CN102911671B - Preparation method of soil conditioner based on rice hull waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on rice husk waste. The rice husk is carbonized into powder, water is added according to the amount of carbonized rice husk ash, and sodium hydroxide is added to carry out a stirring reaction at a temperature of 90-120°C. After 4 hours, add aluminum hydroxide to react for 4 hours, rinse the reactant, spin and dehydrate, dry the rinsed reactant, and then grind it into a 200-mesh powder. The present invention uses discarded rice husks as raw materials, and synthesizes a pollution-free and heavy metal-free soil conditioner through the chemical energy reaction of silicon-aluminum-oxygen. The soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can obviously improve the soil structure, and has the effect of water and fertilizer conservation. Promote the nutrient absorption of plants, reduce the absorption of heavy metals, and improve crop quality.

Description

Preparation method of soil conditioner based on rice husk waste

technical field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on rice husk waste.

Background technique

Soil conditioner is made of agricultural water-retaining agent and natural peat rich in organic matter and humic acid or other organic matter as the main raw materials, supplemented by biologically active ingredients and nutritional elements, and processed by scientific technology. Extremely significant three soil conditioning properties of water retention, fertilization and ventilation. It can break soil compaction, loosen soil, improve soil air permeability, reduce soil bulk density, promote soil microbial activity, and enhance soil fertilizer and water penetration; it can improve soil, control deserts, retain water and resist drought, enhance crop disease resistance, increase crop yield, and improve agricultural products. Quality, restore the original ecology of crops and other functions, greatly increase the survival rate of tree planting and the output of agricultural products; improve the quality of agricultural and forestry products, and restore the natural appearance of agricultural and forestry products. It is completely pollution-free, pollution-free, and bio-hormone-free. It is different from various chemical fertilizers, pesticides, foliar fertilizers, and bio-hormones in the international market. It is a new type of green production material for agricultural and forestry planting in the world. the

Humate Soil Conditioner can improve the physical, chemical and microbial reactions of the soil and increase the fertility of the soil. The main components of humic acid in peat are humic acid and fulvic acid, which have been shown to promote root development and the activity of beneficial microorganisms. Simply put, humic acid soil conditioner can help the soil release various nutrients that are beneficial to plants to absorb, control soil compaction, desertification, and salinization, improve soil permeability, increase soil water and fertilizer retention, and reduce soil moisture. Evaporation of water increases the cation exchange capacity of the soil, promotes better absorption of trace elements by plant roots, facilitates chelation of iron, magnesium, zinc, and copper by plants, and reduces salt absorption of Na ⁺ in the soil.

At present, the domestically produced soil conditioner is mainly made of medical stone, montmorillonite, oyster shell, calcium silicate ore, slag and fly ash with the addition of flocculant or water retention agent, basically in the form of physical mixing or addition The process is simple, but the content of various heavy metals in the raw materials cannot be eliminated. Long-term application to the soil will undoubtedly cause the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, which will cause a kind of harm to the soil ecology, and it is not conducive to the long-term sustainable use of the soil. adverse effect on quality.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for preparing a soil conditioner based on rice husk waste, which uses discarded rice husk as a raw material, through the chemical energy reaction of silicon-aluminum-oxygen, A pollution-free and heavy-metal-free soil conditioner is synthesized. The soil conditioner prepared by the invention can obviously improve soil structure, has the effect of water and fertilizer retention, promotes nutrient absorption of plants, reduces absorption of heavy metals, and improves crop quality.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner based on rice husk waste. The preparation method is as follows: carbonize the rice husk into powder, add water according to the weight ratio of water: rice husk equal to 1:0.8, every Add 140-160kg sodium hydroxide to 1 ton of water, stir and react at 90-120°C for 4 hours, then add aluminum hydroxide in a ratio of sodium hydroxide: aluminum hydroxide equal to 1:0.6 by weight, and react 4 hour, rinse the reactant, dry and dehydrate, dry the rinsed reactant until the weight content of water is less than 5%, and grind it into a 200-mesh powder.

The carbonization is carried out in a closed flameless combustion manner.

After rinsing, the waste liquid produced by drying and dehydration is added as a raw material to the carbonized powdered rice husk for recycling.

The drying method is high temperature drying or far infrared drying.

The present invention uses discarded rice husks as raw materials to synthesize a pollution-free and heavy metal-free soil conditioner through the chemical energy reaction of silicon-aluminum-oxygen. The soil conditioner prepared by the present invention is a dry powder product with a relatively large active surface , easy to use, just pour it into the plow layer soil after spreading on the surface, the soil improvement effect is obvious, it can obviously improve the soil structure, has the effect of water and fertilizer retention, promotes the nutrient absorption of plants, and can activate the invalid nutrients in the soil, and The nutrients applied to the soil can be utilized to the maximum, and the product does not contain harmful substances, reducing the accumulation of harmful substances such as heavy metals in plants, reducing the absorption of heavy metals, and improving crop quality.

In the preparation process of the invention, no pollutants are discharged, and the environment is not polluted, and the waste liquid in the preparation process can be used as raw materials for recycling. The prepared product has a porous crystal structure, which can not only improve the soil structure, but also have the effect of water and fertilizer retention, and can increase the adsorption of heavy metals in the soil, and reduce the absorption of harmful substances such as heavy metals by plants.

Detailed ways

Example 1

The rice husk is carbonized into powder by using a closed flameless combustion method. Put 400 kg of carbonized rice husk powder into 500 kg of water and stir thoroughly. At the same time, heat it to about 98°C, add 80 kg of sodium hydroxide, and keep stirring. Heating, after a duration of 4 hours, add 50 kg of aluminum hydroxide, continue to stir and heat for 4 hours, and then perform leaching, dehydration, and drying. After drying, the reactants are dried until the water weight content is lower than 5%. The drying method For high temperature drying or far infrared drying. Crush and grind into a powder of about 200 mesh. Soil conditioner prepared for implementation 1.

After rinsing, the waste liquid produced by drying and dehydration is added as a raw material to the carbonized powdered rice husk for recycling.

Embodiment 2 soil conditioner test

1. Basic situation of fertilizer effect test:

Test site: Sunlight greenhouse in Yaobao Village, Yaobao Township, Xinmin City, Liaoning Province.

The soil quality is uniform, about 0.8 mu.

Experimental crop: tomato, variety: Xiyou Ruyi.

Test time: from December 20, 2011 to the present when the seedlings were transplanted.

Application amount, application time and method:

(1) Test group: After the test treated soil was drilled, about 10 grams of the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 was applied to each hole at the bottom. After the tomato seedlings are divided and the seedlings are slowed down, the seedlings are transplanted, cultivated, and watered. No other fertilizers and pesticides are used.

(2) Control group: the control treatment is different solar greenhouses. The base fertilizers used are farmyard manure, compound fertilizer and pesticides.

Field management: Both the experimental group and the control group were artificially ridged and drip irrigation with buried pipes.

Test group: the base fertilizer was applied once with soil conditioner, 10 grams per plant, and there was no topdressing after that. The cost is 120 yuan, no pesticides are used.

Control group: apply basal fertilizer and compound fertilizer once, topdress urea, potassium fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer 4 times, and the cost is more than 600 yuan. Various insecticides were used to kill insects 13 times. The required cost is nearly 500 yuan. A total of 1100 yuan.

2. Test observation:

Tomato Growth Conditions:

Observation in early January 2012: about half a month after transplanting the seedlings, the tomato seedlings in the test group grew well overall, thicker than the control group seedlings, and the leaves were darker green.

Observation in late January 2012: One month later, the single tomato tree in the test group had more flowers, developed root system, and no pests and diseases occurred.

Observation results on March 15, 2012: The test group had dense branches and leaves, many flowers and fruits, stretched leaves, dark green and uniform, no yellow spots, and no burnt edges. The control group had many fruits and strong plants, but the density of branches and leaves was worse than that of the experimental treatment. The leaves were wrinkled, uneven green, dull, burnt edges, drug spots, burnt yellow, and obvious uneven fertility.

3. Test results:

Quality analysis results:

Observation results on April 9, 2012: The fruit gloss, size and maturity of the experimental group were better than those of the control group.

Test results of tomato samples from Xinmin, Shenyang, Liaoning (sampled on April 10, 2012)

The test and analysis results showed that the content of vitamins and amino acids in the soil conditioner treatment was significantly higher than that in the control treatment. The chlorophyll content of the soil conditioner treatment increased by more than 21% compared with the control treatment.

No soil conditioner treatment: the soil plant has less root system and compact structure.

Soil conditioner treatment: the soil has more roots and loose structure.

Fruit yield:

Test group: more than 7600 catties.

Control group: more than 8100 catties.

Total Harvest:

Test group: 7600 catties × 1.5 yuan/catties = 11400 yuan.

Control group: 8100 catties × 1.2 yuan/catties = 9720 yuan.

Income difference: 11400- 9720 = 1680 yuan.

Actual income: 1100 yuan - 120 yuan = 980 yuan (the cost of fertilizers and pesticides saved)

The experimental group earned 1680 yuan + 980 yuan = 2660 yuan more.

Embodiment 3 soil improvement test

Test number : Agricultural Test No. 1.

Test site : Agricultural test base.

Test time : September 25, 2011 to October 23, 2011.

, Test sample: Shanghai Qing

Shanghai Qing is a variety of common cabbage with fewer leaves and more stems. It is also called Piaoerbai and is native to China.

,Test purposes:

The test set up six zones A-F, and different treatments were performed on each zone, and the soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was applied, which were respectively marked as soil conditioner I, II, III, and a composite conditioner composed of organic fertilizer and soil conditioner II , through the comparison and analysis of the growth status of Shanghai Qing with different soil conditioners and the growth state of Shanghai Qing without soil conditioners, to understand the role of soil conditioners on the growth of crops.

, Soil properties:

(1) Application of soil conditioner in the test area, see Table 1.

Table 1 Application of soil conditioner in the test area

(2) The index comparison table before and after soil treatment, see Table 2.

Table 2 Comparison table of indicators before and after soil treatment

From the analysis in the table above, the original soil is poor, with low EC and low ion exchange capacity, and most of the soil is loess, with many soil lumps, no nutrients, and extremely poor water retention.

The soil properties after applying soil conditioner were greatly improved in both EC and CEC.

, Growth process records:

On September 25, 2011, the A-F area was divided, and it was found that there were ants crawling in each area.

On September 26, 2011, according to the soil conditioner application table, each area was treated accordingly. After the soil conditioner was applied, area A had a slight smell of organic fertilizer, and area D had a heavy smell of organic fertilizer. In each area, only a small number of ants can be observed crawling in area E.

After applying the soil conditioner, let it sit for a day.

On September 28, 2011, seeds were sown in each area, grass was covered and water was added.

On September 29, 2011, random inspection of each area showed obvious germination phenomenon.

On September 30, 2011, the straw covering the surface was removed, and there were germination phenomena in various regions, and the conditions were similar.

On October 02, 2011, seedlings grew in various regions, and the growth status was good.

Area A has the best growth, but compared with other areas, it has not yet shown great advantages.

On October 5, 2011, the growth status of the seedlings in Area A and Area D was better, which was obviously better than that of other areas; compared with Area D, the seedlings in Area A grew densely and evenly.

On October 6, 2011, the leaves of the seedlings in zone E turned yellow, the stems were red, and the seedlings showed signs of stagnation; the seedlings in zones B, C, and F grew slowly, but the seedlings were in a uniform state.

On October 9, 2011, thick and large leaves grew in area A; insects, ants, etc. appeared in area D, and some insects and flies were also active in area A.

After comparison, there were no obvious insect flies in areas B, C, E, and F, but their growth was weaker than those in areas A and D.

On October 12, 2011, there were more ant activities in area D, no ant activity in area A, and the activity of insects and flies was significantly reduced; the growth of the three areas B, C, and F was even, and the growth status of area F was the best, while area B next.

On October 14, 2011, the plants in area A were growing well, with wide and uniform leaves; the growth of plants in area D was second only to area A; the plants in area B, C, E, and F lacked nutrients.

On October 23, 2011, the green vegetables in the two districts A and D were in the best condition. Compared with the two areas, the green vegetables in area A grow densely and evenly than those in area D; the leaves of green vegetables in area A are thicker than those in area D.

,test results:

(1) The soil indexes after planting green vegetables are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 soil index table after planting crops

project pH EC/(us/cm) NaCl/% CEC/(cmol/kg) Area A 7 920 0.5 27.4 Area B 7 227 0.2 12.1 Area C 7 259 0.3 10.1 District D 7 555 1.5 16.8 Area E 7 111 0.1 7.8 Area F 7 228 1.0 22.6

From the analysis of soil indicators, after the crops grew, the pH of each area did not change; before and after the vegetable planting, the EC and CEC of the soil in each area changed greatly; the soil salinity in each area increased.

(2) Comparison of vegetable roots: From the growth of vegetable roots in each district, vegetables can survive in all districts. The growth of green vegetables in areas A and D is significantly different, and the main root of area A is thicker and more developed than that of area D, and the fibrous root is several times that of area D; the main root system of green vegetables in areas B, C, and F is thinner, but there are more fibrous roots; E Roots are underdeveloped.

, Test summary:

Through the observation of the process from germination to seedling growth of Shanghai Qing seeds, this experiment draws the following conclusions:

1) Before and after planting vegetables, from the comparison of soil indicators, the EC of the soil showed a downward trend, indicating that the soil added with soil conditioner provided certain nutrients for the growth of vegetables.

2) Through the comparison of the salinity changes in the A area and the D area, it shows that the soil conditioner has the function of inhibiting the soil salinity barrier.

3) The change of soil CEC shows that the soil after planting vegetables has a greater improvement in fertilizer retention capacity. The comparison of the growth and root system of the vegetables in the A and D areas shows that the addition of soil conditioners can promote the absorption of organic fertilizers, have good water retention, and improve the ability to retain fertilizers.

4) The test results of Area B, Area C and Area F show that the main function of the soil conditioner is to inhibit the loss of fertilizer, preserve soil nutrients and improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizer. This can be reflected from the growth status of plants in A and D zones. Plants will grow more evenly in areas where the soil conditioner is added.

5) By comparing the growth of plants in zones B, C and F, it shows that the soil conditioner has certain nutrients, and the higher the CEC, the more conducive to plant growth.

Therefore, the soil conditioner prepared by the invention can improve soil structure, increase ion exchange adsorption, and promote effective absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants. Balanced nutrient uptake results in improved crop product quality.

Finally, it should be noted that obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. However, the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation method of a soil conditioner based on rice husk waste, characterized in that, the preparation method is: rice husk is carbonized into powder, water is added by weight ratio: rice husk is equal to 1:0.8 , Add 140-160kg sodium hydroxide per ton of water, carry out stirring reaction at 90-120°C for 4 hours, then add aluminum hydroxide in a ratio of sodium hydroxide: aluminum hydroxide equal to 1:0.6 by weight, After reacting for 4 hours, rinse the reactant, spin and dehydrate it, dry the rinsed reactant until the weight content of water is less than 5%, and grind it into a 200-mesh powder. 2. The preparation method of the soil conditioner based on rice husk waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonization is carried out in a closed flameless combustion mode. 3. The preparation method of the soil conditioner based on rice husk waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drying method is high-temperature drying or far-infrared drying.