日剂量),
-2天(透皮可释放剂量=两倍日剂量),
-3天(透皮可释放剂量=三倍日剂量),
-4天(透皮可释放剂量=四倍日剂量),
-5天(透皮可释放剂量=五倍日剂量),
-6天(透皮可释放剂量=六倍日剂量),或
-7天(透皮可释放剂量=七倍日剂量)。
当中枢神经系统的疾病是中度至重度阿尔茨海默病,优选透皮施用的日剂量是约20mg(基于美金刚盐酸盐的当量)。在治疗的第一周内,可以建议,无论如何,从较低的透皮施用的日剂量开始,并经历时间增加该剂量直到达到约20mg的值。例如,优选在第一周透皮施用的日剂量是约5.0mg,在第二周约10mg,在第三周约15mg,且之后连续约20mg(在每种情况下基于美金刚盐酸盐的当量)。
优选,美金刚或其生理相容性盐的一种的区域浓度是至少1.0mg/cm2,更优选至少5.0,10或15mg/cm2,甚至更优选至少20、25或30mg/cm2,最优选至少35、40或50mg/cm2,和特别是至少60或70mg/cm2。
在优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的TTS具有总层厚为50至4000μm,更优选为100至2500μm,甚至更优选为200至2000μm,最优选为250至1500μm,和特别是为300至1200μm。
根据本发明的TTS不仅适用于抗痴呆还适用于中枢神经系统的其它疾病。这些疾病包括急性神经变性进程(例如在创伤和中风的情况下)、慢性进程(包括上述阿尔茨海默病在内,这些疾病是例如帕金森氏病和亨廷顿病[亨廷顿舞蹈症])和还有与癫痫相关的各种症状性病、药物成瘾、抑郁和焦虑。
本发明的另一方面提供包含至少两种不同类型的根据本发明的上述TTS的包装单位,其优选区别在其中包含的可释放日剂量(美金刚或其生理相容性盐的一种)。优选是在此存在至少2种,更优选至少3种,和特别是至少4种,不同的具有不同可释放日剂量的TTS类型,且具有相同的可释放日剂量的TTS类型可优选多于一个(同类的多种类型)。
在优选的实施方式中,所述根据本发明包装单位包含如所需的多个TTS以便可通过从可释放起始日剂量起逐步增加的手段达到可释放最大日剂量(滴定法)。优选,该最大剂量经2、3或4步达到,且每步可包含相近或不同的期间、单一或多重的施用期间。在上下文中,施用期间是相关TTS按目的使用时的时间段,其中待透皮施用的建议日剂量是实际可释放的。当施用期间是例如48小时,则该TTS必须保证在该时间段内待透皮施用的相关日剂量从TTS是实际可释放的。
在优选的实施方式中,所述施用期间响应于与活性物质浓度相关的上述施用期间。
本发明还提供用于治疗或预防中枢神经系统的疾病的试剂盒,其包含
-至少一种起初非透皮,优选口服或肠胃外,施用美金刚或其生理相容性盐的一种的剂型和
-至少一种根据本发明的TTS。
本发明的另一方面提供美金刚或其生理相容性盐或前药在制造用于治疗或预防中枢神经系统的疾病上述TTS中的用途。优选,所述中枢神经系统的疾病选自下组:痴呆,更特别地阿尔茨海默病、创伤、中风、帕金森氏综合征、亨廷顿综合征、癫痫、药物成瘾、抑郁、和焦虑状态。
以下实施例用于阐明本发明,但不作限制性理解。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
制造以含有活性物质的贴剂的形式的TTS,其具有以下组成:
美金刚碱 | 6.36重量% |
中链长的甘油三酯(例如Miglyol 812) | 25.42重量% |
丙烯酸-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(例如Durotak 2516) | 68.22重量% |
含有活性物质的面积 | 10cm2 |
活性物质含量(以碱计算) | 11.0mg |
另外,制备具有以下混合比的美金刚(自由碱)与Miglyol 812的计量溶液。
美金刚碱 | 20.00重量% |
中链长的甘油三酯(例如Miglyol 812) | 80.00重量% |
相应的丙烯酸酯,例如Durotak2516,被涂覆在适宜的保护箔(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙酯箔,PET)上,干燥,并用适宜的闭合性背衬层(第一层)叠层。随后,第二层由例如Durotak2516如上所述制备,但不用适宜的背衬层叠层。取而代之,指定尺寸(例如10cm2)的适宜织物,例如长纤维纸LF26被施加于经干燥的丙烯酸酯层,并且相应量的计量溶液被计量置于适宜的织物上。在移除所述保护箔后,所述第一层被叠层到包含织物的第二层上。在所述TTS经冲压后(以使所述织物位于中心),将其包装于适宜的材料,优选PET中。
实施例2:
基于实施例1,制备具有以下组成的含有活性物质的贴剂形式的八种不同TTS(药物于粘附剂中):
预置相应量的美金刚盐酸盐或美金刚碱,以约1/3的量(基于活性物质的量)混悬于或者对于碱而言溶解于有机溶剂(例如乙酸乙酯)中。在加入相应量的适宜丙烯酸酯后进行搅拌以确保活性物质在聚合物中的均质分布。
随后,搅拌下加入相应的其它原材料(PlastoidB为2-1和2-2且辛酸钠和EudragitE 100为2-3且乙醇钠为2-4且CaO为2-5至2-8)到物质团中,并继续搅拌直至获得均质。在涂覆到适宜的保护箔(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙酯箔,PET)上后,该叠层被干燥并叠层到适宜的封闭性背衬层上。在此,为了实现必要的厚度或者活性物质的加载,将三层叠层在一起(分别用适宜的织物(例如PET非纺物)用于丙烯酸酯层之间的稳定)例如2-1,和无织物的三层(2-2和2-3),和二层(2-4),和一层(2-5至2-8)。在所述TTS经过冲压后,将它们包装于适宜的材料,优选PET中。
体内(家兔)测试如按照实施例2-1,2-2,2-3和2-4的根据本发明的TTS。施用三天后(72小时后移除TTS),美金刚的血浆浓度示于附图3。
实施例3:
如按照实施例2-7的TTS被测试于临床的人研究。一组受试者(组1)得到3片含有活性物质的贴剂,其具有活性物质含量在每种情况下为24.0mg美金刚(以碱计算)。24小时后,移除一片贴剂。下一个24小时后,移除另一片贴剂。下一个24小时后,移除最后一片贴剂。另一受试者组(组2)得到2片含有活性物质的贴剂,其具有活性物质含量在每种情况下为24.0mg美金刚(以碱计算),用于48小时。由所测量的血浆浓度测定药物动力学参数并列于下表:
在施用后TTS中的活性物质残余量同样被测定并针对6名受试者列于下表:
Claims (15)
1.用于施用自由碱或生理相容性盐或前药形式的活性物质美金刚的透皮治疗系统,其具有
-活性物质不通透的背衬层;
-至少一个活性物质含有层,其包含引入了活性物质的存储材料;
-任选地,保护箔;
-至少24小时的tmax;
且其中在连续或交错地分别施用一个或多个所述透皮治疗系统时,施用时间彼此独立地持续至少12小时于需要治疗的个体,分别从第一个施用开始计,在所述个体的血浆中达到以下活性物质浓度:
24小时后,至少14ng/ml,
48小时后,至少27ng/ml,
60小时后,至少32ng/ml,
72小时后,至少37ng/ml,
96小时后,至少44ng/ml,
144小时后,至少54ng/ml,
192小时后,至少60ng/ml,
240小时后,至少63ng/ml,和
300小时后,至少65ng/ml。
2.根据权利要求1的透皮治疗系统,其中对于每个施用期间,除以任选同时地施用的TTS个数的以小时计的持续时间彼此独立地为3至8。
3.根据权利要求1或2的透皮治疗系统,其中所述活性物质浓度是通过每个施用期间各自施用一个透皮治疗系统或者同时地施用多个透皮治疗系统来达到的。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项的透皮治疗系统,其中分别从第一个施用开始计,达到以下活性物质浓度:
24小时后,不超过50ng/ml,
48小时后,不超过90ng/ml,
60小时后,不超过110ng/ml,
72小时后,不超过130ng/ml,
96小时后,不超过150ng/ml,
144小时后,不超过180ng/ml,
192小时后,不超过195ng/ml,
240小时后,不超过200ng/ml,和
300小时后,不超过210ng/ml。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项的透皮治疗系统,其中每个施用期间彼此独立地不超过72小时地达到所述活性物质浓度。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的透皮治疗系统,其中
-其施用期间内的平均活性物质释放率为0.2至2.0mg/h;和/或
-其药物动力学延迟时间tlag不超过6小时。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项的透皮治疗系统,其中所述存储材料被置于活性物质不通透的背衬层和活性物质能通透的膜材料之间。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项的透皮治疗系统,其中所述存储材料
-包含液体或凝胶形式的制剂,在其中活性物质是部分或完全溶解的;和/或
-包含基于聚合物材料的基质,在其中活性物质是溶解的或以微分散体分布;和/或
-包含基于聚丙烯酸酯或聚硅氧烷的聚合物材料;和/或
-是含有10至50重量%活性物质的脂凝胶。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项的透皮治疗系统,其中所述活性物质以生理相容性盐存在。
10.根据权利要求9的透皮治疗系统,其中所述活性物质含有层还包含至少一种碱性材料,其碱性度足以与活性物质的生理相容性盐反应以释放该活性物质的自由碱。
11.根据权利要求10的透皮治疗系统,其中所述碱性材料选自下组:具有碱性侧基团的聚合物、有机碱和无机碱。
12.根据权利要求11的透皮治疗系统,其中所述碱性材料选自下组:具有氨基烷基侧基团的丙烯酸酯系聚合物;无机氧化物或氢氧化物;有机胺或其盐;碱金属醇化物或羧化物或者碱土金属醇化物或羧化物。
13.根据权利要求10至12任一项的透皮治疗系统,其中基于活性物质含有层的总重量,所述活性物质含有层包含20至90重量%的存储材料,10至50重量%的活性物质,和任选地5至40重量%的碱性材料。
14.美金刚或生理相容性盐或前药用于制备根据权利要求1至13任一项的透皮治疗系统的用途,所述透皮治疗系统用于治疗或预防中枢神经系统的疾病。
15.根据权利要求14的用途,其中所述中枢神经系统的疾病选自下组:痴呆,创伤,中风,帕金森氏综合征,亨廷顿综合征,癫痫,药物成瘾,抑郁,和焦虑状态。
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- 2011-06-15 MX MX2012014653A patent/MX2012014653A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-06-15 EP EP11726705.4A patent/EP2582364B1/de active Active
- 2011-06-15 CN CN2011800299906A patent/CN103068377A/zh active Pending
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- 2011-06-15 CN CN201710674832.5A patent/CN107468673A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-15 BR BR112012032282A patent/BR112012032282A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-15 KR KR1020137001155A patent/KR101784035B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN105392503A (zh) * | 2013-05-06 | 2016-03-09 | 拜洛嘉有限责任公司 | 包含维生素e或其酯的用于皮肤敷用的片材 |
CN109789105A (zh) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-05-21 | 考里安国际公司 | 通过盐药物的盐至中性药物原位转化的低溶解度或不稳定的非离子化中性药物的透皮制剂及递送方法 |
CN109789113A (zh) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-05-21 | 考里安国际公司 | 美金刚透皮递送系统 |
CN109789105B (zh) * | 2016-07-27 | 2022-12-27 | 考里安公司 | 通过盐至中性药物原位转化的组合物、透皮贴剂及应用 |
WO2021098791A1 (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-05-27 | 成都康弘药业集团股份有限公司 | 一种含有美金刚的透皮贴剂 |
CN112915071A (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-06-08 | 成都康弘药业集团股份有限公司 | 一种含有美金刚的透皮贴剂 |
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JP2013528631A (ja) | 2013-07-11 |
US10363228B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
KR20140002593A (ko) | 2014-01-08 |
AU2011267404A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CN107468673A (zh) | 2017-12-15 |
JP2016164176A (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
CA2802760C (en) | 2019-04-02 |
JP6151179B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
AU2011267404B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
US20110313372A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
WO2011157416A3 (de) | 2012-06-07 |
EP2582364A2 (de) | 2013-04-24 |
US20190298662A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
CA2802760A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
WO2011157416A2 (de) | 2011-12-22 |
KR101784035B1 (ko) | 2017-10-10 |
MX2012014653A (es) | 2013-02-07 |
EP2582364B1 (de) | 2019-05-01 |
DE102010024105A1 (de) | 2011-12-22 |
ES2729937T3 (es) | 2019-11-07 |
BR112012032282A2 (pt) | 2016-11-16 |
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