CN101982532B - System for preparing refuse derived fuel from high-calorific-value components of house refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

The system for preparing waste-derived fuel from high-calorific value components of domestic waste includes a feed inlet connected by a conveyor belt, a roller screen, a drum, a fan, a crusher, a wind conveyor, a material conveying and mixing device, a particle forming machine, a dust removal device, Cooling chamber, outlet, etc. Among them, the feed inlet, roller screen, drum, and fan are the sorting system; the crusher, wind conveyor, conveying and mixing device, particle molding machine, dust removal device, cooling chamber, and discharge port are the crushing and forming system. This system adopts a complete set of mechanized production, high sorting efficiency, easy to separate high calorific value garbage, small particle size (8mm) after crushing, good granulation effect, large daily processing capacity, good granule forming effect, technical forming, for heterogeneous garbage Adaptable. The invention is suitable for industrial wastes such as paper, plastics, waste cloth, kitchen waste, etc., industrial scraps such as waste rubber, waste buttons, waste fibers, etc.

Description

System for preparing waste-derived fuel from high calorific value components of domestic waste

Technical field: The present invention belongs to a set of system equipment for making fuel from garbage, especially a system that uses high calorific value components in domestic garbage to prepare garbage-derived fuel, belonging to urban domestic garbage, industrial scraps, sludge, waste Collaborative resource treatment technology for lime and other urban waste.

Background technology: Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF for short) is to sort and classify the garbage, and then dry and crush the combustible components, add additives, extrude and other processes, and make it into a solid form ( square or cylindrical strip) fuel, which has the characteristics of uniform size, high calorific value, stable combustion, easy transportation and storage, low primary pollution and low emission of dioxins. It is a good fossil alternative fuel and is widely used in drying projects. , cement manufacturing, heating engineering and power generation engineering and other fields.

RDF production technology is widely used in foreign countries, but it is in its infancy in my country's engineering applications. Due to the inhomogeneity of domestic waste components, there are large differences in the composition of waste in different regions, which brings difficulties to the production of RDF. At the same time, the production of RDF has high requirements for equipment, so there are few RDF production lines formed by domestic technology.

Typical urban solid wastes include municipal solid waste, municipal sewage plant sludge, river sediment, and light industrial waste (industrial leftovers and waste residues). These solid wastes pose a continuous threat to the environment (especially the water environment). Sludge with high moisture content, unstable properties, and high content of organic matter and toxic and harmful substances has become a prominent problem in the operation of sewage plants, bringing serious environmental and social problems. In the field of sludge treatment in my country, the development and application of low-cost and high-efficiency sludge treatment and resource utilization technologies suitable for national conditions. There is a lack of systematic and in-depth research and development of complete sets of equipment in river dredging sediment disposal, and there is no successful application case in engineering. In terms of urban domestic waste, the living standards of urban people are relatively high, and the amount of waste generated per capita is large (especially in the eastern coastal areas of my country). At the same time, the land will cause persistent pollution to the atmosphere and water bodies. If the rainfall is heavy, the output of landfill leachate will be large, which will pose a serious threat to the water body.

Summary of the invention: Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a set of system equipment for preparing RDF granular fuel by using domestic garbage and industrial scraps as raw materials, and can add waste lime, sludge and other wastes.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the system includes a feed inlet, a rolling screen, a drum, a blower fan, a crusher, a wind conveyor, a feeding and mixing device, a particle forming machine, Dust removal device, cooling chamber, discharge port, etc. Among them, the feed inlet, roller screen, drum, and fan are the sorting system; the crusher, wind conveyor, conveying and mixing device, particle molding machine, dust removal device, cooling chamber, and discharge port are the crushing and forming system.

The RDF preparation system of this invention uses domestic garbage and industrial scraps as raw materials, and waste lime, sludge and other wastes can be added to produce RDF granular fuel equipment. Compared with other production systems, it has the following innovations:

1 good adaptability

The preparation of RDF is a common treatment of various wastes, with large differences in materials and high requirements for equipment. This set of equipment can mix different wastes to make RDF products suitable for different needs of cement plants and power plants. Realize the integration of multiple waste co-processing.

2 source quality improvement

To classify waste at source, the first level of classification is carried out, which is divided into dry and wet categories. This classification is in line with my country's national conditions, easy to accept by residents, simple and practical. After the materials enter the factory, manually remove materials that are harmful to combustion and highly polluting, such as PVC pipes. Secondary classification is achieved through on-site belts, and there are various mechanical treatments to achieve multi-level classification of waste. This classification ensures product quality from the source, makes the product easy to shape, easy to store and transport, and ensures that the product is easy to burn.

This system adopts a complete set of mechanized production, with high sorting efficiency, easy separation of high calorific value waste, good granulation effect, large daily processing capacity, good granule forming effect, technical forming, and strong adaptability to heterogeneous waste. The invention is suitable for industrial wastes such as paper, plastics, waste cloth, kitchen waste, etc., industrial waste such as waste rubber, waste buttons, waste fibers, etc.

Description of drawings:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of the working principle of the sorting system.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of the working principle of the crushing and forming system.

Detailed ways:

As shown in Figure 1, the sorting system mainly uses the physical characteristics of MSW for sorting. After simple manual sorting (recovery of metal materials and wastes with high water content), the raw garbage is conveyed by the belt at the feeding port, and then conveyed to the roller sieve by the conveyor belt. (40mm) materials (glass fragments, small stones, clods, etc.) are screened out, and the remaining materials are transported through the conveyor belt, and then the drums are used to remove large stones and heavy useless materials through gravity separation, and the remaining useful materials Through air separation by fan, the light component materials with high calorific value are sorted out. So far, the separation of high calorific value components of domestic waste is completed, and the separated materials enter the crushing and forming system below.

As shown in Figure 2: This part is mainly composed of a crusher, a wind conveyor, a feeding and mixing device, a pressing device, a dust removal device and a cooling device.

The combustible high-calorific value components required for the preparation of RDF obtained by the front-end sorting system are sorted into the crusher by the conveyor belt for crushing, and the crushed materials are transferred to the conveying and mixing device, and biomass, industrial Leftovers, waste lime or sludge and other additives are then mixed and transported to the RDF granule compression molding device (granule molding machine); after being extruded by the RDF granule molding die, the RDF granule product is obtained; finally, it is transported to the cooling device (cooling unit) by wind room), the cooled RDF particles can be bagged and stored through the outlet. At the same time, the entire RDF granule pressing and forming part has a cyclone separator and a bag filter for dust removal to remove the dust generated during the material mixing and conveying, granule pressing and RDF granule conveying stages, ensuring the cleanliness of the production environment and avoiding secondary pollution .

Claims (3)

1. A method for preparing garbage-derived fuel from high-calorific-value components of domestic garbage. The system used in this method includes a feed inlet, a roller screen, a drum, a fan, a crusher, a wind conveyor, and a feeding and mixing device connected sequentially by a conveyor belt. , granule molding machine, dust removal device, cooling chamber, discharge port; the feed port, roller screen, drum and fan are sorting systems; crusher, wind conveyor, conveying and mixing device, granule forming machine, dust removal device , the cooling chamber, and the discharge port are crushing and forming systems; the following steps are adopted: the primary garbage after simple manual sorting is uniformly conveyed by the belt of the feeding port, and then transferred to the roller screen by the conveyor belt, and the screening will be less than The materials with the pore size of the screen are screened out, and the remaining materials are transported by the conveyor belt, and then the large stones and heavy useless materials are removed by the drum through gravity separation, and the remaining useful materials are selected by the fan, and the light components with high calorific value are separated. Sorting out; the combustible high-calorific value components required for the preparation of RDF obtained by the front-end sorting system are sorted into the crusher for crushing by the conveyor belt, and the crushed materials are transported to the conveying and mixing device, and added to the device Biomass, waste lime, industrial leftovers or sludge additives are then mixed and transported to the pellet forming machine; RDF pellets are obtained after being extruded by the RDF pellet molding die; finally, the RDF pellets are transported to the cooling chamber by wind power, and the cooled RDF pellets It is bagged and stored through the discharge port. At the same time, the entire RDF granule pressing and forming part is equipped with a dust removal device for dust removal. 2. The method for preparing garbage-derived fuel from high-calorific-value components of domestic garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the screen is 40 mm. 3. The method for preparing garbage-derived fuel from high-calorific-value components of domestic garbage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the dust removal device is a cyclone separator and a bag filter.

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