CN101124425B - 连接器、柔性连接器组件以及组装柔性连接器组件的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种可旋转且可枢轴转动的连接器(10)，其具有凹形端(14)，凸形端(12)，将凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部(16)，以及外保持件。例如，外保持件如接头(30)，其可限制凹形端外部的扩张。外保持件也可采取保持器或类似结构的形式，以便将接头保持成围绕连接器凹形端的外部。另外，连接器可以是中空的，从而在其中限定连续的通道。另外，多个连接器可以互连起来，以形成臂。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2003年10月14日提交的题目为″可旋转且可枢轴转动的连接器″的美国临时专利申请No.60/511253，以及于2004年10月13日提交的代理人档案号为No.33612/US/1、快递标签号为No.EV423773168US的美国非临时专利申请的权益，这两件申请通过引用而完整地结合于本文中。本申请还涉及1999年2月2日授权的题目为″柔性的淋浴喷头臂组件″的美国专利No.5865378，其通过引用而完整地结合于本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及可旋转的连接结构，更具体地涉及可旋转且可枢轴转动的连接器，其具有可允许流体、固体和气体沿着它连通的内通道以及阻止相邻连接器分离的外接头。
背景技术
许多球窝式连接器目前正在使用。通常，许多这类连接器受到同一问题的困扰，即：在足够力的作用下，第一连接器的球会脱离相邻连接器的承窝。在结构上，承窝外端可压紧在表面(例如第一连接器的外承窝壁)上。当枢轴转动力施加在互连的连接器上时，承窝外端和所压紧的表面可用作支点，以便使互连的球从承窝中脱离或″脱出″。
已经采取了若干方法来改正这一问题。一种方法公开于Lockwood的美国专利No.6042155和5449206中。Lockwood的专利中所公开的Lockwood发明的两个互连球窝式连接器1如图1的剖视图所示。然而，这些连接器1在结构上是比较复杂的，要求内环形环 体2突出而进入到穿过连接器1中间所形成的通道3中。这种复杂性不仅增加了制造成本，而且内环形环体2会对穿过通道3的物品(例如软管或管)的直径有所限制，或者可将这类物品保持在环形环体3和连接器1的内壁4之间。
多个球窝式连接器可连接起来，以形成单条柔性臂。臂中的单个连接器可彼此相对地旋转、枢轴转动、弯曲和扭转，并且该臂可弯曲成各种形状和位置。因此，可以比较理想地将相邻的连接器以一定的方式配合起来，以允许臂保持在弯曲位置中。这种保持固定不动并支撑载荷(无需使用工具、外支撑件、锁定装置等等)的能力可适用于许多应用中。
对于由聚合树脂制成的许多球窝式连接器而言，柔性臂在处于弯曲或挠曲位置时保持互连载荷的能力取决于相邻连接器之间的摩擦配合。随着时间的推移，连接器会变松，在相邻连接器之间形成的摩擦会消失。这又会导致臂在应力的作用下出现非所需的弯曲，而这样的应力是所述臂以前能够承受的。这种弯曲一般是由于称为″蠕变″的现象造成的。当活动件受到恒定的或间断性的载荷时，就会在该载荷的作用下逐渐地松弛并变松，从而出现了蠕变。
随着时间的推移，蠕变可导致互连的球窝式连接器发生变形。承窝会变形而呈椭圆形形状，以便释放其所承受的比较恒定的应变。类似地，安置在该承窝中的球会继续对该承窝施加载荷作用力，这最终会导致球脱离承窝。在所述臂保持非线性形状达一段延长时间之后，这会是特别常见的。在其它的缺点中，蠕变和所造成的变形会减小承受载荷的能力、固定保持力以及柔性臂的弯曲半径。
因此，在本领域中需要一种改进的可枢轴转动的连接器。
发明内容
通常，本发明的一个实施例所采取的形式为这样的一种连接器，其具有限定了承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，承窝内空腔经由 承窝外端而与连接器外部相连通，所述连接器还具有限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，其中球内空腔经由球外端而与连接器外部相连通，还具有与凸形端和凹形端相连的颈部，以及定位成围绕凹形端外部的外保持件。
外保持件如接头可约束或限制连接器的凹形端的扩张(expansion)。这种限制会有助于防止连接器的凹形端脱离相邻连接器的凸形端。作为备选，外保持件可有助于将接头保持在连接器的凹形端外部上。
在一些实施例中，连接器可具有中空颈，因此连接器可以限定从凸形端至凹形端的处于连接器中的通道。
另外，多个连接器可通过球和承窝互连起来以形成臂。当各个连接器限定了通道时，就通过臂的长度形成了连续通道。
在阅读了本发明的详细介绍之后，本领域的技术人员可以实现本发明的其它实施例和优点。
附图说明
图1显示了两个互连的现有技术的球窝式连接器的剖视图。
图2显示了根据本发明一个实施例的连接器主体的剖视图。
图2A显示了图2所示连接器的侧视图。
图2B显示了沿着图2A的线A-A剖开的剖视图。
图2C显示了图2B的圆圈区域B的剖视图。
图2D显示了图2所示连接器的透视图。
图3显示了连接器的外视图，显示出环绕在图2所示连接器主体周围的接头。
图3A显示了图3所示接头的端视图。
图3B显示了图3所示接头的侧视图。
图3C显示了图3所示接头的透视图。
图4显示了根据本发明第二实施例的卡扣配合式连接器的侧视 图，其具有凹形端，并且在接近承窝的中间位置带有承靠点。
图5以剖视图显示了根据图2和3所示实施例的、安置在第二连接器的承窝中的第一连接器的球。
图6显示了根据本发明第三实施例的连接器的侧视图，显示了第二接头。
图7显示了根据本发明第四实施例的连接器的侧视图，其具有形成于其上的保持器(retainer)。
图8显示了根据本发明第五实施例的连接器的侧视图，其具有形成于其上的斜面。
图9显示了根据本发明第六实施例的连接器的侧视图，其具有形成于其上的保持器和斜面。
图10显示了根据图2和3的实施例的三个互连连接器的局部剖视图。
图10A显示了由一系列连接器、例如图2A，2B和2C所示连接器构成的柔性臂的侧视图。
图10B显示了图10A所示柔性臂的端视图。
图11显示了根据图2、图3和图10所示实施例的两个轴向地歪斜的连接器的剖视图。
图12显示了根据图2和3所示实施例的一系列互连连接器构成的柔性臂组件。
图13显示了根据图2、3和12所示实施例的一系列互连连接器构成的柔性臂组件，其中连接器轴向地歪斜。
图14显示了根据图6所示实施例的一系列互连连接器构成的柔性臂组件。
图15显示了根据图6和14所示实施例的一系列互连连接器构成的柔性臂组件，其中连接器轴向地歪斜。
图16显示了根据本发明第七实施例的连接器的剖视图，显示了 整体地成形的接头。
图17显示了根据本发明第八实施例的连接器的剖视图，显示了整体地成形的接头。
具体实施方式
1.连接器主体的概述和结构
通常，本发明的一个实施例采取中空连接器的形式。如图2的剖视图所示，该连接器包括具有凸形端12和凹形端14的连接器主体10(或者口语上称为″串珠″)，以及可选的外接头(图2未示出)。连接器的凸形端12可被称为″球″，而凹形端14可被称为″承窝″。球12和承窝14一般都是外凸的。凸形端和凹形端之间的结合限定了串珠10的变窄部分或颈部16，其中球12和承窝14一般都在接近颈部16处在横截面上变窄。作为参考并且如本文中所用，连接器的纵轴线从球延伸至承窝或者从承窝延伸至球，而连接器的横轴线垂直于纵轴线。
连接器主体10的内部一般是中空的，如图2所示。凸形端12限定了球内空腔22，而凹形端14限定了承窝内空腔24。另外，这些空腔22，24通过中空颈26连在一起，并且限定了将连接器的球和承窝相连起来的通道。因此，颈部16也是中空的。另外，凸形部分和凹形部分12，14在它们的外端(即球外开口端18和承窝外开口端20)都是开口的，或者这些外端与颈部直接相对。因此，通道在凸形端和凹形端都与串珠的外部相连通。在备选实施例中，颈部16可为实心的，因此就将球外开口端18与承窝外开口端20分隔开。
图2A、2B、2C和2D提供了图2所示连接器主体10的各种视图。图2A显示了连接器主体10的侧视图，其具有大约1.4英寸的总长度L，凸形端12具有大约1.1英寸的外径DME，并且颈部16具 有大约0.79英寸的外径DNE。另外，从凸形端12的最大外径点至下述承靠点29上的点的长度L1是大约0.96英寸。图2B显示了沿着图2A的线A-A的剖视图。在该视图中，显示了球内空腔的最大直径DMM，其测得为大约0.895英寸。球内空腔在球外开口端处的直径DMO 是大约0.881英寸。另外，如下文中更详细地所述，连接器主体在切去部分28处的直径DCO是大约1.15英寸。图2C是图2B中的圆圈区域B的放大图。最后，图2D显示了连接器主体10的透视图。应当理解，图2A至2D的实施例的特定尺寸是说明性而非限制性的；图2所示连接器主体的备选实施例可具有不同的尺寸。
如图2A至2D所示，连接器主体10可包括一个或多个切去部分28。这些切去部分28在连接器外部中限定了凹口，并且一般在一侧与连接器主体的圆柱形部分的被称为″承靠点″29的平坦部接界，这将在下文中更详细地论述。这些凹口可允许更容易地用工具将接头定位成围绕连接器主体10。还将在下文中更详细地论述接头。切去部分28是可选的，例如在图3、图4和图6-8的下述实施例中未示出。
回到图2，连接器主体10的凹形端14一般在尺寸上设置成可接受相邻连接器的凸形端12。相邻连接器的凹形端14和凸形端12之间的配合一般是摩擦配合，从而允许互连的串珠10彼此相对运动，但一旦串珠设置在所需的位置中时，就可固定地保持串珠。也就是说，当第一串珠和第二串珠相配合时，第一串珠的凸形端12的外侧壁一般与第二串珠的凹形端14的内侧壁相接触。在备选实施例中，接头可用于压紧凹形端14，以便提供摩擦配合。互连的串珠10可进行枢轴转动和旋转。
一般而言，球12的最宽外部分形成于球的中间或其附近，而承窝14的最宽内部分成形为从承窝开口端20稍微地朝向颈部16。在备选实施例中，承窝14的最宽内部分可位于承窝的中点。凸形和凹形连接器的端部18，20可在起始于它们的中点的任一方向或两个方向 上，沿着它们的长度而向内和/或向外渐缩。另外，开口20在凹形端14处的直径可稍小于凸形端12的最宽部分，因此就要求凸形端12搭扣或迫压进入凹形端14中。串珠10的这种搭扣接头可形成上述摩擦配合，从而有助于相邻串珠之间的连接。
另外，如图2所示，串珠10内的通道一般没有阻塞、突起或凸出件，或者其它向内伸入串珠内部的阻碍物。因此，对于单个串珠10而言，物体可自由地通过串珠内部而不会被串珠10的某些部分(部分地或完全地)阻挡。球12和承窝14的大致弯曲的内侧壁限定了通往颈部内部的呈圆形地倾斜的通道壁，因此就减少了通道内形成陡峭角度的不连续。倾斜的内部以及没有向内突出的部件有助于物体(例如电缆、导体、导线、流体，管道等等)通过串珠内部。应注意，连接器主体10的备选实施例可在沿着通道的一些点处设置密封件或内壁，以便将通道的两端彼此密封隔离。
一般来说，连接器主体10可由各种材料制成。例如，串珠10可由各种塑料，例如各种聚酯和聚氯乙烯制成。更具体而言，串珠10可由热塑性材料如乙缩醛形成。串珠材料一般是比较耐用的。因此，用于生产的合适材料包括金属、木材和陶瓷。串珠10也可由复合材料制成，其例如为浸渍或涂覆上TEFLON或其它减摩化合物的塑料。
在具有适于卡扣配合在相邻连接器的球12上的承窝14的实施例中，连接器主体10的弹性在选择制造材料时会是一个因素。例如，如果材料更具弹性，则在相邻连接器的球12已卡扣配合到承窝14中之后，承窝14更有可能回到其原始形状。然而，过度的弹性也可能会因施加在连接处的应力而导致承窝14与球12提前分离。
2.压配合接头
图3显示了连接器的外视图。如图所示，压配合接头30环绕连接器主体10的承窝14。通常，接头30限制承窝14的外部产生扩张，从而有助于承窝14和相邻连接器的球(图3未示出)之间的紧密连 接。接头30也可紧压在相邻连接器的球上，以便为承窝14和球之间的连接提供另外的强度。在任一种情况下，接头30通过至少限制承窝14外部的扩张，而用作外保持件。尽管接头30在图3中显示为在其外部分中具有裂开或孔，应当理解，该孔仅仅显示为用于说明下面的承靠点29。接头30的大多数(尽管并非全部)实施例具有连续的表面。
接头30一般压配合在连接器上，并且在尺寸上设置成可比较紧贴地配合在承窝14周围。为了阻止承窝14的扩张，接头30的内径一般等于承窝14的外径。为了紧压承窝14，接头30的内径一般略小于承窝14的外径，因此当接头30压配合在凹形端14上时，承窝受压。因为凸形端12所具有的外径一般小于凹形端的外径，所以接头30可在压配合操作过程中设置在连接器主体10的凸形端12上，而不会紧压凸形部分12或与凸形部分12形成干涉。
接头30穿过凸形端12并且沿着凹形端14的纵轴线而被推进，直到接头30和凹形端14之间的结合充分地摩擦紧贴在一起，而足以将接头30保持就位。当接头30最终设置成围绕承窝14时，承窝14会在径向上施加扩张力而压在接头30上。这种扩张力与在接头30和承窝14之间形成的摩擦结合在一起，一般可将接头30保持就位，并且阻止沿着连接器的纵轴线而施加的任何分离作用力。
如图2A所示，接头30一般沿着连接器的外周边承靠在比较平坦的位置处。作为备选，该承靠点29可从外凹形端14朝着颈部16稍微向内地线性倾斜一定的角度。这种角度可提供较小的斜面，以便有助于正确地定位以及固定保持住接头30。
如图2C所示，在连接器的一些实施例中，承靠点29朝着承窝14的开口端略微地渐缩。例如，如图2C所示的连接器在承靠点29的最接近颈部16的那一端具有大约1.226英寸的外径D1，但在承靠点29的最接近承窝开口端20的那一端具有1.218英寸的外径D2。在备选实施例中，承靠点29可更大或更小程度地渐缩，并且可采用 各种不同的测量。该承靠点渐缩可有助于减小因上述蠕变造成的接头30的运动。
图3A至3C显示了图3所示接头30的多个视图。更具体而言，图3A提供了端视图，图3B显示了侧视图，而图3C显示了透视图。在所示的特定实施例中，接头30具有大约1.24英寸的外径OD和大约1.21英寸的内径ID。另外，接头30的宽度W为大约0.25英寸。然而，应当理解，这里所论述的关于接头尺寸的测量值是说明性而非限制性的。通常，接头30在尺寸上设置成与如图2A至2D所示的连接器主体10相配。图3所示连接器主体10和/或接头30的备选实施例可具有不同的测量尺寸。
在本发明的一个备选实施例、例如上述卡扣配合式实施例中，承窝14可从颈部16和承窝外开口端20朝着承窝的中部在横向直径上增大。因此，线性的不弯曲的承靠点29可被限定在具有最大横向直径的承窝14的截面处或其附近。与如图3所示的实施例相比，图4显示了具有凹形端14的卡扣配合式连接器，其中承靠点29接近承窝中部。应注意，承靠点29一般定位在与插入到承窝14中的相邻连接器的球12至少部分地重叠的位置。这有助于承窝14和相邻连接器的球12之间的摩擦连接。
参见图5的剖视图，与承靠点29(因此和所承靠的接头30)的位置无关的是，接头30可用于至少稍微地紧压第一连接器主体10a的承窝14。作为备选，接头可仅仅阻止或限制承窝14的扩张。当第二连接器主体10b的球12插入第一连接器主体10a的承窝14和设置在其周围的接头30中时，接头30可使承窝壁的至少一部分内表面32与球壁的外表面34形成接触。应注意，图5所示连接器主体10a，10b与如图2和3所示的连接器主体相同。
承窝内壁32和球外壁34的彼此接触或相邻的那些部分摩擦式地阻止第一和第二连接器主体10a，10b的重新对准，从而保持第一和第二连接器10a，10b彼此相对地定位。也就是说，当第一串珠通过弯 曲、推动或扭转而相对于第二串珠纵向地定位时，上述相邻表面所产生的摩擦阻力一般会阻止重力或其它外力使第一和第二串珠运动脱离它们的相对位置。这种轴向歪斜如下述的剖视图11所示。
摩擦阻力不仅可保持两个连接器的纵向对准，而且也可支撑连接其中一个连接器上所附带的重量或质量。通过″臂″或者一连串互连连接器来支撑就位的确切重量取决于该重量与支撑点或固定点之间的连接器的数量。连接器的数量越大，则在施加于至少一个串珠上的扭矩克服摩擦配合所产生的作用力而导致臂弯曲之前，能够沿着臂长度被支撑的重量就越小。
然而，各串珠的接头和承窝之间的连接越紧，则就可支撑更多的重量。有效的是，上紧的接头和/或紧公差配合的凸形端和凹形端会增大臂中的各球窝节之间的摩擦力，这又允许臂支撑更多的重量，以及更容易阻止非所需的运动。
在一个备选实施例中，柔性臂中各接头的上紧程度可被单个地进行调整，从而提供了阻止非所需运动如轴向不对准的可变阻力水平。例如，接头可在臂中部略微更松一些，但在各端部则更紧一些，从而形成了柔性臂可在其中间部分弯曲的趋势。
除了形成或增强互连串珠之间的上述摩擦力之外，接头也可阻止承窝的扩张，这种扩张会导致互连串珠的分离。如图3A最佳地所示的压配合接头30是基本上实心的环箍或材料带，例如管段。该接头可在尺寸上设置成紧贴地配合在承窝外部上，从而阻止承窝的扩张，或者可在尺寸上设置成稍微地压紧承窝的外部，从而除了阻止扩张之外还提供了压紧力。
3.夹紧接头
除了上述压配合接头之外，夹紧接头也可在本发明的备选实施例中用作外保持件。图6显示了连接器的外视图，其具有连接于其上的夹紧接头40。如图所示，凸起部(protrusion)42从接头40的圆形 部分向外延伸，而圆形部分的内壁与连接器承窝14的外壁基本上完全地接触。夹紧接头40也可具有软管夹类型的结构。
在定位成围绕连接器主体10之前，夹紧接头的内径(也就是说，接头内壁的直径)一般在大小上设置成使得接头40可定位成围绕承窝14，而不会有接头内壁的任何部分接触到承窝14的外壁。一旦接头40沿着纵向并且围绕承窝14成角地正确对准，则接头40就被夹紧、压接或压紧，直到该接头的大部分内壁接触到承窝14的外壁。由于接头40一般是无弹性的并且在夹紧/压接过程中没有去掉任何材料，因此接头的总体尺寸不能改变。因此，夹紧/压接过程就迫使接头40的一些部分从承窝14向上和向外地变形，同时朝着承窝而对接头的其余部分加压，从而形成了上述凸起部42。与压配合接头一样，夹紧接头40一般会压紧承窝14，或者至少限制承窝14的扩张，其方式如上所述。这种压紧导致连接器承窝和相邻连接器的球之间形成摩擦关系，这也如上所述。
上述接头可由各种材料制成，其中金属和塑料是常用材料。压配合接头也可由橡胶或其它弹性材料制成，这类材料能够在承窝14上施加足以将承窝14向内压或防止其扩张的力。
4.可选的连接器主体
除了上述实施例之外，连接器主体10也可包括另外的特征，其设计成促进主体和接头之间的连接。例如，凸起、向外延伸的环形环体或台肩(一起称为″保持器″)可形成为朝向承窝的后部分。图2和3所示连接器以及图6所示连接器包括这种保持器50，其位于承窝14的外壁上并且靠近承窝的外开口端20。具有形成于其上的保持器51的连接器主体70的第二示例如图7所示。可以看到，保持器51从承窝外壁向外延伸。
参见图7，保持器51的外径通常至少稍大于相关联接头30的内径。因此，一旦接头30定位成围绕连接器主体70的承窝74(无论 是通过压配合或夹紧)，则保持器51就防止接头30沿着连接器主体70朝着承窝外开口端72向后滑动。保持器51可有效地用于从后面阻止接头30，并且有助于保持接头30就位。保持器51也可有助于接头30围绕承窝74的正确对准，这是通过防止接头在压配合或夹紧过程中定位成离连接器主体70后面太远来实现的。
因此，上述保持器50，51用作外保持件。然而，在上述接头30，40约束或限制承窝14外部扩张的同时，保持器50，51可帮助将这种接头30，40保持成围绕承窝。
图8显示了连接器的另一实施例。在该实施例中，连接器主体80设有从承窝84的外壁向外延伸的斜面52。该斜面52一般朝着颈部86向下倾斜，其中在斜面的最远离颈部86的那一端在高度上形成了陡峭的突变(″凸缘″54)。该斜面52防止接头30沿着连接器主体80朝着颈部86向前滑动。一旦通过夹紧配合或使压配合接头沿着斜面52滑动并越过凸缘54而使接头30正确地定位，则凸缘54的外径一般会超出接头的内径。因此，斜面52用于限制接头30的向前运动，该方式与保持器51(如图7所示)限制向后运动的方式非常类似。一般而言，当压配合接头30(如图8的具体示例所示)沿着斜面的长度而行进时，斜面52从颈部86向上倾斜并且逐渐地压紧，从而允许压配合接头30越过凸缘54。一旦接头30越过凸缘54，则斜面52会扩张而基本上回到其原始尺寸。这种扩张就产生了大于接头30内径的凸缘直径54，从而有助于将接头30保持就位。结果，斜面52和凸缘54也以与针对保持器50，51所述相类似的方式而用作外保持件。
应注意，一些实施例可同时采用斜面52和保持器50，51，以便将接头的任何可能横向运动约束在比较窄的范围内。图9显示了连接器主体90，其在承窝94的外部上同时采用了斜面52和保持器50，其中压配合接头30承靠在斜面52和保持器50之间。
5.连接器组件
多个串珠可互连在一起以形成柔性的组件，其在口语上称为″臂″。图10显示了由三个互连的串珠10a-c所构成的臂60的局部剖视图。通常，臂60中的各个串珠10a-c可彼此相对地旋转和/或枢轴转动，或者围绕它们的纵轴线旋转(一起产生″纵向歪斜″)，从而允许臂60呈现各种形状。连接器可彼此相对地纵向歪斜，但通常一个连接器的球不能被迫进一步进入第二相邻连接器的承窝中或者从中退出。例如，图11显示了两个各自彼此相对地轴向歪斜的连接器主体10a和10b，如同与第一连接器主体10a相关联的第一纵轴线即轴线1以及与第二连接器主体10b相关联的第二纵轴线即轴线2所示。
回到图10，第一串珠10a相对于第二串珠10b的枢轴转动受到第一串珠10a的凹形承窝14的外端的限制，该外端压紧在第二相邻串珠10b的承窝14的颈部16或外壁上。如上所述，在传统的球窝式设置中，这种压紧可用作支点，用于将第二连接器的凸形端12杠杆式撬起至脱离第一连接器的凹形端14。
本文所述的各种接头有助于防止这种分离。通过约束第一连接器承窝14的扩张或尺寸变化，当承窝的外端压紧在相邻连接器10b的颈部16或外承窝壁上时，接头就可阻止承窝14的外端发生扩张以及松开相邻连接器的球12。由于接头一般是无弹性的(或者具有很小的弹性)，因此响应于其中容纳的球12所施加的向外压力而产生的承窝扩张是很小的。
如上所述，各单个的连接器主体10可在它们之间限定通道，该通道在凸形12和凹形14这两端都带有开口。因此，连续通道61通过形成臂60的多个互连连接器主体10来限定。连续通道61允许流体、固体和气体在臂的长度上传送。另外，由于接头将承窝14紧紧地固定成围绕各个球12，因此通道是基本上防水的。接头也可降低串珠10彼此相对旋转或枢轴转动时产生的尖锐声音或噪音，尤其是在重复动作之后。通常，接头所产生的压紧力减轻了串珠的变形和/ 或蠕变，这类变形和/或蠕变是上述尖锐声音的成因。当相邻串珠10之间的摩擦配合减小时，串珠10会相互摩擦，从而导致抖动噪音和尖锐声音。因此，通过减少蠕变，也就减轻了尖锐声音。
除了流体之外，管道和/或线缆也可穿过臂的通道61。例如，在通道61内添加管道可允许电线沿着管内通过，而无需考虑臂60的弯曲或扭转会压迫电线或导致其它的损坏。然而，一般应注意，如果在通道61内没有设置任何凸起部，就会降低这种压迫或损坏的可能性，而对枢轴转动运动范围的限制也会具有同样的效果。因此，由一系列互连连接器主体10构成的柔性臂60尤其可适合用于柔性的淋浴喷头臂、手电筒，或者要求软管或臂能够保持住使用者设定的固定位置的其它应用中。这样的一种应用在题目为″柔性的淋浴喷头臂组件″的美国专利No.5865378中更具体地进行介绍。例如，串珠10可与本文所述的具有专用第一和第二端的串珠组合起来，以形成淋浴喷头臂。本文所述的外护套也可选择性地用于保护柔性臂60免受沙粒、灰尘、脏物等沉积在串珠10上的困扰，因为这些物质会导致在操纵串珠10时发出尖锐噪音，并且可能会限制相邻串珠的运动范围。
图10A和10B分别以侧视图和端视图显示了柔性臂60。臂60由一系列共五个如图2A至2D所示的连接器主体10构成，各主体10都带有已安装上的图3A和3B所示接头30。在该特定示例中，臂60具有大约5.24英寸的总长度L，接头30处的宽度W为大约1.25英寸。应当理解，图10A所示的测量尺寸只是用于说明而非具有限制性；柔性臂60的备选实施例可具有不同的测量尺寸。
图12和13显示了第一柔性臂60，其采用了本文所述的连接器主体10。图12显示了第一柔性臂60，其中所有的串珠都基本上纵向地对准，而图13显示了第一柔性臂60，其中若干串珠纵向地歪斜。如图所示，第一柔性臂60采用了如图3所示的压配合接头30。
图14和15显示了第二柔性臂62，其采用了本文所述的连接器 主体10。图14显示了第二柔性臂62，其中所有的串珠都基本上纵向地对准，而图15显示了第二柔性臂62，其中若干串珠纵向地歪斜。如图所示，第二柔性臂62采用了如图6所示的夹紧接头40。
6.整体地成形的接头
除了本文所述的压配合接头30和夹紧接头40之外，连接器接头34也可与连接器主体100成形为一个整体，如图16所示。通常，接头34可与连接器主体100内嵌模制在一起或进行共挤压加工，从而导致在接头34通常所处的位置处积聚有塑料或聚合物。该整体地成形的接头34可采用与连接器主体100相同的材料来制成。作为备选，如图17所示，一种备选的整体地成形的接头36可由与连接器主体102不同的聚合物制成。在图17中，两种不同的材料用两种不同的剖面线来表示：较密的斜剖面线用于表示接头36的材料，而较稀疏的近似垂直剖面线表示主体102的材料。另外，应注意，接头36的材料可延伸进入连接器主体102上所形成的凹口(未示出)中，以便有助于这两种材料之间的更高强度的结合，而不是在连接器主体102表面上形成齐平。
在任一种情况下，整体地成形的接头34，36可在同一模具或在不同模具中被注射模制在连接器主体100，102上。另外，一旦接头34，36形成于主体100，102上，则连接器就可从模制装置中取出，此时连接器主体100，102仍然是至少稍具柔性的。例如，连接器可在主体100，102仍然为温热和柔性(但不必是可变形的)的状态下取出来。然后，柔性连接器的凸形端可插入另一连接器的凹形端中，并冷却下来变成无柔性的连接器，这是因为凸形端在插入过程中会稍微地发生变形。在插入凸形端之后，它就可回到其原始形状并且冷却下来。在连接器冷却时，连接器主体100，102将硬化并逐渐失去其柔性，从而保证凸形端在插入之后不会在使用过程中容易变形。这又使得可利用具有内嵌模制接头的一系列串珠100，102来组装柔性臂。
如图16和17所示，由于接头34，36被内嵌模制或以其它方式与连接器主体100，102一起成形或者形成于其上，因此，就不需要保持器、斜面或任何其它的外凸起部来保持接头34，36的位置。
7.结论
本领域的技术人员从以上描述中可以认识到，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下，可以对所述实施例的进行许多的变化。例如，可采用另外的材料来制造连接器主体和/或接头。作为另一示例，接头可利用螺纹沿着承窝的外壁来上紧，而非压配合或夹紧于其上。另外，尽管本发明已经结合特定实施例进行了描述，但是，这些描述仅仅是示例性的，并非具有限制性。因此，本发明的适当范围由所附权利要求来确定，而非由以上示例来限定。
Claims (41)
1.一种连接器，包括：
限定了外表面、承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，其中
所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通，并且
所述凹形端的外表面限定承靠点，所述承靠点形成为所述外表面的平坦圆柱形部分；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；
外保持件，其定位成与所述承靠点成基本连续的圆周接触并且紧压在所述承靠点周围，以限制所述凹形端的扩张。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述颈部限定了中空颈，其将所述承窝内空腔和球内空腔相连起来以限定通道。
3.根据权利要求2所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括形成于所述通道内的内壁，所述内壁构造成将所述承窝内空腔与所述球内空腔隔开。
4.根据权利要求2所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述承窝内空腔包括沿着所述连接器的纵轴线从所述凹形端的中点至所述中空颈而连续地变窄的平滑通道。
5.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述承靠点还包括线性地渐缩的表面，其从所述承窝外开口端向内延伸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述承靠点还包括线性地渐缩的表面，其朝着所述承窝外开口端而向内延伸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括切去部分，所述切去部分包括形成于所述连接器的外部上的凹口，所述切去部分构造成接受用于将接头定位成围绕所述凹形端的外部的工具。
8.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述承窝内空腔包括内径，另一连接器的凸形端包括外径，所述承窝内空腔的内径小于所述另一连接器的凸形端的外径；
因此，将所述另一连接器的凸形端插入所述承窝内空腔中就会形成摩擦配合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述凸形端外部的最宽部分位于所述颈部和所述球外开口端之间的中间位置。
10.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述凹形端外部的最宽部分定位成从所述承窝外开口端朝着所述颈部。
11.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述凹形端的外部的最宽部分位于所述颈部和所述承窝外开口端之间的中间位置。
12.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述承窝外开口端包括这样的直径，其小于所述凸形端的最宽部分。
13.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器至少部分地由塑料形成。
14.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器至少部分地由金属形成。
15.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器至少部分地由陶瓷形成。
16.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器至少部分地由木材形成。
17.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述连接器至少部分地由复合材料形成。
18.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述外保持件包括由塑料制成的接头。
19.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述外保持件包括由金属制成的接头。
20.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述外保持件包括具有内径的接头，所述凹形端包括外径，所述接头的内径小于所述凹形端的外径。
21.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述外保持件包括压配合接头。
22.根据权利要求21所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述压配合接头包括这样的内径，其小于所述凹形端外部的直径。
23.根据权利要求21所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述压配合接头由弹性材料制成。
24.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述外保持件包括夹紧接头，其具有通过将所述夹紧接头压接在所述承靠点上而形成的凸起部。
25.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述外保持件包括软管夹。
26.根据权利要求1所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述外保持件包括整体地成形的接头，其定位成围绕所述凹形端的外部。
27.一种连接器，包括：
限定了外表面、承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，其中
所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；以及
所述凹形端的外表面限定
承靠点，所述承靠点形成为所述外表面的平坦圆柱形部分；和
保持器结构，其在所述承靠点附近从所述凹形端的外表面向外延伸；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；以及
外保持件，其定位成围绕所述承靠点；其中
所述外保持件与所述承靠点成基本连续的圆周接触并且紧压在所述承靠点周围，并且
所述保持器结构防止所述外保持件沿着所述外表面朝着所述承窝外开口端纵向滑动。
28.一种连接器，包括：
限定了外表面、承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，其中
所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；以及
所述凹形端的外表面限定
承靠点，所述承靠点形成为所述外表面的平坦圆柱形部分；和
斜面结构，其从所述凹形端的外部向外延伸以在所述
承靠点附近形成凸缘，并且朝着所述颈部向下倾斜；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；以及
外保持件，其定位成围绕所述承靠点；其中
所述外保持件与所述承靠点成基本连续的圆周接触并且紧压在所述承靠点周围，并且
所述凸缘防止所述外保持件沿着所述外表面朝着所述颈部纵向滑动。
29.根据权利要求28所述的连接器，其特征在于，还包括保持器结构，其在所述承靠点附近从所述凹形端的外表面向外延伸，其中
所述保持器结构防止所述外保持件沿着所述外表面朝着所述承窝外开口端纵向滑动。
30.一种连接器，包括：
限定了承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端而与所述连接器外部相连通；
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；
外保持件，其定位成围绕所述凹形端的外表面，并包括整体成形的接头，且构造成限制所述凹形端的扩张，该整体成形的接头与所述凹形端的外部内嵌模制在一起。
31.根据权利要求30所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述整体地成形的接头与所述凹形端的外部被共挤压在一起。
32.根据权利要求30所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述整体地成形的接头由与所述凹形端的外部相同的材料构成。
33.根据权利要求30所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述整体地成形的接头由与所述凹形端的外部不同的材料构成。
34.根据权利要求30所述的连接器，其特征在于，所述凹形端的外部包括凹口，所述整体地成形的接头延伸进入所述凹口中。
35.一种柔性连接器组件，包括：
第一连接器，其包括：
限定了外表面、承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，其中
所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；并且
所述凹形端的外表面限定承靠点，所述承靠点形成为所述外表面的平坦圆柱形部分；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端而与所述连接器的外部相连通；
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；第二连接器，其包括：
限定了外表面、承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，其中
所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端与所述连接器的外部相连通；并且
所述凹形端的外表面限定承靠点，所述承靠点形成为所述外表面的平坦圆柱形部分；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端与所述连接器的外部相连通；
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；
所述第二连接器的凸形端位于所述第一连接器的凹形端内，所述第一连接器和第二连接器因此而形成了臂；和
接头，其定位成与所述承靠点成基本连续的圆周接触并且紧压在所述承靠点周围，以基本限制所述第一连接器的凹形端的扩张。
36.根据权利要求35所述的柔性连接器组件，其特征在于，所述第一连接器和第二连接器的颈部各自限定了中空颈，所述中空颈将所述承窝内空腔和所述球内空腔相连起来，因此所述第一连接器和第二连接器就限定了从中穿过的连续通道。
37.根据权利要求36所述的柔性连接器组件，其特征在于，所述连续通道允许沿着所述连接器组件的长度来传送流体、固体和气体。
38.根据权利要求35所述的柔性连接器组件，其特征在于，所述柔性连接器组件还包括：
第三连接器，其包括：
限定了外表面、承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，其中
所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端与所述连接器的外部相连通；并且
所述凹形端的外表面限定承靠点，所述承靠点形成为所述外表面的平坦圆柱形部分；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端与所述连接器的外部相连通；
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；
所述第三连接器的凸形端位于所述第二连接器的凹形端内，所述第一连接器、第二连接器和第三连接器因此而形成了臂；
第二接头定位成与所述承靠点成基本连续的圆周接触并且紧压在所述承靠点周围，以限制所述第二连接器的凹形端的扩张；和
所述第二连接器的凹形端与所述第三连接器的凸形端之间的摩擦阻力水平不同于所述第一连接器的凹形端与所述第二连接器的凸形端之间的摩擦阻力水平。
39.一种用于组装柔性连接器组件的方法，包括：
提供多个连接器主体，各连接器主体包括：
限定了外表面、承窝内空腔和承窝外开口端的凹形端，其中
所述承窝内空腔经由所述承窝外开口端而与所述连接器主体的外部相连通，并且
所述凹形端的外表面限定承靠点，所述承靠点形成为适于接纳接头的所述外表面的平坦圆柱形部分；
限定了球内空腔和球外开口端的凸形端，所述球内空腔经由所述球外开口端与所述连接器的主体外部相连通；和
将所述凸形端和凹形端相连起来的颈部；
将所述连接器主体中的第一连接器主体的凸形端穿过承窝外开口端而插入到所述连接器主体中的第二连接器主体的承窝内空腔中；和
将所述接头定位成与所述连接器主体中的第二连接器主体的承靠点成基本连续的圆周接触。
40.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接头限制所述连接器主体中的所述第二连接器主体的凹形端的扩张。
41.根据权利要求39所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接头阻止所述连接器主体中的所述第一连接器主体的凸形端脱离所述连接器主体中的所述第二连接器主体的凹形端。
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2004
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- 2004-10-14 WO PCT/US2004/034019 patent/WO2005038272A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-10-14 CN CN2004800297968A patent/CN101124425B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2185362Y (zh) * | 1994-02-06 | 1994-12-14 | 刘开权 | 可变式液体传输管 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7533906B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
| WO2005038272A8 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
| WO2005038272A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| CN101124425A (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
| US20050082824A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
| WO2005038272A2 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
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