CN102166238B - 一种田七提取物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种田七提取物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种田七提取物及其应用。所述的田七提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质的质量比为2~5∶1。实验表明,本发明所述的田七提取物细胞毒性小,能有效抑制人巨细胞病毒引起的病变,其作用与更昔洛韦相当;对于防治孕期巨细胞病毒的感染有很好的效果,可作为新的抗巨细胞病毒药物的活性组分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物中的活性提取物,具体涉及一种田七提取物及其应用。
背景技术
人类巨细胞病毒(Human Cytomeglovirus,HCMV)在人群中具有较高的隐性感染率,文献报道的人血清HCMV-IgG阳性率在40%~90%之间。正常人感染HCMV后一般不产生临床症状,但当处于免疫力被抑制的病理或生理状态时,如艾滋病患者、器官移植患者及妇女妊娠期等,则可能会激活病毒,引起发烧,视网膜炎、胸膜炎、动脉硬化、结肠憩室炎等,而妇女妊娠早期的HCMV感染则与死胎及新生儿先天性致畸等密切相关。目前被FDA批准用于治疗HCMV感染的药物有更昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、西多福韦、膦甲酸钠、福米韦生等,这些药物由于具有极大的毒副作用,被禁止使用于孕妇与婴幼儿,使用这些药物常见的不良反应有骨髓抑制,用药后约40%的患者中性粒细胞数减低至1000/mm3以下,约20%的患者血小板计数减低至50000/mm3以下,此外还有贫血;中枢神经系统症状如精神异常、紧张、震颤等,发生率约5%,偶有昏迷、抽搐等;可出现皮疹、瘙痒、药物热、头痛、头昏、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、食欲减退、肝功能异常、消化道出血、心律失常、血压升高或降低、血尿、血尿素氮增加、脱发、血糖降低、水肿、周身不适、肌酐增加、嗜酸性细胞增多症、注射局部疼痛、静脉炎等;有巨细胞病毒感染性视网膜炎的艾滋病患者可出现视网膜剥离。鉴于以上药物的毒副作用和服用后的不良反应,所以开发新型高效无毒抗HCMV药物显得意义重大,特别是在传统的中草药中寻找抗病毒药物成了目前该领域研究的一个热点和亮点。
近年来已有采用具有抗病毒活性的中成药用于抗巨细胞病毒研究,如公开号为CN1302637的中国发明专利,公开了一种以蒲公英、大青叶、金银花和鱼腥草以等重量比列混合,证实此提取物有一定的抗巨细胞病毒效果,临床疗效表明该药治疗围产期人巨细胞病毒活动性感染有效率达78.05%;陈素华等(Chen S,Xiong J,Xing W,et al.A study on the traditional Chinesemedicine Jinyebaidu for prevention and treatment of intrauterineinfection with guinea pigs cytomegalovirus.J Huazhong Univ SciTechnolog Med Sci.2005,25(6):721-723.)以豚鼠为模型,与未添加药物的对照组相比,发现中药金叶败毒可以降低妊娠期感染(从100%降为50%)、宫内感染率(从100%降为75%)、致畸率(从64.4%降为25.0%);还有用单一植物粗提物的初步研究,如Edziri Hayet等(Edziri Hayet,Mastouri Maha,Ammar Samia,et al.Anti-microbial,antioxidant,and antiviralactivities of Retama raetam(Forssk.)Webb flowers growing inTunisia.World J Microbiol Biotechnol.2008,24:2933-2940.)在研究豆科(Fabaceae)植物罗腾树(Retama raetam Forss k.Webb)抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化活性时,发现该植物花朵的甲醇提取物具有中等抗巨细胞病毒活性(IC50=250μg/ml).有些研究已经深入到单组份,而且对抗病毒的机理做了初步阐明,如HongZhen等(Zhen H,Fang F,Ye DY,et al.Experimental study on the actionof allitridin against human cytomegalovirus in vitro:Inhibitoryeffects on immediate-early genes.Ant iviral Res.2006,72(1):68-74.)从大蒜中提取的大蒜新素可以有效抑制IE1与IE2基因的转录,影响病毒的DNA复制,最终实现抑制病毒的复制。
中药田七,又称三七、金不换、盘龙七等,作为一种名贵药村,是具有独特功能的人参属中的优异品种。据药物成份分析,田七主要含六种皂苷和谷甾醇、胡萝卜甙、黄酮类化合物,皂苷是田七的主要成分,对增强体力,改善心肌氧代谢,提高动物缺氧的耐受力很有作用;谷甾醇和胡萝卜甙能降血脂;而黄酮类化合物是扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌供血、增加血管弹性的有效成分,因而常食田七,不仅对冠心病、心绞痛有显著疗效,而且对冠心病、心绞痛有预防功能,同时还具有滋补强壮作用。近年来有研究表明,田七中的三萜类皂苷具有抗肿瘤抗氧化的功效,但迄今为止尚未发现田七提取物具有抗人巨细胞病毒的功效。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种制备方法简单、细胞毒性小的田七提取物及其在制药中的应用。
本发明所述的田七提取物,该提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质的质量比为2~5∶1。
优选的,提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质的质量比为3~4∶1。
所述田七提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质可按常规方法制备,具体可采用以下方法制备:取田七粉碎,95%的乙醇回流提取,收集滤液,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏用甲醇溶解,经大孔树脂吸附,以30~50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液得洗脱液A,再用55~70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液得洗脱液B;将洗脱液A浓缩至干,得到总皂苷类物质,将洗脱液B浓缩至干,得到总黄酮类物质。
本发明还包括上述田七提取物在制备抗人巨细胞病毒药物中的应用。
本发明还包括上述田七提取物在制备治疗孕期人巨细胞病毒感染的药物中的应用。
为了更好的理解本发明,下面通过实验来进一步说明本发明所述田七提取物在制药中的应用。
一、细胞毒性实验(MTT)
根据卫生部颁布的《新药临床前研究指导原则汇编(药学、药理学、毒理学)》关于抗病毒进行实验设计,采用细胞病变法进行体外抗病毒实验。
实验步骤:
(1)在250ml细胞培养瓶中接种人包皮成纤维细胞(HFF);
(2)待细胞铺满后,倒掉上清,用1×GKNP清洗两次,加入配制好的0.05%胰酶,待细胞消化后,加入含10%FBS的培养基终止反应;
(3)将细胞吹匀,计数,转入96孔板(104/孔),其中第1列与第12列,加入不含细胞的培养基,放入CO2培养箱,于37℃,5%CO2条件下培养;
(4)培养24h,观察细胞,状态良好,按以下表1中的数据加入不同浓度的田七提取物,其中第11列不加药物,作为对照;
(5)72h后,每孔分别加入含MTT(5mg/ml)的培养基20μl,孵育4h;
(6)吸干上清,加入DMSO(150μl/孔),在振荡器上混匀10min;
(7)用酶标仪读板,记录OD570nm值。
按上述步骤重复以上实验3次,结果如表1所示(以均数±S.D.表示)。
表1:本发明所述田七提取物对HFF细胞毒性(三次实验均值)
由表1数据可知,田七提取物对正常人包皮成纤维细胞的半致死浓度IC50为1.63mg/ml,已有的对更昔洛韦的研究显示,更昔洛韦对人包皮成纤维细胞的半致死浓度IC50为0.1mg/ml(陈素华,中药金叶败毒防治巨细胞病毒宫内感染的动物实验初探,中华检验医学杂志2003年4月第26卷第4期),两者相比,本发明所述田七提取物较更昔洛韦的细胞毒性小,安全性更高。
二、抗病毒实验
1、为充分说明总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质在本发明所述配比范围内的田七提取物的抗HCMV效果,申请人分别将上述两种组分以不同配比的田七提取物进行抗HCMV实验。
1.1病毒和细胞:HCMV AD169标准毒株,人包皮成纤维细胞(HFF);
1.2分组情况
观察组:正常细胞+巨细胞病毒+药物;药物由本发明实施例1中制得的总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质按4:1的质量比组成的田七提取物(双蒸水溶解,5mg/ml),稀释成500μg/ml、250μg/ml、125μg/ml、62.5μg/ml和31.25μg/ml五个浓度分别进行实验。
对比组:正常细胞+巨细胞病毒+药物;药物由本发明实施例1中制得的总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质按6∶1、1∶1、1∶0(只含总黄酮类物质)、0∶1(只含总皂苷类物质)的质量比设立四组对比组,分别编号为对比组1、对比组2、对比组3和对比组4;每个组均分别稀释成500μg/ml、250μg/ml、125μg/ml、62.5μg/ml和31.25μg/ml五个浓度分别进行实验。
1.3实验方法
(1)将培养瓶中的人包皮成纤维细胞分至24孔板(10%FBS,100U/ml青霉素,100μg/ml链霉素,DMEM);
(2)待细胞铺满后,分别向观察组和各对比组中加入相应的药物,加入药物1h后,再感染巨细胞病毒(1PFU/cell),吸附1.5h;
(3)吸取上清,加入含1%甲基纤维素的培养基,培养;每天观察细胞病变的程度,测定各组在上述五个浓度下的抗HCMV作用,结果如表2所示(表中数据均为三次实验均值)。
表2:
注:-无细胞病变;+25%细胞病变;++50%细胞病变;+++75%细胞病变;++++100%细胞病变
1.4实验结果
从表2中数据可知,总黄酮类物质与总皂苷类物质按本发明所述质量配比范围内进行配比得到的田七提取物,在抗巨细胞病毒的效果上明显优于其它配比的田七提取物,具有意料不到的效果。
2、为说明本发明所述配比的田七提取物的抗HCMV药效,下面以本发明所述配比的田七提取物和更昔洛韦在一定药物浓度下、不同时间的抗HCMV作用进行对比
2.1病毒和细胞:HCMV AD169标准毒株,人包皮成纤维细胞(HFF);
2.2分组情况
观察组:同上述1.1。
更昔洛韦组:正常细胞+巨细胞病毒+药物,药物为更昔洛韦(简称GCV,购自湖北科益药业有限公司),稀释成200μg/ml、100μg/ml、50μg/ml、25μg/ml、12.5μg/ml、6.25μg/ml和3.125μg/ml七个浓度分别进行实验。
对照组:正常细胞+巨细胞病毒。
2.3实验方法
(1)将培养瓶中的人包皮成纤维细胞分至24孔板(10%FBS,100U/ml青霉素,100μg/ml链霉素,DMEM);
(2)待细胞铺满后,分别向观察组和更昔洛韦组中加入相应的药物,对照组不加任何药物。加入药物1h后,再感染巨细胞病毒(1PFU/cell),吸附1.5h;
(3)吸取上清,加入含1%甲基纤维素的培养基,培养;每天观察细胞病变的程度,测定各组在一定药物浓度下、不同时间的抗HCMV作用,结果如表3、表4所示(表中数据均为三次实验均值)。
表3:
注:-无细胞病变;+25%细胞病变;++50%细胞病变;+++75%细胞病变;++++100%细胞病变表4:
注:-无细胞病变;+25%细胞病变;++50%细胞病变;+++75%细胞病变;++++100%细胞病变
2.4实验结果
由表3中数据可知,本发明所述的田七提取物抗人巨细胞病毒的有效半抑制浓度EC50为0.125mg/ml,治疗指数TI=13,而更昔洛韦的有效半抑制浓度为0.01mg/ml,治疗指数TI=10(陈素华,中药金叶败毒防治巨细胞病毒宫内感染的动物实验初探.中华检验医学杂志2003年4月第26卷第4期),由治疗指数可以看出本发明的田七提取物制剂较更昔洛韦更加安全。
由表4中数据可知,对照组在12小时后出现细胞病变,随着时间的增长病变程度愈发严重,而更昔洛韦组和观察组在48小时后才出现轻微细胞病变,且随时间增长病变程度变化不大,同时通过数据可以看出本发明药物和更昔洛韦的药效相当。
三、本发明田七提取物抗巨细胞病毒作用靶点的初步探究
(一)实验材料:
抗HCMV立即早期蛋白-1(IE1)鼠源单克隆抗体(批号:081228-1-1,桂林英美特生物技术公司);
抗HCMV立即早期蛋白-2(IE2)鼠源单克隆抗体(批号:081228-1-2,桂林英美特生物技术公司);
抗人β-actin抗体(代号:AA128,碧云天生物技术研究所);
二抗:辣根过氧化物酶标记的兔抗鼠IgG多抗,代号A9044,购自SIGMA公司。
(二)将HFF细胞分盘至90mm细胞培养盘,待细胞汇合后,更换维持培养液(5%FBS,DMEM),24h后,加入本发明所述田七提取物,终浓度为0.2mg·mL-1,经过1h前处理,再感染HCMV AD 169,吸附1h后,计时,分别在12h,24h,48h,72h时刻,收集细胞蛋白,采用10孔梳子,1.5mm厚度胶,上样25μL/孔,4℃过夜转膜。将膜放入2%(w/v)脱脂奶中封闭后,加入一抗IE1、IE2,室温下孵育后加入HRP标记的二抗A9044,采用ECLA.B液显色,暗室内曝光显影,结果如图1所示。
通过蛋白质免疫印迹(western bolt)初步探究了本发明田七提取物抗巨细胞病毒的靶点主要为早起蛋白IE1与IE2,由于药物抑制两种早起蛋白的表达而实现阻断巨细胞病毒在宿主细胞内的复制和扩散。
四、临床应用
临床应用对象:前来桂林某医院检测HCMV感染的孕妇
(一)本发明制剂治疗指征:已确诊HCMV感染(Elisa法检测HCMV-IgM阳性),患者自愿进行用本制剂治疗。
(二)用药方法:本发明颗粒剂,口服饮用,每日两次,连续服用3周为一个疗程,连续服用2个疗程,停药一周后复查。
(三)分组,自愿接受使用本制剂治疗的患者为观察组,未接受治疗的患者为对照组,对结果进行统计分析。
(四)服用本发明颗粒剂2个疗程后,以检测外周血HCMV-IgM,晚期RNA转阴为治愈,结果如表4所示。
表4:
表4中数据表明,服用本发明田七提取物颗粒剂的孕妇,外周血HCMV-IgM,晚期RNA转阴率可达57.4%,对于防治巨细胞病毒的感染有很好的效果。
以上实验表明,本发明田七提取物中,总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质按特定比例组成,两者协同作用,能有效抑制人巨细胞病毒引起的病变,使其作用与更昔洛韦相当,而且细胞毒性小;对于防治孕期巨细胞病毒的感染有很好的效果,可作为新的抗巨细胞病毒药物的活性组分。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述田七提取物在抗人巨细胞病毒作用靶点研究中的暗室曝光显影图,其中“-”表示没有加入本发明所述田七提取物,“+”表示加入本发明所述田七提取物。
具体实施方式
以下实施例中,乙醇的浓度均为体积浓度。
实施例1
1)取田七粉碎过100目筛,置于提取罐,加入6~8倍量的95%乙醇回流提取2次,提取温度为65℃,过滤,合并滤液,浓缩至浸膏;
2)将浸膏用适量甲醇溶解,过D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂用量为原料的1.2~1.5倍,然后用30~50%的乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,得洗脱液A;再用55~70%的乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,得洗脱液B;
3)将洗脱液A浓缩至干,得到总皂苷类物质,将洗脱液B浓缩至干,得到总黄酮类物质。
实施例2
取实施例1制得的总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质,按3.5∶1的质量比,加入常规辅料,按常规工艺制成颗粒剂,分装成10克/袋。
实施例3
取实施例1制得的总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质,按4∶1的质量比,加入常规辅料,按常规工艺制成胶囊,胶囊的规格为PN胶囊。
实施例4
取田七粉碎过100目筛,置于提取罐,加入10倍量的95%乙醇回流提取2次,提取温度为65℃,过滤,合并滤液,对滤液进行常规净化、除菌,再按常规工艺制成口服液。
Claims (2)
1.田七提取物在制备抗人巨细胞病毒药物中的应用,其中,
所述的田七提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质的质量比为4∶1;
所述田七提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质的制备方法为:取田七粉碎,95%的乙醇回流提取,收集滤液,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏用甲醇溶解,经大孔树脂吸附,以30~50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液得洗脱液A,再用55~70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液得洗脱液B;将洗脱液A浓缩至干,得到总皂苷类物质,将洗脱液B浓缩至干,得到总黄酮类物质。
2.田七提取物在制备治疗孕期人巨细胞病毒感染的药物中的应用,其中,
所述的田七提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质的质量比为4∶1;
所述田七提取物中总黄酮类物质和总皂苷类物质的制备方法为:取田七粉碎,95%的乙醇回流提取,收集滤液,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏用甲醇溶解,经大孔树脂吸附,以30~50%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液得洗脱液A,再用55~70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液得洗脱液B;将洗脱液A浓缩至干,得到总皂苷类物质,将洗脱液B浓缩至干,得到总黄酮类物质。
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CN105998142A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-10-12 | 桂林淮安天然保健品开发有限公司 | 抗巨细胞病毒的药物组合物及其制备方法 |
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