CN103864536B - Full-nutrient paddy rice seedling breeding matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice seedling raising substrate, which belongs to the technical field of soilless cultivation. A full-nutrition rice seedling-raising substrate, which is prepared from the following raw materials: decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, clay, zeolite powder or bentonite, vermiculite, fine river sand, rice husk powder or corn stalk powder or mushroom slag powder , Soy Flour, Ammonium Sulfate, Superphosphate, Potassium Chloride, Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate, Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate, Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate, Boric Acid, Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate, Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate, and Sodium Silicate Nonahydrate. The seedling raising substrate of the invention has strong fertilizer and water retention properties, good air permeability, large buffering capacity, complete nutrients and long-lasting fertility, and the pH is 5.0-5.5. The seedling raising substrate of the invention uses agricultural waste such as rice husks, corn stalks, mushroom residues, etc., has low cost, is suitable for mass production, has good seedling raising effects, and is convenient for farmers to use.

Description

A kind of substrate for dry seedling raising of full-nutrition rice and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to a seedling-raising substrate, in particular to a full-nutrition paddy dry seedling-raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soilless cultivation.

Background technique

Rice is the most important food crop in my country with a huge planting area. Heilongjiang Province is an important grain production base in my country, with an annual total grain output of nearly 100 billion catties. In recent years, the area of rice in Heilongjiang Province has continued to expand. Since most rice seedlings are raised using dry-raised and sparse-planting techniques, it is necessary to collect a large amount of topsoil of 15-20 cm of high-quality upland cultivated land as seedling bed soil every year. Because Heilongjiang Province is located in a cold temperate zone, the temperature in spring is low, the soil thaws slowly, and it is difficult to obtain soil for rice seedling cultivation. The waiting time for sowing is short and the farming season is tight, which affects the timely drought seedling raising of rice and delays the farming time. development of. According to the current agronomic measures for raising rice seedlings in dry soil, Heilongjiang Province needs at least 13.2 million tons of bed soil every year, which is equivalent to the removal of about 8,000 hectares of high-quality cultivated land topsoil, resulting in a serious loss of cultivated land resources. Seedbed soil extraction will also cause serious ecological problems such as soil desertification and soil erosion. Although the use of soil for seedling cultivation has been applied for a long time and a relatively complete technical system has been formed, soil-borne diseases, weed hazards, and secondary salinity hazards still pose threats to the quality of seedlings. Using soil as the substrate for raising seedlings requires complex procedures such as preparation, disinfection, and acid adjustment. The technical requirements are relatively high. If you are not careful, bacterial wilt and blight often occur, resulting in failure of seedling raising, wasting manpower and material resources, and may delay. farming season. Substrate seedlings rarely use soil, or do not use soil, but use cheap and easy-to-obtain agricultural organic wastes suitable for the growth of rice seedlings in cold regions, such as rice husks, straw, livestock and poultry manure, etc., which are decomposed and harmless Finally, it has the advantages of water and fertilizer retention, complete nutrition, strong air and water permeability, disease prevention and disease resistance, lodging resistance, and good thermal insulation performance.

Rice seedling substrates can use cheap and easy-to-obtain organic wastes such as rice husks, straws, compost, and peat as raw materials, so that a large amount of agricultural organic wastes can be recycled, preventing straw burning and harmful gas emissions, and saving precious biological resource. Japan has widely used carbonized rice husk as a filler for rice seedlings a long time ago. Carbonized rice husk is not only used to increase the amount of bed soil, but also can cultivate strong seedlings, which has attracted much attention. This kind of matrix has good permeability, and the roots are easy to stretch in it, and there are no grass seeds and no germs, so strong seedlings can be cultivated. Rice husks can be obtained locally, and the price is low, but the nutritional content of rice husks is very low and alkaline, so it must be crushed, adjusted to pH, and combined with the application of full-priced nutrient fertilizers or special fertilizers with reasonable formulas, it can be used for seedling cultivation. It is cumbersome to operate and brings inconvenience to the cultivation of farmers.

The straw board can also be used as a substrate for rice seedlings. The straw cut into small pieces is used as a material, and then mixed with waste paper and other plastic materials, and pressed into a board of about 1 cm. When sowing, put it into a seedling tray, and then sow and cultivate soil. Straw is an organic matter with good water absorption and water retention, and it gradually decomposes during the seedling raising process. The rhizosphere has good air permeability, which is beneficial to the growth of the root system. At present, the seedling quality of this seedling raising method is not as good as that of ordinary dry seedling raising. The reason is related to the organic acid produced during the straw decomposition process and the microbial activity competing for nutrients with the seedlings.

Since Heilongjiang Province is the province with the largest corn planting area in the country, the province has more than 90 million mu of corn and can produce more than 25.6 million tons of straw every year. The paddy area is more than 50 million mu, the straw is more than 16.6 million tons, and the rice husk is more than 4.4 million tons. Therefore, rice husks, straws, etc. have a wide range of sources and are cheap and easy to get.

However, when these organic substrates are directly used alone, there are some disadvantages. For example, if rice, corn or rice bran is used directly as a seedling raising substrate, it will naturally ferment, release heat, produce organic acids, etc. during the seedling raising process, and even spread diseases, making the rice seedlings very weak. If combined with biotechnology, that is, the use of enzyme compound bacterial agents, with a certain proportion of livestock and poultry manure, etc., it can speed up the decomposing process, have sterilization and antivirus effects, and can also improve nutrient availability. Then these decomposed straws can be properly proportioned with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available nutrients, trace elements, and carbonized rice husks, as a new type of dry rice seedling substrate. Therefore, it has become a technical problem to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art to develop a fully nutritious paddy rice dry seedling raising substrate that is convenient for farmers to use.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of full-nutrition rice dry seedling raising substrate and its preparation method, which utilizes organic wastes such as rice husks, straws, mushroom dregs, etc., which have a wide range of sources and low cost, and are combined with other raw materials in appropriate proportions to produce Complete nutrient paddy dry seedling raising substrate, the substrate of the present invention has the advantages of good fertilizer retention, water retention and aeration, is suitable for conditions such as water, fertilizer and acidity required for the growth of rice seedlings, and has the effects of disease resistance and strong seedlings; using the substrate of the present invention Raising rice seedlings with dry rice seedling raising substrates can not only avoid bacterial wilt and blight that may often occur in traditional soil seedling raising, but also save a lot of high-quality soil, so that large areas of cultivated land will not be destroyed, and at the same time make full use of a large amount of soil. Organic waste, making full use of resources; convenient for farmers to use.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A full-nutrition paddy rice seedling-raising substrate, which is prepared from the following raw materials according to the stated parts by mass: 240,000-260,000 parts by mass of decomposed organic fertilizer, 130,000-150,000 parts by mass of peat, 220,000 parts by mass of clay, zeolite powder or bentonite 210,000-240,000 parts by mass, 20,000 parts by mass of vermiculite, 600,000-630,000 parts by mass of fine river sand, 110,000 parts by mass of rice husk powder or corn stalk powder or mushroom dregs powder, 10,000 parts by mass of carbon powder, 10,000 parts by mass of soybean powder, ammonium sulfate 2263.1 parts by mass, 650.0 parts by mass of calcium superphosphate, 650.8 parts by mass of potassium chloride, 819.7 parts by mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 parts by mass of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 parts by mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 parts by mass of boric acid, pentahydrate 18.9 parts by mass of copper sulfate, 17.2 parts by mass of manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 647.8 parts by mass of sodium silicate nonahydrate.

The above-mentioned full-nutrition rice seedling-raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials according to the mass parts: 250000 mass parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 140000 mass parts of peat, 220000 mass parts of clay, 220000 mass parts of zeolite powder, and 20000 mass parts of vermiculite Parts by mass, fine river sand 620000 parts by mass, rice husk powder 110000 parts by mass, carbon powder 10000 parts by mass, soybean powder 10000 parts by mass, ammonium sulfate 2263.1 parts by mass, superphosphate 650.0 parts by mass, potassium chloride 650.8 parts by mass, seven 819.7 parts by mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 parts by mass of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 parts by mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 parts by mass of boric acid, 18.9 parts by mass of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 17.2 parts by mass of manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium silicate nonahydrate 647.8 parts by mass.

The particle size of the above-mentioned carbon powder, soybean powder, clay, and fine river sand is less than 1 mm, and the particle size of decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite, rice husk powder, corn stalk powder or mushroom dregs powder is less than 2 mm.

A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned full-nutrition paddy rice dry seedling raising substrate, it is prepared by following steps:

(1) Take 240,000-260,000 mass parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 130,000-150,000 mass parts of peat, 220,000 mass parts of clay, 210,000-240,000 mass parts of zeolite powder or bentonite, 20,000 mass parts of vermiculite, 600,000-630,000 mass parts of fine river sand, 110,000 parts by mass of rice husk powder or corn stalk powder or mushroom dregs powder, 10,000 parts by mass of carbon powder, and 10,000 parts by mass of soybean powder, fully stirred and mixed to obtain a seedling-raising substrate pre-mixture for later use;

(2) Get 2263.1 mass parts of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 mass parts of superphosphate, 650.8 mass parts of potassium chloride, 819.7 mass parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 mass parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 mass parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, boric acid 11.4 parts by mass, 18.9 parts by mass of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 17.2 parts by mass of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 parts by mass of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, and evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate prepared in the above step (1) In the pre-mixture, mix thoroughly to obtain the matrix for later use;

(3) Spray 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the matrix prepared in the above step (2) at a ratio of 120-160L per ton of matrix, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the matrix is 5.0-5.5 to obtain complete nutrition Substrate for dry seedlings of rice.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, make the dry rice seedling raising substrate of the present invention have following advantage and effect:

(1) The main raw materials required by the seedling raising substrate of the present invention have a wide source and low cost.

(2) The seedling raising substrate of the present invention has good water and fertilizer retention, strong buffering properties, and contains various nutrients required for seedling growth, which can meet the growth needs of seedlings at each stage, and the quality of seedlings is better than that of conventional nutrient soil.

(3) The raw material of the seedling raising matrix of the present invention only needs to be pulverized, fully mixed, and does not need to be processed again, so the production is simple and easy, and it is suitable for industrial production by small and medium-sized factories.

(4) In the paddy seedbed of the present invention, there are few soil-borne diseases such as blight and bacterial wilt, and there are few weeds, and no or less use of pesticides is required to reduce pesticide pollution, which is more conventional. Nutritious soil seedlings save labor and effort.

(5) The substrate seedling cultivation of the present invention does not need to take soil or uses very little soil, which saves precious soil resources and prevents damage to cultivated land, vegetation and soil erosion. At the same time, the organic waste can be fully utilized, the pollution of organic waste can be reduced, and the ecological environment can be protected.

(6) The substrate of the present invention is convenient for farmers to use.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment. The following examples are only several specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any non-substantial changes to the present invention by using this concept should belong to the act of violating the protection scope of the present invention.

The methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

(1) Take 240 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 150 kg of peat, 220 kg of clay, 240 kg of zeolite powder, 20 kg of vermiculite, 600 kg of fine river sand, 110 kg of corn stalk powder, 10 kg of carbon powder, and 10 kg of soybean powder. Thoroughly stir and mix to obtain the seedling-raising substrate premix for subsequent use;

(2) Take 2263.1 grams of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 grams of superphosphate, 650.8 grams of potassium chloride, 819.7 grams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 grams of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 grams of boric acid, sulfuric acid pentahydrate 18.9 grams of copper, 17.2 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 grams of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate premix prepared in the above step (1), fully mixed to obtain the substrate for later use ;

(3) Spray 1 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the matrix prepared in the above step (2) at a ratio of 140L per ton of matrix, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the matrix is 5.3 to obtain a full-nutrition rice dry seedling raising matrix .

The ratio is sprayed into the above-mentioned matrix, mixed evenly, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the matrix is 5.3, and the matrix for raising full-nutrition rice seedlings is obtained.

The particle diameters of carbon powder, soybean meal, clay and fine river sand in this embodiment are less than 1mm, and the particle diameters of decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite and corn stalk powder are less than 2mm.

The effective nutrients of the matrix obtained in the present embodiment are as follows respectively: available nitrogen 302mg/kg, available phosphorus 67mg/kg, available potassium 243mg/kg, available magnesium 52 mg/kg, available calcium 71mg/kg, available zinc 4.2mg/kg, Available copper 3.2mg/kg, available manganese 3.3mg/kg, available iron 10.1mg/kg, available boron 1.27mg/kg, available silicon 39mg/kg.

Example 2

(1) Take 260 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 130 kg of peat, 220 kg of clay, 210 kg of bentonite, 20 kg of vermiculite, 630 kg of fine river sand, 110 kg of rice husk powder, 10 kg of carbon powder, and 10 kg of soybean powder. Stir and mix to obtain the seedling-raising matrix premix for subsequent use;

(2) Take 2263.1 grams of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 grams of superphosphate, 650.8 grams of potassium chloride, 819.7 grams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 grams of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 grams of boric acid, sulfuric acid pentahydrate 18.9 grams of copper, 17.2 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 grams of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate premix prepared in the above step (1), fully mixed to obtain the substrate for later use ;

(3) Spray 1mol/L of dilute sulfuric acid into the substrate prepared in the above step (2) at a ratio of 120L per ton of substrate, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the substrate is 5.5 to obtain a full-nutrition rice seedling cultivation substrate .

The particle diameters of carbon powder, soybean meal, clay and fine river sand in the present embodiment are less than 1mm, and the particle diameters of decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite and rice husk powder are less than 2mm.

The effective nutrients of the matrix obtained in the present embodiment are as follows respectively: available nitrogen 304mg/kg, available phosphorus 66mg/kg, available potassium 241mg/kg, available magnesium 51 mg/kg, available calcium 72mg/kg, available zinc 4.1mg/kg, Available copper 3.1mg/kg, available manganese 3.2mg/kg, available iron 10.2mg/kg, available boron 1.25mg/kg, available silicon 126mg/kg.

Example 3

(1) Take 250 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 140 kg of peat, 220 kg of clay, 220 kg of zeolite powder, 20 kg of vermiculite, 620 kg of fine river sand, 110 kg of rice husk powder, 10 kg of carbon powder, and 10 kg of soybean powder. Thoroughly stir and mix to obtain the seedling-raising substrate premix for subsequent use;

(2) Take 2263.1 grams of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 grams of superphosphate, 650.8 grams of potassium chloride, 819.7 grams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 grams of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 grams of boric acid, sulfuric acid pentahydrate 18.9 grams of copper, 17.2 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 grams of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate premix prepared in the above step (1), fully mixed to obtain the substrate for later use ;

(3) Spray 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the substrate prepared in the above step (2) at a ratio of 160L per ton of substrate, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the substrate is 5.35 to obtain a full-nutrition rice seedling cultivation substrate.

The particle diameters of carbon powder, soybean meal, clay and fine river sand in the present embodiment are less than 1mm, and the particle diameters of decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite and rice husk powder are less than 2mm.

The effective nutrients of the matrix obtained in the present embodiment are as follows: available nitrogen 317mg/kg, available phosphorus 77mg/kg, available potassium 260mg/kg, available magnesium 60 mg/kg, available calcium 77mg/kg, available zinc 5mg/kg, available Copper 4mg/kg, available manganese 4mg/kg, available iron 11.5mg/kg, available boron 1.35mg/kg, available silicon 37mg/kg.

Example 4

(1) Take 240 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 150 kg of peat, 220 kg of clay, 210 kg of bentonite, 20 kg of vermiculite, 600 kg of fine river sand, 110 kg of corn stalk powder, 10 kg of carbon powder, and 10 kg of soybean powder. Stir and mix to obtain the seedling-raising matrix premix for subsequent use;

(2) Take 2263.1 grams of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 grams of superphosphate, 650.8 grams of potassium chloride, 819.7 grams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 grams of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 grams of boric acid, sulfuric acid pentahydrate 18.9 grams of copper, 17.2 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 grams of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate premix prepared in the above step (1), fully mixed to obtain the substrate for later use ;

(3) Spray 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the matrix prepared in the above step (2) at a ratio of 130L per ton of matrix, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the matrix is stable at 5.3, and the matrix for dry seedling cultivation of full-nutrition rice is obtained. .

The particle diameters of carbon powder, soybean meal, clay and fine river sand in this embodiment are less than 1mm, and the particle diameters of decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite and corn stalk powder are less than 2mm.

The effective nutrients of the matrix obtained in the present embodiment are as follows respectively: available nitrogen 309mg/kg, available phosphorus 69mg/kg, available potassium 247mg/kg, available magnesium 55 mg/kg, available calcium 72mg/kg, available zinc 4.6mg/kg, Available copper 3.4mg/kg, available manganese 3.7mg/kg, available iron 10.5mg/kg, available boron 1.28mg/kg, available silicon 129mg/kg.

Example 5

(1) Take 255 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 135 kg of peat, 220 kg of clay, 230 kg of zeolite powder, 20 kg of vermiculite, 615 kg of fine river sand, 110 kg of mushroom residue powder, 10 kg of carbon powder, and 10 kg of soybean powder. Thoroughly stir and mix to obtain the seedling-raising substrate premix for subsequent use;

(2) Take 2263.1 grams of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 grams of superphosphate, 650.8 grams of potassium chloride, 819.7 grams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 grams of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 grams of boric acid, sulfuric acid pentahydrate 18.9 grams of copper, 17.2 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 grams of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate premix prepared in the above step (1), fully mixed to obtain the substrate for later use ;

(3) Spray 1 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the matrix prepared in the above step (2) at a rate of 135L per ton of matrix, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the matrix is stable at 5.4, and the matrix for full-nutrition rice dry seedlings is obtained. .

The particle diameter of carbon powder, soybean powder, clay, fine river sand in the present embodiment is less than 1mm, and the particle diameter of decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite, mushroom residue powder is less than 2mm, and mushroom residue powder is the powder of mushroom residue.

The effective nutrients of the matrix obtained in the present embodiment are as follows respectively: available nitrogen 310mg/kg, available phosphorus 68mg/kg, available potassium 249mg/kg, available magnesium 56 mg/kg, available calcium 74mg/kg, available zinc 4.5mg/kg, Available copper 3.6mg/kg, available manganese 3.4mg/kg, available iron 10.9mg/kg, available boron 1.29mg/kg, available silicon 37mg/kg.

Example 6

(1) Take 245 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 145 kg of peat, 220 kg of clay, 230 kg of bentonite, 20 kg of vermiculite, 625 kg of fine river sand, 110 kg of mushroom residue powder, 10 kg of carbon powder, and 10 kg of soybean powder. Stir and mix to obtain the seedling-raising matrix premix for subsequent use;

(2) Take 2263.1 grams of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 grams of superphosphate, 650.8 grams of potassium chloride, 819.7 grams of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 grams of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 grams of boric acid, sulfuric acid pentahydrate 18.9 grams of copper, 17.2 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 grams of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate premix prepared in the above step (1), fully mixed to obtain the substrate for later use ;

(3) Spray 1 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the substrate prepared in the above step (2) at a ratio of 155L per ton of substrate, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the substrate is stable at 5.1, and the substrate for dry seedling cultivation of full-nutrition rice is obtained. .

The particle diameter of carbon powder, soybean powder, clay, fine river sand in the present embodiment is less than 1mm, and the particle diameter of decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite, mushroom residue powder is less than 2mm, and mushroom residue powder is the powder of mushroom residue.

The effective nutrients of the matrix obtained in this embodiment are as follows: available nitrogen 310mg/kg, available phosphorus 67mg/kg, available potassium 250mg/kg, available magnesium 55mg/kg, available calcium 72mg/kg, available zinc 4.5mg/kg, available Copper 3.5mg/kg, available manganese 3.2mg/kg, available iron 10.5mg/kg, available boron 1.35mg/kg, available silicon 41mg/kg.

Test example:

Six kinds of full-nutrition paddy rice seedling raising substrates prepared in Examples 1-6 of the present invention and common soil were used for seedling raising test, repeated 3 times, and every 6 standard machine-transplanted seedling raising trays was one repetition. The test method is as follows:

(1) Seedling field selection: Choose a place with a leeward and sunny surface, flat terrain, good drainage, and convenient water source as a seedling field. The distance between the greenhouses is 1.5m, and a drainage ditch is dug in the middle. The ratio of rice seedlings raised in the field is: manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting are both calculated at 1:60-80 times, and the area of the field is prepared according to the green area of 60-80m ² for seedlings per hectare.

(2) Ground preparation for bed: The bottom of the bed is leveled and compacted, and the bed is made to ensure that the bottom of the pan is in full contact with the bed surface and is not suspended. Prepare 9-10 kg of seedling substrate per square meter of seedling area. Lay the substrate on the arranged seedling tray with a thickness of 1.5~2cm, and compact the upper part with a board.

(3) Seed soaking and disinfection: first select seeds with 25% salt water, wash the seeds twice with clean water, then dilute 4000-6000 times with 50% rice amide manganese salt wettable powder, and then soak the seeds for 3-5 days (or other methods to prevent and control bakanae disease) medicament), stirring 1-2 times a day; after taking out, germination is accelerated at 30-32°C, and after the dew is white, it can be sown after 6 hours of airing.

(4) Sowing time: the seedling age of the substrate of the present invention is generally controlled at 20 to 25 days, and can be sown about 20 to 25 days in advance according to the local transplanting time. Water the substrate with a sprayer before planting so that the water does not seep outside.

(5) Sowing: sow 1.2-1.5 kg of bud seeds per square meter, and sow 3-4 bud seeds per hole for pot seedling cultivation. The seeds are then compacted with a board so that the seeds are buried in the soil on three sides. Then sprinkle the seedling-raising substrate on the seeds with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 cm, and gently compact it with a board.

(6) Mulching film: After covering the plant, pour a small amount of water to moisten it, and then cover it with plastic film. The surrounding area of the plastic film should be tightly pressed with soil to prevent water from evaporating. Remove the mulch when 80% of the seedlings have emerged.

(7) Temperature management: From sowing to emergence, the plastic film is sealed and kept warm, but when the temperature in the shed exceeds 32°C, it must be ventilated. Remove the mulch when 80% of the seedlings have emerged. From emergence to 1 leaf and 1 heart stage, the temperature in the shed should not exceed 28°C. The seedlings are in the 1.5-2.0 leaf stage, and the temperature in the shed is controlled at 20-25°C. In the 2.5-3.0 leaf stage, the temperature should be controlled within 20°C and not exceed 25°C, so as to prevent the seedlings from growing excessively or burning due to high temperature. In case of low temperature, cover should be added to prevent chilling damage.

(8) Water management: In principle, do not water the seedlings before the 2 leaves. When the bed surface is found to be dry or the seedlings do not spit water in the morning, they should be watered once in time. Watering should be carried out in the morning or at night. When watering, it should not flow out of the chassis, and it cannot be flushed with large water. If the water is too much, the nutrients in the substrate will be leached, which will lead to defertilization in the later stage.

(9) Seedbed topdressing: When the seedlings are defertilized during the weaning period (from the tip of the second leaf to the opening of the third leaf, it takes 10-14 days), use 10-20g of urea or 30-40g of ammonium sulfate per square meter of the seedbed, Zinc sulfate 0.25g, white vinegar 3ml, diluted 100 times and sprayed on the leaves. The seedlings can be transplanted at the 2.5-leaf stage, and 150 g of diammonium phosphate per square meter is applied 2 days before the seedlings are raised, and water is sprayed once after topdressing. One day before seedling raising, spray 3kg of 10-15mg/L rooting powder solution per square meter.

(10) Insect control: 1 day before seedling raising, use 6 g of 10% Dagongchen wettable powder per 100 square meters of seedling field, mix with water 800 times, and spray on the leaves to prevent leaf miners.

The test results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Growth test data of rice substrate seedlings

As can be seen from Table 1, six kinds of matrix seedlings prepared by embodiments of the present invention 1-6 method are compared with common soil seedlings (contrast), and the plant height is 1.78cm higher than the contrast average, and the fresh weight of every hundred plants is 3.30g more. The dry weight is 0.97g higher, the chlorophyll value is 1.45 higher, the leaf age is 0.42 more than the control on average, the root number is 1.87 more than the control on average, the maximum root length is 1.70cm longer than the control on average, and the fresh weight and dry weight of 100 roots are respectively higher than those of the control. The controls weighed an average of 0.46 g and 0.05 g. There was no disease in the substrate seedlings, and the control rate was 12%. Wherein the effect of embodiment 3 is the most prominent. The production cost of raising seedlings with the matrix of the present invention is reduced, and the cost per mu of raising seedlings with soil is 5-8 yuan.

Claims (4)

1. A full-nutrition paddy rice dry seedling raising substrate is characterized in that it is prepared by the following raw materials according to the mass parts: 240000-260000 mass parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 130000-150000 mass parts of peat, and 220000 mass parts of clay , zeolite powder or bentonite 210,000-240,000 mass parts, vermiculite 20,000 mass parts, fine river sand 600,000-630,000 mass parts, rice husk powder or corn straw powder or mushroom slag powder 110,000 mass parts, carbon powder 10,000 mass parts, soybean powder 10,000 Parts by mass, 2263.1 parts by mass of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 parts by mass of superphosphate, 650.8 parts by mass of potassium chloride, 819.7 parts by mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 parts by mass of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 parts by mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 11.4 parts by mass of boric acid Parts by mass, 18.9 parts by mass of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 17.2 parts by mass of manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 647.8 parts by mass of sodium silicate nonahydrate. 2. The full-nutrition paddy rice dry seedling raising substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is prepared by the following raw materials by the mass parts: 250000 mass parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 140000 mass parts of peat, 220000 mass parts of clay Parts, zeolite powder 220000 mass parts, vermiculite 20000 mass parts, fine river sand 620000 mass parts, rice husk powder 110000 mass parts, carbon powder 10000 mass parts, soybean powder 10000 mass parts, ammonium sulfate 2263.1 mass parts, superphosphate 650.0 Parts by mass, potassium chloride 650.8 parts by mass, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 819.7 parts by mass, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 28.3 parts by mass, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 79.6 parts by mass, boric acid 11.4 parts by mass, copper sulfate pentahydrate 18.9 parts by mass, monohydrate 17.2 parts by mass of manganese sulfate, and 647.8 parts by mass of sodium silicate nonahydrate. 3. according to claim 1 and 2 described dry seedling raising substrates of full-nutrition paddy rice, it is characterized in that the particle diameter of described carbon powder, soybean meal, clay, fine river sand is less than 1mm, decomposed organic fertilizer, peat, vermiculite, The particle size of rice husk powder, corn stalk powder or mushroom dregs powder is less than 2mm. 4. a kind of preparation method of dry paddy rice seedling raising matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is prepared by following steps: (1) Take 240,000-260,000 mass parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 130,000-150,000 mass parts of peat, 220,000 mass parts of clay, 210,000-240,000 mass parts of zeolite powder or bentonite, 20,000 mass parts of vermiculite, 600,000-630,000 mass parts of fine river sand, 110,000 parts by mass of rice husk powder or corn stalk powder or mushroom dregs powder, 10,000 parts by mass of carbon powder, and 10,000 parts by mass of soybean powder, fully stirred and mixed to obtain a seedling-raising substrate pre-mixture for later use; (2) Get 2263.1 mass parts of ammonium sulfate, 650.0 mass parts of superphosphate, 650.8 mass parts of potassium chloride, 819.7 mass parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 28.3 mass parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 79.6 mass parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, boric acid 11.4 parts by mass, 18.9 parts by mass of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 17.2 parts by mass of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 647.8 parts by mass of sodium silicate nonahydrate, fully ground, all passed through a 0.5mm sieve, and evenly sprinkled into the seedling substrate prepared in the above step (1) In the pre-mixture, mix thoroughly to obtain the matrix for later use; (3) Spray 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the matrix prepared in the above step (2) at a ratio of 120-160L per ton of matrix, mix well, and after standing for 24 hours, the pH of the matrix is 5.0-5.5 to obtain complete nutrition Substrate for dry seedlings of rice.