Hakan Pettersson
Linköping University, Radiation Physics IMH, Department Member
Denna bok beskriver hur man ska hantera den svara uppgiften att bedriva sjukvard pa effektivast mojliga satt i alla de olika typer av situationer dar det akuta vardbehovet overstiger vad som kan kl ...
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This article describes an ongoing interdisciplinary project involving both the natural and social sciences. Based on the intact chronology of the layers in a peat bog, students create a history of pollution after WWII, for several toxic... more
This article describes an ongoing interdisciplinary project involving both the natural and social sciences. Based on the intact chronology of the layers in a peat bog, students create a history of pollution after WWII, for several toxic elements. Within this project the students collect samples which are analysed for; As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Zn, and 137Cs. Caesium is used to roughly date emissions. The results allow students to gain a holistic picture of the mechanisms underlying airborne pollution. The project is comprehensive and involves several school subjects, that normally are separated. The student’s task is to explain the time-related changes in pollution for one of the above-mentioned elements in a scientific report. The students’ report must also explain, when possible, the underlying political mechanisms or other factors, for the change in pollution. The finding of the above-mentioned elements in the local environment promotes discussions about the human impact on the environment. Most importantly, the results show that it is possible to change emission patterns in the future to achieve a better environment.
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Detailed investigations of the aerial dispersion of radioactive dust from the biggest open-pit U mining and milling operation in Australia were carried out. Spatial distributions of the long-lived radionuclides of 238U series and their... more
Detailed investigations of the aerial dispersion of radioactive dust from the biggest open-pit U mining and milling operation in Australia were carried out. Spatial distributions of the long-lived radionuclides of 238U series and their origin, i.e., mining and milling operations vs. natural background radiation, have been studied. Horizontal flux, dry deposition, and ground resuspension of the radionuclides were investigated along a 50-km transect in the direction of the prevailing monsoonal winds in the region. The study was performed by means of unconventional "sticky vinyl" passive dust collectors, occasionally supported by high-volume air filter samplers. The data from the flux measurements show an inverse square to inverse cubic dependence, and the dry deposition exhibits an inverse square dependence, of radionuclide load vs. distance. The pit has been the predominant contributor of long-lived U series radionuclides to the environment within the radius of several kilometers from the operations. An aerial dispersion computer code (LUCIFER), based on a Gaussian plume model, was developed for the project. Experimental data were used as the code input data. Good agreement between the measured data and the normalized computed results was obtained.
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Scalp hair is evaluated and compared with urine as a potential biomonitor following inhalation intake of uranium. The samples were collected among eight workers at a nuclear fuel fabrication factor ...
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ABSTRACT Detailed investigations of the aerial dispersion of radionulcides from a Swedish nuclear fuel fabrication facility have been carried out. Spatial distributions of uranium isotopes and their origin (fuel fabrication operations... more
ABSTRACT Detailed investigations of the aerial dispersion of radionulcides from a Swedish nuclear fuel fabrication facility have been carried out. Spatial distributions of uranium isotopes and their origin (fuel fabrication operations versus natural background radiation) have been studied. Air concentrations and combined dry/wet depositions of radionuclides were investigated during a one-year period along a 6 km transect using high-volume air filter samplers and funnel collectors. Biological samples such as moss, grass, wheat and spruce needles were also occasionally investigated to study their potentiality as indicators of airborne radionuclides. The data demonstrate clearly enhanced activity ratios (AR) of 234U/238U (3–4) and 235U/238U (0.15-0.20) for both air (1 m above the ground) and ground level deposition close to the discharge point (100–300 m) and thereafter a monotonic decrease to natural activity ratios. Analysis of biological samples shows that wheat and spruce needles reproduce the activity ratio distributions and are excellent indicators of the airborne uranium release. Source-related concentrations of 234U and 235U exceed natural concentrations up to 3 km from the discharge point, but the dose contributions to members of the public compared to doses from the natural background radiation are small (<1%)
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Uranium aerosol exposure can be a health risk factor for workers in the nuclear fuel industry. Good knowledge about aerosol dissolution and absorption characteristics in the gastrointestinal tract is imperative for solid dose assessments... more
Uranium aerosol exposure can be a health risk factor for workers in the nuclear fuel industry. Good knowledge about aerosol dissolution and absorption characteristics in the gastrointestinal tract is imperative for solid dose assessments and risk management. In this study, an in vitro dissolution model of the GI tract was used to experimentally study solubility of size-fractionated aerosols. The aerosols were collected from four major workshops in a nuclear fuel fabrication plant where uranium compounds such as uranium hexafluoride (UF6), uranium dioxide (UO2), ammonium uranyl carbonate, AUC [UO2CO3·2(NH4)2CO3] and triuranium octoxide (U3O8) are present. The alimentary tract transfer factor, fA, was estimated for the aerosols sampled in the study. The transfer factor was derived from the dissolution in the small intestine in combination with data on absorption of soluble uranium. Results from the conversion workshop indicated a fA in line with what is recommended (0.004) by the ICRP...
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Inhalation exposure to uranium aerosols can be a concern in nuclear fuel fabrication. The ICRP provides default absorption parameters for various uranium compounds but also recommends determination of material-specific absorption... more
Inhalation exposure to uranium aerosols can be a concern in nuclear fuel fabrication. The ICRP provides default absorption parameters for various uranium compounds but also recommends determination of material-specific absorption parameters to improve dose calculations for individuals exposed to airborne radioactivity. Aerosol particle size influences internal dosimetry calculations in two potentially significant ways: the efficiency of particle deposition in the various regions of the respiratory tract is dependent on aerodynamic particle size, and the dissolution rate of deposited materials can vary according to particle size, shape, and porosity because smaller particles tend to have higher surface-to-volume ratios than larger particles. However, the ICRP model assumes that deposited particles of a given material dissolve at the same rate regardless of size and that uptake to blood of dissolved material normally occurs instantaneously in all parts of the lung (except the anterior...
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239+240Pu concentrations and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in bottom sediments of the Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, East Sea (Sea of Japan), Sea of Okhotsk, and Northwest Pacific Ocean were determined. In coastal sediments near the Korean... more
239+240Pu concentrations and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in bottom sediments of the Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, East Sea (Sea of Japan), Sea of Okhotsk, and Northwest Pacific Ocean were determined. In coastal sediments near the Korean Peninsula, 239+240Pu concentrations varied from 0.02 to 1.72 Bq.kg-1, and their 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios from 0.15 to 0.24, with an average of 0.20±0.03. 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios of bottom sediments in the deep NW Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas (East, Okhotsk seas) were in the range of 0.15-0.23. A little elevated 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the bottom layer sediment may be due to Pu released into the environment during the pre-moratorium period, having high 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios and low 238Pu/239+240Pu activity ratios.
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ABSTRACT The aerosol size distribution in 11 dwellings was measured using an electrical mobility analyser (TSI 3030). Large variations in the aerosol concentration, e.g. in connection with cooking and smoking were detected both within a... more
ABSTRACT The aerosol size distribution in 11 dwellings was measured using an electrical mobility analyser (TSI 3030). Large variations in the aerosol concentration, e.g. in connection with cooking and smoking were detected both within a single dwelling and between different dwellings. A typical size distribution shows an area median diameter of 0.2 �m with a geometrical standard deviation of about 2. Variations in the particle size distribution were observed, e.g. cooking decreases the median size of the particles whilst smoking increases the size. Through a modification of the TSI 3030 the activity of the radon daughters distributed on different particle sizes can be assessed. Measurements were performed both in the laboratory and in a dwelling showing an activity distribution close to the particle area distribution. Large variations in the unattached fraction of radon daughters due to variations in the aerosol concentration of the dwelling were observed.
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ABSTRACT The theory of time dependent radon diffusion transport has several implications on exhalation measurement techniques. It is shown that a one dimensional theory is applicable to samples in containers if the wall of the container... more
ABSTRACT The theory of time dependent radon diffusion transport has several implications on exhalation measurement techniques. It is shown that a one dimensional theory is applicable to samples in containers if the wall of the container is non absorbant. A reshaping of the internal radon concentration within the sample is responsible for the transfer from free to bound exhalation upon closing the container. The reshaping time is defined as the time taken to reach steady state exhalation. Examples are given where the reshaping times are so short that the steady state bound exhalation completely dominates the radon concentration growth in the outer volume. In such cases the mean exhalation rate during the first hours may be a gross underestimation of the free exhalation rate. As the steady state exhalation rate depends on the air leakage rate of the container, the leakage term must be known. It is stressed that the concept of 'back diffusion' is applicable only in the description of how the bound steady state exhalation diminishes with decreasing outer air volume in an enclosure.
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... Further on, two different dose models (RESRAD-BIOTA 2004) and the ERICA tool (ERICA 2007) were used to study how the ... of phantom material, varying soil parameters, and the heterogenic char-acter of contamination, for the measured... more
... Further on, two different dose models (RESRAD-BIOTA 2004) and the ERICA tool (ERICA 2007) were used to study how the ... of phantom material, varying soil parameters, and the heterogenic char-acter of contamination, for the measured doses (Stark and Pettersson 2008). ...
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To verify the diagnosis of coeliac disease in childhood, three consecutive small intestinal biopsies are performed under fluoroscopic control. To assess the amount of radiation dose absorbed during biopsy, dose measurements were performed... more
To verify the diagnosis of coeliac disease in childhood, three consecutive small intestinal biopsies are performed under fluoroscopic control. To assess the amount of radiation dose absorbed during biopsy, dose measurements were performed both in patients and in a phantom model. These measurements were used for a theoretical assessment of cancer risk and shortening of life due to radiation exposure. The cancer excess lifetime mortality risk (CELMR) was 0.001, i.e. 1 case per 1000 children with a diagnosis of coeliac disease. The loss of life expectancy after three small intestinal biopsies in childhood was approximately 15% of the risk due to lifetime exposure to natural background radiation. These results should be compared with the reported increased risk of malignancy for undiagnosed coeliac disease in adult age. Although the exccss risk of the biopsies was small, all efforts should be made to use a technique and equipment giving the least radiation dose.
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Research Interests: Environmental Science, International Cooperation, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Far East, and 15 moreformer Soviet Union, Seawater, Contamination, Russian Federation, Republic of Korea, Radiation Monitoring, Radionuclide, Radioactive contamination, Pacific ocean, Dumping, Radioisotopes, PLUTONIUM, Radioactive waste, Oceans and Seas, and Biogeochemical Cycle
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Research Interests: Geology, Groundwater, Medicine, Sweden, Humans, and 15 moreRadon, AQUIFER, Indoor air pollution, Radiometry, Radionuclide, Thorium, Polonium, Public health systems and services research, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Radioisotopes, Radium, Geologic Sediments, Bedrock, and Statistics as Topic
A national study was performed to investigate radiation doses and associated risks to patients during X-ray fluoroscopy-guided small intestinal biopsies in the investigation of coeliac disease. Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) and... more
A national study was performed to investigate radiation doses and associated risks to patients during X-ray fluoroscopy-guided small intestinal biopsies in the investigation of coeliac disease. Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) and questionnaires were sent to 42 of the 43 paediatric departments in Sweden performing these biopsies. During the study period (2 x 3 weeks) 257 biopsies were recorded, representing about 10% of annually performed paediatric investigations. The results show that the absorbed dose during biopsy ranged from 0.04 mGy to 23.8 mGy (mean 1.87 mGy). The fluoroscopy time ranged from 2 s to 663 s (mean 60 s). The collective dose from the procedure amounts to 4.7 manSv year(-1). Thus, the annual excess cancer mortality, including severe hereditary effects, can be estimated at 0.6-0.7 cases per year. However, significant dose saving can be obtained by proper choice of sedation and biopsy equipment.
Research Interests: Adolescent, Medicine, Biopsy, Humans, Child, and 15 moreCeliac Disease, Fluoroscopy, Infant, Life Expectancy, Clinical Sciences, Radiation Exposure, Radiation Dose, Analysis of Variance, Cost Benefit Analysis, Clinical Competence, Cell Proliferation, Point of View, Coeliac Disease, Conscious Sedation, and Child preschool
For assessment of external radiation doses to frogs in a wetland area contaminated with (137)Cs, frog phantoms were constructed from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The frog phantoms contained thermoluminescence (TL) chips and were used... more
For assessment of external radiation doses to frogs in a wetland area contaminated with (137)Cs, frog phantoms were constructed from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The frog phantoms contained thermoluminescence (TL) chips and were used in situ at two study sites to measure doses. To test if higher doses are received by the sensitive skin of frogs, extra-thin TL chips were applied close to the surface of the frog phantoms. In addition, the measured doses were compared with those calculated on the basis of soil sample data from the wetland multiplied with dose-conversion coefficients from the US Department of Energy's RESRAD-BIOTA code and from the ERICA assessment tool. Measured doses were generally lower than those calculated to ellipsoids used to model frogs. Higher doses were measured at the frog phantoms' surfaces in comparison to inner parts at one of the two sites indicating that the frogs' thin skin could receive a higher radiation dose than expected. In the efforts to assure protection of non-human biota, in situ measurements with phantoms provide valuable dose information and input to dose models in site-specific risk assessments of areas contaminated with radionuclides.
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Risk assessment, Medicine, Sweden, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreComputer Simulation, Animals, In situ, Power Plants, Chip, Radiation Dose, Radionuclide, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Ranidae, Risk Assessment, Assessment Tool, Biota, Department of Energy, Environmental Exposure, and Biophysik
... Karlsson, Stefan (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Düker, Anders (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Allard, Bert (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Pettersson, Håkan. Title:... more
... Karlsson, Stefan (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Düker, Anders (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Allard, Bert (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Pettersson, Håkan. Title: Failure of 137Cs and 239/240Pu dating of lake ...
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Investigations of radon in natural water and its relation to physical and chemical parameters are outlined in this thesis. In particular, a method for measuring 222Rn in water at low concentrations (~20 mBq.l-1) is described, followed by... more
Investigations of radon in natural water and its relation to physical and chemical parameters are outlined in this thesis. In particular, a method for measuring 222Rn in water at low concentrations (~20 mBq.l-1) is described, followed by discussions concerning the design and its application to study both radon and parameters influencing radon levels in natural waters. A topic considered is the impact of fluoride and other aquatic parameters on radon in water. Moreover, variables such as uranium series radionuclides and stable elements in water, bedrock and sediment radioactivity and geology are investigated in two case studies. This was performed by employing radiometric-, chemical-, statistical- and GIS & geostatistical- analyses. The general water chemistry and presence of some elements such as fluoride was observed to influence radon levels in water. Health aspects of radon in drinking water are discussed based on radiation dose assessments. The radiation doses are compared with and added to doses incurred from ingestion of uranium, radium and polonium isotopes in drinking water and inhalation of radon in air in order to estimate total exposures for different age categories. The results may have a potential for future epidemiological studies.
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RadiaDroid is an Android application that simulates the portable radiation detector Intensimeter 28 civ. and uses virtual radioactive sources, defined by GPS coordinates, radionuclide and activity. The trainees load a scenario and search... more
RadiaDroid is an Android application that simulates the portable radiation detector Intensimeter 28 civ. and uses virtual radioactive sources, defined by GPS coordinates, radionuclide and activity. The trainees load a scenario and search the exercise area for radioactivity. The locations of sources and safety perimeters are reported. Creation of scenarios is possible in the application, but is facilitated in a PC tool that also presents the reports and the dose to the trainee.
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As a complement to the training of first responders in their preparedness for accidents and incidents involving radiation, a radiac simulation, called RadiaX, was developed. RadiaX has a threefold purpose; to teach (i) the handling of... more
As a complement to the training of first responders in their preparedness for accidents and incidents involving radiation, a radiac simulation, called RadiaX, was developed. RadiaX has a threefold purpose; to teach (i) the handling of specific instruments, (ii) the proper procedures in missions and (iii) basic principles in radiation physics and radiation protection. The simulation is developed as a modification of Half-Life 2, a famous computer game.
Research Interests: Medicine and Preparedness
Realistic and reliable dose models are required to estimate the radiological risks to non-human biota, in regions contaminated by radioactivity. To facilitate detailed dose calculations, a graphica ...
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Investigations of radon in natural water and its relation to physical and chemical parameters are outlined in this thesis. In particular, a method for measuring 222Rn in water at low concentrations (~20 mBq.l-1) is described, followed by... more
Investigations of radon in natural water and its relation to physical and chemical parameters are outlined in this thesis. In particular, a method for measuring 222Rn in water at low concentrations (~20 mBq.l-1) is described, followed by discussions concerning the design and its application to study both radon and parameters influencing radon levels in natural waters. A topic considered is the impact of fluoride and other aquatic parameters on radon in water. Moreover, variables such as uranium series radionuclides and stable elements in water, bedrock and sediment radioactivity and geology are investigated in two case studies. This was performed by employing radiometric-, chemical-, statistical- and GIS & geostatistical- analyses. The general water chemistry and presence of some elements such as fluoride was observed to influence radon levels in water. Health aspects of radon in drinking water are discussed based on radiation dose assessments. The radiation doses are compared with and added to doses incurred from ingestion of uranium, radium and polonium isotopes in drinking water and inhalation of radon in air in order to estimate total exposures for different age categories. The results may have a potential for future epidemiological studies.
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... Create reference ». Author: Allard, Bert (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Karlsson, Stefan. Greis, Christina (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Pettersson, Håkan. Düker, Anders. Title:... more
... Create reference ». Author: Allard, Bert (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Karlsson, Stefan. Greis, Christina (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Pettersson, Håkan. Düker, Anders. Title: Redistribution pf Pu, Am, Cs and Np in salt marsh sediment ...
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... Karlsson, Stefan (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Düker, Anders (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Allard, Bert (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Pettersson, Håkan. Title:... more
... Karlsson, Stefan (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Düker, Anders (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Allard, Bert (Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences). Pettersson, Håkan. Title: Failure of 137Cs and 239/240Pu dating of lake ...
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With an unmanned helicopter (UAS), known as drones, equipped with a gamma spectrometer, one can achieve both a high spatial resolution and good range, and be able to approach a radioactive source closely. Linkoping University, Sweden, is... more
With an unmanned helicopter (UAS), known as drones, equipped with a gamma spectrometer, one can achieve both a high spatial resolution and good range, and be able to approach a radioactive source closely. Linkoping University, Sweden, is proposing a microdrone system that will fill a gap between man-portable measurement systems and full-sized airborne systems, complementing the car-driven measurement systems. The system may play a unique role in many of our contingency scenarios in terms of accessibility, versatility, efficiency, and is advantageous from the viewpoint of radiation protection as it can be controlled at a safe distance.
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ABSTRACT The design and calibration of a small and simple instrument for measuring the ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), in photon fields is described. Comprising a thermoluminescence LiF dosemeter inside a 20 mm diameter PMMA sphere, it... more
ABSTRACT The design and calibration of a small and simple instrument for measuring the ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), in photon fields is described. Comprising a thermoluminescence LiF dosemeter inside a 20 mm diameter PMMA sphere, it is capable of measuring the ambient dose equivalent with a nearly isotropic response. In the interval 0.1-100 mSv and for the energy range 30 keV to 1.25 MeV the energy response is within -31% and +15% relative to that of 137Cs gamma radiation (662 keV). In practical use, it is therefore sufficient to calibrate the instrument in a 137Cs gamma field using the corresponding conversion coefficient H*(10)/Kair taken from tabulations. The possibility of using the instrument to monitor the ambient dose equivalent for energies above 1.25 MeV is discussed and indicates that the range of applicability can be extended to 4.4 MeV with an energy response within -10% relative to 662 keV.
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The pure alpha emitter 148Gd may have a significant radiological impact in terms of internal dose to exposed humans in case of accidental releases from a spallation source using a tungsten target, such as the one to be used in the... more
The pure alpha emitter 148Gd may have a significant radiological impact in terms of internal dose to exposed humans in case of accidental releases from a spallation source using a tungsten target, such as the one to be used in the European Spallation Source (ESS). In this work we aim to present an approach to indirectly estimate the whole-body burden of 148Gd and the associated committed effective dose in exposed humans, by means of high-resolution gamma spectrometry of the gamma-emitting radiogadolinium isotopes 146Gd and 153Gd that are accompanied by 148Gd generated from the operation of the tungsten target. Theoretical minimum detectable whole-body activity (MDA) and associated internal doses from 148Gd are calculated using a combination of existing biokinetic models and recent computer simulation studies on the generated isotope ratios of 146Gd/148Gd and 153Gd/148Gd in the ESS target. Of the two gamma-emitting gadolinium isotopes, 146Gd is initially the most sensitive indicator ...
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IAEA-MEL participated in five expeditions to the Kara Sea with the aim of assessing the radiological consequences of dumped radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya Bays and Trough. The programme included sampling, in-situ underwater... more
IAEA-MEL participated in five expeditions to the Kara Sea with the aim of assessing the radiological consequences of dumped radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya Bays and Trough. The programme included sampling, in-situ underwater investigations, laboratory analyses of water, ...