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CN101843440B - 从包囊制备饮料的方法及实施该方法的装置 - Google Patents

从包囊制备饮料的方法及实施该方法的装置 Download PDF

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CN101843440B
CN101843440B CN2010101662519A CN201010166251A CN101843440B CN 101843440 B CN101843440 B CN 101843440B CN 2010101662519 A CN2010101662519 A CN 2010101662519A CN 201010166251 A CN201010166251 A CN 201010166251A CN 101843440 B CN101843440 B CN 101843440B
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E·法夫尔
J·亨奇
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A47J31/24—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure
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    • A47J31/3666—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means whereby the loading of the brewing chamber with the brewing material is performed by the user
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Abstract

一种用于从包囊制备饮料或液体食品的方法，该包囊装有要被提取的产品，所述包囊具有一个柔性隔膜(17)，该隔膜能够进行弹性或永久变形到一个相当大的程度，该方法包括以下步骤：刺穿多个孔(26)并且所述孔分布在柔性隔膜上，将水以这样一种方式注射到柔性隔膜上，即隔膜在包囊内所容纳的产品的方向上变形，以及，水通过所述孔穿过包囊。被刺穿尖头刺穿的孔的大小是由包囊被填充的水平或者由包囊内产品的致密性控制的，从而影响在柔性隔膜的两侧(17a，17b)之间的液动压力差ΔP，以此方式使容纳于包囊内的产品的压力获得自动调节。

Description

从包囊制备饮料的方法及实施该方法的装置
本专利申请是另一专利申请的分案申请，所述另一专利申请(母案申请)的国家申请号是：200480021290.2；国际申请日是：2004年6月10日；发明名称是：“从包囊制备饮料的方法及实施该方法的装置”。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从包囊制备饮料或液体食品的方法，该包囊装有要被提取的产品，本发明还涉及用于实施该方法的装置。
背景技术
人们已经知道怎样从一个装有要被提取的产品的包囊制备饮料，比如咖啡，这些在国际专利申请WO 9207775中有记载。所述包囊被容纳在装置的一个包囊托架或框架内，可以在一个注射头上密封地施压以便将热水注射到该包囊内。包囊托架的或框架的底部设有用于刺穿包囊底部的部件，以便允许咖啡或一些其它已被提取的饮料从包囊内流出。
在上述公知的装置中，可以采用不同的系统将水注射包囊内。一些系统包括一种格栅，此格栅设有许多孔用于使注射的水分布在包囊的一个上部多孔隔膜上，这些已被记载在欧洲申请EP 0 006 175中。所述注射头还可以设有许多尖头，这些已被记载在美国专利US 3 607 297中，用于将一个密封地封闭包囊的隔膜刺穿。在一些系统中，注射头包括一个或几个注射尖头，每一个尖头设有一个注水通道并且刺穿包囊的上部隔膜，以便通过设在注射尖头内的注水通道将水直接注射到包囊内。设有刺穿部件的所述注射头提供的优点是，它们使得能够给包囊提供一个上部密封隔膜，此隔膜在使用前无需移除。
设有单个尖头并且其中的注水孔设置在包囊内的所述注射系统具有的缺点是，不能将注射水以均匀的方式分布在包囊内容纳的产品中，这有助于在要被提取的产品中形成优先液流通道。结果是将要被提取的产品提取了，在此过程期间，由于由所述优先液流通道提供的阻力低，提取是不完全的而且包囊内的抽气压力大大降低。
在系统中，一个注射头具有多个刺穿尖头，这些已被记载在US 3327 614，EP 604 615或者EP 1 203 554中，与采用单个注射尖头相比较，所述优先液流通道带来的问题被减少了，然而没有被消除。
在所有公知的系统中，在提取期间，被注射到包囊内产品中的水流的阻力趋向于减小，尤其是在提取的最后阶段。
发明内容
鉴于上述缺点，本发明的一个目的是提供一种从包囊制备饮料或液体食品的方法，该包囊装有要被提取的产品，该方法是有效的并且能够使所述产品的提取获得最佳特性。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种装置和一种包囊，其容纳有要被提取的产品，用于制备饮料或液体食品，它能够使所述产品的提取获得最佳特性。
有利的是，提供一种用于制备饮料或液体食品的方法以及一种用于实施该方法的具有一个包囊的装置，其能够改进所获得的饮料或液体食品的味道和质地。
有利的是，提供一种方法以及一种用于实施该方法的具有一个包囊的装置，特别是用于制备热咖啡或巧克力，其能够使之产生丰富的泡沫。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：根据权利要求1的一种用于制备饮料或液体食品的方法，根据权利要求5或权利要求8的用于制备饮料或液体食品的装置的应用，以及，根据权利要求11的一种容纳有用于制备饮料或液体食品的要被提取的产品的包囊。
优选地，根据本发明的方法、装置和包囊使得能够确保包囊内的注射水很好的分布，并在包囊内部保持一个反压，以便使包囊内的要被提取的产品的提取最佳化。
而且，根据本发明的方法、装置和包囊使得能够避免形成优先液流通道。在产品将用尽的材料滞留在包囊内的情形下，诸如咖啡粉，由包囊的上部隔膜施加在要被提取产品上的压力，一方面能够避免优先液流通道的形成，另一方面能够将一个反力保持为注射压力，从而确保在整个提取循环期间使提取能在高压下继续下去，这使提取最佳化，而且使之能够获得丰富的香味并使容纳在包囊内的全部产品得到更彻底的提取。而且，在整个提取循环期间所施加的高压使之能够获得很好的泡沫。
泡沫的回收可以通过在包囊托架的底部设置一个收集部来进一步改进，该收集部设有一个壁来限定一个向上突出的孔，该孔设有局部流出狭槽用于抽空液体提取物，泡沫的一部分流过所述收集部的向上突出的孔。
在产品没有滞留任何用尽材料、比如粉末状的巧克力或者奶粉、即被完全提取的情形下，根据本发明的方法、装置和包囊能够实现提取，该提取是完全的，同时允许形成很好的泡沫。
附图说明
根据下面的描述并结合附图，本发明的其它有利目的和特征将变得更加清楚，这些附图中：
图1是一种用于制备饮料或液体食品的装置的一部分的横截面图，示出一个注射头和一个包囊托架的一部分，其中套有一个充满要被提取产品的包囊，该注射头和该包囊托架处于一个初始位置，等待提取；
图2是类似于图1的视图，然而注射头处于它的“准备注射”位置，即，密封地压靠在包囊托架内的包囊上表面上；
图2a是详细的局部视图，示出注射头的一个刺穿尖头刺入到包囊的柔性隔膜；
图3是类似于图2的视图，其处于水注射的一个更初始阶段；
图4是类似于图3的视图，其处于水注射的一个更向前的阶段；
图5是注射头和包囊的一个优选结构的横截面图；以及
图6是根据本发明的注射头和包囊的另一优选结构的横截面图。
具体实施方式
参见附图，一种用于从一个包囊1制备饮料或液体食品的装置，该包囊1容纳有要被提取的产品2，该装置包括一个注射头3和一个包囊托架4，如图2至4所示，通过一个刺刀形系统或者其它系统，该包囊托架4能轻轻地压靠在注射头3上。该包囊托架4具有一个侧壁5和一个中间底壁6，一起形成一个上空腔部7a，通过该空腔部7a套入包囊1。该侧壁5具有一种轻微的圆锥形形状，该形状还与包囊1的侧壁8的大致圆锥形形状相匹配。优选地，所述中间底壁6还可以设置成一种过滤壁的形式，其具有多个刺穿尖头9并且具有延伸穿过所述壁的流出孔10，其中所述尖头被设计成用来刺穿包囊的底壁11。
优选地，所述包囊的底壁11具有一种凹陷的形状(当从外部看时)，当在注射期间在包囊上有一定压力时，该底壁11向外凸出，以此方式，使得刺穿尖头9能够刺穿底壁11，并使得已被提取的饮料通过过滤壁6的流出孔10流出。液体流入包囊托架的位于中间底壁6与一底壁12之间的下部空腔部7b。
包囊托架4的底壁12具有一个流出通道13，该流出通道13被一个唇部14包围，该唇部14相对于底壁12的最低点15向上突出，其中所述唇部14包括一个或几个狭槽16，狭槽16向所述下空腔部7b的最低点15延伸，以便允许液体从包囊托架中完全抽出。该向上突出的唇部14使得在该下空腔部7b内浮于液体28表面上的一部分泡沫27能够进入抽出通道13，并且当液体没有泡沫时，同时能够通过该向上突出的孔被排空。与抽出通道在最低点位置具有平坦的孔的传统的系统相比较，该系统使得能够保持更大量的泡沫。
所述包囊1具有一个柔性的隔膜17，该隔膜被焊接或粘结到一个环形凸缘部件18上，该凸缘部件18从包囊1的侧壁8的一端19径向延伸。凸缘部件18及柔性隔膜17的焊接部都被焊接在一个设置于注射头上的环形密封件20与所述包囊托架4的上凸缘部件21上之间。所述包囊的侧壁8和底壁11最好是设置成一个单一元件，通过注射模塑法由聚合物制成，比如聚丙烯或者其它任何能被回收的塑料。侧壁8和底壁11形成一个薄壳，与柔性隔膜17相比较，该薄壳相对刚硬些。柔性隔膜17最好是也由一种或多种聚合物制成，以利用它们的能够经受巨大弹性变形和/或永久变形的能力。最好是，柔性隔膜是由与薄壳8、11相关或者相同的材料制成，这有利于包囊的回收再利用。
优选地，所述柔性隔膜17可以由多层膜片形成，比如多层聚丙烯膜片，以便改善它的抗拉强度和它的可变形性(弹性和/或永久)。鉴于在提取期间隔膜要经受注射水的高压作用并且变形相当大的实事，这是很重要的。优选地，该多层隔膜可以由五层以上的膜片形成。已经发现，七层膜片使之能够获得弹性特性和抗拉强度，这些对于特定的应用是最理想的。
在提取期间，所述环形凸缘部件18起到一个支架的作用，能够经受住由隔膜施加的接伸力，不仅因为该凸缘部件在半径方向R上是非常刚硬的，而且因为该凸缘部件受压且保持在包囊托架与注射头的环形密封件20之间。
所述注射头3包括一个本体22，该本体22具有一个供水通道23，该通道在一个设有多个刺穿尖头25的刺穿表面24上开启，这些尖头25相互间隔开并分布在整个刺穿表面24上。在此实施例中，供水通道基本上开启在刺穿表面24的中央，但是也可以设置几个供水通道以使之在刺穿表面24上的不同位置开启。刺穿表面24的直径大致等于或者小于包囊的柔性隔膜17的直径。
所述刺穿尖头25最好是具有圆锥形形状，即它们的横截面基本上呈圆形。刺穿尖头也可以具有椭圆形形状或者任何其它平滑的形状(即，没有任何尖锐边缘)，其逐渐变细并以一个刺穿尖头结束。刺穿尖头的形状母线29最好是一条直线，但也可以是一条曲线。
优选地，所述表面没有刺穿尖头的尖锐边缘使之能够获得一个孔26，该孔26形成为穿过弹性隔膜17并具有一个边缘26(参见图2a)，它是平滑的、均匀的而且没有尖锐的带角部分，以便当接伸力施加到隔膜上时避免隔膜破裂。
所述刺穿尖头的圆锥体的角度最好是在30°至50°之间。该圆锥体的角度和尖头刺入隔膜17的深度决定了被刺穿的孔26的直径。尤其是，刺穿尖头刺入隔膜17的深度将取决于由包囊内的产品2提供的阻力，当注射头处于它的“准备注射”的降低位置时，如图2所示。
因而，隔膜17的弹性和永久变形性能，以及与刺穿尖头的形状(具有一个平滑的表面和一个带某一角度的圆锥体)的结合，使得能够形成孔26，孔26具有一个形状能使隔膜抵抗破裂而且其更大的或更小的尺寸取决于填充包囊的产品数量及其致密性。因而，包囊内填充的产品2越少，则刺穿隔膜的孔就越小。在刺穿期间在产品没有提供反力的情形下，孔26的直径将取决于刺穿表面24的形状，柔性隔膜17的弹性和塑性，并取决于刺穿尖头的形状。
当水在压力下通过供水通道23注射时，柔性隔膜在压力作用下变形，如图3所示，并且从注射头的刺穿表面24上离开。带压力的水通过分布在隔膜表面上的多个穿孔26流过柔性隔膜，并弄湿包囊内部的产品。包囊内压力的增大导致底部11的壁向外凸出，因而所述壁径向地突出而抵靠在过滤壁6的刺穿尖头上并被刺穿，从而使液体28流入下空腔部7b，如图4所示。
在提取期间，由柔性隔膜施加在包囊内产品上的压力使得产品尽可能地保持相对的密实并且防止优先液流通道的形成。另一方面，由隔膜施加的压力还使得尽可能地确保用于抵抗液体经过产品流动时产生的反阻力在整个提取期间保持很高，从而改善产品的润湿性、它的提取以及泡沫的产生。
柔性隔膜17的变形程度是由在水注射到其上的表面7a与朝向包囊内部的表面7b之间的液动压力差ΔP决定的。液动压力差ΔP是由孔26的大小和数量决定的。这些孔26的大小是由隔膜17提供的阻力的函数，该阻力用以抵抗尖头25刺穿隔膜17。特别是，此阻力将取决于包囊8内容纳的产品2的量。此情形确保容纳于包囊8内的产品2的压力自动调节。包囊内的产品越少，则隔膜的变形将越大，且水的流速将越低，这还限制了优先通道的形成。
如图6所示，所述刺穿表面24的优选形状是一个凸面形状，以与包囊的柔性隔膜17相接合，其大致是平面的。刺穿表面24、24′、24″的曲率可以被表示得更大或更小，而且在刺穿表面24″具有大曲率的情形下，柔性隔膜甚至可以是凹入的(从外部看)，正如由参考标记17′所表示的。当包囊1填充有少量的产品时，其刺穿表面24″具有大曲率的注射头可以很有用，正如填充茶时可以发生此情形。
在包囊被全部填充的情形下，所述刺穿表面还可以具有凹入的形状24″′(从外部看)，而且柔性隔膜17″具有凸出的形状(从外部看)。在此情形下，柔性隔膜17″本身甚至是半刚性的且形状可发生变形，其原因是，假如滞留在包囊内的被压缩的用尽材料的体积大于由包囊的壳体所限定的体积而且隔膜处于“凹入”位置(相对于“凸出”位置对称)，在提取的一个初始阶段它不经受接伸力变形或者根本不显现刚性。

Claims (7)

1.用于制备一液体食品的装置，其特征在于，它包括一包囊托架(4)，所述包囊托架具有一底壁(12)和一中间底壁(6)，所述中间底壁为一过滤壁的形式，所述过滤壁具有多个第一刺穿尖头(9)和多个流出孔(10)，在所述中间底壁(6)与所述底壁(12)之间配设有一下空腔部(7b)，所述底壁包括一由唇部(14)围绕的流出通道(13)，所述唇部相对于所述下空腔部(7b)的最低点(15)向上突出。
2.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述向上突出的唇部(14)具有狭槽或孔形式的开口(16)，从而允许液体在所述最低点流出所述包囊托架。
3.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括一注射头(3)，所述注射头包括一刺穿表面(24)，所述刺穿表面配设有多个第二刺穿尖头(25)，所述刺穿尖头(25)分布在所述刺穿表面上，并且，至少一个供水通道(23)通向所述刺穿表面上，所述第二刺穿尖头具有一锥形的和平滑的形状，而没有尖锐的棱角，所述刺穿尖头具有一小于60°的平均锥角。
4.按照权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述刺穿表面(24)的所述第二刺穿尖头基本为圆锥形，其母线基本为直线。
5.按照权利要求3或4所述的装置，其特征在于，所述供水通道基本通向所述刺穿表面的中心。
6.按照权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，从外部看，所述刺穿表面(24)具有一基本上弯曲和凸出的形状。
7.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述液体食品是一饮料。
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