International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences

This research investigates to elaborate the relationship between ambidextrous leadership styles, innovation climate, and employee innovation performance in the banking sector, with a specific focus on Quetta, Balochistan. Grounded in a deductive reasoning approach and epistemological-positivism research philosophy, the study aims to explain the causal relationships among ambidextrous leadership behaviors, innovation climate, and employee innovation performance. Employing quantitative research techniques, data were gathered through structured questionnaires administered to employees of banks in the region, including the State Bank of Pakistan and various commercial banks, using a convenience sampling method. The sample, drawn from different departments, ensures the representation of the banking industry workforce in Quetta. Questionnaires encompassed demographic information and modified scales to measure ambidextrous leadership, leader open and close behaviors, innovation climate, and employee innovation performance. Analysis of the gathered data involved correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS statistical software (version 27). Results revealed the significant positive correlations between leader open behavior, leader close behavior, innovation climate, and employee innovation performance. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis confirms the hypotheses, indicating that both ambidextrous leadership behaviors and innovation climate significantly influence employee innovation performance. Particularly, innovation climate moderates the relationship between ambidextrous leadership behaviors and employee innovation performance, amplifying their effects. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of leadership and innovation within organizational contexts, providing valuable insights for practitioners seeking to enhance innovation and performance in the banking sector.

Current research is divided into two parts first is to study the direct impact of political engagement on political brand knowledge and political brand loyalty. The second is to study the relationships among the dimensions of voter-based political brand equity grounded on the customer base brand equity model. Even though the model has been presented in the past the relationship among the variables was missing. This study fulfills not only this gap but goes one step ahead to provide the strength of significant relationship among the variables in this model. The research informants were recruited from 15 different cities in Pakistan. Quantitative data were obtained through direct and online surveys from 1151 voters; the stratified sampling method is used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 structural equation modeling software. Results show that Political engagement is the stimulus factor that directly influences the constructs of political human brand knowledge indirectly influences political human brand loyalty. It also demonstrates that political engagement is a direct predictor of political human brand loyalty. The finding of this study is valuable as a reference for mapping political perception, helping marketing managers to invest in engagement activities and brand knowledge programs during the voting season to improve voters' perceptions. The political candidates and their parties should emphasize creating, developing, and maintaining brand engagement activities for brand awareness and brand associations. This could increase the voter's loyalty towards the political party in the elections. Researchers can gain an understanding of how political engagement relates to dimensions of the voter-based political human brand equity model and how dimension in the model relates to one another to build strong brand loyalty.

In today's globalized industrial landscape, marked by fierce competition and evolving consumer preferences, the imperative of ensuring product quality, environmental sustainability, and occupational health and safety has intensified for firms operating in both domestic and international markets. Integrated management systems transcend mere compliance serve as a strategic framework for firms to fortify their environmental sustainability credentials and mitigate reputational risks effectively. This study investigates the transformative potential of integrated management systems in stimulating export growth and domestic sales within Pakistan's industrial sector. Utilizing panel data analysis of 94 textile firms spanning listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2022. This study employs the fixed effect model to empirically estimate the results. The findings underscore or unveil the significant role of integrated management systems in fostering export growth and improving environmental performance. The outcome of the study also suggests important policy implications that how integrated management systems can be potent policy avenue to achieve business success and broader societal and environmental objectives.

The banking industry in Kenya has been dynamic, with only eight (8) out of the forty (40) banks controlling over 74% of the market share. The tier three banks, despite being the majority (22), only have 8.8% market share. The banks have also been characterized by turbulent operating market, declining revenues and profits, and shrinking capitalization. This has seen some of these banks being held at receivership and others put under statutory management. This prompted the study to assess whether strategic leadership has been a concern in these banks, and whether this has a hand in competitiveness of third tier banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on Porter's theory of competitive advantage and the contingency theory of leadership. A cross-sectional research approach informed collection of data though a questionnaire from 112 participants drawn from 22 third-tier banks in Kenya. SPSS was used in analysis. The findings revealed that strategic leadership practices through financial resource mobilization, human resource development, strategic innovation, strategic direction and customer focus had a significant influence on competitiveness of tier three commercial banks in Kenya. The study concluded that strategic leadership practices through financial resource mobilization, human resource development, strategic innovation, strategic direction and customer focus were instrumental in enhancing the competitiveness of tier three commercial banks. The findings from the study could be significant to strategic management practitioners, managers of tier three commercial banks, the government and policy-makers and future researchers.

Family businesses, owing to their unique blend of family dynamics and business operations, often face distinctive hurdles that can significantly impact their sustainability and growth. This qualitative study delves into the multifaceted challenges that confront family business leaders, as seen through the eyes of family business owners, which is a missing aspect in the extant literature database. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, this study aims to shed light on the key challenges family business leaders encounter. The findings of the study reveal that the family business leaders have challenges related to the succession planning, financial management, conflict resolution, communication breakdown, governance, HRM, and the evolving business environment in the day-today business operation. These findings further echoed the need for a personalized approach and support systems to face the challenges and to be successful in the long run. These results not only contribute to the existing literature related to the management of family business, but also provide a very practical use to the practitioners in increasing the strength of both the family and business while operating within the context with such complexity.

Interpersonal disagreement among employees in the workplace is an important predictor of perceived stress, especially in virtual and digitally connected workplaces. Such perceived stress has the potential to lead employees toward social undermining. This study is quantitative in nature, and data were collected from various organizations primarily relying on information and communication technology (ICT)-based systems. The study aimed to test a serial mediation model containing task conflict and relationship conflict as serial mediators. Statistical analysis reveals a significant indirect effect on the outcome variable of social undermining through the serial mediators. The PROCESS Macro version 3.3 was utilized for the analysis of hypotheses. Discussions have been framed with reference to contextual factors, such as those within the mindfulness theory, and other elements that might have influenced the relationship between variables. This relationship between variables has not been previously tested on employees working in a virtual and digital setup, where psychological contracts also play a role in conflict generation and its handling, leading to associated job stress. Finally, this paper recommends useful directions for future research.

In recent years, focus on women entrepreneurship has increased and women are encouraged to perform an active economic role in the modern societies. However, it has been argued that women owned and operated entrepreneurial ventures exhibit poor performance, raising questions on the entrepreneurial potential of the women. Another line of argument highlight that women are different than men, leading them to have different entrepreneurial aspirations. Considering this theoretical premise, this study adopts a social role perspective to explain differences of entrepreneurial performance of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. By employing a qualitative research design and collecting data from 19 male and female entrepreneurs in Pakistan, this study finds indications that social roles influence the performance orientation of male and female entrepreneurs. It was also found that male entrepreneurs have a more material and financial approach to relate to their entrepreneurial performance as they stressed more on profitability, cash flows, and material growth. On the other hand, female entrepreneurs exhibit a more peoples-oriented approach. They seemed to focus more on their stakeholders like customers, family, employees, and society at large. The study concludes that both male and female entrepreneurs have different performance orientations, and a unidimensional performance comparison of entrepreneurial performance of male and female is futile. Therefore, future practice and research on women entrepreneurship should consider a feminist perspective of entrepreneurial performance, where women entrepreneurs might be interested in self-fulfillment and empowerment and not in material growth or financial outcomes. The scope of this study is delimited to educated women entrepreneurs, living in metropolitan areas of Pakistan.

The banking industry is the backbone of an economy. The competition in the banking sector and the threat of a third financial crisis requires banks to become more effective and efficient. It may be accomplished through financial innovation. The primary purpose of the research is to develop a framework for fostering financial innovation through evaluating the relationship among knowledge management (KM), organizational ambidexterity (OAMB), and level of financial innovation (LoFI) in the banking sector and to develop a framework. To achieve the research aim, a survey was carried out among the commercial banks of Pakistan. The findings of this research are based on 383 responses from Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed using structural equational modeling. Findings indicated that KM significantly influenced OAMB and LoFI, and OAMB significantly influenced LoFI. Moreover, organizational climate (OC) moderated the relationship between KM and OAMB, and environmental dynamism moderated the relationship between OAMB and LoFI. The researcher also analyzed the relationship between OAMB, KM, and LoFI and found that OAMB mediated the relationship between KM and LoFI. Based on the research findings, the researcher suggested that banks should enhance the level of KM and OAMB as these two things increase LoFI. Banks should also foster OC in a way that may enhance learning and sharing. Likewise, banks should also critically appraise the external environment to increase LoFI.

Organizations spend a considerable amount of money on their employees; however, the accounting treatment and disclosures of this amount still needs to be standardized. This study aims to assess how the number of employees and staff cost affects the financial outcomes of textile enterprises listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. The purpose is to assist organizations in understanding the impact and worth of their human capital investment in accomplishing long-term goals. The study utilized an ex post facto analysis methodology and obtained data from the financial statements of 73 organizations over a five-year period from 2017 to 2021. Panel regression analysis was performed using E-views software. The Breusch-Pagan test is employed to measure the heteroscedasticity of regression errors, and then the Hausman test is utilized to determine the best approach between a fixed effect and a random effect. The findings revealed that staff cost positively affects financial performance, whereas the number of employees significantly negatively affects financial performance. Therefore, the study recommends investing in employees to boost the firm's profitability. Also, accounting standards and disclosures should be incorporated into human resource accounting.

Exchange rate (EXR) stability is crucial for especially the developing economies. This study examines the macroeconomic variables which affect EXR in member countries of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). To do the analyses, data from 1981 to 2019 was relied upon. To estimate the long-run coefficients, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) is incorporated. The outcomes of FMOLS exhibit that the variables such as trade, inflation, GDP, total debt services, trade openness, and tariff rate are inversely related to EXR while broad money is found to affect the EXR in positive. As a policy prospect, The Central Bank (CB) is needed to follow tight monetary policy to curtail liquidity of money in economy. It is recommended that CB to discourage government project financing that is to cause increase in money supply but to initiate trendline to facilitate GDP growth, trade, and imposition of tariff to curtail rising EXR.

Sustainable performance remains a debate among the business community however, achieving sustainability remains a challenge. Globally, firms have incorporated different initiatives to gain efficiency and effectiveness, but developing nations are still in transit. Operationalization of green initiatives to gain operational performance was rare in Asian literature and practice. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of green supply chain management practices that impact a firm's operational performance and the mediating role of lean management in the textile sector of Karachi. A quantitative method was used in this study and data were collected from 184 Supply Chain Officials from the textile sector of Karachi through a convenience sampling technique. The data were analyzed by Partial Least Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS 3.0. The results indicated that green procurement has a significant direct and indirect effect on operational performance however, eco-design and green manufacturing did not show a significant direct association. Further, lean management significantly mediates the relationship between green manufacturing, green procurement, and operational performance. In contrast, eco-design without lean management does not positively impact operational performance. This study provides sound recommendations to local firms in implementing green practices rigorously to compete internationally and to educate workers and suppliers about the importance of using these practices.

Through the lens of effect-as-information theory, this study develops and evaluates a mediation model aiming to understand the role of interpersonal and professional competence of airline cabin crew in determining repurchase intentions of passengers. The model associates the perceived competencies of cabin crew with passenger satisfaction which leads to the repeat patronage. After initial screening for the type of flight and cabin class, 303 valid responses were used for further analysis. Moreover, in coherence with Partial Least Square (PLS) method, goodness-of-fit for the proposed model, predictive relevance of endogenous variables, composite reliability and discriminant validity of the measurement scale was established before conducting mediation analysis. The results supported the premise that the positive direct-effect (26%) of crew competence on repurchase intentions is significant and with the inclusion of passenger satisfaction as a mediator, this association yields even a stronger impact i.e., 67%. These findings significantly contribute to the servicemanagement literature by introducing a framework and testing a unique nexus among the study variables that is previously not explored in aviation industry. In the end, practical implications are discussed, few limitations of the study are acknowledged and some possible future research endeavors are also advised that can be pursued while using the proposed framework.

The aim of this research is to make comparison between the microfinance banks and microfinance institutes in creation of self-employment in Pakistan. The data extract from the years 2018-2022, the 4 financial banks and institutes has been taken. The different types of profitability ratio are used in this research. The population of the research is twenty-seven but the sample size of this research is eight and the random sampling technique is used. The SPSS was used and the t-test was applied to the data. To analyze for the purpose of investigating for their performances. The various ratios to apply for their productivity, rates of lending loans as well as how much people got loans from them and what are the criteria of lending loans, feasibility of lending the loans and profitability trend in each sector. This research concludes that after applying all the ratios analyzing its return and seeing the efficiency of microfinance banks and institutes, as their major focus is to make the country prosperous by lending the loan to the people as it has consumed less days to grants loans that creates selfemployment in Pakistan. The researcher comes to this point that from considering all the facts and figures, terms and conditions, rules and regulations of all aspects of microfinance banks and institutes. The basis of this research, its profitability is more, the customers are more attracted towards it. The less working days it consumes than the other ones. Its liabilities and expenses are less than the others.

The main idea of this paper is to highlight the importance of environmental sustainability along with importance of implementation of green human resource management practices within an organization. Mediating role of pro environmental behaviors between the relationship of green human resource management and green recovery performance is the focus of study. It also looks at the moderating effect of ethical leadership style to achieve enhanced green recovery performance. The approach used for this study is quantitative and deductive. The researcher collected data through an electronic questionnaire and personally administration from 10 industries selected as per convince from PBD. Hayes process was used to analyze the mediating effect. Two hundred and fifty responses used as a sample for this study. The results confirm the findings of previous\researches conducted in other cultures. It also confirms that pro environmental behavior mediates the relationship of green human resource management and green recovery performance, and the Ethical leadership style (ELP) not moderate the relationship between GHRM and GRP and between GHRM and PEB respectively. This research provides guidelines for the researchers, policy makers, and managers. Green human resource management, Pro environmental behaviors, green recovery performance, Ethical leadership style.

The main objective of this research is to explain credit risk management practices. Furthermore, this research evaluates credit risk management practices in Pakistani banks. It compares and evaluates the techniques used by Islamic and public commercial banks. Quantitative research methods were used in the present study. A total of 400 self-administrated questionnaires have been distributed among Pakistani employees of selected banks. SPSS version 24 has been used to analyze responses using correlation, regression, and t-tests. Study results showed that all variables are significantly correlated. Moreover, this study found a significant difference (p<0.5) of credit risk management practices include credit risk understanding, credit risk identification, credit risk assessment, credit risk monitoring and credit risk analysis, among Islamic and public commercial banks of Pakistan. It is concluded that this study results may help the banks to find the solutions that enable quality loan creation and growth as well as to determine the relationship among the theories, concepts, of credit score and credit policies both at country level and regional level. Hence, this study is assumed to be significant in indicating best practices and concept for practical lending to enhance the performance of credit management to all mangers and policy makers of the banks as well as to all financial institutions and banks.

Whether it's the latest news or details on a specific product, social media is being used as the go-to source for information in today's digital age. Companies utilize social media marketing to spread the word about their products and spark online discussions. Brands with active online communities are more likely to see a rise in consumer interest and spending's when consumers get familiar with such brands. Nowadays, people are more inclined towards doing business online than before. This study focuses on the impact of Pakistan's automobile sector marketing efforts on the social media and intention to purchase online. The use of customer-based brand equity and perceived brand community character as mediators. Furthermore, due to increase in online sales E-commerce quality is utilized as a moderator to comprehend the impact on the association between the company's marketing efforts on the digital platforms and intention to purchase online. The Google form questionnaire yielded 398 replies by using a convenience sampling strategy. SPSS and Hayes Process Macro are utilized for data analysis. All hypothesis was accepted. The findings will aid automobile brand managers in understanding what to showcase in their online communities to achieve a positive brand outcome.

The study aimed at examining the impact of financial globalisation and natural resource rents on Total Factor Productivity growth in Pakistan. The total factor productivity growth is computed by the growth accounting model assuming the Cobb-Douglas production Function, while the KOF index of globalisation is used to quantify financial globalisation. The series encompassed the time period from 1985 to 2019, and in order to get empirical results, an Autoregressive Lag Distributed Model is used. The empirical outcomes proved that financial globalisation positively impacts productivity. Hence, the propositions put forth by endogenous growth and new trade theories that globalisation has a central role in achieving productive growth are confirmed by the empirical findings of this study. On the other hand, the results indicated that rent-seeking behaviour concerning natural resources has a negative influence on total factor productivity growth in the long run demonstrating a natural resource curse exists for Pakistan's economy. Based on its findings, the study recommended that promoting outward-oriented policies with a primary focus on financial integration is crucial for augmenting the overall productivity of domestic factors of production. Likewise, it is imperative to discourage rentseeking behaviour from natural resources to increase the factor's productivity.

Economic growth incorporating women's participation opens many economic opportunities for women which not only upgrade women's status in society but also make growth more inclusive. Improved condition and position of women in society play an important role in developing women along with enhancing their economic role. Besides explaining the significant role of women in an economy. This paper also throws some light on the need for good governance to enhance their economic role. In this context to evaluate the effect of the development of women on inclusive growth panel data models named the Fixed-Effect and Random-Effect Models have been used. Moreover, the models of White, Rogers, and Driscoll-Kraay estimators are also applied for robustness considering the three selected South Asian countries for the period between 2000-2021. The study finds that developing women play an influential role in inclusive growth and this relationship becomes more significant in the presence of good governance. Thus, it has been recommended that there should be a special focus on government policies towards women's education, health, and political representation to make economic growth more inclusive by enhancing their economic role through their development.