CN114524696A

CN114524696A - Organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114524696A
Application number: CN202210189868.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 操苏立
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-02-20
Filing date: 2022-02-20
Publication date: 2022-05-24

Abstract

An organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which relate to the technical field of fertilizer production and processing and fertilization. The cotton field mulching film is tightly attached to the ground, so that gas exchange barrier in the soil is caused; drip irrigation under the film, the soil air is discharged, causing the cotton to lack O₂The yield is reduced. Introduction of Zener O₂Fertilizer for alleviating cotton anaerobic infection₂Stress, increase cottonAnd (4) yield. Macroelement + peroxide element + microelement + synergist + conditioner → proportionally mixing → caking and crushing → stirring and granulating → air sieve → coating → packaging. The specific embodiment is that the cotton seed cake is crushed and added with CuSO with the concentration of 2 to 5 percent₄·NH₃·H₂And O, adding the O, urea, potassium chloride, calcium peroxide, urea phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax and polyaspartic acid into a mixing tank, mixing and stirring, conveying into a pair-roller type or rolling type extrusion granulation device for extrusion granulation, metering and packaging the finished product, and warehousing.

Description

Organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production and processing and fertilization, in particular to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof

Background

"gas" is one of six major elements of soil, O in soil₂When the content is more than or equal to 15 percent, the plant roots are light in color, rich in capillary roots and strong in absorption capacity; o in soil₂When the content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the development of root systems is hindered, and the roots are short and dark; when the soil is O₂When the content is less than or equal to 5%, aerobic respiration of the root system is inhibited, resulting in the presence of the rootLarge amounts of ethanol, lactic acid and other harmful metabolites accumulate, cause the roots to lose function, stop growing, and are easily rotten.

Cotton is a typical terrestrial deep root crop with O transport to the root via the stem and leaves₂The cotton has limited capability, and poor ventilation of the rhizosphere environment can cause the inhibition of cotton growth, the reduction of mineral element absorption and the reduction of dry matter accumulation.

China is the second cotton producing country in the world, and the cotton yield is about 595 ten thousand tons in 2020/2021 years, wherein the cotton yield is 520 thousand tons, which accounts for 87 percent of the domestic yield. The Xinjiang cotton planting adopts a mulching film covering and under-film drip irrigation cultivation mode in a large area, and a mulching film covered by a cotton field is tightly attached to the ground, so that gas exchange barrier in soil is caused; frequent drip irrigation under the film, soil air is discharged in the irrigation process, and soil O is caused by film covering and irrigation₂Reduce the cotton shortage O₂. The cotton is low in O₂In sensitive crops, the influence of the ventilation condition of the rhizosphere on the root volume, the root biomass, the root-crown ratio and the mineral element absorption is large, so that the growth of cotton is influenced, and the yield is reduced. At present, intertillage and soil loosening methods are adopted in production to increase soil air permeability so as to relieve low oxygen content of plants₂The stress is applied, but the intertillage and soil loosening can only be performed at the edge of the mulching film, so that the integrity of the mulching film needs to be protected to the maximum extent to ensure the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the mulching film, and the cotton field in the middle row of the mulching film cannot be intertillated, so that the cotton in the middle of the mulching film cannot be ventilated all the time.

Increasing O by adding₂Fertilizer, rich in O in soil₂Can promote root respiration and microbial metabolism, and relieve cotton suffering from anaerobic infection₂Coercion, enabling root Domain O₂The environment is optimized, the growth of cotton can be promoted, the number of bolls, the weight of bolls and the clothes rate of each plant are obviously increased, and the application amount is increased₂The fertilizer is helpful for improving the yield of cotton drip-irrigated under the film.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer has the advantages of wide material source, environmental friendliness, long fertilizer efficiency period, convenience in application and simplicity in production and processing.

The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention comprises the following steps: a production process flow of an organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer comprises the following steps: macroelement matching, peroxide element matching, microelement matching, synergist matching and conditioner matching → proportionally mixing → caking and crushing → adding adhesive → stirring and granulating → air sieving → coating → packaging.

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

step 1, raw material proportioning: the raw materials are prepared according to a certain proportion (N: P)₂O₅∶K₂O∶O₂∶NH₂CHRCOOH (amino acid):FA (fulvic acid ) wt (weight ratio, the same below) N: P₂O₅∶K₂O∶O₂∶NH₂CHRCOOH (amino acid) and FA (fulvic acid and fulvic acid) wt (weight ratio, the same below) are 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: P₂O₅∶K₂O∶O₂∶NH₂CHRCOOH 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: P₂O₅∶O₂FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: K₂O∶O₂FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.01-2: 0.001-20: or P₂O₅∶K₂O∶O₂∶NH₂CHRCOOH, FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20; other elements are mixed according to any proportion or independently;

step 2, mixed feeding: mixing and stirring the prepared raw materials, and improving the uniform fertilizer efficiency content of the whole fertilizer particles;

and 3, caking and crushing: crushing the mixed and stirred raw materials into large blocks, blocks and the like, and adding a conditioner;

and 4, stirring and granulating: granulating the uniformly stirred and crushed material;

step 5, primary screening: primarily screening the semi-finished product of the particles, and returning unqualified particles to a mixing and stirring link for reprocessing;

step 6, secondary grading: grading the particles, screening out qualified products, and crushing unqualified particles for re-granulation;

step 7, coating the finished product particles: the qualified product is coated and coated, so that the brightness and the roundness of the granules are increased, and the flowability of fertilizer application is increased.

Step 8, quantitatively packaging finished particles: the particles coated with the film are conveyed into a storage bin through a belt conveyor for temporary storage, and then are connected with an electronic quantitative packaging scale, a bag sewing machine and other automatic quantitative packaging and sealing bags, and the ventilation positions are placed for storage.

The nitrogen of the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer is provided by at least one of urea, urea-formaldehyde fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, liquid ammonia, ammonia water, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, urea phosphate, ammonium phosphate phosphorus, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and ammonium urea; the phosphorus is provided by at least one of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, ammonium polyphosphate and urea phosphate; the potassium is provided by at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium iodate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, potassium carbonate, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium formate; boron is provided by borax and boric acid; the zinc is selected from zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate and zinc sulfide; the magnesium is provided by at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride and magnesium peroxide; the oxygen is provided by at least one of calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid and sodium percarbonate; the cobalt is provided by at least one of cobalt sulfate and cobalt chloride. (the raw materials are all sold on the market);

the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer contains microorganism beneficial bacteria, which are provided by at least one of bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus, mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic flora, bacillus coagulans, aspergillus oryzae and paecilomyces lilacinus (all the raw materials are commercially available);

the conditioner adopted by the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: ammonium bicarbonate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, zeolite powder, sepiolite powder, gypsum, magnesia (bitter earth), dolomite powder (large white powder), double flying powder, talcum powder, diatomite, crop straws, livestock manure, vegetable oil residue, edible fungus culture medium, yeast fermentation leftovers and sugar pressing leftovers, wherein the synergist comprises: polyglutamic acid, polyaspartic acid, aminobutyric acid, tryptophan, fulvic acid (fulvic acid), yeast zymocyte, microalgae, animal amino acid (protein) and plant amino acid (protein), wherein the anti-caking agent comprises: at least one of tablet, powder, aqueous solution and oil solution, and at least one of various adhesives, long-acting control agent, colorant, quick-dissolving agent, pyroligneous liquor, nitrogen inhibitor, vegetable oil polyurethane coating, polyurethane coating and urea low-temperature melting agent (the above raw materials are all commercially available).

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages.

Compared with the prior art, the product of the invention has the advantages of the following aspects.

Through a comparison test of applying an organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and a common cotton special fertilizer in a field, the common cotton special fertilizer is based on the currently accepted cotton N: P₂O₅∶K₂The O absorption ratio is 1: 0.3: 1, the total nutrient content is equal to that of an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer).

And (3) treatment: t1 Fertilizer (CK) special for common cotton

T2 organic-inorganic composite fertilizer (made by the method of example 1)

The test results (see tables 1 and 2).

Table 1 table unit of cotton fertility characteristics for organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer test: month, day, natural growth vigor, uniformity: good (1), good (2), general (3), poor (4), poor (5)

1. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer can advance the growth period of cotton and enhance the growth vigor

As can be seen from Table 1, the growth period of the cotton treated by T2 is 6 days earlier than that of the cotton treated by T1, the growth vigor and uniformity are correspondingly improved by 2 grades, and a better foundation is laid for high and stable yield of the cotton.

2. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer has obvious effect of increasing the yield of cotton

TABLE 2 statistics table for cotton yield in organic and inorganic compound (mixed) fertilizer test

As can be seen in table 2: compared with T1, the single plant boll forming of the T2 cotton is increased by 0.4, the single boll weight is increased by 0.6g, and the yield of the cotton is increased by 95.8 kg/666.67m²The clothes score is increased by 1.3 percent, and the yield of the ginned cotton is increased by 49.4kg/666.67m². Statistical analysis shows that the yield is extremely remarkable.

3. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer can improve the economic benefit of cotton planting

Compared with the common cotton special fertilizer, the production cost of the organic and inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer is increased by 400 yuan/ton, and the application amount is 50kg/666.67m²Increase the cost by 20 yuan/666.67 m²(ii) a While the cotton yield is increased by 49.4kg/666.67m²According to 8.00 yuan/kg, the income is increased to 395.2 yuan/666.67 m²Deducting and increasing cost 20 Yuan/666.67 m²Net increase 375.2 yuan/666.67 m²The economic benefit is very remarkable.

4. The beneficial effect of applying calcium peroxide in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer

CaO₂Is an inorganic compound, has no odor and odor, and is slightly soluble in water. In the presence of moisture and CO₂Can be slowly decomposed and absorb CO in the existing environment₂Conversion to CaCO₃Simultaneously release O₂。

At present, CaO has been introduced at home and abroad₂Widely used in aquiculture, rice and tobacco seed coating treatment, edible fungus production and other fields₂The successful application of the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer as an oxygen element in cotton production is rarely reported, and the invention has the characteristics of remarkable progress.

Mixed with CaO₂The fertilizer is also called as an active fertilizer,has more regulating and promoting effects on the growth of crops. CaO (CaO)₂Can be slowly decomposed in soil to release O₂，1kg CaO₂(pure product) can produce 0.22kgO₂. Rich in O in soil₂The air permeability of the soil can be increased, the growth of plant roots is facilitated, and the growth of bacteria can be controlled through chemical oxidation. Can also improve the respiration condition of the root system, improve the activity of the root and improve the absorption rate of the fertilizer. Promoting metabolism of crops, increasing disease and pest resistance, improving product quality, and increasing product yield. CaO (CaO)₂Decompose to release O₂The time is only 14 days, the effect on the cotton with longer growth cycle is limited, and the patent prolongs CaO by using polyglutamic acid and polyaspartic acid as the slow release agent of the oxygen fertilizer₂Decompose to release O₂The time is up to 120d, and the low O of cotton is solved₂Stress problems. CaO (CaO)₂Can be used as an oxidant for disinfection, and can effectively kill anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.

5. The beneficial effect of the application of polyglutamic acid in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer

Polyglutamic acid, as the name implies, is a collection of many glutamic acids. Is a degradable high molecular polymer formed by gamma-amido bond formed by D-or L-glutamic acid, and the degradation product is glutamic acid which is non-toxic and harmless.

The fertilizer utilization rate is improved, elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg and the like can be enriched in the compound fertilizer prepared from polyglutamic acid, the total nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 50-60%, the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is improved by more than 5%, and the potassium fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 15-20%. .

② improving the soil quality

Polyglutamic acid has negative charge carboxyl group and can limit and prevent SO in fertilizer₄ ^2-、CO₃ ^2-、PO₄ ^3-、C₂O₄ ^2-And the combination of trace elements such as Ca, Mg and the like avoids the generation of low-solubility salts and the precipitation effect and avoids the hardening of acidic soil and soil caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizers. Creates a good growing environment for crops.

③ sustained and controlled release effect

The polyglutamic acid can absorb and store nutrients, store the temporarily unused nutrients of plants, inhibit the quick decomposition and loss of fertilizer components, directly reduce the fertilizer consumption by more than 20 percent, prolong the release time of the fertilizer in soil by about 4 times, apply enough base fertilizer to crops, basically meet the nutritional requirement of the whole growth period, do not need additional fertilizer, greatly reduce the labor intensity and reduce the pollution caused by excessive use of the fertilizer.

Fourthly, improving the quality of the crops

Polyglutamic acid has the effect of improving the quality of crops. The content of vitamin C in the small green vegetables can be obviously improved (18.1%), and the content of nitrite (44.8%) is obviously reduced; the polyglutamic acid can also obviously improve the content of vitamin C in the citrus, the difference reaches a very obvious level of 40.2 percent, and the citrus can have natural waxing effect. The content of chlorophyll in the pakchoi can be increased by 5.66% by applying polyglutamic acid in the planting process of the pakchoi.

The polyglutamic acid can promote the root system development of the plants.

6. The beneficial effect of the application of the polyaspartic acid in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer

The polyaspartic acid as a fertilizer synergist mainly acts on four aspects:

(1) improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer

After the polyaspartic acid is applied, N, P, K nutrients in soil keep high effectiveness in each period, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer can be improved by 15.3%, the utilization rate of a phosphate fertilizer is improved by 8.3%, and the utilization rate of a potassium fertilizer is improved by 10.7%. The fertilizer can be saved by about 20 percent per mu, and the symptom of nutrient deficiency is not easy to occur.

(2) Long-acting sustained release

The polyaspartic acid can adsorb, chelate and store excessive nutrients, and is slowly released according to the growth and development requirements of crops, so that the requirements of the growth and development of the crops in the middle and later periods are met, and the phenomenon of fertilizer release in the middle and later periods is avoided.

(3) Increasing crop yield

The mixed use of polyaspartic acid and fertilizer by different crops reflects the same result, namely, the yield is increased by about 5-30%, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.

(4) Promote root growth and enhance stress resistance

The polyaspartic acid is not a hormone, but can effectively promote the growth of the root system of the crops, so that longer main roots and more capillary roots can grow, the surface area of the roots is increased, the capability of the crops for absorbing water and nutrients is improved, and the stress resistances of the crops, such as lodging resistance, dry hot wind resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance and the like, are enhanced.

(5) Green environmental protection, improving soil

The polyaspartic acid is a non-toxic, pollution-free, degradable, hormone-free, heavy metal-free and environment-friendly product without any side effect. The polyaspartic acid can reduce the adverse effect of excessive fertilization on the environment, and can activate the nutrient elements in a fixed state (solidified) in the soil, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and improving the soil quality.

7. The beneficial effect of the application of the fulvic acid in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer

The fulvic acid is purified from the humic acid, has smaller molecular weight, can be directly absorbed by crops, has faster effect and less consumption except the advantage function of the humic acid, is alkaline in the aqueous solution of the humic acid and not suitable for being applied to saline-alkali soil, and is acidic in the aqueous solution of the fulvic acid and more suitable for being applied to the saline-alkali soil; the growth promoting factor with fulvic acid and high biological activity plays a comprehensive role in regulating the growth and development of plants; after the fulvic acid is applied to the soil, the absorption of N, P, K nutrients in the soil is obviously improved, nitrogen can be fixed, the loss and volatilization of nitrogen elements are reduced, phosphorus is dissolved, the phosphorus elements are released from the soil through chelation with the phosphorus elements and are used for plant absorption, and the utilization rate of the phosphorus is improved; the active potassium can convert the insoluble potassium into soluble potassium through the ion exchange function, so that the utilization rate of the potassium is improved; chelating insoluble trace elements to generate fulvic acid trace element chelate which has good solubility and can be absorbed by crops, and is beneficial to root system absorption, thereby greatly improving the nutrient utilization rate and increasing the fertilizer efficiency. The fulvic acid is combined with nitrogen, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer can be increased by 10%, and the utilization rate of phosphorus can be increased by more than 1 time.

8. The beneficial effect of the application of the plant cake fertilizer in the organic and inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer

The dregs after the oil is extracted from the oil-containing plant seeds are called cake fertilizer when used as fertilizer. The cake fertilizer is rich in organic matters and nitrogen, and contains P, K and various trace elements in certain amount. The cake fertilizer contains 75-85% of organic matter, 1.11-7.00% of N and P₂O₅0.37％～3.00％，K₂0.85 to 2.13 percent of O, and contains protein, amino acid, trace elements and the like. After the cake fertilizer is applied to soil, the cake fertilizer is converted into humus under the action of soil microorganisms, the humus is further decomposed, and nutrient elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Cu and the like can be released and can be continuously absorbed and utilized by crops. The organic matter content of the soil can be improved by applying cake fertilizer. The soil organic matter can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil: promote the generation of granular structures, increase the porosity of the soil, adjust the water-gas ratio of the soil and lead the three-phase (solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase) ratio and the physical and chemical properties of the soil to be more reasonable. Thereby improving the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil, improving the ventilation performance of the soil, stimulating the growth and development of root systems and promoting rooting. In saline-alkali soil, organic fertilizer is additionally applied, and the method is one of effective ways for improving the saline-alkali soil. The waste cottonseed produced by cottonseed processing can also replace cottonseed cake.

9. The application of the straws in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer has the beneficial effects that at present, the straws in vast rural areas are treated mainly by two modes of direct returning and burning, and the straws are directly returned to the field, so that the contradiction that soil microorganisms (i.e. the microorganisms converted from the straws) compete for nutrients with crop seedlings, and even the phenomena of yellow seedlings, dead seedlings, yield reduction and the like are easy to occur; the straws are directly returned to the field, and insect eggs and bacteria-carrying pathogens in the straws cannot be killed in the direct crushing process of the straws and are left in the soil after being returned to the field, so that the damage of diseases and insects is increased year by year. The straws are burnt, although worm eggs, pathogens and grass seeds are killed in the burning process, the burning causes resource waste, environmental pollution and ecological damage. The invention adopts straw carbonization treatment, not only solves the problems that the straw is difficult to decay when being directly returned to the field and the agricultural production is influenced, but also can effectively solve the problem of air pollution caused by straw burning, and simultaneously, the biomass carbonization treatment is returned to the field in the form of biomass carbon fertilizer, so that the nutrients and biomass organic matters in the straw can be recycled to the maximum extent, the using amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the yield and the quality of crops are improved.

The invention uses the cotton seed cake, the cotton straw, the chemical fertilizer, the oxygen, the amino acid and other multifunctional elements, continuously applies the cotton seed cake or the cotton straw compound chemical fertilizer for many years, obviously improves the cotton yield, reduces the using amount of the chemical fertilizer, increases the soil fertility, improves the soil and produces green healthy agricultural products.

10. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer can relieve cotton fusarium wilt (verticillium wilt)

The cotton wilt is one of the most serious diseases in cotton production, which is called as the cancer of cotton, and has great difficulty in preventing and treating. Generally, diseases can be developed at the seedling stage, and a large amount of dead seedlings appear, so that plants are deficient and ridges are broken; in the middle and later stages, cotton plants are attacked, leaves become yellow, dry and fall off, so that the boll formation is rare, the boll weight is reduced, the fiber quality is reduced, and even the cotton plants wither and die, so that the yield of the cotton is seriously reduced.

The cotton verticillium wilt is the first disease of cotton, has wide transmission path and serious harm, leaves of light people are green and yellow, buds and bolls fall off, the yield is seriously reduced, the whole plant of heavy people dies in pieces, and the cotton is dead in delivery. The disease is not easy to control, and is also called as the cancer of cotton like cotton wilt.

The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer N, P, K is preferably mixed according to the proportion of N: P₂O₅∶K₂The ratio of O1 to 0.7 to 1, and the fertilizer application according to the ratio can effectively control diseases and improve the yield of cotton. (the proportion of the common cotton special fertilizer N, P, K is N: P₂O₅∶K₂O1: 0.3: 1 recognized mode for formulation or 1: 1 equilibrium mode). The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer is applied by organic and inorganic formulas to improve the soil quality and improve the soil essentially, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the soil fertility. The land becomes fertile, and the germ is difficult to invade, which is a means for solving the problem from the rootThe present invention has the characteristic of remarkable improvement.

11. The beneficial effect of the application of potassium phosphite in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer

K₂HPO₃The potassium phosphite is 'a fertilizer in pesticide, a pesticide in the fertilizer', not only has the functional characteristics of the traditional fertilizer, but also does not contain pesticide components and can exert the efficacy of the pesticide. When pathogenic bacteria invade, K₂HPO₃Can induce plant cells to produce lignin, increase the thickness of cell walls, make the cell walls hard and firm, and limit pathogenic bacteria in the cell walls, single cells or local tissues, thereby preventing further invasion and expansion of the pathogenic bacteria. K₂HPO₃The vaccine is equivalent to the crop vaccine, is applied before the crop is attacked, enables the crop to generate antibodies in advance, generates an immune effect on diseases, kills pathogenic bacteria at an infection stage, and thus more effectively protects the normal growth of the crop, and is a 'pesticide fertilizer' in the true sense.

12. CuSO in organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer₄·NH₃·H₂NH in O₃·H₂O can provide a nitrogen source, CuSO₄Cu in (1)²⁺Can be sterilized.

NH₃·H₂O (ammonia water) is a fertilizer with the highest nitrogen content and has been used as a fertilizer for many years, but because the danger is high and the application concentration is difficult to master, the ammonia water is not used as a fertilizer independently except for providing a nitrogen source as a raw material for preparing the fertilizer at present; CuSO₄The bactericide is a fertilizer, is a commonly used bactericide, is a Bordeaux mixture, a copper soap solution and a copper ammonium preparation, is prepared from copper sulfate, quicklime, soap and ammonium bicarbonate, and has the sterilization and disinfection principle as follows: after the copper sulfate liquid medicine is sprayed, soluble Cu is released²⁺The preparation has the characteristics of wide sterilization spectrum, long lasting period, no resistance of pathogenic bacteria, low toxicity to people and livestock and the like, and is the bactericide with the longest application history.

CaO₂Can effectively kill anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, CuSO₄Cu as a broad-spectrum fungicide with the longest history of use²⁺Can be sterilized. K is₂HPO₃The compound fertilizer is equivalent to a vaccine of crops, kills pathogenic bacteria at an infection stage, is cooperated with an organic-inorganic compound (mixed) fertilizer, resists blight (wilt) in multiple directions, and has obvious effect.

13. Beneficial effect of promoting precocity in organic and inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer

An organic-inorganic composite fertilizer can promote the cotton to bloom and bear bolls 6 days earlier and the bolls are concentrated, so that the boll-forming peak coincides with the optimal boll-bearing period, the yield and quality of cotton are increased and the economic benefit is increased.

14. The application of the wood vinegar in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer has beneficial effects. The pyroligneous liquor is a liquid product produced by carrying out thermal cracking and carbonization on agricultural and forestry wastes such as wood, straw and the like, is generally brown transparent liquid, has strong physiological activity, mainly contains various organic matters such as phenols, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes and the like, has the specific antibacterial activity component of phenol substances with the relative content of 40 percent, and can be used as a disinfectant for soil. The pyroligneous liquor has rich organic matter content, and can be used as fertilizer on field crops to prevent crop diseases and insect pests and promote crop growth. The pH value of the wood vinegar is 2.3-3.5, the wood vinegar is weakly acidic, and the wood vinegar is a conditioner for adjusting the pH value in an organic and inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer. The wood vinegar is a biomass resource with wide prospect, the popularization of the wood vinegar is beneficial to improving the comprehensive utilization of plant resources, and the wood vinegar has positive significance for environmental protection and social sustainable development.

15. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer has complete nutrients, is rich in organic and inorganic components and medium and trace elements such as Ca, Zn, B and the like, has lasting and stable fertility, has the comprehensive advantages of stress resistance, yield increase and quality improvement, is a novel functional fertilizer, has the functions of saving energy, reducing emission, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and improving the quality of agricultural products, can reduce the application amount of the fertilizer, improves the soil fertility level, accords with the national green development policy of zero increase of the usage amount of the fertilizer, reduces the ecological environment pollution caused by excessive application of the fertilizer, and has strong realistic significance for promoting the efficient and safe development of ecological agriculture. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer can be applied to cotton, and can be used for rice, wheat, corn, soybean, sorghum, potato, peanut, sunflower, oil plants, vegetables, melons, fruits, forest trees, fruit trees, gardening and flower crops by properly adjusting the formula according to the fertilizer absorption rule of different crops, so that the application prospect is very wide.

Detailed Description

The invention limits the components of an organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer in a pure nutrient calibration mode, and refers to the calculation mode of nutrients in the national standards GB/T15063-containing 2020 composite fertilizer and GB/T18877-containing 2020 organic-inorganic composite fertilizer.

The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention. The various chemical reagents and chemical articles mentioned in the present invention are all well known and commonly used in the prior art unless otherwise specified; the percentages in the present invention are all mass percentages unless otherwise specified.

The embodiments of the present application are only used for illustrating the technical features disclosed in the present application, and the changes made by those skilled in the art through simple replacement still belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Example 1

1) Raw material selection: weighing 42.0 parts of cottonseed cake, 3.5 parts of urea, 24.0 parts of potassium chloride, 10.0 parts of calcium peroxide, 13.0 parts of urea phosphate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate (chelate), 0.5 part of borax and 0.05 part of polyaspartic acid according to parts by weight; the balance being a conditioner.

The cotton seed cake contains 3.41% of nitrogen, 1.63% of phosphorus, 0.97% of potassium, 46% of urea nitrogen, 17% of urea phosphate nitrogen, 44.9% of phosphorus and 60% of potassium chloride.

N-P₂O₅-K₂O-O₂18-12-18-2

2) Raw material treatment:

adding strong ammonia water into the copper sulfate solution to firstly separate out light blue basic copper sulfate precipitate, and dissolving the precipitate when the ammonia water is excessive to simultaneously form copper tetraammide (II) complex ions.

And (3) processing the cotton seed cakes, namely crushing the cotton seed cakes, wherein the fineness of the crushed particles is required to be less than or equal to 0.05 mm. Then adding CuSO with the concentration of 2-5 percent₄·NH₃·H₂And stirring and mixing the O (mass fraction, the same below) solution, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the mixed materials is 7: 3. Stacking reaction is carried out for 24 hours at room temperature, and 1% of CaO is added as a preservative;

3) mixing raw materials: putting the fermented cottonseed cakes and powdery fertilizer raw materials into a mixing tank for mixing and stirring;

4) extruding and granulating: after being uniformly stirred, the mixture is sent into a double-roller or rolling type extrusion granulation equipment for extrusion granulation, and the granularity of the extruded product is determined according to the index 2.0-5.6 mm of the strip-shaped granular product in GB 1506-94.

5) Drying and screening: and drying and screening the extruded and granulated semi-finished product, and metering, packaging and warehousing the finished product. And returning the screenings to the system for recycling.

Example 2

(1) Pretreatment of cotton straws: after the cotton is harvested, collecting and crushing cotton stalks, wherein the size of the crushed material is preferably 3-5 mm. Fermentation: and (4) selecting a fermentation site. A cement site close to a water source and exposed to the sun in a leeward mode is selected, the plane is slightly higher than the periphery of the cement site, and water accumulation in heavy rain seasons is avoided. The method comprises the steps of spreading cotton straw powder on a cement ground, enabling the cotton straw powder to be 20-30 cm thick, watering the cotton straw powder thoroughly by using 0.5% of urea, 1% of wetting agent and 70% of clear water in the mass of the straw, enabling the cotton straw powder to be approximately 65% in water content, and enabling the cotton straw powder to be held by hands to be agglomerated and water to exist between fingers without dripping. Then adding a fermentation bacterium agent accounting for 0.1-10% of the weight of the materials to rapidly ferment and thoroughly decompose the materials; turning and stirring for 1-2 times, and stacking into stacks with width of 2m and height of 1.5m and unlimited length. The pile cannot be compacted, and the air permeability is kept. The pile is covered tightly by a plastic film to improve the fermentation temperature and prevent rain from pouring.

Turning: fermenting the piled cotton straw powder for 7-10 days at the temperature of about 60 ℃, and turning over once after 24-36 hours; then turning over for the second time when the temperature reaches 60 ℃; along with the sharp rise of the temperature of the material pile and the continuous accumulation of heat, a large amount of moisture in the material is evaporated and dissipated, and water is properly supplemented according to the condition while the material is turned over. After the second turning, the mixture is naturally placed for 5 to 7 days, and the fermentation is finished when the fermentation temperature is stabilized below 40 ℃.

The cotton straw powder contains 0.048% of nitrogen, 0.006% of phosphorus, 0.040% of potassium, 46% of urea nitrogen, 17% of urea phosphate nitrogen, 44.9% of phosphorus and 60% of potassium chloride.

N-P₂O₅-K₂O-O₂16-12-16-2

(2) And mixing raw materials: putting the fermented cotton straw powder and the powdery fertilizer raw material into a mixing tank for mixing and stirring;

(3) and extruding and granulating: after being uniformly stirred, the mixture is sent into a double-roller or rolling type extrusion granulation equipment for extrusion granulation, and the granularity of the extruded product is determined according to the index 2.0-5.6 mm of the strip-shaped granular product in GB 1506-94.

(4) And drying and screening: and drying and screening the extruded and granulated semi-finished product, and metering, packaging and warehousing the finished product. And returning the screenings to the system for recycling.

Example 3

Firstly, carbonizing the straws, after the cotton is harvested, crushing the cotton straws, wherein the size of the crushed materials is 3-5 mm, and carbonizing the crushed straws in a carbonizing machine through four steps.

The first step, in a drying stage, the temperature in a furnace is 120-150 ℃, and the process mainly evaporates the moisture in the raw materials;

step two, in a pre-carbonization stage, the temperature in the furnace rises to 150-275 ℃, the straws start pyrolysis reaction, and hemicellulose is decomposed into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, acetic acid and the like;

thirdly, in a carbonization stage, further pyrolyzing the straws to generate a large amount of combustible gas and wood tar and pyroligneous liquor, wherein the temperature in the furnace is 275-450 ℃;

and fourthly, in the calcining stage, when the temperature reaches more than 450 ℃, a large amount of heat is still needed to calcine the straw carbon, the residual volatile substances are discharged, and the fixed carbon content of the straw carbon is improved.

Weighing 10.0 parts of carbonized straw powder, 25.0 parts of urea, 25.0 parts of potassium chloride, 10.0 parts of calcium peroxide, 25.0 parts of urea phosphate, 2.0 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate (chelate), 0.5 part of borax and 0.05 part of polyaspartic acid according to parts by weight; the balance being a conditioner.

Mixing the raw materials: putting the well carbonized cotton straw powder and the powdery chemical fertilizer raw material into a mixing tank for mixing and stirring;

extruding and granulating: after being uniformly stirred, the mixture is sent into a double-roller or rolling type extrusion granulation equipment for extrusion granulation, and the granularity of the extruded product is determined according to the index 2.0-5.6 mm of the strip-shaped granular product in GB 1506-94.

Drying and screening: and drying and screening the extruded and granulated semi-finished product, and metering, packaging and warehousing the finished product. And returning the screenings to the system for recycling.

Application method

In the application method 1, when the cotton field is ploughed, 750kg of organic and inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer is uniformly spread in the cotton field per hectare to serve as a base fertilizer, and the field is leveled for sowing.

In the application method 2, when the cotton field is ploughed, an organic-inorganic compound (mixed) fertilizer or other compound fertilizers are uniformly spread in the cotton field as base fertilizers, during the growth period of cotton, drip irrigation is combined, an aerator is connected to a water inlet to aerate irrigation water, oxygen is dissolved in the irrigation water, and the oxygen or the fertilizers are conveyed to the rhizosphere of the cotton by using the water for absorption and utilization of the cotton.

The application method 3 is characterized in that when the cotton field is ploughed, an organic-inorganic compound (mixed) fertilizer or other compound fertilizers are uniformly spread in the cotton field as base fertilizers, during the growth period of cotton, drip irrigation is combined, oxygen-containing substances are dissolved in irrigation water at a water inlet, and oxygen or fertilizers are conveyed to the rhizosphere of the cotton by using the water for absorption and utilization of the cotton.

Claims

1. An organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps: the nitrogen in the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer is prepared from urea, urea peroxide, ammonium sulfate, urea-formaldehyde fertilizer, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, liquid ammonia, ammonia water, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, urea phosphate, ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and ammonium ureaWherein the phosphorus is provided by at least one of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate phosphorus, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, ammonium polyphosphate and urea phosphate, the potassium is provided by at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphite, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium iodate and potassium formate, the boron is provided by at least one of borax, boric acid, chelated boron and polymeric boron, the zinc is provided by at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate, zinc sulfide and chelated zinc, the magnesium is provided by at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium peroxide and chelated magnesium, and the oxygen is provided by at least one of calcium peroxide, urea peroxide, sodium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid,Sodium percarbonateThe synergist is at least one of polyglutamic acid, polyaspartic acid, glycine, leucine, tryptophan, aminobutyric acid, fulvic acid, fish protein, yeast zymocyte, microalgae, amino acid, humic acid, alginic acid, algal polysaccharide, chitosan, alginate oligosaccharide, immune protein and chitin, the main raw materials are prepared according to a certain proportion, and the ratio of N to P is N to P₂O₅∶K₂O∶O₂∶NH₂CHRCOOH (amino acid) and FA (fulvic acid and fulvic acid) wt (weight ratio, the same below) are 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: P₂O₅∶K₂O∶O₂∶NH₂CHRCOOH 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: P₂O₅∶O₂FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: K₂O∶O₂FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.01-2: 0.001-20: or P₂O₅∶K₂O∶O₂∶NH₂CHRCOOH, FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20), and other elements are mixed according to any proportion or independently;

2. the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: a microbial agent in an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is provided by at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus, mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic flora, bacillus coagulans, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae and paecilomyces lilacinus;

3. the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: a conditioner in organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared from at least one of ammonium bicarbonate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, zeolite powder, sepiolite powder, gypsum, magnesium oxide (bitter earth), dolomite powder (white powder), calcium carbonate, talcum powder, and diatomite;

4. the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: an anti-caking agent in an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following components: at least one of tablet, powder, aqueous solution and oil solution, and at least one of various adhesives, long-acting control agent, colorant, quick-dissolving agent, pyroligneous liquor, nitrogen inhibitor, vegetable oil polyurethane coating, polyurethane coating and urea low-temperature melting agent;

5. the organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: crushing the cottonseed cake, adding CuSO with the concentration of 2-5 percent₄·NH₃·H₂And O, adding the O, urea, potassium chloride, calcium peroxide, urea phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax and polyaspartic acid into a mixing tank, mixing and stirring, conveying into a pair-roller type or rolling type extrusion granulation device for extrusion granulation, metering and packaging the finished product, and warehousing.

6. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: the waste cottonseed produced by cottonseed processing can replace cottonseed cake.

7. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: fermenting or carbonizing cotton straw, adding urea, potassium chloride, calcium peroxide, urea phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax and polyaspartic acid into a mixing tank, mixing and stirring, feeding into a pair-roller type or rolling type extrusion granulation device for extrusion granulation, metering and packaging finished products, and warehousing.

8. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: an application method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is characterized by that when the cotton field is ploughed, an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is uniformly spread as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is prepared for sowing.

9. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: a method for applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer includes such steps as uniformly spreading an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or other compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, applying an oxygen-enriching machine to the water inlet of cotton by drip irrigation during its growth period, dissolving oxygen in the irrigating water, and delivering the oxygen and fertilizer to the root of cotton by water medium for absorption and utilization.

10. The organic-inorganic composite (mixed) fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: a method for applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer includes such steps as uniformly spreading an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or other compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, dissolving oxygen-contained substance in the irrigation water at water inlet by drip irrigation during the growth of cotton, and delivering oxygen and fertilizer to the root of cotton by water medium for absorption.