CN101909352A - 无线通信系统中的干扰控制方法与装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是关于无线通信系统中的干扰控制方法与装置。所述方法包含:扇区m估计从邻近扇区中的终端所观察到的干扰并获得干扰估计值;基于所述干扰估计值产生空中(OTA)其它扇区干扰(OSI)报告和/或扇区间(IS)OSI报告;并向所述邻近扇区中的终端广播所述OTA OSI报告。终端可基于所述OTA OSI报告调节其传输功率。扇区m可向所述邻近扇区发送所述IS OSI报告,接收来自所述邻近扇区的IS OSI报告,并基于所述接收的IS OSI报告调整扇区m中终端的数据传输;及控制终端的扇区m的准入,对所准入的终端解除指配,以减少对所述邻近扇区的干扰的方式调度扇区m中的终端,和/或向扇区m中的所述终端指配对所述邻近扇区产生较少干扰的业务信道。
Description
本申请是国际申请日为2006年3月15日,国际申请号为PCT/US2006/009550,发明名称为“无线通信系统中的干扰控制”的PCT申请在进入中国国家阶段后申请号为2006800160273的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请案的交叉参考
本申请案主张2005年3月15日申请的且以全文引用的方式并入本文中的第60/662,176号美国临时专利申请案的优先权。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及通信,且更明确来说涉及无线通信系统中的干扰控制。
背景技术
无线多路存取通信系统可与前向和反向链路上的多个终端同时通信。前向链路(或下行链路)是指从基站到终端的通信链路,且反向链路(或上行链路)是指从终端到基站的通信链路。多个终端可同时地在反向链路上传输数据和/或在前向链路上接收数据。这常常通过使每一链路上的传输多路复用以在时域、频域和/或代码域中彼此正交而实现。
在反向链路上,来自与不同基站通信的终端的传输通常彼此不正交。因此,每一终端可能对与附近基站通信的其它终端产生干扰,且还可能接收来自这些其它终端的干扰。来自与其它基站通信的其它终端的干扰使每一终端的性能降级。
因此,此项技术中需要用于减轻无线通信系统中干扰的技术。
发明内容
本文描述用于控制无线通信系统中由每一扇区观察到的来自邻近扇区的干扰的技术。术语“扇区”可指基站或基站的覆盖区域。扇区m估计从邻近扇区中的终端观察到的干扰并获得干扰估计值。对于基于用户的干扰控制,扇区m基于干扰估计值产生空中(OTA)其它扇区干扰(OSI)报告,并向邻近扇区中的终端广播OTA OSI报告。这些终端可在必要时基于来自扇区m的OTA OSI报告自主调节其传输功率,以减少扇区m观察到的干扰量。OTA OSI报告可指示扇区m观察到的多个可能干扰等级中的一者。邻近扇区中的终端可依据扇区m观察到的干扰等级以不同量和/或以不同速率调节其传输功率。
对于基于网络的干扰控制,扇区m可基于干扰估计值产生扇区间(IS)OSI报告,并向邻近扇区发送所述IS OSI报告。IS OSI报告可与OTA OSI报告相同或可更为全面。扇区m还接收来自邻近扇区的IS OSI报告,并基于所接收的IS OSI报告调整扇区m中终端的数据传输。扇区m可通过以下操作来调整数据传输:(1)控制对扇区m的新终端准入;(2)对已经准入的终端解除指配;(3)以减少对邻近扇区的干扰的方式调度扇区m中的终端;和/或(4)向扇区m中的终端指配对邻近扇区产生较少干扰的业务信道。
下文进一步详细描述本发明的各个方面和实施例。
附图说明
结合附图考虑,从下文陈述的具体描述中将更了解本发明的特征和性质,附图中相同参考符号始终相应地标识。
图1展示具有基站和终端的通信系统。
图2展示由一个扇区执行的用于干扰控制的过程。
图3展示由一个终端执行的用于干扰控制的过程。
图4展示用于以确定性方式调节传输功率的过程。
图5展示用于以概率性方式调节传输功率的过程。
图6展示适用于干扰控制的功率控制机制。
图7展示一个终端和两个基站的框图。
具体实施方式
本文中使用词汇“示范性”来表示“充当实例、例子或说明”。本文描述为“示范性”的任何实施例或设计均不一定解释为与其它实施例或设计相比是优选或有利的。
图1展示具有多个基站110和多个终端120的无线通信系统100。基站一般是与终端通信的固定站,且也可称为接入点、节点B或某一其它术语。每一基站110为特定地理区域102a,102b,及102c提供通信覆盖。术语“小区”可指基站和/或其覆盖区域,这取决于使用术语的上下文。为了改进系统能力,基站的覆盖区域可划分为多个较小区域,例如,三个较小区域104a、104b和104c。每一较小区域由相应的基站收发器子系统(BTS)服务。术语“扇区”可指BTS和/或其覆盖区域,这取决于使用术语的上下文。对于扇区化小区,所述小区的所有扇区的BTS通常共同定位在所述小区的基站内。系统控制器130耦合到基站110,并为这些基站提供协调和控制。
终端可为固定或移动的,且还可称为移动台、无线装置、用户设备或某一其它术语。每一终端在任意给定时刻可与零个、一个或多个基站通信。
本文描述的干扰控制技术可用于具有扇区化小区的系统和具有未扇区化小区的系统。在以下描述中,术语“扇区”指(1)具有扇区化小区的系统的常规BTS和/或其覆盖区域以及(2)具有未扇区化小区的系统的常规基站和/或其覆盖区域。术语“终端”和“用户”可交替使用,且术语“扇区”和“基站”也可交替使用。服务基站/扇区是与终端通信的基站/扇区。邻近基站/扇区是不与终端通信的基站/扇区。
干扰控制技术也可用于各种多路存取通信系统。举例来说,这些技术可用于码分多址(CDMA)系统、频分多址(FDMA)系统、时分多址(TDMA)系统、正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统、交错频分多址(IFDMA)系统、集中式FDMA(LFDMA)系统、空分多址(SDMA)系统、准正交多址系统等。IFDMA也称为分布式FDMA,且LFDMA也称为窄带FDMA或传统FDMA。OFDMA系统利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)。OFDM、IFDMA和LFDMA将总系统带宽有效地划分为多个(K个)正交频率子频带。这些子频带也称为音调、子载波、频段(bin)等。每一子频带与可用数据调制的相应子载波相关联。OFDM在所有K个子频带或其子集上在频域中传输调制符号。IFDMA在均匀分布在K个子频带上的子频带上在时域中传输调制符号。LFDMA在时域中且通常在相邻子频带上传输调制符号。
如图1所示,每一扇区可接收来自扇区内终端的“所要”传输以及来自其它扇区中终端的“干扰”传输。每一扇区处观察到的总干扰包含(1)来自同一扇区内终端的扇区内干扰以及(2)来自其它扇区中终端的扇区间干扰。扇区间干扰还称为其它扇区干扰(OSI),其起因于每一扇区中与其它扇区中的传输不正交的传输。扇区间干扰和扇区内干扰对性能均有较大影响,且可如下文所述得以减轻。
可使用例如基于用户的干扰控制和基于网络的干扰控制的各种机制来控制扇区间干扰。对于基于用户的干扰控制,向终端通知由邻近扇区观察到的扇区间干扰,并相应调节其传输功率,使得扇区间干扰维持在可接受的水平内。对于基于网络的干扰控制,向每一扇区通知由邻近扇区观察到的扇区间干扰,并调整其终端的数据传输,使得扇区间干扰维持在可接受的水平内。系统可仅利用基于用户的干扰控制,或仅利用基于网络的干扰控制,或利用两者。可以各种方式实施每种干扰控制机制,如下文所述。
图2展示由一个扇区m执行的用于扇区间干扰控制的过程200。扇区m估计从其它扇区中终端观察到的干扰,并获得干扰估计值(框210)。
对于基于用户的干扰控制,扇区m基于干扰估计值产生空中(OTA)OSI报告(框212)。OTA OSI报告传达由扇区m观察到的扇区间干扰的量且可以各种形式给出,如下文所述。扇区m将OTA OSI报告广播到邻近扇区中的终端(框214)。这些终端可在必要时基于来自扇区m的OTA OSI报告调节其传输功率,以减少由扇区m观察到的扇区间干扰的量。
对于基于网络的干扰控制,扇区m基于干扰估计值产生扇区间(IS)OSI报告(框222)。IS OSI报告和OTA OSI报告是可具有相同或不同格式的两种干扰报告。举例来说,IS OSI报告可与OTA OSI报告相同。或者,扇区m可向邻近扇区中的终端广播简单的OTA OSI报告开可向邻近扇区发送更为全面的IS OSI报告。扇区m可周期性或仅在扇区m观察到过多干扰时向邻近扇区发送IS OSI报告(框224)。扇区m也可接收来自邻近扇区的IS OSI报告(框226)。在扇区之间交换IS OSI报告的速率可与向终端广播OTA OSI报告的速率相同或不同。扇区m基于从邻近扇区接收的IS OSI报告调整扇区m中终端的数据传输(框228)。下文进一步详细描述图2中的框。
扇区m可以各种方式估计扇区间干扰。对于利用正交多路复用的系统,一个终端可在每一符号周期中在每一子频带上传输数据或导频。导频是发射器和接收器两者均先验已知的符号的传输。数据符号是数据的调制符号,导频符号是导频的调制符号,且调制符号是信号群集中一点的复值,例如用于M-PSK、M-QAM等。
扇区m可基于从终端u接收的导频估计给定符号周期n中给定子频带k上的干扰,如下:
其中Pu(k,n)是由终端u在符号周期n中在子频带k上发送的导频符号;
Rm,u(k,n)是由扇区m从终端u获得的所接收符号;且
Im(k,n)是由扇区m观察到的干扰的估计值。
等式(1)中的量是标量。
扇区m也可基于从终端u接收的数据来估计所述干扰,如下:
其中是由终端u在符号周期n中在子频带k上传输的数据符号的估计值。扇区m可通过以下操作来导出数据符号估计值(1)对具有信道估计值的所接收符号Rm,u(k,n)执行数据检测以获得经检测符号;(2)基于经检测符号导出硬决策;和(3)使用硬决策作为数据符号估计值。或者,扇区m可通过以下操作来导出数据符号估计值:(1)对所接收符号执行数据检测;(2)对经检测符号进行解码以获得经解码数据;和(3)对经解码数据进行再编码和符号映射以获得数据符号估计值。
扇区m也可执行联合信道与干扰估计以获得信道响应估计值和干扰估计值两者。
从等式(1)或(2)获得的干扰估计值Im(k,n)包含扇区间干扰和扇区内干扰两者。扇区内干扰可经由如下文所述的功率控制而维持在可接受的水平内,且与扇区间干扰相比则可忽略。
扇区m可在频域、空间域和/或时域上对干扰估计值求平均值。举例来说,扇区m可在多个接收天线上对干扰估计值求平均值。扇区m可使用以下求平均值方案中的任一者来对所有子频带的干扰估计值求平均值:
其中Im(n)是符号周期n中扇区m的平均干扰功率,且Pnom表示每一子频带的额定接收功率。Im(k,n)和Im(n)在等式(3)到(5)中是线性单位。等式(3)用于算术平均,等式(4)用于几何平均,且等式(5)用于基于SNR的平均。利用算术平均,几个较大干扰估计值可使平均干扰功率偏斜。几何平均和基于SNR的平均可抑制几个子频带的较大干扰估计值。
扇区m也可在多个符号周期中对平均干扰功率进行滤波,以改进干扰估计值的质量。可用有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器、无限脉冲响应(IIR)滤波器或某一其它类型的滤波器实现滤波。扇区m在每一测量周期获得测得干扰Imeas,m,所述测量周期可能跨越一个或多个符号周期。
扇区m基于测得的干扰产生OTA OSI报告。在实施例中,将测得的干扰量化为预定数目的位,其包含在OTA OSI报告中。在另一实施例中,OTA OSI报告包含单个位,所述位指示测得的干扰是高于还是低于干扰阈值。在又一实施例中,OTA OSI报告包含多个位,所述位传达相对于多个干扰阈值的测得的干扰。为了清楚起见,以下描述是针对OTA OSI报告传达相对于两个干扰阈值的测得的干扰的实施例。
在实施例中,OTA OSI报告包含两个二进制OSI位,其称为OSI位1和OSI位2。这些OSI位可如下设定:
等式(6a)
其中Inom_th是额定干扰阈值,Ihigh_th是高干扰阈值,且Ihigh_th>Inom_th。OSI位1指示测得的干扰是高于还是低于额定干扰阈值。OSI位2指示测得的干扰是高于还是低于高干扰阈值。对于此实施例,认为扇区m在测得的干扰低于Inom_th时观察到低干扰,在测得的干扰在Inom_th与Ihigh_th之间时观察到高干扰,且在测得的干扰大于或等于Ihigh_th时观察到过量干扰。OSI位2可用于指示由扇区观察的过量干扰。
在另一实施例中,OTA OSI报告包含具有三个等级的单个OSI值。OSI值可设定如下:
可使用具有三个信号点的信号群集传输三级OSI值。举例来说,可用符号1+j0或ej0来发送OSI值“0”,可用符号0+j1或ejπ/2发送OSI值“1”,且可用符号-1+j0或ejπ发送OSI值“2”。
或者,扇区m可获得测得的热噪声干扰(IOT),其为扇区m观察到的总干扰功率与热噪声功率的比率。可如上所述计算总干扰功率。可通过断开发射器并测量接收器处的噪声来估计热噪声功率。可为系统选择特定的操作点。较高的操作点允许终端以平均较高功率电平进行传输。然而,高操作点对链路预算有不利影响,且可能不合需要。对于给定的最大传输功率和给定的数据速率,可容许的最大路径损耗随着IOT增加而减小。非常高的操作点也是不合需要的,因为系统可变为受干扰限制,这是传输功率增加不会转化为所接收SNR增加的情形。此外,非常高的操作点增加了系统不稳定的可能性。在任何情况下,扇区m可如下设定其三级OSI值:
其中IOTnom_th是额定IOT阈值,且IOThigh_th是高IOT阈值。
也可使用滞后来产生OSI位/值,使得过量干扰的指示不会过于频繁地触发。举例来说,OSI位2可仅在测得的干扰超过高阈值历时第一持续时间TW1(例如,50毫秒)时设定为“1”,且可仅在测得的干扰低于高阈值历时第二持续时间TW2时重设为“0”。作为另一实例,OSI位2可仅在测得的干扰超过第一高阈值Ihigh_th1时设定为“1”,且随后可仅在测得的干扰下降到第二高阈值Ihigh_th2以下时重设为“0”,其中Ihigh_th1>Ihigh_th2。
扇区m广播其可能含有两个OSI位或三级OSI值的OTA OSI报告以进行基于用户的干扰控制。扇区m可以各种方式广播OTA OSI报告。在一实施例中,扇区m在每一测量周期中广播OTA OSI报告。在另一实施例中,扇区m在每一测量周期中广播OSI位1,且仅在此位设定为“1”时广播OSI位2。扇区m也可向扇区m内的终端广播来自其它扇区的OSI报告以获得更好的OSI覆盖。
扇区m还向邻近扇区发送其IS OSI报告以进行基于网络的干扰控制。IS OSI报告可含有两个OSI位、三级OSI值、经量化为预定数目的位的测得的干扰或某种其它信息。扇区m可在每一测量周期中或仅在观察到过量干扰时或在满足某个其它标准时发送ISOSI报告。另一扇区q在扇区q中的终端指示其无法接收来自扇区m的OSI位时也可请求扇区m发送IS OSI报告。每一扇区使用来自邻近扇区的IS OSI报告以控制来自其扇区中终端的数据传输,以减轻邻近扇区处的扇区间干扰。
可以各种方式实现基于网络的干扰控制。下文描述基于网络的干扰控制的一些实施例。
在一个实施例中,扇区m基于从邻近扇区接收的IS OSI报告调度扇区中的终端。举例来说,如果一个或一个以上邻近扇区观察到过量干扰,那么扇区m可减少由扇区m中不利的终端所使用的传输功率,使得这些终端对其它扇区产生较少的干扰。不利的终端对服务扇区具有小信道增益(或大路径损耗),且需要以高功率电平进行传输以便在服务扇区处实现给定的信噪干扰比(SNR)。不利的终端通常定位成较接近邻近扇区,且高传输功率电平导致对此邻近扇区的高扇区间干扰。
扇区m可基于例如信道增益、导频强度、载波噪声比(C/N)、信道增益比等各种质量度量来识别不利终端。可基于导频和/或终端发送的其它传输来估计这些质量度量。举例来说,可将终端的估计信道增益与信道增益阈值进行比较,且终端可在其信道增益低于信道增益阈值时被视为不利终端。扇区m可通过以下操作来减少由不利终端使用的传输功率:(1)降低可应用于终端的高传输功率限制;(2)降低可应用于终端的较低传输功率限制;(3)指配需要较低SNR且因而需要较低传输功率的具有较低数据速率的不利终端;(4)不调度不利终端进行数据传输;或(5)使用某种其它方法或方法组合。
在另一实施例中,扇区m使用准入控制以减轻邻近扇区观察到的扇区间干扰。举例来说,如果一个或一个以上邻近扇区观察到过量干扰,那么扇区m可通过以下操作来减少扇区中现用终端的数目:(1)拒绝访问请求在反向链路上进行传输的新终端;(2)拒绝访问不利终端;(3)对已被准许访问的终端解除指配;(4)对不利终端解除指配;或(5)使用某些其它准入控制方法。对终端解除指配的速率也可为来自邻近扇区的IS OSI报告(例如,观察到的干扰电平)、观察到过量干扰的邻近扇区的数目和/或其它因数的函数。扇区m可因此基于来自邻近扇区的IS OSI报告调节对扇区的加载。
在又一实施例中,扇区m以减轻邻近扇区观察到的扇区间干扰的方式向扇区中的终端指配业务信道。举例来说,每一扇区可指配有一组业务信道,所述扇区又可将所述组业务信道指配给扇区中的终端。邻近扇区也可共享共同的一组业务信道,其与指配给每一扇区的所述组业务信道正交。如果一个或一个以上邻近扇区观察到过量干扰,那么扇区m可向扇区m中的不利终端指配所述共同组中的业务信道。这些不利终端随后将不会对邻近扇区引起任何干扰,因为共同组中的业务信道与指配给邻近扇区的业务信道正交。作为另一实例,每一扇区可指配有一组业务信道,所述扇区可将所述组业务信道指配给可容许高干扰电平的较强终端。如果一个或一个以上邻近扇区观察到过量干扰,那么扇区m可向扇区m中的不利终端指配被指配给邻近扇区中的较强终端的业务信道。
为了清楚起见,以上描述的多数是针对一个扇区m。系统中的每一扇区均可执行如上文针对扇区m描述的干扰控制。
也可以各种方式实现基于用户的干扰控制。在一实施例中,通过准入终端基于从邻近扇区接收的OTA OSI报告自主调节其传输功率来实现基于用户的干扰控制。
图3展示由一个终端u执行的用于干扰控制的过程300。终端u接收来自邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告(框312)。接着确定邻近扇区是否观察到过量干扰,例如OSI位2是否设定为“1”(框314)。如果答案为“是”,那么终端u以较大下降步长和/或以较快速率减少其传输功率(框316)。否则,确定邻近扇区是否观察到高干扰,例如OSI位1是否设定为“1”且OSI位2是否设定为“0”(框318)。如果答案为“是”,那么终端u以额定下降步长和/或以额定速率减少其传输功率(框320)。否则,终端u以额定上升步长和/或以额定速率增加其传输功率(框322)。
图3展示OTA OSI报告传达由邻近扇区观察到的处于三个可能等级(低、高和过量)之一的扇区间干扰的实施例。过程300可经扩展以覆盖任意数目的干扰等级。大体上,终端u的传输功率可:(1)当测得的干扰高于给定阈值时减少与邻近扇区观察到的干扰量有关的下降步长(例如,针对较高干扰的较大下降步长);和/或(2)当测得的干扰低于给定阈值时增加与邻近扇区观察到的干扰量逆相关的上升步长(例如,针对较低干扰的较大上升步长)。也可基于例如(举例来说)终端的当前传输功率电平、相对于服务扇区的信道增益的邻近扇区的信道增益、先前OTA OSI报告等其它参数来确定步长和/或调节速率。
终端u可基于来自一个或多个邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告调节其传输功率。终端u可基于从扇区接收的导频估计每一扇区的信道增益。终端u接着可如下导出每一邻近扇区的信道增益比:
其中gns,i(n)是终端u与邻近扇区i之间的信道增益;
gss(n)是终端u与服务扇区之间的信道增益;且
ri(n)是邻近扇区i的信道增益比。
在一个实施例中,终端u识别具有最大信道增益比的最强邻近扇区。终端u接着基于仅来自此最强邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告调节其传输功率。在另一实施例中,终端u基于来自OSI组中所有扇区的OTA OSI报告调节其传输功率。此OSI组可含有:(1)T个最强邻近扇区,其中T≥1;(2)具有超过信道增益比阈值的信道增益比的邻近扇区;(3)具有超过信道增益阈值的信道增益的邻近扇区;(4)包含在由服务扇区广播的邻近列表中的邻近扇区;或(5)某个其它群组的邻近扇区。终端u接着可基于来自OSI组中多个邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告而以各种方式调节其传输功率。举例来说,终端u可在OSI组中的任一邻近扇区观察到高干扰或过量干扰时减小其传输功率。作为另一实例,终端u可确定对OSI组中每一邻近扇区的传输功率调节,且可接着组合对OSI组中所有邻近扇区的调节以获得总传输功率调节。
大体上,可结合各种功率控制方案执行用于干扰控制的传输功率调节。为了清楚起见,下文描述特定的功率控制方案。对于此功率控制方案,指配给终端u的业务信道的传输功率可表达为:
Pdch(n)=Pref(n)+ΔP(n),等式(10)
其中Pdch(n)是更新时间间隔n中业务信道的传输功率;
Pref(n)是更新时间间隔n中的参考功率电平;且
ΔP(n)是更新时间间隔n中的传输功率增量。
传输功率电平Pdch(n)和Pref(n)以及传输功率增量ΔP(n)以分贝(dB)为单位给出。
参考功率电平Pref(n)是实现针对指定传输的目标SNR所需的传输功率的量,其可由终端u在控制信道或某种其它传输上信令发送。可调节参考功率电平和目标SNR以实现针对指定传输的所要性能水平,例如1%包错误率(PER)。如果业务信道上的数据传输和指定传输观察到类似的噪声和干扰特性,那么数据传输的所接收SNR SNRdch(n)可估计为:
SNRdch(n)=SNRtarget+ΔP(n)。等式(11)
可基于来自邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告,以确定性方式、概率性方式或某种其它方式调节传输功率增量ΔP(n)。所述传输功率可(1)使用确定性调节针对不同干扰电平调节不同量;或(2)使用概率性调节针对不同干扰电平以不同速率调节。下文描述示范性确定性和概率性传输功率调节方案。为了简明起见,以下描述针对对于从一个邻近扇区接收的OSI位的传输功率调节。此OSI位可为OSI位1或2。
图4展示用于以确定性方式调节终端u的传输功率的过程400。初始地,终端u处理来自邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告(框412)并确定OSI位是“1”还是“0”(框414)。如果OSI位是“1”,指示观察到的干扰超过干扰阈值,那么终端u确定传输功率的减少量,或下降步长ΔPdn(n)(框422)。可基于前一更新时间间隔的传输功率增量ΔP(n-1)和邻近扇区的信道增益比rns(n)来确定ΔPdn(n)。终端u接着将传输功率增量减小ΔPdn(n)(框424)。相反地,如果OSI位是“0”,那么终端u确定传输功率的增加量,或上升步长ΔPup(n)(框432)。也可基于ΔP(n-1)和rns(n)确定ΔPup(n)。终端u接着将传输功率增量增加ΔPup(n)(框434)。框424和434中的传输功率调节可表达为:
在框424和框434之后,终端u将传输功率增量ΔP(n)限制在可允许的传输功率增量范围内(框442),如下:
ΔP(n)∈[ΔPmin,ΔPmax],等式(13)
其中ΔPmin是可允许用于业务信道的最小传输功率增量,且
ΔPmax是可允许用于业务信道的最大传输功率增量。
将扇区中所有终端的传输功率增量限制在如等式(13)所示的传输功率增量范围内可将扇区内干扰维持在可接受的水平内。可通过控制回路调节最小传输功率增量ΔPmin,以确保每一终端可满足终端所属的服务质量(QoS)等级的要求。可以不同速率和/或以不同步长调节不同QoS等级的ΔPmin。
终端u接着基于传输功率增量ΔP(n)和参考功率电平Pref(n)计算业务信道的传输功率Pdch(n),如等式(10)所示(框444)。终端u可将传输功率Pdch(n)限制在最大功率电平Pmax内(框446),如下:
等式(14)
终端u使用传输功率Pdch(n)进行业务信道上的数据传输。
在一实施例中,ΔPdn(n)和ΔPup(n)步长计算为:
ΔPdn(n)=fdn(ΔPdn,min,ΔP(n-1),rns(n),kdn),及等式(15a)
ΔPup(n)=fup(ΔPup,min,ΔP(n-1),rns(n),kup),等式(15b)
其中ΔPdn,min和ΔPup,min分别是ΔPdn(n)和ΔPup(n)的最小值;
kdn和kup分别是ΔPdn(n)和ΔPup(n)的缩放因数;且
fdn()和fup()分别是计算ΔPdn(n)和ΔPup(n)的函数。
可定义函数fdn()以使得ΔPdn(n)与ΔP(n-1)和rns(n)两者有关。如果邻近扇区观察到高干扰或过量干扰,那么(1)邻近扇区的较大信道增益导致较大ΔPdn(n)且(2)ΔP(n-1)的较大值导致较大的ΔPdn(n)。可定义函数fup()以使得ΔPup(n)与ΔP(n-1)和rns(n)两者逆相关。如果邻近扇区观察到低干扰,那么(1)邻近扇区的较大信道增益导致较小ΔPup(n)且(2)ΔP(n-1)的较大值导致较小的ΔPup(n)。
图4展示针对来自一个邻近扇区的一个OSI位的处理。当邻近扇区观察到过量干扰时,较大值可用于ΔPdn(n)。当邻近扇区观察到高干扰时,较小值可用于ΔPdn(n)。通过例如分别针对高干扰和过量干扰使用不同的缩放因数kdn1和kdn2来获得不同的下降步长。
图5展示用于以概率性方式调节终端u的传输功率的过程500。初始地,终端u处理来自邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告(框512)并确定OSI位是“1”还是“0”(框514)。如果OSI位是“1”,那么终端u例如基于ΔP(n-1)和rns(n)来确定用于减小传输功率的概率Prdn(n)(框522)。终端u接着随机选择0.0与1.0之间的值x,其中x为均匀分布在0.0与1.0之间的随机变量(框524)。如果x小于或等于Prdn(n),如框526中确定,那么终端u将其传输功率增量减小ΔPdn(框528)。否则,如果x大于Prdn(n),那么终端u将传输功率增量维持在当前水平(框530)。
如果框514中OSI位是“0”,那么终端u例如基于ΔP(n-1)和rns(n)来确定用于增加传输功率的概率Prup(n)(框532)。终端u接着随机选择0.0与1.0之间的值x(框534)。如果x小于或等于Prup(n),如框536中所确定,那么终端u将其传输功率增量增加ΔPup(框538)。否则,如果x大于Prup(n),那么终端u将传输功率增量维持在当前水平(框530)。框528、530和538中的传输功率调节可表达为:
ΔPdn和ΔPup可为相同值(例如,0.25dB、0.5dB、1.0dB等)或可为不同值。
在框528、530和538之后,终端u限制传输功率增量,如等式(13)所示(框542)。终端u接着基于传输功率增量ΔP(n)和参考功率电平Pref(n)计算传输功率Pdch(n),如等式(10)所示(框544),且将传输功率Pdch(n)进一步限制在最大功率电平内,如等式(14)所示(框546)。终端u使用传输功率Pdch(n)在业务信道上进行数据传输。
在一实施例中,如下计算概率:
Prdn(n)=f′dn(Prdn,min,ΔP(n-1),rns(n),kdn),及等式(17a)
Prup(n)=f′up(Prup,min,ΔP(n-1),rns(n),kup),等式(17b)
其中Prdn,min和Prup,min分别是Prdn(n)和Prup(n)的最小值;
且f′dn()和f′up()分别是计算Prdn(n)和Prup(n)的函数。
可定义函数f′dn()以使得Prdn(n)与ΔP(n-1)和rns(n)两者有关。如果邻近扇区观察到高干扰或过量干扰,那么(1)邻近扇区的较大信道增益导致较大Prdn(n)且(2)ΔP(n-1)的较大值导致较大的Prdn(n)。较大的Prdn(n)导致减少传输功率的较高概率。可定义函数f′up()以使得Prup(n)与ΔP(n-1)和rns(n)两者逆相关。如果邻近扇区观察到低干扰,那么(1)邻近扇区的较大信道增益导致较小Prup(n)且(2)ΔP(n-1)的较大值导致较小的Prup(n)。较小的Prup(n)导致增加传输功率的较低概率。
图5展示针对来自一个邻近扇区的一个OSI位的处理。当邻近扇区观察到过量干扰时,较大值可用于Prdn(n)。当邻近扇区观察到高干扰时,较小值可用于Prdn(n)。例如,通过分别针对高干扰和过量干扰使用不同的缩放因数kdn1和kdn2来获得不同的下降概率且因而获得不同的功率调节速率。
大体上,可使用各种函数计算ΔPdn(n)和ΔPup(n)步长以及Prdn(n)和Prup(n)概率。可基于例如当前传输功率、当前传输功率增量、当前OTA OSI报告、先前OTA OSI报告、信道增益等各种参数来定义函数。每一函数对例如传输功率调节的收敛速率以及系统中终端的传输功率增量的分布的各种功率控制特性可能具有不同的影响。也可基于查找表或通过某种其它方法来确定步长和概率。
也可基于QoS级别、用户优先权级别等来执行上文所述的传输功率调节和/或准入控制。举例来说,使用紧急事件服务的终端和管制终端可能具有较高的优先权,且可能能够以比正常优先权用户更快的速率和/或更大的步长来调节传输功率。作为另一实例,发送语音业务的终端可以较慢的速率和/或较小的步长调节传输功率。
终端u也可改变基于从邻近扇区接收的先前OTA OSI报告调节传输功率的方式。举例来说,终端u可在邻近扇区报告过量干扰时以特定下降步长和/或特定速率减少其传输功率,且可在邻近扇区持续报告过量干扰时以较大下降步长和/或较快速率减少传输功率。替代地或另外,终端u可在邻近扇区报告过量干扰时或在邻近扇区持续报告过量干扰时忽略等式(13)中的ΔPmin。
上文已描述减轻扇区间干扰的功率控制的各种实施例。也可以其它方式执行干扰和功率控制,且这在本发明的范围内。
在一实施例中,每一扇区向邻近扇区中的终端广播其OTA OSI报告,如上所述。可用充足的传输功率广播OTA OSI报告以实现邻近扇区中所要的覆盖。每一终端可接收来自邻近扇区的OTA OSI报告并以实现充分低的误检测率和充分低的错误警报概率的方式处理这些OTA OSI报告。误检测指检测已传输的OSI位或值的故障。错误警报指对所接收OSI位或值的错误检测。举例来说,如果使用BPSK传输OSI位,那么终端可宣告所接收OSI位:(1)如果所检测OSI位低于第一阈值,OSI位<-Bth,则为“0”;(2)如果所检测OSI位超过第二阈值,OSI位>+Bth,则为“1”;且(3)在其它情况下,+Bth>OSI位≥-Bth,则为空位。终端通常可通过调节用于检测的阈值来折衷误检测率和错误警报概率。
在另一实施例中,每一扇区还向其扇区内的终端广播由邻近扇区产生的OTA OSI报告。每一扇区因此充当邻近扇区的代理。此实施例可确保每一终端可以可靠地接收由邻近扇区产生的OTA OSI报告,因为终端可从服务扇区接收这些OTA OSI报告。此实施例充分地适用于其中扇区覆盖大小不相等的不对称网络布局。较小的扇区通常以较低功率电平传输,且由这些较小扇区广播的OTA OSI报告可能不会由邻近扇区中的终端可靠地接收。较小扇区接着将得益于由邻近扇区广播其OTA OSI报告。
大体上,给定扇区m可广播由任意数目的其它扇区和其中任一者产生的OTA OSI报告。在实施例中,扇区m广播由扇区m的邻近列表中的扇区产生的OTA OSI报告。邻近列表可由网络操作员或以某种其它方式形成。在另一实施例中,扇区m广播由包含在扇区m中终端的现用组中的所有扇区产生的OTA OSI报告。每一终端可维持包含与终端通信的所有扇区的现用组。在终端从一个扇区移交到另一扇区时,可向现用组添加扇区或从现用组中移除扇区。在又一实施例中,扇区m广播由包含在扇区m中终端的候选组中的所有扇区产生的OTA OSI报告。每一终端可维持包含可与终端通信的所有扇区的候选组。可例如基于信道增益和/或某种其它参数向候选组添加扇区或从候选组中移除扇区。在又一实施例中,扇区m广播由包含在扇区m中终端的OSI组中的所有扇区产生的OTA OSI报告。可如上所述界定每一终端的OSI组。
如上所述,系统可仅利用基于用户的干扰控制或仅利用基于网络的干扰控制。基于用户的干扰控制可能较易实施,因为每一扇区和每一终端可自主动作。基于网络的干扰控制可提供改进的性能,因为以协调方式执行干扰控制。系统也可同时利用基于用户和基于网络的干扰控制两者。系统也可一直利用基于用户的干扰控制,并可仅在观察到过量干扰时调用基于网络的干扰控制。系统也可针对不同的操作条件调用每一类型的干扰控制。
图6展示可用于调节系统100中终端120x的传输功率的功率控制机制600。终端120x与服务扇区110x通信且可对邻近扇区110a到110l产生干扰。功率控制机制600包含:(1)参考回路610,其在终端120x与服务扇区110x之间操作;和(2)第二回路620,其在终端120x与邻近扇区110a到110l之间操作。参考回路610和第二回路620可同时操作但可以不同速率更新,其中参考回路610为比第二回路620快的回路。为了简明起见,图6仅展示回路610和620驻留在终端120x处的部分。
参考回路610调节参考功率电平Pref(n),使得在服务扇区110x处测得的指定传输的所接收SNR尽可能接近目标SNR。对于参考回路610,服务扇区110x估计指定传输的所接收SNR,将所接收SNR与目标SNR进行比较,并基于比较结果产生传输功率控制(TPC)命令。每一TPC命令可为:(1)指挥参考功率电平增加的UP命令;或(2)指挥参考功率电平减小的DOWN命令。服务扇区110x在前向链路(云块670)上向终端120x传输TPC命令。
终端120x处,TPC命令处理器642检测服务扇区110x传输的TPC命令并提供TPC决策。每一TPC决策可在所接收TPC命令被视为UP命令时为UP决策,或在所接收TPC命令被视为DOWN命令时为DOWN决策。参考功率调节单元644基于TPC决策调节参考功率电平。单元644可针对每一UP决策将Pref(n)增加上升步长,且针对每一DOWN决策将Pref(n)减小下降步长。传输(TX)数据处理器660按比例缩放指定传输以实现参考功率电平。终端120x向服务扇区110x发送指定传输。
由于反向链路(云块640)上的路径损耗、衰减和多路径效应(通常随时间变化),且尤其是针对移动终端,指定传输的所接收SNR持续波动。参考回路610尝试在反向链路信道条件存在变化时将指定传输的所接收SNR维持在目标SNR或其附近。
第二回路620调节指配给终端120x的业务信道的传输功率Pdch(n),使得针对业务信道使用尽可能高的功率电平,同时将扇区间干扰保持在可接受的水平内。对于第二回路620,每一邻近扇区110在反向链路上接收传输,估计邻近扇区从其它扇区中的终端观察到的扇区间干扰,基于干扰估计值产生OTA OSI报告,并向其它扇区中的终端广播OTAOSI报告。
终端120x处,OSI报告处理器652接收邻近扇区广播的OTA OSI报告并向传输功率增量调节单元656提供检测的OSI报告。信道估计器654接收来自服务和邻近扇区的导频,估计每一扇区的信道增益,并向单元656提供所有扇区的估计信道增益。单元656确定邻近扇区的信道增益比并基于检测的OSI报告和信道增益比来进一步调节传输功率增量ΔP(n),如上所述。单元656可实施图3到图5所示的过程300、400和/或500。传输功率计算单元658基于来自单元644的参考传输电平Pref(n)、来自单元656的传输功率增量ΔP(n)以及可能的其它因数计算传输功率Pdch(n)。TX数据处理器660使用传输功率Pdch(n)向服务扇区110x进行数据传输。
图6展示可用于干扰控制的示范性功率控制机制。也可以其它方式和/或用与上述不同的参数执行干扰控制。
图7展示终端120x、服务基站110x和邻近基站110y的实施例的框图。为了清楚起见,以下描述假定使用图6所示的功率控制机制600。
在反向链路上,在终端120x处,TX数据处理器710对反向链路(RL)业务数据和控制数据进行编码、交错和符号映射并提供数据符号。调制器(Mod)712将数据符号和导频符号映射到适当的子频带和符号周期上,在适用时执行OFDM调制,并提供复值码片序列。发射器单元(TMTR)714对码片序列进行调节(例如,转换为模拟、放大、滤波和上变频)并产生反向链路信号,所述反向链路信号经由天线716传输。
在服务基站110x处,多个天线752xa到752xt接收来自终端120x和其它终端的反向链路信号。每一天线752x向相应的接收器单元(RCVR)754x提供接收的信号。每一接收器单元754x对其接收的信号进行调节(例如,滤波、放大、下变频和数字化),在适用时执行OFDM解调,并提供接收的符号。RX空间处理器758对来自所有接收器单元的所接收符号执行接收器空间处理,并提供作为所传输数据符号的估计值的数据符号估计值。RX数据处理器760x对数据符号估计值进行去映射、解交错和解码并提供用于终端120x和当前由基站110x服务的其它终端的经解码数据。
可类似于上文针对反向链路所描述而执行对于前向链路传输的处理。对前向和反向链路上的传输的处理通常由系统指定。
对于干扰和功率控制,在服务基站110x处,RX空间处理器758x估计终端120x的所接收的SNR,估计其站110x观察到的扇区间干扰,并将对于终端110x的SNR估计值和干扰估计值(例如,测得的干扰Imeas,m)提供到控制器770x。控制器770x基于终端的SNR估计值和目标SNR产生针对终端120x的TPC命令。控制器770x可基于干扰估计值产生OTA OSI报告利/或IS OSI报告。控制器770x也可经由通信(Comm)单元774x接收来自邻近扇区的IS OSI报告。TPC命令、针对基站110x的OTA OSI报告、以及可能的针对其它扇区的OTA OSI报告由TX数据处理器782x和TX空间处理器784x进行处理,由发射器单元754xa到754xt进行调节,且经由天线752xa到752xt进行传输。来自基站110x的IS OSI报告可经由通信单元774x发送到邻近扇区。
在邻近基站110y处,多个天线752ya到752yt接收来自终端120x和其它终端的反向链路信号。每一天线752y向相应的接收器单元(RCVR)754ya到754yt提供接收的信号。每一接收器单元754y对其接收的信号进行调节(例如,滤波、放大、下变频和数字化),在适用时执行OFDM解调,并提供接收的符号。RX空间处理器758y对基站110y观测的扇区间干扰进行干扰,并且向控制器770y提供干扰估计值。RX数据处理器760y对数据符号估计值进行去映射、解交错和解码并提供用于终端120x和当前由基站110y服务的其它终端的经解码数据。控制器770y可基于干扰估计值产生OTA OSI报告和/或IS OSI报告。OTA OSI报告经处理并广播到系统中的终端。IS OSI报告可经由通信单元774y发送到邻近扇区。基站110y的OTA OSI报告及很可能其他扇区的OTA OSI报告由TX数据处理器782y和TX空间处理器784y处理。
在终端120x处,天线716接收来自服务和邻近基站的前向链路信号并向接收器单元714提供所接收信号。所接收信号由接收器单元714调节并数字化,且由解调器(Demod)742和RX数据处理器744进一步处理。处理器744提供针对终端120x的由服务基站110x发送的TPC命令以及由邻近基站广播的OTA OSI报告。解调器742内的信道估计器估计每一基站的信道增益。控制器720检测所接收的TPC命令并基于TPC决策更新参考功率电平。控制器720还基于从邻近基站接收的OTA OSI报告以及服务和邻近基站的信道增益来调节业务信道的传输功率。控制器720提供指配给终端120x的业务信道的传输功率。处理器710和/或调制器712基于控制器720提供的传输功率按比例缩放数据符号。
控制器720、770x和770y分别指挥终端120x以及基站110x和110y处各个处理单元的操作。这些控制器还可执行针对干扰和功率控制的各种功能。举例来说,控制器720可实施图6所示的任何或所有单元642到658和/或图3到图5所示的过程300、400和/或500。每一基站110的控制器770可实施图2中的过程200的所有或一部分。存储器单元722、772x和772y分别存储控制器720、770x和770y的数据和程序代码。调度器780x调度终端以用于与基站110x进行通信,且还例如基于来自邻近基站的IS OSI报告向经调度终端指配业务信道。
可通过各种方法实施本文描述的干扰控制技术。举例来说,这些技术可实施在硬件、软件或其组合中。对于硬件实施方案来说,用于在基站执行干扰控制的处理单元可实施在一个或一个以上专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理装置(DSPD)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、电子装置、经设计以执行本文描述的功能的其它电子单元或其组合内。用于在终端处执行干扰控制的处理单元也可实施在一个或一个以上ASIC、DSP、处理器、电子装置等内。
对于软件实施方案,可用执行本文描述的功能的模块(例如,程序、函数等)来实施干扰控制技术。软件代码可存储在存储器单元(例如,图7中的存储器单元722、772x或772y)中并由处理器(例如,控制器720、770x或770y)执行。存储器单元可实施在处理器内或处理器外部。
提供所揭示的实施例的先前描述以使所属领域的技术人员能够制造或使用本发明。所属领域的技术人员将易于了解对于这些实施例的各种修改,且本文定义的一般原理可在不偏离本发明精神或范围的情况下应用于其它实施例。因此,不希望本发明限于本文展示的实施例,而是本发明应符合与本文揭示的原理和新颖特征一致的最广泛范围。
Claims (26)
1.一种用于干扰控制的方法,包含:
估计由一扇区观察到的来自相邻扇中的终端的干扰,并由此获得一干扰估计;
基于所述干扰估计产生一第一干扰报告;
广播所述第一干扰报告至所述相邻扇区的所述终端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包含:
基于所述干扰估计产生一第二干扰报告;及
发送所述第二干扰报告至所述相邻扇区。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述第二干扰报告与所述第一干扰报告相同。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述第二干扰报告比所述第一干扰报告包含更多信息。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包含:
获得多个干扰估计;及
在多个接收天线平均所述多个干扰估计,并由此获得所述多个干扰估计的平均值;
其中所述第一干扰报告是基于所述多个干扰估计的所述平均值产生的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述干扰值指示所述干扰估计是否大于或小于一阈值。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述干扰值传达相对于多个阈值的所述干扰估计。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包含:
自所述相邻扇区接收干扰报告;及
基于自所述相邻扇区接收的所述干扰报告调整所述扇区上的终端的数据传输。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包含广播自所述相邻扇区接收的所述干扰报告至所述扇区上的所述终端。
10.一种用于干扰控制的装置,包含:
处理器;
与所述处理器电连接的存储器;及
存储于所述存储器内的指令,所述指令可执行的:
估计由一扇区观察到的来自相邻扇中的终端的干扰,并由此获得一干扰估计;
基于所述干扰估计产生一第一干扰报告;
广播所述第一干扰报告至所述相邻扇区的所述终端。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述指令可执行的:
基于所述干扰估计产生一第二干扰报告;及
发送所述第二干扰报告至所述相邻扇区。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中所述第二干扰报告与所述第一干扰报告相同。
13.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中所述第二干扰报告比所述第一干扰报告包含更多信息。
14.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述指令可执行的:
获得多个干扰估计;及
在多个接收天线平均所述多个干扰估计,并由此获得所述多个干扰估计的平均值;
其中所述第一干扰报告是基于所述多个干扰估计的所述平均值产生的。
15.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述干扰值指示所述干扰估计是否大于或小于一阈值。
16.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述干扰值传达相对于多个阈值的所述干扰估计。
17.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述指令可执行的:
自所述相邻扇区接收干扰报告;及
基于自所述相邻扇区接收的所述干扰报告调整所述扇区上的终端的数据传输。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述指令可执行的广播自所述相邻扇区接收的所述干扰报告至所述扇区上的所述终端。
19.一种用于干扰控制的装置,包含:
用于估计由一扇区观察到的来自相邻扇中的终端的干扰,并由此获得一干扰估计的装置;
用于基于所述干扰估计产生一第一干扰报告的装置;
用于广播所述第一干扰报告至所述相邻扇区的所述终端的装置。
20.根据权利要求19所述的装置,进一步包含:
用于基于所述干扰估计产生一第二干扰报告的装置;及
发送所述第二干扰报告至所述相邻扇区。
21.根据权利要求20所述的装置,其中所述第二干扰报告与所述第一干扰报告相同。
22.根据权利要求20所述的装置,其中所述第二干扰报告比所述第一干扰报告包含更多信息。
23.一种包含指令的非暂时性的计算机可读媒体,所述指令可执行的:
估计由一扇区观察到的来自相邻扇中的终端的干扰,并由此获得一干扰估计;
基于所述干扰估计产生一第一干扰报告;
广播所述第一干扰报告至所述相邻扇区的所述终端。
24.根据权利要求23所述的计算机可读媒体,进一步包含指令可执行的:
基于所述干扰估计产生一第二干扰报告;及
发送所述第二干扰报告至所述相邻扇区。
25.根据权利要求24所述的计算机可读媒体,其中所述第二干扰报告与所述第一干扰报告相同。
26.根据权利要求24所述的计算机可读媒体,其中所述第二干扰报告比所述第一干扰报告包含更多信息。
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