CN101432007A - 合益素混合物 - Google Patents
合益素混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101432007A CN101432007A CNA2007800157097A CN200780015709A CN101432007A CN 101432007 A CN101432007 A CN 101432007A CN A2007800157097 A CNA2007800157097 A CN A2007800157097A CN 200780015709 A CN200780015709 A CN 200780015709A CN 101432007 A CN101432007 A CN 101432007A
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有益生菌菌株和益生元混合物的制品,所述混合物包含5-70wt%的选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc中的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc中的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc中的至少一种唾液酸化的寡糖。本发明扩展至包含所述制品的食物产品以及制品在预防和治疗感染中的用途。
Description
发明的领域
本发明涉及包含益生菌(probiotic)和益生元(prebiotic)混合物的制品,其特异性的设计为增强益生菌的效率和功效,以及为包含所述制品的食物产品设计。
发明背景
人类的结肠被多种细菌所建群,所述细菌对消化道生理具有正面和负面的双重作用,也具有其它系统性的影响。结肠中所发现的细菌的优势类群包括类菌体、双歧杆菌、真细菌、梭菌和乳杆菌。所存在的细菌响应结肠中的底物有效性、氧化还原电位、pH、O2张力和分布,具有变化的活性。通常,肠内的细菌可分为对宿主潜在发挥危害或有益作用的物种。致病作用(例如,其可能由梭菌或类菌体引起)包括腹泻、感染、肝脏损害、致癌作用和肠腐烂。健康促进作用可以由有害细菌的生长和建群抑制、免疫功能的刺激、增强必需营养成分的消化和吸收以及维生素的合成所引起。具有健康促进作用的细菌物种(例如双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus))在数量和/或活性上的增加是值得期望的。
在不久前,一些细菌菌株已经吸引了大量的注意力,因为发现如果摄入它们,就表现出对人类有价值的性质。特别是,已经发现乳杆菌属(Lactobacilli)和双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria)属的特定菌株能够在肠黏膜上至少暂时的建群,降低病原菌附着到肠上皮上的能力,从而具有免疫调节的效果,并帮助维持健康。此类细菌一般被称为益生菌。
已经开展了广泛的研究来鉴别新的益生菌。例如,EP 0 199 535、EP 0768375、WO 97/00078、EP 0 577 903和WO 00/53200公开了特定的乳杆菌和双歧杆菌菌株,和它们有利的效果。
可以把益生菌定义为活的微生物饲料添加物,其通过改善肠道微生物平衡有利的影响宿主动物。已经证实,乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的一些菌株(例如,类干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)CNCM I-2116、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)ATCC 53103、乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumlactis)长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum)ATCC BAA-999、路氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)ATCC 55730和短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve)M-)具有这些性质。已经在人类食品中常规的添加此类益生乳杆菌和双歧杆菌,例如发酵的乳产品。已知益生菌一般对胃肠道的病原感染(例如由梭菌属(Clostridia)和沙门氏菌属(Salmonella)引起的那些感染)具有预防性和治疗性的效果。在EP 904 784中,建议使用三种不同类型的益生菌的组合来治疗胃肠道疾病。近期,已经提示一些益生菌菌株在预防和治疗上呼吸道感染也是有效的(British MedicalJournal2001,322:1-5)。
特别就婴儿来说,可以认为婴儿的胃肠道直至出生前都是无菌的。在出生的过程中,其遭遇了来自母亲消化道和皮肤的细菌并开始建群。针对婴儿的喂养,消化道小型生物群的组成存在大的差异。母乳喂养的婴儿的粪便菌群包括可观群体的双歧杆菌和一些乳杆菌物种,而配方乳喂养的婴儿具有更复杂的小型生物群,双歧杆菌、类菌体、梭菌和链球菌一般都存在。断乳后,开始建立类似成人模式的消化道小型生物群模式。
对于所有的婴儿均建议使用母乳。但是,在一些情况下,母乳喂养是不充分的,或者出于医学原因是不成功的,或者母亲选择不用母乳喂养。针对这些情况开发了婴儿配方乳(infant formulae)。
建议向婴儿配方乳中添加益生菌,增加肠道建群的发生,并促进“好”细菌(双歧杆菌和乳杆菌)而非有害细菌(病原菌例如梭菌等)的建群。典型的添加最小107cfu/g配方乳,虽然一般更大的量是优选的,例如多达1012cfu/g配方乳。
向食品中添加益生元是促进结肠中有益细菌的数量和/或活性的另一种方法。益生元是不消化的食品成分,其通过选择性的刺激结肠中一种或有限数量的细菌的生长和/或活性来有益的影响宿主,从而增进宿主健康。此类成分是不消化的,因为其在胃或小肠中不能被分解和吸收,从而可以完整的通过并到达结肠,在此处由有益细菌选择性的进行发酵。益生元的实例包括某些寡糖,例如果寡糖(FOS)和半乳寡糖(GOS)。
已知人乳比大多数其它动物乳含有更大量的不能消化的寡糖。事实上,不能消化的寡糖代表了母乳中第三大固体成分(在乳糖和脂类之后),初乳中存在的浓度是12-15g/l,成熟乳汁中以5-8g/l存在。人乳寡糖非常耐受酶水解,表明这些寡糖可以显示出与其热值不直接相关的关键性功能。
由于对人乳的组成已经有更好的了解,已经建议将益生元添加到婴儿配方乳中。多种补充了益生元例如果寡糖和半乳寡糖混合物的婴儿配方乳是可商购的。但是,此类混合物只是粗略的近似人乳中的寡糖混合物。在人乳中已经检测到超过100种不同的寡糖成分,其中一些至今尚未在动物乳例如牛乳中检测到,或仅检测到少量。仅以非常小的量存在于牛乳和初乳中或者完全不存在的人乳寡糖类型的实例是唾液酸化和岩藻糖基化的寡糖。
在持续寻求中建议还已经建议婴儿配方乳既含有益生菌又含有益生元,以产生尽可能的复制人乳的组成和效果的婴儿配方乳。例如在WO
2005/000748中,建议在婴儿配方乳中补充短双歧杆菌菌株、半乳寡糖和果寡糖(菊粉)的混合物。声称被描述为合益素的该混合物,调节婴儿结肠中的双歧杆菌种群,使补充配方乳使用更“婴儿样”的种群,即,更少的链状双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium catenulatum)、假链状双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumpseudocatenulatum)和青春双岐杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)物种,并且更多的婴儿双岐杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantis)、短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve)和长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum)物种。还陈述了混合物可用于预防和治疗免疫病症。
然而,仍然需要包含益生菌和益生元混合物的制品,其特别的为增强益生菌的效率和功效而设计。
发明概述
意料之外地,发现包含5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-90wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及5-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化的寡糖的益生元混合物极有效的增加了与益生元混合物共同施用的益生菌的有益效果和效率,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化的寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
因此,在第一个方面,本发明提供了包含益生菌菌株和益生元混合物的制品,所述益生元混合物包含5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化的寡糖,其中所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
在第二个方面,本发明提供了益生菌菌株和包含5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化寡糖的益生元混合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗胃肠道的致病感染的药物中的用途,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
在第三个方面,本发明提供了益生菌菌株和包含5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化寡糖的益生元混合物在制备用于预防或治疗免疫病症的药物中的用途,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
在第四个方面,本发明提供了益生菌菌株和包含5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化寡糖的益生元混合物在制备用于预防或治疗上呼吸道感染的药物中的用途,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
在第五个方面,本发明提供了在需要其的受试者中预防或治疗胃肠道的致病感染的方法,其包括向受试者施用治疗量的制品,所述制品包含益生菌菌株和含有5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化寡糖的益生元混合物,其中,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
在第六个方面,本发明提供了在需要其的受试者中预防或治疗免疫病症的方法,其包括向受试者施用治疗量的制品,所述制品包含益生菌菌株和含有5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化寡糖的益生元混合物,其中,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
在第七个方面,本发明提供了在需要其的受试者中预防或治疗上呼吸道感染的方法,其包括向受试者施用治疗量的制品,所述制品包含益生菌菌株和含有5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化寡糖的益生元混合物,其中,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
附图的简要说明
附图1显示了与制品的组分单独产生的保护效果相比,本发明的制品针对艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)的毒素A的保护效果;
附图2显示了由附图1中使用的益生菌菌株结合本领域已知的多种不同的益生元所赋予的针对艰难梭菌的毒素A的保护效果;
附图3比较了在管饲人婴儿小型生物群和饲喂本发明的制品的定菌小鼠的小肠内的短双歧杆菌计数,和饲喂了制品的单独组分的小鼠中的短双歧杆菌计数;
附图4比较了在用人婴儿小型生物群管饲和饲喂本发明的制品的定菌小鼠的粪便中的葡萄球菌(Staphylococci)计数,和饲喂了制品的单独组分的小鼠中的葡萄球菌计数;
附图5比较了在用人婴儿小型生物群管饲和饲喂本发明的制品的定菌小鼠的小肠中的产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringen)计数,和饲喂了制品的单独组分的此类小鼠中的产气荚膜梭菌计数;和
附图6比较了在用人婴儿小型生物群管饲和饲喂本发明的制品的无菌小鼠中两周的时期内的定居长双歧杆菌的相对代谢活性,和饲喂了制品的单独组分的此类小鼠中的定居长双歧杆菌的相对代谢活性。
发明的详细说明
在本说明书中,在阅读和理解说明书、实施例和权利要求时必须考虑对下列词语所给出的定义。
“双歧肠内小型生物群(bifidogenic intestinal microbiota)”意指对于婴儿这样的肠内小型生物群,其由双歧杆菌(例如短双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌)占多数,并且排除了可评估群体的物种,例如类菌体、梭菌和链球菌,其通常与母乳饲养的婴儿中发现的相当的。
“婴儿”意指年龄低于12个月的儿童。
“婴儿配方乳”:在生命前四至六个月期间用于婴儿的完全营养的食物,并且作为12个月以上的婴儿的其它食品的补充。
“N-乙酰化寡糖”意指具有N-乙酰残基的寡糖。
NCC表示Nestle Culture Collection
“中性寡糖”意指不带电也没有N-乙酰残基的寡糖;
“益生菌”意指对宿主的健康或康乐具有有益影响的微生物细胞制品或微生物细胞组分(Salminen S,Ouwehand A.Benno Y.等人"Probiotics:how should they be defined"Trend Food Sci.Technol.1999:10107-10)。
“益生元”意指通过选择性的刺激结肠中一种或有限数量的细菌的生长和/或活性来有利的影响宿主,从而增强宿主健康的不可消化的食物成分。。(Gibson和Roberfroid"Dietary Modulation of the Human ColonicMicrobiota:Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics"J.Nutr 125:1401-1412);
“寡糖”意指具有2至20范围(包括端值)的聚合度(DP)但不包括乳糖的糖类;和
“唾液酸化寡糖”意指具有有关联电荷的唾液酸残基的寡糖。
优选的益生元混合物包含10-70wt%的N-乙酰化寡糖,20-80wt%的中性寡糖和10-50wt%的唾液酸化寡糖。更优选的益生元混合物包含15-40wt%的N-乙酰化寡糖,40-60wt%的中性寡糖和15-30wt%的唾液酸化寡糖。特别优选的益生元混合物包含30wt%的N-乙酰化寡糖,50wt%的中性寡糖和20wt%的唾液酸化寡糖。
可选的,混合物可以方便的包含5-20wt%的特定的一种或多种N-乙酰化寡糖,60-95wt%的特定的一种或多种中性寡糖和2-30wt%的特定的一种或多种唾液酸化寡糖。
可以从一种或多种动物乳中制备本发明的益生元混合物。可以从任何哺乳动物中获得乳,特别是从奶牛、山羊、水牛、马、大象、骆驼或绵羊。
可选的可以通过购买和混合单个组分来制备益生元混合物。例如,合成的半乳寡糖,例如商标为和的Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc及其混合物是可商购的。其它寡糖供应商是西格玛-阿尔德里克化学公司德斯科实验室(Dextra Laboratories,Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH)和可瓦哈克公司(Kyowa Hakko Kogyo公司)。可选的,可以使用特定的糖基转移酶例如半乳糖基转移酶来生产中性寡糖。
可以通过氨基葡糖苷酶和/或氨基半乳糖苷酶对N-乙酰基-葡萄糖和/或N-乙酰基半乳糖的作用来制备N-乙酰化寡糖。相同的,N-乙酰基-半乳糖基转移酶和/或N-乙酰基-糖基转移酶也可以用于该目的。还可以通过使用不同的酶(重组的或天然的)的发酵技术和/或微生物发酵来生产N-乙酰化寡糖。在后一种情况下,微生物可以表达它们的天然的酶和底物,或者可以被改造为生产不同的底物和酶。可以使用单个微生物培养物或混合培养物。可以从DP=1起始的任何聚合度(DP)开始,通过接纳体底物开始N-乙酰化寡糖形成。另一个选择是从游离或与寡糖(例如,乳酮糖)结合的己酮糖(例如,果糖)化学转换为N-乙酰己糖胺或含有寡糖的N-乙酰己糖胺,如Wrodnigg,T.M.;Stutz,A.E.(1999)Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.38:827-828中描述的。
可以通过色谱或过滤技术从天然来源例如动物乳中分离唾液酸化的寡糖3’唾液酸-乳糖和6’唾液酸-乳糖。可选的,可以通过使用特定的唾液酸转移酶的生物技术来生产它们,所述生物技术或者是通过基于酶的发酵技术(重组的或天然的酶)或者是通过微生物发酵技术。在后一种情况下,微生物可以表达它们的天然的酶和底物,或者可以被改造为生产不同的底物和酶。可以使用单个微生物培养物或混合培养物。可以从DP=1起始的任何聚合度(DP)开始,通过接纳体底物开始唾液酸寡糖形成。
细菌菌株可以选自满足益生菌定义的任何菌株,并且具有对于本发明制品所待被掺入的产品而言可接受的保存期限。例如,要求婴儿配方乳在高达36个月内维持稳定和有效。当然,本发明的制品不需要被掺入到另一产品如食品中,而可以原样摄入或者混合合适的赋形剂,以粉末、胶囊或压制成片剂的形式摄入。
益生菌菌株优选的是乳杆菌或双歧杆菌。优选地使用只生产L(+)乳酸的菌株。优选的乳杆菌物种的实例是鼠李糖乳杆菌、类干酪乳杆菌和路氏乳杆菌。特别优选的菌株是鼠李糖乳杆菌ATCC 53103、鼠李糖乳杆菌CGMCC1.3724、路氏乳杆菌ATCC 55730和类干酪乳杆菌CNCM I-2116。优选的双歧杆菌物种的实例乳双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌。特别优选的菌株是丹麦的克里斯蒂安汉森(Christian Hansen)公司出售的商标为Bb12的乳双歧杆菌菌株和可从日本的莫里塔乳公司(Morinaga MilkIndustry Co.Ltd.)获得的商标为BB536的长双歧杆菌ATCC BAA-999。
本发明的制品可以提供每克益生元混合物102和1010cfu之间的益生菌。
在本发明的优选的方面,将上述制品掺入到食物产品中。在本发明的上下文中,在本发明的背景中,术语“食物产品”意在涵盖任何可消费的物质。因此,它可以是意在被人消费的产品,特别是婴儿配方乳、生长乳(growing up milk)等。但是,制品的消费不限于婴儿和二通。特别的,本发明的制品可以掺入到脱水奶粉或谷类混合物中。
如果将本发明的制品掺入到婴儿配方乳或其它基于乳的营养组合物中,可以以本领域已知的任何合适的方法制备组合物。例如,可以通过将蛋白质源、除乳糖以外的任何糖类和脂肪源以合适的比例混合在一起来制备婴儿配方乳。如果需要可以添加乳化剂。此时可加入维生素和矿物质,但通常随后再加入以避免热降解。任何亲脂性维生素、乳化剂等都可以在混合之前溶解于脂肪源中。水,优选的已经过反渗透的水,可随后混合进去以形成液体混合物。
然后,可以对液体混合物加热处理以减少细菌负载量(load)。例如,可以快速加热液体混合物到约80℃至约110℃范围的温度约5秒钟至约5分钟。这可以通过注蒸汽或通过热交换器例如板式热交换器来完成。
然后,将液体混合物冷却至约60℃至约85℃,例如通过瞬时冷却。然后将液体混合物搅匀,例如以两个阶段进行,在第一阶段中在大约7Mpa至大约40Mpa下,第二阶段中在大约2Mpa至大约14Mpa下。然后进一步冷却搅匀的混合物,以添加任何热敏感成分例如维生素和矿物质。此时方便的对搅匀的混合物的pH和固体含量进行标准化。
将搅匀的混合物转移至合适的干燥设备中,例如喷雾干燥器或冷冻干燥器,将其转变为粉末。该粉末应该具有以重量计少于约5%的含湿量。
可以预先制备本发明的制品并通过干燥混合将其直接添加到营养组合物中。但是,优选的,可以将制品的单个组分分别添加到营养组合物中,在这种情况下,益生元混合物优选的在干燥前被直接添加在液相中,而益生菌菌株优选的通过干燥混合被添加到干燥的组合物中。
可以根据本领域已知的任何合适的方法培养所选择的益生菌菌株,并通过例如冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥制备用于添加到婴儿配方乳中。可选的,可以从专门供应商例如克里斯蒂安汉森公司(Christian Hansen)和莫里塔公司(Morinaga)购买以合适形式制备好的细菌菌株,用于添加到食物产品如婴儿配方乳中。
如果益生元混合物是从动物乳中制备的,例如如下所述,并且用于添加到婴儿配方乳中,则可以在不首先去除所有乳糖的条件下适宜的添加所述混合物。由于婴儿配方乳含有的碳水化合物成分通常全部或部分的由乳糖构成,对本领域技术人员而言显而易见地,考虑到与益生元混合物一起添加的额外的糖类,需要调整婴儿配方乳中的糖类的量。幼儿或婴儿食物产品或配方乳中的本发明制品的终浓度以干物质的重量计优选的在0.3-6.0%,优选的在0.75-4.0%。这对应于每升复水配方乳0.2至8克的浓度,优选的1至5g/l。但是,这些量不应视为限制性的,并且应该根据目标人群进行调整,例如,基于幼儿或婴儿的体重和年龄或健康进行调整。优选的,每次喂养时给幼儿喂养含有本发明的寡糖混合物的配方乳或食物。
除了本发明的制品外,食物产品例如婴儿配方乳可以包含一种或多种其它寡糖,所述寡糖各自添加至寡糖含量为复水配方乳或液体配方乳的10g/l。
尽管补充特别针对婴儿或幼儿营养的食物产品是优选的,但补充非特别针对的或针对成人群体的产品也可以是有益的。例如,可以将本发明的寡糖混合物整合到健康护理营养品和老年人营养品中。此类食物产品可包括基于乳饮料的混合物、酸奶、基于乳的发酵产品和冰激凌,以及基于谷类的产品等。
令人惊讶的,发现本发明的制品中的益生元混合物协同的增强了益生菌的抗病原和免疫调节性质,从而产生治疗效果,其显著的优于例如相同益生菌与单个益生元的混合物。因此,本发明的制品和含有它们的食物产品适合预防和治疗由病原体(特别是细菌病原体)引起的胃肠道感染,以及上呼吸道感染如中耳炎。因此,含有根据本发明的制品的食物产品特别适合脆弱的群体,例如幼儿和老年人。
此外,本发明的制品适合提高免疫防御,例如通过增强对疫苗的反应和降低感染的持续时间和严重程度,以及预防和治疗与婴儿和幼儿的免疫系统功能障碍相关的病症,例如食物超敏反应、湿疹、变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎和其他特应性疾病。
本发明的制品的另一个优势是它们通过增加主导该婴儿肠内小型生物群的双歧杆菌物种的相对代谢活性,而促进婴儿中的双歧肠内小型生物群的建立。
本发明将通过参考下列实施例进行示例。
实施例1
将200,000升乳清超滤渗透物预浓缩至22%(w/w)总固体(TS),在大约75℃巴氏消毒大约30秒,然后在60℃蒸发浓缩达到59%(w/w)的TS。在结晶器中以每小时2℃的速度将液体冷却24小时至结晶出乳糖。洗涤结晶的乳糖,然后通过绞拧机(wringer)将其除去。将剩余的液体通过倾析器进行澄清。将从澄清器(clarifier)获得的17.7%TS的77000升通过60℃蒸发再浓缩到55%(w/w)的TS,并将其在与前面相同的条件下进行第二次乳糖结晶步骤。将因此获得的29000升20.5%TS的液体通过电渗析和离子交换的组合以本身已知的方法进行脱矿质,获得28500升的90%脱矿质的17.3%TS的液体。该液体含有每升大约1.5克的下述的混合物:约30wt%的GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,50wt%的Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc以及20wt%的NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc,根据起初原料,所述液体可以直接添加到食物产品例如婴儿配方乳中,或者可以以本领域技术人员本身已知的方法进一步浓缩。
例如,可以将液体中残留的乳糖水解为葡萄糖和半乳糖,这些单糖可以通过纳米过滤去除或者如果需要的话,例如可以通过β-半乳糖苷酶的作用将半乳糖至少部分地聚合以产生半乳寡糖,所述产生的半乳寡糖也将被纳米过滤膜保留。
实施例2
50%TS的根据实施例1生产的100kg的益生元混合物在标准罐中加热到60℃,调节pH为6至6.5。每克TS添加4.5mg的乳糖酶F(阿玛诺公司(Amano),日本),并将混合物在60℃维持3小时。然后,通过直接蒸气注入将温度升高至110℃11秒,使酶失活。获得的液体每升含有约100克的下述混合物:约10wt%GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,87wt%的Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,以及3wt%的NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。可以将它直接添加到食物产品例如婴儿配方乳中,或者可以如上述进一步浓缩。
实施例3
含有根据本发明的制品的婴儿配方乳组合物的实例显示如下:
实施例4
实施体外实验来比较使用两种不同益生菌菌株的根据本发明的制品在预防致病感染的功效与相同益生菌和其它益生元的混合物在预防致病感染的功效。选择艰难梭菌毒素A作为病原细菌的代表性毒素。
与(i)单独的益生菌,(ii)单独的益生元,或(iii)益生菌和益生元的组合一起,孵育生长在transwell板上的单层肠上皮T84细胞。在37℃、5%CO2预孵育2小时后,用100ng/ml浓度的艰难梭菌的毒素A攻击T84细胞。在高达24小时内,定间隔监控跨上皮电阻(TER),其作为衡量防护毒素A作用的标志。计算标准化的防护分数。
益生菌菌株是类干酪乳杆菌(CNCM I-2116)和鼠李糖乳杆菌(ATCC53103)。两种菌株使用的终浓度都是108cfu/l。
使用的益生元是1g/l的本文中描述的益生元混合物;果寡糖(RaftiloseP95,比利时奥拉夫提公司(Orafti,Belgium));半乳寡糖(Vivinal GOS,DOMO,荷兰)以及10g/l的唾液酸乳糖(共和发酵工业株式会社(KyowaHakko Kogyo),日本)。
附图1和2中显示了结果。附图1比较了自单独的益生菌、单独的益生元混合物和两种益生菌菌株的本发明的制品获得的结果。附图2比较了用附图1中使用的相同的益生元菌株与20g/l的果寡糖;20g/l的半乳寡糖和10g/l的唾液酸乳糖所获得的结果。20g/l的乳糖(西格玛公司(Sigma))作为对照。
从附图1中可见,与单个组分(即,益生元混合物和益生菌菌株)单独提供的作用相比,本发明的制品具有显著的抗艰难梭菌毒素A的协同作用。从附图2中可见,当测试相同的益生菌菌株与果寡糖、半乳寡糖或唾液酸乳糖分别组合时,没有获得可比较的作用。可以看到,使用鼠李糖乳杆菌与唾液酸乳糖组合可以获得中等程度的保护,但仅在10g/l时而非1g/l(如本发明制品中)时。
实施例5
实施体内实验,在人类婴儿小型生物群的定菌动物模型中,比较补充单独的益生元混合物、单独的益生菌乳双歧杆菌和根据本发明的制品对肠内小型生物群的影响。
向无菌小鼠管饲人婴儿小型生物群的模型,并允许小型生物群自身建立两周。然后将小鼠分为4组:第一组在它们食物中接受3%(重量)的单独的益生元混合物,第二组在它们的饮用水中接受乳双歧杆菌CNCMI-3446(NCC2818),第三组同时接受补充益生元的食物和补充益生菌的水,第四组是对照组。在研究过程中(两周),监控粪便小型生物群,在研究期末,处死动物并研究小肠小型生物群。
附图3、4和5显示了结果。从这些结果中可见,与根据本发明制品的单个组分相比,所述根据本发明的制品协同促进了双歧肠内小型生物群,这由小肠中的短双歧杆菌的计数(图3)和粪便中减少的葡萄球菌和产气荚膜梭菌计数(图4和图5)所证明。
实施例6
实施体内实验,比较补充单独的益生元混合物、单独的益生菌鼠李糖乳杆菌和根据本发明的制品,对在无菌小鼠的胃肠道中长双歧杆菌的建立和代谢活性的影响。
用人婴儿小型生物群的模型管饲无菌小鼠,并通过平板计数和评估表明代谢活性的16S rRNA水平,来监控随时间的小型生物群的建立。通过聚合酶链式反应扩增16S rRNA,在变性梯度凝胶上分离产物,并且相对于作用为内参的大肠杆菌(E.coli)的恒定16S rRNA水平定量。比较下列处理:对照膳食和对照饮用物(水);补充3%益生元混合物的对照膳食和水;对照膳食和含有鼠李糖乳杆菌CGMCC 1.3724(NCC 4007)的饮用水;补充3%益生元混合物的对照膳食和含有鼠李糖乳杆菌CGMCC 1.3724的饮用水。
附图6中显示了结果。在无菌小鼠中建立人婴儿小型生物群的过程中,根据本发明的制品协同的增强了定居长双歧杆菌的一般代谢活性。在对照组和接受单独的益生菌和单独的益生元混合物的组中,人婴儿小型生物群定居长双歧杆菌计数在14天后位于相似的水平,然而,在给予根据本发明的制品的组中,相对代谢活性被协同的和显著的增加(附图6D与6A、B、C相比较)。
Claims (19)
1.含有益生菌菌株和益生元混合物的制品,所述混合物包含5-70wt%的至少一种N-乙酰化寡糖,20-95wt%的至少一种中性寡糖,以及2-50wt%的至少一种唾液酸化的寡糖,所述N-乙酰化寡糖选自GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述中性寡糖选自Galβ1,6Gal、Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc,所述唾液酸化的寡糖选自NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。
2.权利要求1所述的制品,其中益生元混合物包含15-40wt%的N-乙酰化寡糖,40-60wt%的中性寡糖,以及15-30wt%的唾液酸化的寡糖。
3.权利要求1或2所述的制品,其中寡糖混合物包含30wt%的N-乙酰化寡糖,50wt%的中性寡糖,以及20wt%的唾液酸化的寡糖。
4.权利要求1所述的制品,其中寡糖混合物包含5-20wt%的N-乙酰化寡糖,60-95wt%的中性寡糖,以及2-30wt%的唾液酸化的寡糖。
5.上述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中益生菌菌株是乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)菌株。
6.权利要求6所述的制品,其中乳杆菌属菌株是鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、类干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)或路氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)。
7.权利要求6所述的制品,其中乳杆菌属菌株是鼠李糖乳杆菌CGMCC 1.3724。
8.权利要求6所述的制品,其中乳杆菌属菌株是类干酪乳杆菌CNCMI-2116。
9.权利要求1-4的任一项所述的制品,其中益生菌菌株是双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)菌株。
10.权利要求9所述的制品,其中双歧杆菌属菌株是乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium lactis)、长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum)或短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve)。
11.权利要求9或10所述的制品,其中双歧杆菌属菌株是长双歧杆菌ATCC BAA-999。
12.包含任一项上述权利要求所述的制品的食物产品。
13.权利要求12所述的食物产品,其是婴儿配方乳。
14.权利要求12或13所述的食物产品,其包含基于干物质的0.3-4%(重量)的权利要求1至11中任一项所述的制品。
15.根据权利要求1-11的任一项的制品在制备预防或治疗胃肠道致病感染的治疗性营养组合物或药物中的用途。
16.权利要求15的用途,其中感染是由病原菌导致的。
17.根据权利要求1-11的任一项的制品在制备预防或治疗免疫病症的治疗性营养组合物或药物中的用途。
18.根据权利要求1-11的任一项的制品在制备预防或治疗上呼吸道感染的治疗性营养组合物或药物中的用途。
19.根据权利要求1-11的任一项的制品在制备用于建立双歧肠内小型生物群和/或增加此类双歧肠内小型生物群的代谢活性的治疗性营养组合物或药物中的用途。
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RU2448720C2 (ru) | 2012-04-27 |
US10092606B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
EP1993576B1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
AU2007222598A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
US9005682B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
WO2007101675A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
US20090041736A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
EP1993576A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
US20150174179A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
PL1993576T3 (pl) | 2016-04-29 |
BRPI0708689A2 (pt) | 2011-06-07 |
AU2007222598B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
MY149913A (en) | 2013-10-31 |
MX2008011450A (es) | 2008-09-24 |
CA2644968A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
ES2553636T3 (es) | 2015-12-10 |
RU2008139598A (ru) | 2010-04-20 |
PT1993576E (pt) | 2016-01-25 |
ZA200808503B (en) | 2009-12-30 |
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