Brooke Rogers
King's College London, War Studies, Faculty Member
- Psychology, CBRN Terrorism, Risk Perception, Risk communication, Behaviour, Identity (Culture), and 19 moreExtreme events, Emergency Response,Recovery and Preparedness, War Studies, Social Psychology, Public Health, Resilience, Mass gathering CBRNE preparedness, CBRNE response, Extremism, Radicalisation, Terrorism, Political Violence and Terrorism, Counter terrorism, International Terrorism, Cyber Terrorism, Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism, Counter-terrorism, and Policing Intelligence and Counter Terrorismedit
- Dr. Brooke Rogers is a Reader in Risk and Terror in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London where she ... moreDr. Brooke Rogers is a Reader in Risk and Terror in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London where she co-directs the MA in Terrorism, Security and Society. Dr. Rogers is a social psychologist interested in risk and crisis communication, perceptions of risk, and health outcomes in response to extreme events. The majority of her projects investigate public and practitioner responses to chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) terrorist incidents (i.e. Home Office, PIRATE, CIE Toolkit, PRACTICE and Deloitte). Others, such as the EPSRC/ESRC funded projects, Safer Spaces, investigate the public acceptability of counter terror technologies, communication and activities in public spaces, while Resilient Futures focuses on protecting the critical national infrastructure.
Dr. Rogers is the Chair of the Cabinet Office Behavioural Science Expert Group (BSEG). She maintains membership on the Cabinet Office (CCS) Community Resilience Programme Steering Group and Practitioner Guidance Advisory Group, the Health Protection Agency Emergency Response Development Group’s Psychosocial and Behavioural Issues Sub-Group, the Greater London Authority London Resilience Academic Partnership, and the Royal Society Advisory Committee on Scientific Aspects of International Security. She has been involved in teaching and training for NATO, the IAEA, Home Office, MOD, Metropolitan Police, Police National CBRN Centre, Department of Homeland Security, Local Authority Prevent co-ordinators and others. She enjoys membership on the editorial boards for the journals, Resilience: International Policy, Practices and Discourses, and Mental Health, Religion and Culture.edit
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Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but public guidance about marauding terrorist firearms attacks is inconsistent. Following terrorist attacks involving mass shootings in Paris, France in November... more
Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but public guidance about marauding terrorist firearms attacks is inconsistent. Following terrorist attacks involving mass shootings in Paris, France in November 2015, the UK police released a ‘Stay Safe’ film and leaflet that advises the public to ‘Run, Hide, Tell’ in the event of a firearms or weapons attack. However, in 2018 the Norwegian security authorities released different guidance, advising the public to ‘Run’, ‘Hide’, and if no other choice ‘Fight’. While it is possible that following guidance to ‘fight’ may have saved lives during the 2019 Baerum mosque attack, this advice may also encourage risky behaviours. Conversely, current UK guidance has been shown to encourage protective behaviours but may also discourage people from taking action that could minimise the overall number of casualties. The purpose of the research presented here was to assess the degree to which the different guidance encour...
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The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York City on September 11, 2001 (9/11) signalled a step-change in the world of terrorist research, resulting in attempts to develop comprehensive, flexible psychological, sociological... more
The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York City on September 11, 2001 (9/11) signalled a step-change in the world of terrorist research, resulting in attempts to develop comprehensive, flexible psychological, sociological and political theories capable of explaining terrorist behaviour in a number of different cultures and settings. Despite this apparent 'step change', terrorism was still primarily understood by the Western world in terms of a threat originating outside Western borders (Danieli et al. 2005; Taylor and ...
Research Interests: Criminology, Psychology, Social Psychology, Criminal Law, Terrorism, and 15 moreInternational Criminal Law, Juvenile Justice, Organized Crime, Crime Prevention, Transnational Crime, Radicalisation, Drugs, Corruption, Traffic, International Crimes, Psychology of Terrorism, Global Crime, Routledge, Measures of Prevention, and Trafficking Human Beings
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In recent years, a series of large-scale, high-profile natural disasters and terrorist attacks have demonstrated the need for thorough and effective disaster preparedness. While these extreme events affect communities and societies as a... more
In recent years, a series of large-scale, high-profile natural disasters and terrorist attacks have demonstrated the need for thorough and effective disaster preparedness. While these extreme events affect communities and societies as a whole, they also carry specific risks for particular population groups. Crises such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan have illustrated the risk of significant and disproportionate morbidity and mortality among older adults during disasters. Age does not necessarily equate to vulnerability, but many physical and psychological consequences of the aging process can increase the risk of adverse outcomes. As the older population grows, so too does the need to ensure that adequate, practical, and appropriate measures exist to offset the specific risks from extreme events associated with this subpopulation. Effective risk and crisis communication plays a key role in mitigating the extent to which older adults are dif...
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Research Interests: Communication, Political Participation, Risk Governance, Governance, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and 9 moreParticipation, Environmental Politics, Nuclear Energy, Civil Society, Public Private Partnerships, Energy Politics, Partnership, Stakeholder Engagement, and Politics and International relations
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""The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political... more
""The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political rhetoric and practice targeted at preventing terrorism. As we sit in the middle of an ongoing economic crisis, socio-economic issues have been forced into the limelight. At first glance, the global financial crisis has certainly brought about distinctive conditions. These include: i) A widespread lack of economic growth, ii) youth unemployment rates of over 50% in countries like Spain and Greece increasing levels of anti-austerity unrest across Europe, and iii) rumours of contingency plans to restrict immigration in countries in the event of a financial collapse. Does the current socio-economic landscape create the perfect storm for domestic, home-grown terrorist group recruitment?""
Research Interests: Psychology, Social Psychology, Education, Terrorism, International Terrorism, and 14 morePoverty, NATO, Political Science, Political Violence and Terrorism, Radicalization, Islam, War on Terror, Jihad, Radicalisation, Extremism, America, Psychology of Terrorism, Terrorism and Counterterrorism, and Home Grown Terrorism
This paper discusses the management of public responses to incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear materials (CBRN). Given the extraordinary technical and operational challenges of a response to a CBRN release... more
This paper discusses the management of public responses to incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear materials (CBRN). Given the extraordinary technical and operational challenges of a response to a CBRN release including, but not limited to, hazard detection and identification, casualty decontamination and multi-agency co-ordination, it is not surprising that public psychological and behavioural responses to such incidents have received limited attention by scholars and practitioners alike. As a result, a lack of understanding about the role of the public in effective emergency response constitutes a major gap in research and practice. This limitation must be addressed as a CBRN release has the potential to have wide-reaching psychological and behavioural impacts which, in turn, impact upon public morbidity and mortality rates. This paper addresses a number of key issues: why public responses matter; how responses have been conceptualised by practitioners; ...
Research Interests: Engineering, Health Psychology, Disaster Studies, Disaster risk management, Crisis communication and management, and 15 moreCrisis Communication, Disaster Risk Communication, Emergency Management, Medicine, Counter terrorism, Health risk communication and behavior change, Humans, Disaster risk reduction, Civil Defense, CBRNE response, CBRN Terrorism, Mass gathering CBRNE preparedness, CBRN Security Culture, Homeland Security Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Environment
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Research Interests: Psychology, Social Psychology, Terrorism, Disaster Studies, Political Violence and Terrorism, and 12 moreRisk communication, Public Health, Disaster Risk Communication, Extreme events, Risk Perception, Pandemic Influenza, CBRNE response, Emerging and Re emergence Human Pathogens, Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Vaccine Preventeable Childhood Infectious Disease, Public Health Syndromic Surveillance Systems, and Spatio temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases
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Who is it for? This booklet is for organisations and individuals responsible for communicating or engaging with members of the public during contamination incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) hazards.... more
Who is it for? This booklet is for organisations and individuals responsible for communicating or engaging with members of the public during contamination incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) hazards. This information would be useful for emergency responders (and non-specialised staff) from all emergency services (police, fire and ambulance), public health authorities, hospital staff, non-state organisations involved in emergency response (e.g. Red Cross, conference centre security staff), and others. For what purpose? This information booklet helps emergency responders to effectively engage with members of the public about CBRN incidents, in particular through appropriate communication. The response of members of the public to incidents involving CBRN hazards has a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of the professional response to such events. Public engagement before, during and after a CBRN incident can increase levels of public pr...
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It is a common assumption that, in the event of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) attack, a well-prepared and informed public is more likely to follow official recommendations regarding the appropriate safety... more
It is a common assumption that, in the event of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) attack, a well-prepared and informed public is more likely to follow official recommendations regarding the appropriate safety measures to take. We present findings from a UK study investigating the ability of crisis communication to influence perceptions of risk and behavioral intentions in the general public in response to CBRN terrorism. We conducted a focus group study involving a scenario presented in mock news broadcasts ...
Who is it for? This booklet is for organisations and individuals responsible for communicating or engaging with members of the public during contamination incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) hazards.... more
Who is it for? This booklet is for organisations and individuals responsible for communicating or engaging with members of the public during contamination incidents involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) hazards. This information would be useful for emergency responders (and non-specialised staff) from all emergency services (police, fire and ambulance), public health authorities, hospital staff, non-state organisations involved in emergency response (e.g. Red Cross, conference centre security staff), and others. For what purpose? This information booklet helps emergency responders to effectively engage with members of the public about CBRN incidents, in particular through appropriate communication. The response of members of the public to incidents involving CBRN hazards has a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of the professional response to such events. Public engagement before, during and after a CBRN incident can increase levels of public pr...
Summary: Part of the Parenting in Practice series. Relatively little is known about parenting practices across different ethnic groups. This report presents the findings arising from an empirical study into the views and experiences of a... more
Summary: Part of the Parenting in Practice series. Relatively little is known about parenting practices across different ethnic groups. This report presents the findings arising from an empirical study into the views and experiences of a group of 'ordinary' parents in diverse ethnic communities in England, the predominant ethnic groupings including Asian, African, African-Caribbean and White. The study uses some key theoretical concepts, including acculturation, racial, ethnic and cultural identification, collectivism and racial and ethnic socialisation/dual socialisation. Summary available to download free from JRF website See http://www.parentinguk.org/resources/parenting-in-multi-racial-britain/
ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of London (Royal Holloway University), 2003.
This chapter will argue that risk communication, risk perception, and behavior must be recognized as foundations of effective national security, and that policies and practices that do not incorporate the concepts underpinning effective... more
This chapter will argue that risk communication, risk perception, and behavior must be recognized as foundations of effective national security, and that policies and practices that do not incorporate the concepts underpinning effective risk communication are bound to fail. In doing so, this chapter will provide a detailed explanation of the primary drivers and, thus,
the primary targets, of all risk communication: risk perception and behavior. It will explain how risk perceptions influence the psychological and behavioral responses that play a key role in determining health, social, and economic impacts of extreme events. It will then unpack the relationship between risk communication, risk perception, and behavior. This will entail an
exploration of the underlying issues informing expert and public variations in perceived risk, the identification of likely behavioral reactions to extreme events, and an illustration of the ways in
which effective risk communication can mitigate negative impacts by reducing unnecessary care-seeking and increasing compliance with official guidance. Finally, this chapter will suggest steps that can be taken to better enable practitioners
and policy makers to develop risk communication messages and emergency response programs capable of informing public perceptions of risk and positive health behaviors.
the primary targets, of all risk communication: risk perception and behavior. It will explain how risk perceptions influence the psychological and behavioral responses that play a key role in determining health, social, and economic impacts of extreme events. It will then unpack the relationship between risk communication, risk perception, and behavior. This will entail an
exploration of the underlying issues informing expert and public variations in perceived risk, the identification of likely behavioral reactions to extreme events, and an illustration of the ways in
which effective risk communication can mitigate negative impacts by reducing unnecessary care-seeking and increasing compliance with official guidance. Finally, this chapter will suggest steps that can be taken to better enable practitioners
and policy makers to develop risk communication messages and emergency response programs capable of informing public perceptions of risk and positive health behaviors.
Research Interests: Psychology, Social Psychology, Terrorism, Disaster Studies, Political Violence and Terrorism, and 13 moreRisk communication, Public Health, Disaster Risk Communication, Extreme events, Risk Perception, Pandemic Influenza, Emergency Response,Recovery and Preparedness, CBRNE response, Emerging and Re emergence Human Pathogens, Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Vaccine Preventeable Childhood Infectious Disease, Public Health Syndromic Surveillance Systems, and Spatio temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases
In this chapter, we examine how public resilience against terrorist attacks using CBRN agents can be promoted. The case of CBRN is particularly interesting for the study of public resilience because the uncertain and dreaded nature of the... more
In this chapter, we examine how public resilience against terrorist attacks using CBRN agents can be promoted. The case of CBRN is particularly interesting for the study of public resilience because the uncertain and dreaded nature of the hazard and its consequences suggests the potential for a particularly strong impact on the mental and physical health of individuals, as well as
on their behavior. We argue that in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on health and ensure behavior that facilitates response and recovery to emergencies, policy makers, law enforcement, and emergency management authorities need to devise effective crisis and risk communication strategies. The communication strategies need to take into account a set of four factors that require the integration of insights from social psychology and other social sciences, as well as a thorough engagement with members of the public. These factors include the following:
1. Public perception of risk
2. Public perception of authorities
3. Public perception of response and self-efficacy
4. Quality and timing of risk communication
This chapter briefly discusses how counterterrorism policies and debate have traditionally been dominated by prevention and security logics and demonstrates that public resilience has recently attracted increased attention by policy makers and
academics. It then explores the role of the public and the authorities’ engagement with the public in promoting resilience against CBRN terrorism. This chapter also uses the case of CBRN terrorism to identify four factors that affect the public resilience
against terrorist attacks, and concludes by reflecting on the institutional/policy implications of the four factors, as well as advocating for a comparative research agenda.
on their behavior. We argue that in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on health and ensure behavior that facilitates response and recovery to emergencies, policy makers, law enforcement, and emergency management authorities need to devise effective crisis and risk communication strategies. The communication strategies need to take into account a set of four factors that require the integration of insights from social psychology and other social sciences, as well as a thorough engagement with members of the public. These factors include the following:
1. Public perception of risk
2. Public perception of authorities
3. Public perception of response and self-efficacy
4. Quality and timing of risk communication
This chapter briefly discusses how counterterrorism policies and debate have traditionally been dominated by prevention and security logics and demonstrates that public resilience has recently attracted increased attention by policy makers and
academics. It then explores the role of the public and the authorities’ engagement with the public in promoting resilience against CBRN terrorism. This chapter also uses the case of CBRN terrorism to identify four factors that affect the public resilience
against terrorist attacks, and concludes by reflecting on the institutional/policy implications of the four factors, as well as advocating for a comparative research agenda.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Social Psychology, Criminal Law, Terrorism, International Criminal Law, and 15 moreJuvenile Justice, Identity (Culture), Organized Crime, Crime Prevention, Transnational Crime, Radicalisation, Drugs, Corruption, Traffic, Online Violent and Non-Violent Radicalisation, International Crimes, Psychology of Terrorism, Global Crime, Measures of Prevention, and Trafficking Human Beings
"The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political rhetoric and... more
"The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political rhetoric and practice targeted at preventing terrorism.
As we sit in the middle of an ongoing economic crisis, socio-economic issues have been forced into the limelight. At first glance, the global financial crisis has certainly brought about distinctive conditions. These include: i) A widespread lack of economic growth, ii) youth unemployment rates of over 50% in countries like Spain and Greece increasing levels of anti-austerity unrest across Europe, and iii) rumours of contingency plans to restrict immigration in countries in the event of a financial collapse. Does the current socio-economic landscape create the perfect storm for domestic, home-grown terrorist group recruitment?"
As we sit in the middle of an ongoing economic crisis, socio-economic issues have been forced into the limelight. At first glance, the global financial crisis has certainly brought about distinctive conditions. These include: i) A widespread lack of economic growth, ii) youth unemployment rates of over 50% in countries like Spain and Greece increasing levels of anti-austerity unrest across Europe, and iii) rumours of contingency plans to restrict immigration in countries in the event of a financial collapse. Does the current socio-economic landscape create the perfect storm for domestic, home-grown terrorist group recruitment?"
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The book is aimed at academics, practitioners and security professionals, to support them in using design in counter terror communications, and to address fear and anxiety in public spaces. The booklet is organised into three sections,... more
The book is aimed at academics, practitioners and security professionals, to support them in using design in counter terror communications, and to address fear and anxiety in public spaces. The booklet is organised into three sections, the first presenting the context of UK security systems, the second offering simple guiding principles for counter-terror communications, and the third demonstrating application through a case study.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Terrorism, Violence, Political Violence and Terrorism, Counter terrorism, and 7 moreRadicalisation, Jihad, War, and Peace in Islam, Online Violent and Non-Violent Radicalisation, Islamic Terrorism, The Quran and Violent Jihad, Domestic and International State Policies That Counter Islamic Terrorism, and Diplomacy and Terrorism; Non Traditional and Comprehensive Security; Non violence As a Method to Deter Violent Jihad
ALJAZEERA (8th July 2014): Effective aviation security approaches have motivated aviation security practitioners to change their tactics and modes of delivery. A growing reliance on pre-flight passenger screening and the use of a variety... more
ALJAZEERA (8th July 2014): Effective aviation security approaches have motivated aviation security practitioners to change their tactics and modes of delivery. A growing reliance on pre-flight passenger screening and the use of a variety of scanning technologies and, in some instances, biometrics at the airports themselves, has resulted in a decrease in face-to-face interactions between passenger and employee as travellers move through airports.
Perhaps it is time for aviation security managers to revisit past human behaviour-based strategies once believed to be effective, in order to combine them with modern, technologically driven approaches to ensuring passenger safety.
Specifically, the human element of surveillance can be as important as the sophisticated new scanners and technologies when it comes to picking up more subtle forms of human behaviour.
Perhaps it is time for aviation security managers to revisit past human behaviour-based strategies once believed to be effective, in order to combine them with modern, technologically driven approaches to ensuring passenger safety.
Specifically, the human element of surveillance can be as important as the sophisticated new scanners and technologies when it comes to picking up more subtle forms of human behaviour.
Research Interests: Terrorism, Security, Political Violence and Terrorism, Counter terrorism, Aviation Security, and 8 moreCritical Infrastructure Security, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism, Terrorism and Counterterrorism, The psychology of terrorism, Infrastructure Security, Psychology of Counter-terrorism, Aviation security Intelligence, and Critical National Information Infrastructure
NATO Review (2012): The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in... more
NATO Review (2012):
The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political rhetoric and practice targeted at preventing terrorism.
As we sit in the middle of an ongoing economic crisis, socio-economic issues have been forced into the limelight.
At first glance, the global financial crisis has certainly brought about distinctive conditions. These include:
A widespread lack of economic growth,
youth unemployment rates of over 50% in countries like Spain and Greece
increasing levels of anti-austerity unrest across Europe, and
rumours of contingency plans to restrict immigration in countries in the event of a financial collapse.
Does the current socio-economic landscape create the perfect storm for domestic, home-grown terrorist group recruitment? The resounding response to this question is ‘perhaps’.
Current thought is evolving in respect to this question. There is now a more nuanced discussion of the similarities and differences between domestic terror and international terror. There’s a move away from simply asking ‘if’ to asking ‘how’ socio-economic factors might influence participation in or support for terrorists groups.
The majority of studies conclude that socio-economic factors are poor indicators of terrorism. Yet factors such as poverty and education continue to be portrayed as fundamental drivers of terrorist violence in political rhetoric and practice targeted at preventing terrorism.
As we sit in the middle of an ongoing economic crisis, socio-economic issues have been forced into the limelight.
At first glance, the global financial crisis has certainly brought about distinctive conditions. These include:
A widespread lack of economic growth,
youth unemployment rates of over 50% in countries like Spain and Greece
increasing levels of anti-austerity unrest across Europe, and
rumours of contingency plans to restrict immigration in countries in the event of a financial collapse.
Does the current socio-economic landscape create the perfect storm for domestic, home-grown terrorist group recruitment? The resounding response to this question is ‘perhaps’.
Current thought is evolving in respect to this question. There is now a more nuanced discussion of the similarities and differences between domestic terror and international terror. There’s a move away from simply asking ‘if’ to asking ‘how’ socio-economic factors might influence participation in or support for terrorists groups.