CN1026240C - 中草药咖啡色素的配制工艺 - Google Patents
中草药咖啡色素的配制工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种中草药咖啡色素由玄参为主要原料以生地、甘草、陈皮等中草药为辅助原料,经过反复浸取、过滤、再经浓缩、喷雾干燥等工序制得咖啡色素结晶。本发明的咖啡色素不但具有着色功能,并且具有滋阴、降火、生津解毒之保健功能,可广泛用于饮料,食品,医药等行业。本发明的工艺过程简单,所用溶剂价格低廉,回收率高,具有明显的经济效益。
Description
本发明涉及天然食用色素及其提制工艺。
食品中应用咖啡色素之一的酱色,其制造方法是将砂糖、葡萄糖、淀粉与碱、铵盐焙烧而成,主要用于饮料,点心、酱油。我国专利申请GK88100741“用木糖废液生产食用酱色”和GK88100743“用糖厂酒精废液生产食用酱色”专利申请,均提供了利用废料生产酱色的方法但是已有技术的酱色原料均以糖类为主要成分,酱色本身只起着色作用而没有保健功能。此外至今尚未见过有关用中草药为原料制取咖啡色素的报导。
本发明的目的在于利用我国丰富的中草药资源制取一种有保健作用的咖啡色素,扩大酱色品种并提供其相应的提取工艺。
经过反复研究终于研制出一种利用我国盛产的中草药咖啡色素的配方。配方中的主原料是玄参,它性微寒、无毒,具有滋阴、降火、生津解毒之功能。配方中另一组分的生地,它有补血功能。再辅以常用中草药陈皮、甘草等组分更可提高玄参的功能。本发明的配方原料的重量百分含量为:
玄参 50~100%
生地 30~0%
陈皮 10~0%
甘草 10~0%
本发明的中草药咖啡色素的制取工艺流程为:上述配方中一种或几种原料经过前处理,混合后用含0~5重量%乙醇的离子交换水溶液为浸取剂,经过三次浸取及随后的三次过滤分离,把滤液合并经过后处理,静置澄清液经浓缩,喷雾干燥制得咖啡色素结晶。
其具体工艺过程及工艺参数如下:
(1)中草药原料的前处理:
把上述玄参、生地、陈皮、甘草,按配方取其中一种或几种原料分别洗净,晒干,加工成片或丝状。
(2)混合:
把经过前处理的原料按配方混合在一起。
(3)第一次浸取:
用离子交换纯水或含有0~5重量%乙醇的水溶液为浸取剂,浸取原料混合物,浸取液与原料的液固的重量比为1~1.5∶1,浸取温度为0~50℃,最好30~50℃,浸取时间为3~5小时。
(4)过滤:
上述浸取物经过滤分离为滤液和残留物。
(5)第二次浸取:
把第一次浸取后的残留物用同上浸取剂按浸取液与残留物重量比1∶1的比例进行第二次浸取,浸取温度同前,浸取时间3~5小时。
(6)第二次过滤:
把上述浸取物过滤分离。
(7)第三次浸取:
把(6)的残留物再用同(3)的浸取剂,按浸取液与残留物0.8~1∶1的重量比再浸取,浸取温度同(3),浸取时间3~5小时。
(8)第三次过滤:
把步骤(7)的浸取物过滤分离,取其滤液。
(9)滤液的后处理:
把工序(4)、(6)、(8)三次过滤得到的滤液合并,向滤液中滴入0.05~0.5摩尔NaOH水溶液,滤液中的酒石酸和/或硬脂酸与NaOH起中和反应生成盐类沉淀,滴至不再产生沉淀为止,然后静置1~2小时,吸出澄清液。
(10)浓缩:
经后处理的纯净澄清液投入蒸发器内浓缩,去除大部分水使呈半流体状,浓缩温度不超过100℃。
(11)干燥:
把上述浓缩物经喷雾干燥得到粉状咖啡色素结晶,干燥温度不超过100℃。
本发明的工艺的咖啡色素的回收率为15~20%。
本发明的咖啡色素制品送江西省食品卫生监督检验所进行理化检验的结果如下:
一.外观:本品为咖啡色粉末,无杂质。
二.理化:
干燥失重(%):8.95
灼烧残渣(%):2.65
pH:4.68
吸光度E(0.01%溶液1厘米比色皿)0.159
铅(Pa,%):0.00001
砷(As,%):0.00008
汞(Hg,%):0.0000002
铜(Cu,%):0.00045
试样符合GB5176-85标准的要求。
本发明的咖啡色素制品送江西省食品卫生监督检验所进行食品毒理试验,按试验规定的程序对昆明群系小鼠进行18.5~23.5克/只(体重)剂量的毒性试验,其结果是小鼠口服16000毫克/公斤(体重)剂量,无死亡及不良反应,其结论是:按半数致死量(LD50)分级属无毒级。
本发明的制品还进行了食品毒理实验,对小鼠的微核试验结果为:样品组微核率与阳性组(CP)有显著差别(P<0.01),与阴性组无显著差别,结论是该样品核试验阴性。
用本发明方法制取的咖啡色素配制成可乐饮料,其外观及口感与美国进口的可乐相似。经口服试验证明具有滋阴、降火、生津解毒之功能,不但有着色作用并且有保健作用,可广泛用于饮料、食品、医药等行业。
本发明的工艺过程简单,所用溶剂价格低廉,回收率高,具有明显的经济效益。
实施例
中草药原料玄参、生地、陈皮、甘草分别经过洗涤、晒干、加工成片或丝,称取经过上述前处理
的原料:玄参700克,生地150克,陈皮70克,甘草80克,用1500毫升经离子交换水乙醇溶液(其中乙醇含量为3%)在40°±10℃浸取4小时后过滤分离,在残留物中再加入1000毫升同上组分浸取液,浸取温度及时间同前,浸取后再过滤分离,残留物中再加入800毫升浸取液再按同前工艺浸取后,再过滤分离,把三次滤液合并。在滤液中滴入0.1摩尔NaOH直至沉淀完全,静置澄清1.5小时,分离出澄清液,经100℃以下温度蒸发浓缩去掉大部分水分后,经100℃以下温度喷雾干燥制得咖啡色素190克。回收率为19%。
用本发明方法制取的咖啡色素,配置成可乐饮料,其外观与口感均接近美国进口的可口可乐,实践证明该饮料具有滋阴、降火、生津解毒功能。
Claims (2)
1、一种中草药咖啡色素的配制工艺,本发明的特征在于:
(1)中草药原料的前处理:
把上述玄参、生地、陈皮、甘草,按配方取其中一种或几种原料分别洗净,晒干,加工成片或丝状。
(2)混合:
把经过前处理的原料按配方(重量百分含量)为:
玄参 50~100%
生地 30~0%
陈皮 10~0%
甘草 10~0%
的组分混合在一起,
(3)第一次浸取:
用离子交换纯水或含有0~5重量%乙醇的水溶液为浸取剂,浸取原料混合物,浸取液与原料的液固的重量比为1~1.5∶1,浸取温度为0~50℃,浸取时间为3~5小时。
(4)过滤:
上述浸取物经过滤分离为滤液和残留物。
(5)第二次浸取:
把第一次浸取后的残留物用同上浸取剂按浸取液与残留物重量比1∶1的比例进行第二次浸取,浸取温度同前,浸取时间3~5小时。
(6)第二次过滤:
把上述浸取物过滤分离。
(7)第三次浸取:
把(6)的残留物再用同(3)的浸取剂,按浸取液与残留物0.8~1∶1的重量比再浸取,浸取温度同(3),浸取时间3~5小时。
(8)第三次过滤:
把步骤(7)的浸取物过滤分离,取其滤液。
(9)滤液的后处理:
把工序(4)、(6)、(8)三次过滤得到的滤液合并,向滤液中滴入0.05~0.5摩尔NaOH水溶液,滤液中的酒石酸和/或硬脂酸与NaOH起中和反应生成盐类沉淀,滴至不再产生沉淀为止,然后静置1~2小时,吸出澄清液。
(10)浓缩:
经后处理的纯净澄清液投入蒸发器内浓缩,去除大部分水使呈半流体状,浓缩温度不超过100℃。
(11)干燥:
把上述浓缩物经喷雾干燥得到粉状咖啡色素结晶,干燥温度不超过100℃。
2、一种根据权利要求1的中草药咖啡色素的制取工艺,其特征在于:
中草药原料玄参、生地、陈皮、甘草分别经过洗涤、洒干、加工成片或丝,称取经过上述前处理的原料,玄参700克,生地150克,陈皮70克,甘草80克,用1500毫升经离子交换水乙醇溶液(其中乙醇含量为3%)在40°±10℃浸取4小时后过滤分离,在残留物中再加入1000毫升同上组分浸取液,浸取温度及时间同前,浸取后再过滤分离,残留物中再加入800毫升浸取液再按同前工艺浸取后,再过滤分离,把三次滤液合并。在滤液中滴入0.1摩尔NaOH直至沉淀完全,静置澄清1.5小时,分离出澄清液,经100℃以下温度蒸发浓缩去掉大部分水分后经100℃以下温度喷雾干燥制得咖啡色素190克。回收率为19%。
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