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CN101374622A - 用于伞齿轮软加工的通用机器及其方法 - Google Patents

用于伞齿轮软加工的通用机器及其方法 Download PDF

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CN101374622A
CN101374622A CN200580051694.0A CN200580051694A CN101374622A CN 101374622 A CN101374622 A CN 101374622A CN 200580051694 A CN200580051694 A CN 200580051694A CN 101374622 A CN101374622 A CN 101374622A
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lathe
processing
tool magazine
cutter
workpiece
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CN101374622B (zh
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K·奥戴克
R·基尔施
E·哈肯伯格
H·拉姆斯富斯
T·克尼格
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Klingelnberg GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/12—Milling tools
    • B23F21/16—Hobs
    • B23F21/163—Hobs with inserted cutting elements
    • B23F21/166—Hobs with inserted cutting elements in exchangeable arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/16—Turret lathes for turning individually-chucked workpieces
    • B23B3/161—Turret lathes for turning individually-chucked workpieces lathe with one toolslide carrying one turret head
    • B23B3/162—Arrangements for performing other machining operations, e.g. milling, drilling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/22—Turning-machines or devices with rotary tool heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/12—Milling tools
    • B23F21/22—Face-mills for longitudinally-curved gear teeth
    • B23F21/223—Face-mills for longitudinally-curved gear teeth with inserted cutting elements
    • B23F21/226—Face-mills for longitudinally-curved gear teeth with inserted cutting elements in exchangeable arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/20—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling
    • B23F5/205—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling with plural tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/08—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob
    • B23F9/10—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob with a face-mill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/021—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/021—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
    • B23Q39/022—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with same working direction of toolheads on same workholder
    • B23Q39/024—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with same working direction of toolheads on same workholder consecutive working of toolheads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/5114—Lathe and tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/5152—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling with turret mechanism
    • Y10T29/5153—Multiple turret
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T29/5176—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling including machining means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T409/104134—Adapted to cut bevel gear
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T409/108268—Radially faced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T409/108745—Cutting action along work axis
    • Y10T409/108904—Cutting action intersecting work axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造伞齿轮的装置。所述装置包括车床(22)，其具有工作轴(22.1)及与该工作轴(22.1)的旋转轴线(B1)同轴设置的用于同轴地夹紧工件坯(K1)的尾座(23)。设置有多功能刀座(24)，其可相对于夹持在该车床(22)中的该工件坯(K1)作移动，并且包括安装成绕基本平行于该工作轴的旋转轴线(B1)延伸的轴线(B2)旋转的刀库(25)，且该刀库(25)配置为用于固定至少一刀具。设置有具有铣刀头(27)的刀架(26)，该刀架(26)可相对于夹持在该车床(22)中的该工件坯(K1)作移动，并且该铣刀头(27)安装成绕铣刀头轴线(B3)旋转。设置有控制器，该控制器用于控制不同的移动步骤以首先利用固定至该刀库(25)的刀具对该工件坯(K1)进行车削加工，然后利用该铣刀头(27)进行轮齿加工。

Description

用于伞齿轮软加工的通用机器及其方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于伞齿轮软加工的装置，尤其涉及一种设计用于干式加工的装置。本发明亦涉及相应的方法。
背景技术
可使用多种机器来制造伞齿轮及类似的齿轮。一直以来希望使该制造为自动化。一种稍具进展的解决方案是一种加工中心，其设计成在同一个机器上执行多个制造步骤。这些机器不仅很复杂且昂贵，而且在预备设置(设置时间)中需要大量的工作。另一方面，这些以高灵活性为目的而开发的机器特别适用于单件生产或较小的规模。
第EPO 832 716 B1号欧洲专利披露并描述了一种小型机器，其设计为不必将工件重新夹入卡盘或者传送而对该工件进行车削及滚齿。换言之，该工件在夹入卡盘之后处在主轴上，并且使用不同的刀具在此处进行加工。有一个缺点是由于不同元件的结构不同，因为在干式加工中热屑的去除是密切相关的，其并未设计成可执行干式加工。此外，由于该刀具的两个拖板是横向布置，相对于工件的移动自由度受到限制。所披露的机床并不适用于加工伞齿轮等，而是设计为加工圆柱齿轮。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于简化伞齿轮的制造。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种较经济的相应装置。
通过权利要求1的特征及权利要求9的特征达成本发明的目的。在从属权利要求中给出了更佳的实施方式。
根据本发明的该装置相对较廉价，因此可在采用复杂且昂贵的机床并不经济的场合中使用。该根据本发明的方法特别设计为硬化处理之前的齿腹加工，即，软状态中。必须选择相应的刀具。
附图说明
以下将结合附图对本发明的实施例作更详细的描述，其中：
图1为示出伞齿轮制造过程中各种加工步骤的示意图；
图2为根据本发明的伞齿轮软加工中使用的第一装置的示意图；
图3为根据本发明的伞齿轮软加工中使用的第二装置的示意图；
具体实施方式
在相关的出版物以及专利中所使用的术语中，与本说明有关的术语也将被使用。应注意这些术语的使用将仅是为了更好的理解。权利要求的创造性理念以及保护范围不应当受到以任何方式对这些具体选择的术语进行阐释的限制。本发明可以方便地转用到其它专用系统以及/或者专用领域。这些术语在其它专用领域有相似的运用。
根据本发明，涉及伞齿轮的加工。根据定义，这一术语亦应包括冕形齿轮(crown wheel)及小伞齿轮(bevel pinion)。其亦包括无轴向偏移的伞齿轮以及具有轴向偏移的伞齿轮，即所谓的准双曲面伞齿轮(hypoid bevel gear)。
图1示出了示例性的处理程序10。在所显示的范围，使用本发明较为有利。如前所述，其涉及用于加工伞齿轮的实施例。本实施例中，在工件坯上(框101)执行下述软加工步骤。例如通过钻削(框102)而形成(中心)孔。然后通过利用车刀进行车削(框103)而加工该工件坯。在本文中，这些步骤是指执行制造或者预加工。在执行制造的范围之内，亦可执行其他步骤或替代步骤。该工件是指制造结束时的齿轮坯。
此后进行所谓的齿轮齿成型。根据本发明，最好使用(干式)伞齿轮铣齿(框104)以在该齿轮坯上产生齿。在此之后执行可选步骤将毛刺去除。根据本发明，步骤102、103及104或者步骤102至105在根据本发明的装置20上执行。
一般地，之后再进行用以硬化该齿轮坯的热处理(框106)以及再进行后处理或精加工(框107)。从而完成该伞齿轮。
下文将参考对该方法的单个步骤的更详细的描述以及通过实施例来描述本发明的其他细节。
该根据本发明的对伞齿轮进行软加工的方法包括下列步骤。所使用的为图2中的标号。将工件坯K1夹持在车床22的第一工作轴22.1上，车床22为本发明装置20的一部分。使用一或多个刀具25.1、25.2、25.3对工件坯K1进行第一软加工。将一或多个刀具25.1、25.2、25.3夹持在装置20的第一多功能刀座25上。该第一软加工可涉及到下列加工步骤中的一或多个：钻削、车削、铣削。该第一软加工的目的在于从工件坯K1制成齿轮坯。
然后在相同的装置20上执行该齿轮成型。其步骤如下。利用夹在刀架26上的铣刀头27对该齿轮坯进行第二软加工。该第二软加工的目的在于在该齿轮坯上产生齿轮。该第二软加工最好包括利用铣刀头27对该齿轮坯的(干式)伞齿轮铣削。
为了以上述方式执行所述的步骤，多功能刀座25位于刀库24上，并且铣刀头27位于刀架26上与车床22的主轴线B1水平的平面上。刀库24最好位于轴线B1的一侧，而刀架26位于轴线B1边的另一侧。
最好以干方式来执行所有的加工步骤。然而，在这种情况下，必须对装置20进行相应的配置及排列，特别是为了能够去除热屑。
图2示出了本发明的装置20。装置20特别设计为用于伞齿轮的软加工且包括CNC控制的车床22，该车床具有用于容置工件坯K1的工作轴22.1。装置20包括具有不同刀具25.1至25.3的刀库24以及用于容置在该齿轮坯上形成轮齿的齿轮成形工具(例如铣刀头27)的刀架26。亦设置有尾架23。
根据本发明，装置20涉及一种以车床为基础的水平操作的加工台，其中带有铣刀头27的刀架26在轮齿形成过程中设置在装有齿轮坯的工作轴22.1的一侧。(亦可以类似的总体布置来提供垂直的配置。)
根据本发明，车床22与刀架26形成功能单元，其中对工件坯K1进行第一软加工，以使其在该第一软加工之后作为齿轮坯来通过铣刀头27对其进行齿轮成形。装置20具有CNC控制器28，图2中示出了该控制器。CNC控制器28通过控制至少与图2中以箭头34.1表示的、系统的下列部件22、24、25、26相连接。亦可通过总线或者线缆联接来实现连接。亦可通过如无线连接的其他接口将CNC控制器28与单个系统部件22、24、25、26连接。
以下将详述图2所示装置20的其他细节。车床22具有主转轴线B1。工作轴22绕所述轴线B1旋转，如双箭头29.1所示。此外，尾架23与工作轴22.1同轴地位于滑座23.1上，并且其可以沿主轴线B1的纵向方向移动，如箭头x1所示。此外，刀库24具有旋转轴线B2。刀座25可绕所述轴线B2旋转，如双箭头29.2所示。本实施例中，刀库24位于滑座24.1、24.2上，并且由此可与刀具25.1、25.2、25.3一起沿轴线x2、y2移动。
铣刀头27可绕轴线B3旋转，如双箭头29.3所示。此外，刀架26在滑座26.1、26.2上，并且可以不同的方向移动，如箭头x3、y3所示。
本实施例中，工作轴22.1与工件坯K1及/或齿轮坯不能以平移的方式移动。由于刀库24或刀架26是平行于轴线x1移动，从而可使刀具25.1、25.2、25.3及铣刀头27进给，所以不必强制使上述部件平行于轴线x1移动。由于刀库24和刀架26可以沿y方向y2、y3移动，所以也不必强制使车床22在垂直于轴线x1的投影平面内移动。为了获得进一步的自由度，还可以将工作轴22.1设置在滑座上。
不同的轴系指数控轴。因此，可通过CNC控制器28对单个的移动进行数控。较佳地，控制器28设置为可对所有轴进行数控。重要的是，运动序列中的每一个以协同的方式进行。通过CNC控制器28来执行所述协同。
由此，因为单个加工台24、26是水平放置的，本发明的装置20与现有的方式相比，其有特别之处且较突出。此外，不同数控轴的位置是以能在最大可能范围内移动来用于加工该工件/坯的方式进行选择。以下文所述的单根轴的布置为尤佳。
刀库24：轴线x2与轴线x1平行地延伸，由于会发生平行于y2方向的相对移动，这两根轴之间存在相互之间的偏移。这样，例如可使用钻头25.3在工件坯K1中加工出一个中心孔。刀库24与滑座24.1、24.2位于工作轴22.1的旁边，并且由于可以进行平行于x2及/或y2的相对位移，因此可以改变互相之间的相对距离。较佳地，两根轴x1、x2在深度(垂直于投影平面)上互相之间亦可具有偏移。为了达成该目的，滑座24.1、24.2可平行于可选轴线z2移动。
带有铣刀头27的刀架26：轴线3最好平行于轴线x1延伸。亦将刀架26和滑座26.1、26.2放置为与工作轴22.1水平，并且由于可进行平行于轴线x3、y3的相对位移，因此可以改变互相之间的相对距离。两轴线x1、x3互相之间最好能(在投影平面内)横向偏移。为了达成该目的，滑架26.1可平行于轴y3移动。较佳地，两轴线x1、x3在深度(垂直于投影平面)上互相之间亦可具有偏移。为了达成该目的，滑座26.1、26.2可平行于可选轴z3移动。
亦可以将带有铣刀头27的刀架26与另一种坐标系相关，并且不同地设置该坐标系的轴线。这样，为了协调不同坐标系之间的移动序列，CNC控制器28需要考虑进行坐标转换。
在轮齿形成过程中，可设置一个在两轴线B1与B3之间变化的角度W，如图2所示，图2中该角为约40°。最好能在W1至W2的范围内调整角度。W一般不设置为固定值，而是在铣削过程发生变化。
根据本发明的一个实施例，用于容置工件坯K1的工作轴22.1包括为了能将工件坯/齿轮坯夹持的夹持或夹紧装置。尤以将该夹持或夹紧装置设计成用于自动安装的实施例为佳。
装置20的刀库24最好配有可容纳若干刀具的刀塔25.2。这样一种实施例特别有利，即放在多功能刀具头25或者刀塔25.2中的刀具中的至少一个可被单独驱动。刀塔25.2本身可绕轴线B4旋转，如双箭头25.4所示。
刀库24可用于车削、刻槽、钻孔等。
本实施例中，多功能刀座25具有多个刀座。本实施例中示出刀具25.1至25.3这三个刀具。最好这样放置多功能刀座25，即这些刀架中的至少一个设置为主轴头从而能单独地驱动各个刀具。刀具25.3可为绕其纵轴旋转的钻子或钻头。刀具25.1及25.2可为固定地夹持在多功能刀座25的刀座中的刀塔、车刀或去毛刺刀头。
可根据参数对装置20进行变化或者调整。
以这样一种装置20为尤佳，即装置20包括CNC控制器28，所述控制器28设计为可使车床22、刀库24及刀座25可作为一个功能单元与刀架26一起操作。其优点是仅有一个CNC控制器，其位于车削机床21中或者设计为与机床21一起工作，由此使得能够以更具成本效益的方式来实现装置20。主要是无需使用独立的CNC控制器28来以铣刀头27对伞齿轮进行铣削而节省了成本。此外，这些轴的联动不太复杂并且装置20的单个移动序列的协调更简单。
图3示出了再一实施例。本实施例基于上述的本发明的原理。方便起见，图3中使用相同的附图标识。
图3示出了装置30，其中多功能刀座34亦用作用于铣刀头27的刀架36。滑座24.2可绕垂直轴线B5旋转，如双箭头29.3所示。由此铣刀头27可旋转至位置27’，如图3所示。然后，铣刀头27上的切条刀可执行该齿轮坯K1的铣削。该铣削过程中，铣刀头27绕其轴线B3旋转，该齿轮坯绕轴线B2旋转。例如在铣削之前进行的车削加工中，可使用其他刀具25.1或25.3中的一个。通过CNC控制器38执行控制，因刀座34中的轴线布置以及铣刀头27的集成稍有不同，所述控制器的设置不同于图2中的控制器28。
尤以这样一种实施例为佳，即，其中的刀架26、36或46配置为用于伞齿轮的干式铣削或利用最少量润滑剂(MQL)的铣削。
取决于该刀具的硬度，用由高强度钢、硬质金属、陶瓷或合金陶瓷(金属与陶瓷的组合)与各自合适的硬固体分涂料制得的刀具可用于根据本发明的通过伞齿轮铣削的轮齿加工。
本发明的一个优点是无需再次用卡盘卡夹工件而将该坯料加工成伞齿轮成品。由此，本发明涉及一种实际上非常紧凑的生产线，其通过特殊的方法可在最小的可能空间内以及以可承受的价格实现。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于制造伞齿轮的装置，包括：
车床(22)，其具有工作轴(22.1)及与该工作轴(22.1)的旋转轴线(B1)同轴设置的用于同轴地夹紧工件坯(K1)的尾座(23)；
多功能刀座(24)，其可相对于夹持在该车床(22)中的该工件坯(K1)作移动，并且包括安装成绕基本平行于该工作轴的旋转轴线(B1)延伸的轴线(B2)旋转的刀库(25)，且该刀库(25)配置为用于固定至少一刀具；
具有铣刀头(27)的刀架(26)，该刀架(26)可相对于夹持在该车床(22)中的该工件坯(K1)作移动，并且该铣刀头(27)安装成绕铣刀头轴线(B3)旋转；
控制器，较佳为CNC控制器，该控制器用于控制不同的移动步骤以首先利用固定至该刀库(25)的刀具对该工件坯(K1)进行车削加工，然后利用该铣刀头(27)进行轮齿加工。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置(20)，其特征在于，该车床(22)为水平工作的车床。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置(20)，其特征在于，该加工头(27)可相对于该工件坯(K1)作横向进给。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置(20)，其特征在于，该可转动刀库(25)包括驱动器以通过使该刀库(25)绕其轴线(B2)旋转并平移而使各个刀具(25.1、25.2、25.3)进给。
5.如权利要求1、2或3所述的装置(20)，其特征在于，该装置由该控制器(28)以这样一种方式控制，即，首先对该工件坯(K1)进行软加工，然后利用该加工头(26)对该工件坯(K1)进行轮齿成形，该轮齿成形最好不使用冷却剂或润滑剂。
6.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的装置(20)，其特征在于，该可转动刀库(25)以刀塔(25.2)的形式布置。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装置(20)，其特征在于，该可转动刀库(25)包括至少一个由独立驱动器驱动的刀具(25.3)。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装置(20)，其特征在于，该装置涉及用于加工伞齿轮的机床，并且该加工头(27)配有一组刀具。
9.一种伞齿轮软加工的方法，包括下列步骤：
(a)将工件坯(K1)夹持在车床(22)的第一工件轴(22.1)上，该车床(22)包括用于同轴地夹持该工件坯(K1)的尾座(23)，该尾座与该工件轴(22.1)的旋转轴线(B1)同轴地设置；
(b)利用固定至该刀库(25)的刀具进行车削加工，该车床(22)包括可相对于夹持在该车床(22)中的该工件坯(K1)作移动的多功能刀座(24)，并且包括绕基本平行于该第一工件轴的旋转轴线(B1)延伸的轴线(B2)旋转的刀库(25)，且该刀库(25)配置为用于固定该刀具；
(c)利用加工头(27)执行轮齿成形，为此该车床(22)包括用于
(d)加工头(27)的刀架(26)，且该刀架(26)可相对于夹持在该车床(22)中的该工件坯(K1)作移动，且该加工头(27)可绕加工头轴线(B3)可旋转地固定。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，使用控制器，较佳为CNC控制器，来控制该车床(22)的不同移动序列，从而首先利用固定至该刀库(25)的刀具对该工件坯(K1)进行车削加工，然后利用该铣刀头(27)进行轮齿成形加工。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，该加工头(27)可相对于该工件坯(K1)作横向进给。
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CN102821911A (zh) * 2010-02-08 2012-12-12 诺瓦传输股份公司 用于综合加工过程的模块化多功能机床
CN102821911B (zh) * 2010-02-08 2016-02-10 诺瓦传输股份公司 用于综合加工过程的模块化多功能机床
CN104023910A (zh) * 2012-02-24 2014-09-03 爱信艾达株式会社 旋转加工机
CN107662027A (zh) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-06 中国计量大学 自适应去毛刺机装置
CN108177133A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-19 重庆精高金属结构制造有限公司 一种电控金属加工固定装置
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CN113275887A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-08-20 泉州巨力重型工程机械有限公司 一种挖掘机齿轮自动化生产设备

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US8707528B2 (en) 2014-04-29
EP1910003A1 (de) 2008-04-16
JP2009502521A (ja) 2009-01-29
DE502005008569D1 (de) 2009-12-31
WO2007012351A1 (de) 2007-02-01
EP1910003B1 (de) 2009-11-18
US20080213055A1 (en) 2008-09-04
ATE448901T1 (de) 2009-12-15
CA2616628C (en) 2014-01-14

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