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CN100594855C - 颈椎间盘的假体关节 - Google Patents

颈椎间盘的假体关节 Download PDF

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CN100594855C
CN100594855C CN200480009386A CN200480009386A CN100594855C CN 100594855 C CN100594855 C CN 100594855C CN 200480009386 A CN200480009386 A CN 200480009386A CN 200480009386 A CN200480009386 A CN 200480009386A CN 100594855 C CN100594855 C CN 100594855C
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indentation
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intervertebral disk
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CN1771013A (zh
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H·D·林克
A·克勒
P·C·麦卡菲
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Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及颈椎间盘假体，包括盖板(1)，它具有用于与椎体连接的表面(10)，所述表面的宽度大于它的厚度。与前外侧部位的边缘(14)相比，连接表面(10)在背外侧部位的边界(24)缩进了。连接表面(10)的所述缩进的边界(24)可以通过圆面或斜面(25)与凸出边缘(14)连接。

Description

颈椎间盘的假体关节
用于取代脊柱颈段的椎间盘的关节内置假体是公知的(FR-A-2718635，EP-B-699426，WO03/63727，WO02/11650，EP-A-1166725，EP-A-820740)，它包括两个盖板和接合核。所述盖板大体上平行地布置在所述核两侧，具有用于与相邻的椎体连接的连接表面。要与下部假体盖板连接的头侧椎体盖板具有大体上的矩形形状。它们大体上是平的，并且，在侧面通过边缘锯齿形界定。尾侧椎体盖板在腹面边缘具有牛角形突出，即所谓的椎骨钩突区。在安装假体之前，必须将它们除去。同样有利的是，预期支承在假体上的椎体表面可以加工，以便使它们适应假体的连接表面。
所提到的已知假体的连接表面是圆形形状的。由于所述椎体的端板具有大体上的矩形形状，它的宽度明显大于它沿前后方向的尺寸，它们没有采用天然存在的表面的大小来进行力传递。因此，在假体的连接表面和椎体的支承表面之间，存在比如果所述表面能更好利用的话更大的力。对于预期用于脊柱腰段的椎间盘内置假体来说，空间的最佳利用是通过使用椭圆形假体轮廓(WO0101893，EP-B-471821，EP-A-747025)或肾形结构(EP-A-747025)实现的，因为椎体的盖板具有椭圆形至肾形形状。矩形假体形状同样是公知的(US-A-5425773)。
与关节状椎间盘假体不同，所谓的框架被用于将相邻的椎体彼此以不可活动的方式连接在一起，以便它们随后能够直接彼此融合。它们所占据的空间，在这一方面不会发生任何作用。在很多场合下，足以使用框架，它仅占据椎体宽度的一小部分。在其他场合下，业已了解使用框架，它有意地或无意地穿过椎间空间。因此，有关框架的现有技术研究(EP-B-179695，WO97/20526，US-A-2001/0016774，WO01/91686，WO90/00037)，不能提供解决关节状椎间假体的合适结构的问题的任何方案。
本发明的目的是提供关节内置假体，用于取代脊柱颈段的椎间盘，它尽可能最佳地利用空间。因为椎体连接表面大体上是矩形的，同样大体上为矩形或椭圆形或椭圆形的假体的连接表面首先看上去是最合适的。不过，本发明业已认识到更好和更可靠的结果是使用具有盖板的颈椎间盘假体获得的，盖板具有用于与椎体连接的连接表面，两个连接表面中的至少一个，但优选两个连接表面的背外侧边界距离环绕盖板的边缘的一个假想矩形的相应相邻的背面拐角具有一个最小距离，该最小距离大于相邻的腹面拐角与连接表面的前侧的边缘的距离。
在从腹面方向对假体的椎体支承表面进行整形时，主刀外科医生必须保持距离脊髓管的安全距离。在对支承表面的背外侧拐角处进行整形时，这是特别实用的，在这里，视觉控制比在后背中央部分更困难。这意味着，在椎体盖板的背外侧拐角处，可能留下骨骼材料，它会突出超过椎体的加工过的支承表面。如果人们使用矩形假体的话，有可能不能完全将它插入椎间空间，因为它的背部拐角可能卡在业已留下的骨骼材料上。如果假体拐角是圆形的话，所述情况不会更有利。假体可能在腹面突出超过椎体，并且，可能导致对位于那里的食道或大型血管的刺激。根据本发明，假体连接表面的缩进避免了背外侧拐角，并因此避免了这种缺陷。相反，所述连接表面在它们的前外侧部分的表面大小保持不变。
通过参考限制连接表面边界与假想矩形的拐角点的距离，能够最好地描述本发明的措施，所述矩形环绕盖板。在这里，假设与盖板的周向轮廓相切的所述矩形的侧面平行于矢状平面延伸，或与矢状平面垂直。在这种场合下，只有为安装二设在椎间空间中的部分被视为盖板。例如，如果腹面凸缘与盖板连接的话，且在植入状态位于椎体的腹面端面前面，它在构建假想矩形时不被认为是盖板的一部分。
所述连接表面的边界与所述假想矩形的背面拐角的最小距离优选是与腹面拐角的最小距离的至少1.3倍，更优选至少1.5倍，更优选至少2倍。优选假定，所述盖板的宽度大于它的前后方向的尺寸，通常比例为1.1-1.6，优选1.2-1.4。
一般，两个假体盖板的连接表面是根据本发明进行设计的。不过，有时候在两个连接表面上的一个上完成就够了，特别是在下面一个上完成。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中，所述假体盖板的边缘延伸超过对应的连接表面的背外侧边界。这样，所述盖板，假体核和在盖板上或假体核上相互作用的连接或滑动表面具有最佳尺寸，尽管所述连接表面具有缩进的性质。因此，例如，所述部分大体上被设计成具有圆形拐角的矩形形状。
连接表面的背外侧后面边界与延伸更远的边缘之间的过渡部分，是以倾斜的过渡表面形式出现的。它能够直接与所述连接表面相连。这种结构的优点是，如果合适的话，所述过渡表面同样能参与力的传递，即与业已留在背外侧部位并且突出超过椎体的加工的支承表面的骨骼部分接触。所述过渡表面的截面可以是直的，突出圆形的或者甚至是阶梯形的。
术语背外侧表示从盖板的侧面到背面的过渡部分。根据本发明，连接表面的缩进因此不仅仅局限于背部或侧面部位，而是包括这两个部位的区段。术语缩进与盖板的标准形状相关，它的前部和后部大体上是沿中央横向轴线对称的。连接表面的边界是相对该标准形状缩进的。在有疑问的场合下，所述标准形状是盖板的前外侧形状，关于中间横向轴线向后对称。如果盖板具有突出超过连接表面边界的边缘，所述边缘不会突出比标准轮廓更远，所述连接表面的边界的缩进，还可是与该边缘的轮廓。
从侧面看，所述连接表面的边界缩进的区段大体上延伸在连接表面前后尺寸的至少1/3上。从背面方向看，该区段大体上延伸在连接表面相应两侧的至少大约1/4的宽度上。如果连接表面在背板边缘的中央区段没有相对后者缩进，或缩进的程度小于背外侧部位的话可能是有利的。该中间区段优选延伸在连接表面宽度的至少1/4上。
在盖板侧面的腹面1/3上，所述连接表面的边界优选是不缩进的。所述连接表面边缘的略微圆形在这里不予考虑。所述连接表面边界的缩进优选，在它最接近假想环绕限定的矩形的背面拐角处是最大的。这样，所述连接表面的缩进边界，具有大体上的直线型形状。
在连接表面的缩进边界和突出超过它的边缘之间的高度差最大的地方，高度差应当至少为大约1毫米。
下面将结合附图对本发明作更详细的说明，它示出了优选的说明性实施方案：
图1和2表示完整假体的透视图，
图3-4表示从背面、侧面和尾部方向看所述假体的示意图，
图6-8表示过渡表面的不同形状，
图9表示另一种实施方案的俯示图，和
图10表示连接表面和边缘轮廓的放大图。
图1-8所示假体包括两个盖板1和假体核2。两个盖板之一的内侧可以提供用于保持假体核2，而另一个盖板与假体核构成了，例如，球形滑动表面3。在每一个盖板的腹面边缘，有凸缘4，它的背面5用于支承在椎体的腹面上。所述凸缘可以具有固定装置，例如，螺纹孔6。每一个假体盖板具有连接表面10，用于支承在相关的椎体盖板上，或支承在通过对椎体整形产生的支承表面上，所述连接表面10大体上平行于盖板的主延伸平面延伸。它大体上是平的，不过，还可以具有小的弯曲。它具有齿13和/或其他装置，用于将它固定地连接在骨骼上，例如，具有生物活性涂层。
每一个盖板是由边缘14环绕的，它大体上垂直于连接表面10，并且，在本发明中被称作边缘。边缘14限定了盖板的周向轮廓，它具有长形形状，可以被表示成椭圆形或具有圆形拐角的矩形。在图10中，它同样用标记14表示。假体核心2具有相同的周向轮廓。盖板1的前后厚度尺寸11小于它的宽度尺寸12，特别是，例如，比例为3∶4。业已证实有用的厚度的例子为15毫米，宽度为20毫米。它的长度适合所述椎体盖板，并且略小于椎体盖板，以便所述假体装配在椎体的，并且在加工的椎间隙中。如果合适的话，可以提供不同尺寸类型的假体。盖板1优选是用金属制成的，而核2是用聚乙烯制成的。
盖板1或边缘14的轮廓具有腹面15，背面16和侧面17和18。在它们之间延伸有前后厚度尺寸11，和宽度尺寸12，在图10中，它们是作为假想矩形21的侧边表示的，所述矩形环绕并且接触所述盖板或所述边缘的轮廓。在这里仅考虑盖板1位于凸缘表面5后面的部分，因为只与所述在椎间隙中的部分的尺寸相关。
在腹面15和侧面17、18的腹面1/2上，连接表面10的边界采用边缘14的轮廓。它们没有必要是确切相应的，因为可能出现圆形或斜角形式的略微的偏差。偏差的宽度通常小于宽度尺寸12的3％。
在在本文中称之为背外侧区的从侧面17，18到边缘腹面16的过渡区，连接表面10的边界24的区段23不遵循边缘14，而是相对后者缩进。在俯示图上，缩进的最大程度为大约2-5毫米，通常在2.5-3.5毫米的数量级上。与周向矩形21的拐角29的最小距离28比宽度尺寸12大13％，优选大15％，优选大18％。在业已证实有用的说明性实施方案中，它略微超过该宽度的20％。
边界24相对边缘14的缩进，是通过在边界24和边缘之间提供倾斜的过渡表面25获得的。由于该过渡表面相对连接表面的平面升高了，在它下面获得了空间，用于容纳在对椎体表面整形时业已留在背外侧部位中的骨骼部分。可以理解的是，该空间必须具有适合这一目的的高度。在连接表面和边缘14之间的最大高度差位置处该高度应当至少为1毫米。例如，过渡表面25可以是突出圆形的(图6)或者具有直的轮廓(图7)。它还可以切割成阶梯形(图8)。
在所示例子的侧视图中，边界24相对边缘14的轮廓25缩进的区段2 3占厚度尺寸11的大约2/3，并且，优选不少于它的1/3。在前1/3中，所述盖板的轮廓不会偏离连接表面的边界。在这里，不考虑所述边缘的略微的圆形形状。
从背面方向上看(图3)，连接表面的边界24的缩进向中央减少。在背面16的中央区段22，边缘14实际上不突出超过边界24。该中央区段的长度优选占宽度尺寸12的1/10-1/3。
连接表面10的边界24在背外侧部位的缩进区段23具有大体上直线的延长部分。如果人们将它与同该区段的端点彼此连接在一起的直线形部分比较的话，它几乎不偏离这一部分。任何偏差都远远低于该部分长度的1/10。所述部分的端点位于以下点上，即在点上，连接表面的边界24从边缘14的偏差延伸超过以其他的边缘圆形的程度。
边界24在背外侧部位偏离边缘14大体上占盖板宽度12的10％，并且应当不低于5％。
连接表面在背外侧部分的边界的缩进——相当于上面所提供的解释——同样在图9的实施方案中示出，它与图1-8所示实施方案的差别在于，边缘14没有延伸超过连接表面的边界。在图1-8和图10中所示出的示意性实施方案的说明，可相应应用于该说明性实施方案，所不同的是，在背外侧部分的连接表面的边界部分不与边缘14相当，而是与盖板前外侧边缘14的部分14’相当，该部分向后关于中央横向轴线21对称。
图10表示连接表面的边界在前外侧部位和背外侧部位的不同的部分，参见假想矩形21的拐角。应当指出的是，背面拐角点29与边界线条24的最小距离28约为前面拐角点27的相应的最小距离26的3倍。通常应当为至少1.5倍。

Claims (8)

1.具有盖板(1)的颈椎间盘假体，盖板具有用于与椎体连接的连接表面(10)，其特征在于，连接表面(10)的背外侧边界(24)距离环绕盖板(1)的边缘(14)的一个假想矩形(21)的相应相邻的背面拐角(29)具有一个最小距离(28)，该最小距离大于相邻的腹面拐角(27)与连接表面的前侧的边缘(14)的距离，连接表面(10)的边界(24)相对于盖板(1)的边缘(14)缩进，连接表面(10)的相对于边缘(14)缩进的边界(24)通过倾斜的过渡表面(25)与边缘(14)连接。
2.如权利要求1的椎间盘假体，其特征在于，连接表面(10)的边界(24)距离背面拐角(29)的最小距离(28)至少是该边界与腹面拐角(27)的最小距离(26)的1.3倍。
3.如权利要求1的椎间盘假体，其特征在于盖板(1)的宽度(12)与盖板的前后厚度(11)的比例为1.1-1.6。
4.如权利要求1的椎间盘假体，其特征在于，在背面部位(16)的中央，连接表面(10)的边界(24)比边缘(14)缩进的小，或没有缩进。
5.如权利要求1-4之一的椎间盘假体，其特征在于，连接表面(10)在它的前后范围(11)的腹面1/3部分的边界(24)没有相对边缘(14)缩进。
6.如权利要求1-4之一的椎间盘假体，其特征在于，连接表面(10)的边界(24)在背外侧部位相对边缘(14)缩进的区段(23)至少延伸在边界的前后范围(11)的1/3上。
7.如权利要求1-4之一的椎间盘假体，其特征在于，连接表面(10)的边界(24)在它的相对边缘(14)缩进的区段(23)上大体上是直线形的。
8.如权利要求1-4之一的椎间盘假体，其特征在于连接表面(10)的缩进边界(24)和边缘(14)之间的高度差至少为1毫米。
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US20060195189A1 (en) 2006-08-31
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CA2519925A1 (en) 2004-10-21
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AU2004228908A1 (en) 2004-10-21
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EP1610730A1 (de) 2006-01-04
EP1610731A1 (de) 2006-01-04
WO2004089258A1 (de) 2004-10-21
JP2006521845A (ja) 2006-09-28
WO2004089259A1 (de) 2004-10-21
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