CN1006383B - 新的噻吩取代的烯丙基胺类的制备方法 - Google Patents
新的噻吩取代的烯丙基胺类的制备方法Info
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- CN1006383B CN1006383B CN85109434A CN85109434A CN1006383B CN 1006383 B CN1006383 B CN 1006383B CN 85109434 A CN85109434 A CN 85109434A CN 85109434 A CN85109434 A CN 85109434A CN 1006383 B CN1006383 B CN 1006383B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
- C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D333/08—Hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
- C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D333/14—Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen
- C07D333/20—Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen by nitrogen atoms
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Abstract
本文叙述了新的取代噻吩的烯丙基胺类的制备方法,该类化合物基本的作用机制是抑制多巴胺β-羟基化酶,因此,本发明化合物可用作抗高血压药物。
Description
本发明是关于新的烯丙基胺类的制备方法及方法中使用的中间体,本发明还涉及药物组合物以及用该组合物治疗高血压的方法。
本发明尤其涉及到具有下式的烯丙基胺类
和它在药学上可以接受的无毒的酸加成盐。特别是,本发明化合物涉及到β-亚甲基-2-噻吩乙胺、β-亚甲基-3-噻吩乙胺以及它们在药学上可以接受的无毒的酸加成盐。
典型的盐是与无毒的有机酸或无机酸形成的盐,例如与下列酸所形成的盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、磺酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、马来酸、富马酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸、醋酸、丙酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、肉桂酸、棕榈酸、衣康酸和苯磺酸。
本发明的烯丙基胺类(Ⅰ)按下列反应路线,通过所示的一系列反应,可以很容易地制得:
上述反应路线实质上叙述了按照标准的格利雅反应条件,用甲基溴化镁反应,接着进行脱水,由2-或3-乙酰基噻吩衍生物转变为相应的2-或3-异亚丙基噻吩衍生物的方法。按照标准的条件,该异亚丙基衍生物(Ⅳ)进行烯丙基氯化,得粗产品(Ⅴ),用著名的加布里埃耳合成法,经过邻苯二甲酰亚胺衍生物(Ⅵ)得到所需的烯丙基胺类(Ⅰ)。用常规的化学方法,可以将游离碱转变为酸加成盐,或者将酸加成盐转变为游离碱。
上述反应路线用下述具体的实例进一步举例叙述。
实例1
β-亚甲基-2-噻吩乙胺盐酸盐
A步:2-(1-甲基)乙烯基噻吩:
将54.0毫升(0.5摩尔)2-乙酰基噻吩溶于100毫升无水乙醚的溶液在氮气下滴加到211毫升2.85摩尔甲基溴化镁/乙醚(0.6摩尔)中,滴加的时间为1.5小时,并且滴加时反应混合物在冰浴中被搅拌。控制滴加的速度,使反应温度保持低于30℃,得到灰色的沉淀。混合物于25℃温热1小时,然后再在冰浴上冷却,同时小心地加入100毫升饱和碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)溶液。得到的块状物溶于约1升水中,水相用乙醚萃取二
次。合并的醚溶液用饱和氯化钠(NaCl)溶液萃取,用碳酸钾(K2CO3)干燥,过滤,并且在常压下浓缩,得到黄色油状物(粗醇)。将1.0克硫酸氢钾(KHSO4)和约0.1克4-叔-丁基邻苯二酚(抑制剂)加到粗醇中,混合物在油浴上于110℃在空气中保持约15分钟之后,形成水层。冷却的混合物在乙醚和水二个液相组份之间进行分配,醚层用饱和氯化钠溶液萃取,用碳酸钾干燥,过滤,在1大气压下浓缩,并通过一短的维格罗(Vigreux)分馏柱进行蒸馏,得36.0克无色烯烃,产率58%,沸点74~78℃/35托。同样,可以制备3-(1-甲基)乙烯基噻吩,沸点69~79℃/11托。
B步:N-2-(2-噻吩基)丙烯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺:
将1.87克(0.006摩尔)二苯基联硒化物和16.0克(0.12摩尔)N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺的溶液滴加到12.4克(0.1摩尔)由A步得到的烯烃溶于50毫升二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的溶液中,控制滴加的速度,以保持反应温度低于30℃。混合物于25℃搅拌3小时,然后将混合物在5%硫代硫酸钠(Na2S2O3)和己烷二个液相组分之间进行分配。己烷相以碳酸钾(K2CO3)干燥,并减压浓缩。主要的杂质为相应的氯乙烯(占11%)。粗产品(含氯乙烯)中加入200毫升DMF,在氮气中放置,并加入37.0克(0.2摩尔)邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾。磁力搅拌悬浮液,并于90℃加热1小时,直至薄层色谱(TLC)(己烷为展开剂)表明无烯丙基氯。冷却的混合物注入1升水中。10分钟后析出棕色固体,滤出,用水洗涤,从乙醇-醋酸乙酯中重结晶,得26.86克产品,熔点147.5~149.5℃。
元素分析:C15H11NO2S:
计算值(%):C 66.90;H 4.12;N 5.20
测定值(%):C 66.81;H 4.31;N 5.06
同样,可以制备N-2-(3-噻吩基)丙烯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,熔点163~164℃。
C步:β-亚甲基-2-噻吩乙胺盐酸盐
将26.9克(0.10摩尔)由B步得到的邻苯二甲酰亚胺在400毫升甲醇(CH3OH)中的悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,加入9.7毫升(0.20摩尔)水合肼,并且在氮气下将反应混合物加热回流。1.5小时后,薄层色谱(20%乙酸乙酯/己烷为展开剂)表明无残存的起始原料。混合物在冰浴上冷却,析出的邻苯二甲酰肼滤出,溶于氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液中,并用乙醚萃取二次。甲醇滤液在旋转蒸发器上浓缩,残余物在乙醚和1N氢氧化钠二个液相组份之间进行分配。合并的醚层用100毫升1N盐酸萃取一次,用50毫升1N盐酸萃取二次。合并的酸层在冰浴上冷却,加入固体氢氧化钠碱化,然后用氯化钠(NaCl)饱和,用乙醚萃取三次。合并的乙醚层浓缩,残余物于70℃在0.07托压力下蒸馏,得10.78克无色液体,产率77%。用干燥氯化氢饱和的乙醚溶液滴加处理6.95克(0.05摩尔)游离碱溶于100毫升乙醚的溶液,直到没有沉淀生成。混合物在冰浴上搅拌15分钟,过滤,用乙醇-2-丙醇重结晶,得到6.86克淡灰色针状物,熔点140~145℃(分解)。
元素分析:C7H9NS·HCl:
计算值(%):C 47.86;H 5.74;N 7.97
测定值(%):C 47.81;H 5.75;N 8.08
同样,可以制得β-亚甲基-3-噻吩乙胺盐酸盐,熔点181~182℃。
元素分析:C7H9NS·HCl
计算值(%) C 47.86;H 5.74;N 7.97
测定值(%) C 47.68;H 5.96;N 7.76
在作用机制中,本发明的烯丙基胺类(Ⅰ)为多巴胺β-羟基化酶(DBH)抑制剂,DBH的失效与作用时间、药物浓度和抗坏血酸有关。DBH在活性位置上直接地失效,因此本发明予计式Ⅰ化合物是有价值的治疗高血压的药物。
用已知的标准方法,如美国专利4,415,191中陈述的方法,可以容易地测定本发明化合物对多巴胺-β-羟基化酶的抑制性质。例如欲测定对DBH的抑制程度是否是与作用时间相关的动力学问题,所用的方法可举例如下,在含有分子氧、供电子体(如抗坏血酸)以及DBH所需辅助因子的水溶液中测定DBH氧化作用,水溶液的PH为5,温度为20~40℃(最好为37℃)。按需要的浓度加入受试化合物,将上述水溶液孵育。间隔不同的时间吸取水溶液的等分试样,用酪胺作为底物,反应之后,用极谱电极和氧监测仪,按S.May等的方法[J.Biol.chem.256,2258(1981)]测量所吸收的氧,以表示DBH的活性。各化合物使DBH失效的抑制常数可用Kitz和Wilson[J.Biol.Chem.273,3245(1962)]所提供的常规方法进行测定。按上述方法,用表Ⅰ中的化合物试验时,对DBH的抑制作用随孵育时间而增加。活性降低的初始速度随抑制剂浓度的增加而增加。表Ⅰ的结果表明,失效的速率(Kinact.)很快,而抑制常数(KI)低,因此,β-亚甲基-2-噻吩乙胺是较有效的异构体。
表Ⅰ
化合物在体外对DBH的抑制作用
化合物 KI(毫摩尔) Kinact(分-1)
β-亚甲基-2-噻吩乙胺 2 0.02
β-亚甲基-3-噻吩乙胺 2 0.004
用高血压的大白鼠,按照已知的标准方法,可以测定本发明的化合物在体内降低血压的能力。试验化合物通过腹膜内注射(ip)或口服给于大白鼠,并连续监测血压。由于DBH是合成儿茶酚胺类主要的酶,希望抑制剂能减少儿茶酚胺类生成的数量,从而产生抗高血压的作用。抗高血压作用的试验结果见表Ⅱ。
表Ⅱ
化合物在体内的抗高血压作用
化合物 剂量(毫克/公斤) 平均血压
(变化最大的百分数)
β-亚甲基-2-噻吩乙胺 10(腹腔内注射) 11
30(腹腔内注射) 22
100(腹腔内注射) 52
50(口服) 11
100(口服) 14
200(口服) 14
发明者认为,本发明化合物作用的基本机制是抑制DBH,与S.May,[J.Biol.Chem.256,2258(1981)]所报导的相似。这些化合物与儿茶酚胺类具有某些相似之处。后者可被单胺氧化酶(MAO)破坏而终止神经传导。因为这些化合物的结构与儿茶酚胺类相似,所以它们可能是作为MAO的底物而起到MAO(K cat)抑制剂的作用。可用A.Christmas等[Br.J.pharmacol.45,490(1972)]的方法来评价这些化合物对单胺氧化酶的机制抑制作用。表Ⅲ是β-亚甲基-2-噻吩乙胺对DBH的强抑制作用和对MAO的弱抑制作用的比较。
表Ⅲ
本发明化合物对DBH和MAO抑制作用的比较
对纯化的DBH的作用
时间-抑制效应关系
t1/2=7分,最终浓度为5×10-5摩尔
对大白鼠脑线粒体MAO的作用
与时间有关的弱MAO抑制剂
MAO A Ki 3.2×10-4摩尔,
t=Tau 50 2.6分
MAO B Ki 1.1×10-4摩尔,
t=Tau 50 4.9分
因此,根据上述情况以及其它已知的评价多巴胺β-羟基化酶抑制剂的标准实验室方法,用标准的毒性试验和测定哺乳类动物抗高血压作用的药理学试验,并将本试验结果与已知的抗高血压药物的试验结果进行比较,可以容易地确定本发明化合物抗高血压的有效剂量。一般来说,每天每公斤体重约按5毫克~100毫克剂量给药,可以获得抗高血压的有效结果。当然,按照负责诊断医师确定的高血压的类别和严重程度,每个病人具体的开始剂量和连续剂量会不相同。
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US68762884A | 1984-12-31 | 1984-12-31 | |
US687,628 | 1984-12-31 |
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CN85109434A CN85109434A (zh) | 1986-09-24 |
CN1006383B true CN1006383B (zh) | 1990-01-10 |
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US (1) | US4788301A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0187390B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS61197576A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR900003373B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1006383B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR241137A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE55386T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU587591B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1258264A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3579145D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK164504C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES8703866A1 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI81794C (zh) |
GR (1) | GR853149B (zh) |
HU (1) | HU193619B (zh) |
IE (1) | IE58187B1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO168581C (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ214698A (zh) |
PH (1) | PH21649A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT81772B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA859888B (zh) |
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US5112852A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1992-05-12 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Allenyl amines |
US4847288A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-07-11 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Allenyl amines |
CA1293511C (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1991-12-24 | James R. Mccarthy | Allenyl amines |
CA1309719C (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1992-11-03 | Thomas M. Bargar | Heterocycly1-2-propyn-1-amines |
JP5350467B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-14 | 2013-11-27 | イプセン ファルマ ソシエテ パール アクシオン サンプリフィエ | ソマトスタチン−ドーパミンコンジュゲートの医薬組成物 |
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US4454158A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1984-06-12 | Merrell Toraude Et Compagnie | Allyl amine MAO inhibitors |
FR2508456A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-30 | 1982-12-31 | Sanofi Sa | Procede de preparation de (thienyl-2)-2 ethylamines et (thienyl-3)-2 ethylamines |
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1985
- 1985-12-23 NZ NZ214698A patent/NZ214698A/xx unknown
- 1985-12-27 FI FI855158A patent/FI81794C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1985-12-27 JP JP60293324A patent/JPS61197576A/ja active Pending
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- 1985-12-28 HU HU855006A patent/HU193619B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-30 ZA ZA859888A patent/ZA859888B/xx unknown
- 1985-12-30 KR KR1019850009968A patent/KR900003373B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-30 ES ES550570A patent/ES8703866A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-12-30 DK DK607785A patent/DK164504C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-30 PT PT81772A patent/PT81772B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-30 CN CN85109434A patent/CN1006383B/zh not_active Expired
- 1985-12-30 CA CA000498781A patent/CA1258264A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-30 AT AT85116658T patent/ATE55386T1/de active
- 1985-12-30 AU AU51730/85A patent/AU587591B2/en not_active Expired
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- 1985-12-30 IE IE332685A patent/IE58187B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-30 NO NO855353A patent/NO168581C/no unknown
- 1985-12-30 DE DE8585116658T patent/DE3579145D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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