CN103861863B - A kind of domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization and treatment method of urban domestic garbage, including: (1) coarse crushing treatment: preliminary crushing and screening of garbage; The first sieve is subjected to metal substance adsorption and recycling; (3) Light substance treatment: the light substance is processed by the light substance recovery treatment device to make a finished building plate product that can be used directly; (4) Heavy substance treatment : Separation of organic matter and other recyclable waste, and the separated recyclable waste is sent to the recyclable waste collection device for recycling; (5) Meal waste treatment: The first sieve is subjected to fine crushing treatment and fermentation treatment in sequence , Carry out pulverization treatment, make the plant nutrient soil that can use directly. By adopting the invention, domestic garbage can be classified and fully utilized, and converted into directly usable construction boards, plant nutrient soil, and the like.

Description

A method for comprehensive utilization and treatment of municipal solid waste

technical field

The invention relates to garbage recovery and treatment technology, in particular to a method for comprehensive utilization and treatment of municipal domestic garbage.

Background technique

There are generally traditional landfill methods and more advanced incineration power generation methods for municipal solid waste disposal. The traditional landfill method occupies a large amount of land resources, and leachate and methane will be produced within ten years after the waste is landfilled, and the subsequent treatment will consume a lot of manpower and financial resources. The method of incineration for power generation is a relatively advanced method, but there are problems such as excessive investment and low power generation efficiency. There are also many complicated problems such as site selection, land acquisition, and toxic gas emissions, which arouse opposition from local people. In fact, domestic waste contains a large amount of packaging materials. Burning or landfilling is a great waste of resources. Therefore, sorting, recycling and recycling domestic waste is a topic worthy of our practice and research. In the prior art, in order to solve the above problems, people have also provided some sorting and processing technologies to realize the harmlessness of household garbage, but generally household garbage can only be converted into recyclable intermediate raw materials and semi-finished products for recycling, and cannot be directly converted into Ready-to-use finished product.

The Chinese invention patent application with the application number 201310108799.1 discloses "a system and method for harmless and energy-based treatment of municipal solid waste, wherein the system includes a plate feeder, a magnetic separator, a rough crusher, a trommel screen, and a winnowing machine. machine, ballistic sieve, fine crusher, high-temperature oxidation rotary reactor", although this structure solves the problem of garbage recycling to a certain extent, it cannot realize the thorough classification and full utilization of domestic garbage, and can only Part of the components in the domestic waste can be converted into solid waste and environmentally friendly fuel raw materials, which has relative limitations, and other components in the domestic waste cannot be fully recycled, causing a lot of waste.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a kind of household waste can be classified, and make full use of each component in the domestic waste, the various components in the municipal solid waste can be converted into building boards and boards that can be directly used. A treatment method for comprehensive utilization of municipal solid waste of plant nutrient soil.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:

A method for comprehensively utilizing municipal solid waste, comprising the following steps:

(1) Coarse crushing

(1-1) Send municipal solid waste into the coarse crusher, and after the primary crushing by the coarse crusher, coarse waste will be obtained; among them, large objects will be crushed to 10~20cm, and small objects will only be slightly crushed or unbroken;

(1-2) The coarsely crushed garbage enters the first rolling sieve for rolling screening to obtain the first oversize and the first undersize, and the first oversize is conveyed to the wind separator, and the first sieve The undersize is conveyed in the direction of the food waste treatment device; among them, the first oversize is a material with a particle size larger than 6-8 cm (including metal, plastic, organic matter, etc.), and the first undersize is a material with a particle size of less than 6 cm. Substances up to 8cm (containing metals, plastics, organic substances, etc.);

(2) Metal recycling

(2-1) During the process of conveying the first oversize to the winnowing machine, the first magnetic separator absorbs and separates the magnetic metal substances in the first oversize, and recycles them;

(2-2) During the process of conveying the first undersize to the food waste treatment device, the second magnetic separator absorbs and separates the magnetic metal substances in the first undersize, and recycles them;

(3) Light matter treatment

(3-1) The winnowing machine performs winnowing treatment on the first sieve after removing magnetic metal substances, so as to separate heavy substances from light substances; among them, heavy substances include organic matter and other recyclable wastes, and light substances include plastic substances Wait;

(3-2) The light material is conveyed to the light material recycling device through the conveyor belt through the light material outlet of the winnowing machine, and the light material recycling device processes the light material to make a building board that can be used directly finished product;

(3-3) Heavy substances are processed and recycled through step (4);

(4) Heavy material handling

(4-1) The heavy matter is conveyed from the heavy matter outlet of the winnowing machine to the heavy matter recovery treatment device through the conveyor belt. The heavy matter recovery treatment device separates the organic matter in the heavy matter from other recyclable wastes and separates them Other recyclable wastes are sent from the recyclable waste discharge outlet of the heavy material recovery treatment device to the recyclable waste collection device for recycling;

(4-2) The separated organic matter is sent from the organic matter outlet of the heavy matter recovery and treatment device to the food waste treatment device, and processed through step (5) to make plant nutrient soil that can be used directly;

(5) Meal waste disposal

(5-1) The fine shredder of the meal waste treatment device first performs fine crushing on the first undersieve after removing metal substances and the organic matter transferred in step (4-2), to obtain finely crushed meal waste; Meal waste includes plastics and non-plastics with a particle size of 0-2 cm;

(5-2) Send the fine and crushed food waste to the fermentation tank of the food waste treatment device for fermentation treatment to form a semi-finished nutrient soil;

(5-3) The semi-finished nutrient soil is crushed by the pulverizer of the food waste treatment device, and finally the plant nutrient soil that can be used directly is formed.

In the step (3-2), the step of processing the light matter by the light matter recovery treatment device specifically includes: drying the light matter by a dryer; drying the light matter into the first crusher for Crushing treatment to obtain crushed light materials; send the crushed light materials into the batching machine, and add sheet materials to the batching machine at the same time; after the crushed light materials and sheet materials are combined, they are heated and stirred by a heating mixer to form sheet processing raw materials; The processed raw materials are then heated, formed and extruded by a plate pressing machine; the formed semi-finished plate is cut to a suitable size by a cutting machine, and finally a finished building plate that can be used directly is formed.

The particle size of the crushed light matter is 0-0.5cm; the thermoplastic content of the material adjusted by the batching machine to the crushed light matter and the sheet material is within 30-35%; the blending of the crushed light matter and the sheet material The final material is heated to 200-250 degrees Celsius by a heating mixer, and then the formed plate processing raw material is sent to a plate press machine, which extrudes the plate processing raw material at 280-300 degrees Celsius and extrudes a semi-finished plate material.

The raw material of the plate is vegetable fiber material or thermoplastic material.

In the step (5-2), before fermenting the fine and crushed meal waste, it is rolled and screened through the third rolling sieve to obtain the third sieve and the third sieve, and the third sieve The screened material and the light materials screened out by the winnowing machine are sent to the first crusher of the light material recovery and treatment device for crushing treatment, and subsequent processing is carried out to make finished building boards that can be directly used; the third screen The lower matter is sent to the fermenter for fermentation. Wherein, the third oversize includes plastic substances and the like, and the third undersize includes organic substances and the like.

In the step (4-1), the step of separating the organic matter in the heavy matter from other recyclable waste by the heavy matter recycling and processing device specifically includes: crushing the heavy matter by the second crusher to obtain the crushed heavy matter ( The particle size of the brittle material is 0~5cm, and the tough material is basically not broken); the crushed heavy material is rolled and screened by the second rolling sieve, so that the organic matter and other recyclable waste in the crushed heavy material are separated; the sieved material of the second rolling sieve For other recyclable wastes described, the oversize discharge port of the second rolling sieve is the described recyclable waste discharge port; the undersize of the second rolling screen is the organic matter, the second rolling screen The undersize discharge port is the organic matter discharge port.

The crushed heavy substances include tough substances and brittle substances with a particle size of 0-5 cm.

The particle size of the coarsely crushed garbage is 0-20cm.

The light matter includes at least plastic matter; the heavy matter includes at least organic matter.

The recyclable waste collecting device is a waste recycling box for receiving the other recyclable waste.

Implement the present invention, have following beneficial effect:

(1) The present invention can classify domestic waste, and make full use of various components in domestic waste to convert various components in urban domestic waste into finished building boards and plant nutrient soil that can be directly used;

(2) The invention can realize the mechanical classification of municipal solid waste, the recycling destination of various materials is clear, the recycling rate is high, and it is safe and reliable;

(3) The present invention classifies and comprehensively utilizes municipal solid waste at the same time, with very little or even no residual waste, and no waste water is generated during the treatment process;

(4) The types of plastics in garbage are complex. This method uses thermoplastics (light substances) in municipal solid waste as adhesives to directly process into finished building boards. It can be used directly without reclassifying plastics, which is very convenient and environmental protection;

(5) In this method, the organic matter and other components in the food waste are fermented and processed to form plant nutrient soil that can be directly used, so that the resources can be fully utilized.

(6) This method will not produce other polluting substances during the treatment process, and will not cause secondary pollution to the environment.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.

detailed description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 1, the comprehensive utilization and treatment method of urban domestic waste includes the following steps:

(1) Coarse crushing

(1-1) Send municipal solid waste into the coarse crusher, and the coarse crusher will perform primary crushing (coarse crushing) to obtain coarse crushed garbage; among them, large objects will be crushed to 10~20cm, and small objects will be slightly broken or not broken;

(1-2) The coarsely crushed garbage enters the first rolling sieve for rolling screening to obtain the first oversize and the first undersize, and the first oversize is conveyed to the wind separator, and the first sieve The undersize is conveyed in the direction of the food waste treatment device; among them, the first oversize is a material with a particle size larger than 6-8 cm (including metal, plastic, organic matter, etc.), and the first undersize is a material with a particle size of less than 6 cm. Substances up to 8cm (containing metals, plastics, organic substances, etc.);

(2) Metal recycling

(2-1) During the process of conveying the first oversize to the winnowing machine, the first magnetic separator absorbs and separates the magnetic metal substances in the first oversize, and recycles them;

(2-2) During the process of conveying the first undersize to the food waste treatment device, the second magnetic separator absorbs and separates the magnetic metal substances in the first undersize, and recycles them;

(3) Light matter treatment

(3-1) The winnowing machine performs winnowing treatment on the first sieve after removing magnetic metal substances, so as to separate heavy substances from light substances; among them, heavy substances include organic matter and other recyclable wastes, and light substances include plastic substances Wait;

(3-2) The light material is conveyed to the light material recycling device through the conveyor belt through the light material outlet of the winnowing machine, and the light material recycling device processes the light material to make a building board that can be used directly finished product;

In the step (3-2), the step of processing the light matter by the light matter recovery treatment device specifically includes: drying the light matter by a dryer; drying the light matter into the first crusher for Crushing treatment to obtain crushed light substances (particle size 0~0.5cm); send the crushed light substances into the batching machine, and add plate raw materials to the batching machine at the same time; after the crushed light substances and plate raw materials are combined, they are heated by a heating mixer Stir to form raw materials for sheet metal processing; the raw materials for sheet metal processing are then heated and extruded by a plate press machine and extruded; the formed sheet semi-finished products are cut out to a suitable size by a cutting machine, and finally made into finished building sheet materials that can be directly used;

The particle size of the crushed light matter is 0-0.5cm; the thermoplastic content of the material after the batching machine adjusts the crushed light matter and the plate raw material is within 30-35%; The material is heated to 200-250 degrees Celsius by a heating mixer, and then the formed plate processing raw material is sent to a plate press machine, and the plate press machine extrudes the plate processing raw material at 280-300 degrees Celsius and extrudes a semi-finished plate material;

The board raw material is vegetable fiber or thermoplastic material, such as crushed wood, rice husk or PP, PE particles, etc., which are used as ingredients for board processing in combination with crushed light materials;

(3-3) Heavy substances are processed and recycled through step (4);

(4) Heavy material handling

(4-1) The heavy matter is conveyed from the heavy matter outlet of the winnowing machine to the heavy matter recovery treatment device through the conveyor belt. The heavy matter recovery treatment device separates the organic matter in the heavy matter from other recyclable wastes and separates them Other recyclable wastes are sent from the recyclable waste discharge outlet of the heavy material recovery treatment device to the recyclable waste collection device for recycling;

In the step (4-1), the step of separating the organic matter in the heavy matter from other recyclable waste by the heavy matter recycling and processing device specifically includes: crushing the heavy matter by the second crusher to obtain the crushed heavy matter ( The particle size of the brittle material is 0~5cm, and the tough material is basically not broken); the crushed heavy material is rolled and screened by the second rolling sieve, so that the organic matter and other recyclable waste in the crushed heavy material are separated; the sieved material of the second rolling sieve For other recyclable wastes described, the oversize discharge port of the second rolling sieve is the described recyclable waste discharge port; the undersize of the second rolling screen is the organic matter, the second rolling screen The outlet for the undersize is the organic matter outlet; wherein, the oversize of the second rolling sieve is a material with a particle size greater than 4 to 6 cm, and the undersize is a material with a particle size of less than 4 to 6 cm;

(4-2) The separated organic matter is sent from the organic matter outlet of the heavy matter recovery and treatment device to the food waste treatment device, and processed through step (5) to make plant nutrient soil that can be used directly;

(5) Meal waste disposal

(5-1) The fine shredder of the meal waste treatment device first performs fine crushing on the first undersieve after removing metal substances and the organic matter transferred in step (4-2), to obtain finely crushed meal waste; Meal waste includes non-plastic materials such as plastic materials and organic matter with a particle size of 0-2 cm;

(5-2) Send the fine and crushed food waste to the fermentation tank of the food waste treatment device for fermentation treatment to form a semi-finished nutrient soil;

In the step (5-2), before fermenting the fine and crushed meal waste, it is rolled and screened through the third rolling sieve to obtain the third sieve and the third sieve, and the third sieve The screened material and the light materials screened out by the winnowing machine are sent to the first crusher of the light material recovery and treatment device for crushing treatment, and subsequent processing is carried out to make finished building boards that can be directly used; the third screen The undersize is sent to the fermentation tank for fermentation treatment; wherein, the third oversize includes plastic substances, etc., and the third oversize includes organic matter, etc.; wherein, the third oversize is a material with a particle size larger than 0.8 to 2 cm. The third undersize is the material whose particle size is less than 0.8-2cm;

(5-3) The semi-finished nutrient soil is crushed by the pulverizer of the food waste treatment device, and finally made into plant nutrient soil that can be used directly.

The crushed heavy substances include tough substances and brittle substances with a particle size of 0-5 cm.

The particle size of the coarsely crushed garbage is 0-20cm.

The light matter includes at least plastic matter; the heavy matter includes at least organic matter.

The recyclable waste collecting device is a waste recycling box for receiving the other recyclable waste.

With the present invention, the domestic waste is broken into chunks of about 10-20 cm through the coarse crusher, and the small matter will only be slightly broken or not broken. There are two parts of the undersize material; when the oversize material passes through the magnetic separator, the ferromagnetic metals will be selected by the magnetic separator and recycled, and the rest of the material will enter the wind separator. Wind selection will select light and heavy substances. Light materials are mainly flake thermoplastics, which are dried in a dryer and then crushed in a crusher (the first crusher). The heavy material is sorted into fermentable components (organic matter) and other recyclables, and the fermentable components are sent to the fine crusher for crushing. The material from the first crusher (mixing crusher) enters the batching machine for batching, adjusts the thermoplastic content within the range of 30~35%, and then sends it to the heating and stirring device to heat to 200~250 degrees Celsius and stir for three minutes, and then send Put it into a heating extrusion press machine, press it into a plate at 280~300 degrees Celsius, and finally cut it into a finished plate with a cutting machine. The ingredients added by the batching machine are vegetable fiber components or thermoplastic components. The under-screened material is selected by a magnetic separator to select magnetic metal objects (such as ferromagnetic objects, which are collected and recovered together) and then enters the fine crusher, and then sent to a rolling screen (the third rolling screen) for sorting, and the material on the screen is sent to Go back to the first crusher in front. The underscreen is sent to the fermentation tank for high-temperature fermentation, and after the fermentation is completed, it enters a pulverizer for crushing, and becomes the nutrient soil for greening plants after aging. In this method, the most suitable thermoplastic components are 30-35%, vegetable fiber components 50-65%, and other common impurities are allowed to exist at 0-20%.

The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

(1) coarse crushing process

(1-1) domestic waste is sent in thick formula disintegrating machine, after thick formula disintegrating machine carries out preliminary fragmentation, obtain coarse crushing rubbish;

(1-2) described coarse crushing rubbish enters the first drum screen and carries out rolling screening, and draw the first oversize and the first screenings, the first oversize transmits to the direction of winnowing machine, and the first screenings transmits to the direction of the remaining refuse disposal installation of meal;

(2) metal recovery process

(2-1) the first oversize is in the process being sent to winnowing machine, and the magnetic metal species adsorbs in the first oversize is separated by the first magnetic separator, and recycles;

(2-2) the first screenings is in the process being sent to the remaining refuse disposal installation of meal, and the magnetic metal species adsorbs in the first screenings is separated by the second magnetic separator, and recycles;

(3) light materials process

(3-1) winnowing machine carries out selection by winnowing process to the first oversize after removal magnetic metal material, and heavy substance is separated with light materials;

(3-2) light materials is sent to light materials recycling and processing device by the light materials discharging opening of winnowing machine by conveyer belt, carries out processing and processes, make the structural lumber finished product that can directly use by light materials recycling and processing device to light materials; In described step (3-2), described light materials recycling and processing device specifically comprises the step that light materials carries out processing process: drying machine carries out drying and processing to light materials; Light materials after oven dry enters the first disintegrating machine and carries out break process, obtains broken light materials; Broken light materials is sent in proportioning machine, in proportioning machine, add sheet material raw material simultaneously; After broken light materials and sheet material raw material coordinate, then undertaken adding thermal agitation by heating mixer, form sheet fabrication raw material; Sheet fabrication raw material adds hot extrusion molding by trigger squeeze again and extrudes; The sheet material semi-finished product formed shear out suitable dimension by guillotine, finally make the structural lumber finished product that can directly use;

(3-3) heavy substance then carries out process recovery by step (4);

(4) heavy substance process

(4-1) heavy substance is sent to heavy substance recycling and processing device by the heavy substance discharging opening of winnowing machine by conveyer belt, organic matter in heavy substance and other recyclable waste materials are carried out separating treatment by heavy substance recycling and processing device, and other the recyclable waste materials separated are sent to recyclable waste material collection device by the recyclable waste material discharging opening of heavy substance recycling and processing device and reclaim;

(4-2) organic matter separated then is sent to the remaining refuse disposal installation of meal by the organic matter discharging opening of heavy substance recycling and processing device, carries out processing process by step (5), makes the plant nutrient soil that can directly use;

(5) the remaining garbage disposal of meal

(5-1) advanced mill of the remaining refuse disposal installation of meal first carries out smart break process to the organic matter that the first screenings after removal metallics and step (4-2) send, and obtains remaining attritioning rubbish of eating;

(5-2) carry out fermentation process in the fermentation tank remaining for meal attritioning rubbish being sent to the remaining refuse disposal installation of meal, form Nutrition Soil semi-finished product;

(5-3) Nutrition Soil semi-finished product are carried out pulverization process by the pulverizer of the remaining refuse disposal installation of meal, finally make the plant nutrient soil that can directly use.

2. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described broken light materials is 0 ~ 0.5cm; Described proportioning machine carries out the thermoplastic content of the material after coordinating adjustment in 30 ~ 35% to broken light materials and sheet material raw material; Material after broken light materials and sheet material raw material coordinate is undertaken being heated to 200 ~ 250 degrees Celsius by heating mixer, trigger squeeze sent into by the sheet fabrication raw material that will be formed again, trigger squeeze by described sheet fabrication raw material at 280 ~ 300 degrees Celsius of compacted unders and extrusion board semi-finished product.

3. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sheet material raw material is vegetative fiber class material or category of thermoplastics material.

4. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5-2), before fermentation process is carried out to the remaining attritioning rubbish of meal, first carry out rolling screening by the 3rd drum screen, draw the 3rd oversize and the 3rd screenings, the first disintegrating machine sending into light materials recycling and processing device together with the light materials that described 3rd oversize and winnowing machine screen carries out break process, and carry out follow-up processing process, make the structural lumber finished product that can directly use; 3rd screenings is then sent in fermentation tank and is carried out fermentation process.

5. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (4-1), the step that organic matter in heavy substance and other recyclable waste materials carry out separating treatment specifically comprises by heavy substance recycling and processing device: heavy substance is carried out break process by the second disintegrating machine, obtains broken heavy substance; Broken heavy substance carries out rolling screening through the second drum screen, and the recyclable waste material of the organic matter in broken heavy substance and other is separated; The oversize of the second drum screen is other described recyclable waste materials, and the oversize discharging opening of the second drum screen is described recyclable waste material discharging opening; The screenings of the second drum screen is described organic matter, and the screenings discharging opening of the second drum screen is described organic matter discharging opening.

6. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described broken heavy substance comprises toughness material and particle diameter is the brittle substance of 0 ~ 5cm.

7. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle size of described coarse crushing rubbish is 0 ~ 20cm.

8. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described light materials at least comprises plastic substance; Described heavy substance at least comprises organic matter.

9. domestic waste Comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described recyclable waste material collection device is the waste recovery box of other recyclable waste materials described in a reception.