business management and social science

Proper management of finances in private primary schools is very imperative to their operations. There are, however, serious financial challenges in these private schools in Kenya as characterized by unprecedented high fees charged on students. The objective of this study was to assess the role of financial control in the growth of private primary schools in Kenya. The study was guided by the Cash Management Theory that gives emphasis to reasonable ways to deal with organizational finance management and efficient utilization as well as the Endogenous Growth Theory which stipulates that, in the long-run growth rate depends on a stable business environment. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative study design, which targeted 7,418 private primary schools in Kenya. Accessible population constituted of 3,431 heads of schools in four regions of Kenya namely: Nairobi, Central Kenya, Northeastern, and the Coastal regions. A random sampling method was used to draw a sample of 3...

This purpose of this study is to determine level of employees’ job satisfaction and to investigate effect of gender on employees’ job satisfaction. Important factors that have an impact on job satisfaction are supervision, relationship with co-workers, present pay, nature of work, and opportunities for promotion. Data for this study was collected from employees of three private airline companies in Iran. Descriptive analysis performed to determine level of employees’ job satisfaction. In addition, independent-sample t-test was utilized to empirically test relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and their gender. Findings suggest that employees are moderately satisfied with their job and there is no significant difference between male and female employees’ job satisfaction.

This study investigates the impact of democracy indices on the literacy rate. Panel Data of 134 Countries from 2007-2018 were collected from the website the World Bank and Gapminder. This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS), Driscoll-Kraay (DK), Second Stage Least Square (2SLS), Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods. This research has found that political participation index and political culture index has a significant positive relationship with literacy rate in all the method. The functioning of the government index has a significant positive relationship and electoral process and the pluralism index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in all the methods except the GMM method. The civil liberties index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in POLS and in the other models, there is no significant relationship between the civil liberties index and literacy rate.

This study examined the effect of implementing Nine Year Basic Education (9YBE) policy on secondary school internal efficiency. The study followed descriptive design. Data on students’ enrolments and repetitions for consecutive school years, cohort 2014/15 and 2017/18, were collected from all five lower secondary schools in Ngoma and Tumba Sectors using survey questionnaire. Besides, focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect views of head-teachers on the study variables. The reconstructed cohort flow analysis technique was used to determine indicators of internal efficiency. Summary statistics are presented in tables. Qualitative data from FGDs were analysed through thematic content analysis with consideration of similarities and differences. The findings revealed (i) a positive change in students' promotion and repetition rates, (ii) students’ survival rate to the last grade increased to 69.39% for the cohort 2017/18 from 50.72% for the cohort 2014/15 and (iii) wastag...

This paper x-rayed the concept, measurement and, patterns of economic development. In doing this, the paper reviewed a vast literature on concepts, measurement of economic development and, economic development patterns and their effects on growth indicators as well as on the quality of life components. This literature was sourced from known academic databases. From the overview of the concept, measurement of economic development and, economic development patterns and their relationship between growth indicators as well as the quality of life components the following were found; as new challenges emerge, the horizon of the concept of economic development expands to accommodate the prevailing challenges. Economic development has no conventional measure/indicator that completely captures it process and, there are various economic development patterns use in tackling the problem of economic growth and quality of life, some of which are; knowledge-based, trade-based, saving-based and eth...

The key purpose of this research paper is to explore the moderating effect of Corporate Governance on the relationship between accounting base financial performance i.e. ROA, and ROE and Capital Structure of 173 Manufacturing firms listed in KSE of Pakistan for the period of 2009 to 2014. In this study multiple regression method is used under fixed effect regression model approach on panel data. The empirical results show that the inclusion of Corporate Governance Index (CGI) as moderating variable has influenced the interaction between Capital Structure and Financial Performance which was positively significant. The result is generally found that the most of Pakistani manufacturing listed firms pursue good corporate governance mechanism and use good and optimal level of Capital Mix to get the better and high financial performance. Furthermore, the corporate governance sub-indices i.e. board structure (BOD-I) and transparency & disclosure (DISC-III) both also have positive and stati...

The purpose of this study was to see the effect of the establishment of village-owned enterprises (BUM Desa) and the support of the local government in increasing the village's original income. This research has a research sample using the purposive sampling method, namely BUM Desa Dukuh Dempok, and BUM Desa Kemiri. Data was obtained by conducting interviews, observations, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with in-depth interviews with the chairman and management of BUM Desa in Jember. Analysis was carried out on the data and information obtained to obtain research results. Tourism BUM Desa Gumuk Watu and Tourism BUM Desa Kemiri have a role in increasing the village's original income can be seen from the function of facilitator and mediator. The two BUM Desa include the role of the community in building and developing tourism. Local government support for BUM Desa tourism is very important. BUM Desa Wisata Gumuk Watu and BUM Desa Wisata Kemiri received full suppor...

The study aims to determine the correlation between organizational climate and work engagement of the employees. To strengthen the theory of the study, related literature was reviewed. The study used a descriptive correlational research design. To gather the data, questionnaires were used. The population of the study was all faculty and employees of the colleges in the Ilocos region. Since it is a quantitative study, the statistic was used to interpret the data. The weighted mean was used to determine the average mean of different organizational climate dimensions and different dimensions of work engagement, while Pearson r Correlation was used to determine the correlation between the organizational climate and work engagement of the employees. The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between organizational climate and work engagement of employees.

Today companies are attempting innovative ways for employee training and development to accrue the financial returns by developing able candidates for the managerial and leadership positions. The present article uses secondary sources of information to build on the basic structures of mentoring programme for signifying the effective way of employee development.

This study reviews the challenges and opportunities encountered by Qatar because of the blockade imposed by the neighboring countries, namely Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, and Egypt. It endeavors to highlight potential scenarios of the crisis. This paper employs a secondary source of information to achieve the objectives, such as books, articles, reports, and academic research, which were later subjected to thematic analysis. The findings of this research reveal that crisis management was an effective strategy implemented by the Qatari Government. It helped Qatari officials to change and transfer the negative impacts to a positive force. The crisis management strategy encouraged Qatar to rely on their local industries, improve education and media institutes, and use Qatar’s soft power internationally. Although 2017 was a challenging year for Qatar due to the crisis, yet the national economy showed an accelerated growth of 5% in the second half of the same year.

Artisanal miners extract natural resources (mostly gold, copper, sand and quarry) from easily accessible deposits using the only very basic tools. It is undertaken in different forms-underground mining (below the surface), open surface (pit) mining, placer mining (by divers in rivers) and solution mining (drilled boreholes). In Kenya, these include mining of gold, gemstones, copper, quarry, sand among other minerals. In Kenya, these practices are commonly notable in Kakamega, Migori, Homa Bay, Kwale, Machakos, Kitui, Kajiado and Kisii Counties. This research project set out to examine artisanal mining practices within the selected counties in Kenya. A participatory survey approach was pursued to aid gathering of relevant and appropriate data. The study was confined to the five selected counties (Migori, Kakamega, Kisii, Kajiado and Kitui) where artisanal mining (ASM) activities take place. Respondents were drawn from relevant county government departments, miners and local leaders. ...

This paper aims to investigate the impact of HRM practices on employee satisfaction in the pharmaceutical companies of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among 108 employees of four pharmaceuticals companies, whereas 96 employees answered rightly. Statistical tools like z test, mean and proportion analysis was used to assess the impact of HRM practices on employee satisfaction. The study reveals that employees in pharmaceutical companies are satisfied with the recruitment and selection, and training and development policy and practices of pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, employees are dissatisfied with the human resource planning, working environment, compensation policy, performance appraisal, and industrial relations. The study suggests that the pharmaceutical companies should develop proper human resource policy and given emphasis on proper human resource practices to enhance the satisfaction of their employees and build them effectiv...

The present study seeks to discover the influence of brand equity on customer loyalty in Starbucks Chain in Jordan. The researcher adopted the quantitative research methodology and used a questionnaire as the data collection tool. The study population consists of )130( employees in the Starbucks Chain in Jordan, the researcher distributed the questionnaire to all employees from different levels in the all chain branches with a total of (23) branch, in order to obtain the best response rate, and was retrieved (107) questionnaires with a (80.3%) response rate. The results of the study exposed that the customer loyalty is significantly and positively affected by the overall brand equity and by each of its two studied dimensions. While effects of the overall brand equity (R 2 = 0.710) and brand awareness (R 2 = 0.672) on customer loyalty are close, effect of brand image is the lowest (R 2 = 0.440). Effect of the overall brand equity (R 2 = 0.710), defined as the sum of these two variabl...

Information technology (IT) as a structural factor and instrument transforms the architecture of organizations, business processes, and communication which is increasingly integrated into human resource management (HRM). It is an important part of the human resources work process. IT is designed to support HR professionals at all stages of management. This paper is focused on analyzing how information technology affects the improvement of human resource efficiency. The survey was conducted in private enterprises in Ferizaj, region (Kosovo), through questionnaires. Twenty employees/managers of manufacturing enterprises were surveyed who were well informed about the role of human resources in general and the impact on the efficiency of information technology. The results of the empirical study show that the use of new information technology improves the efficiency of HR and enhances the performance of the enterprise.

The pace of globalization is increasing continuously in terms of markets for goods and services, investment and business opportunities within one or more organizations. This transformation caused by globalization affects all the department in an organization in which human resource management is not left out in this transformation crusade as it has obligation to move along with the changing demands of the globalization process. This paper examines the impact of the workforce on Human Resource Management either locally or internationally also it revealed the various factors driving globalization in the workforce and the issues and challenges that confront the Human Resource Management in the global markets, and also the benefits of globalization Human Resource Information System (HRIS) to the Human Resource (HR) department.

The study was conducted to determine the instruction efficacy of major courses in the program of Customs Administration in Midway Maritime Foundation, Inc. in terms of mastery of the subject matter, planning, and organization, classroom management, methods/techniques in teaching and assessment of students' learning. The respondents of the study were 160 students and 3 instructors. The study used a descriptive correlational research method. The data were gathered through a survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentage, weighted mean, t-test, and Pearson product moment correlation. The results of the study revealed the following: there is a significant relationship between the profile variables of the respondents and their perception; there is a significant difference in the students' perception when grouped according to year level; there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the two groups of respondents; the academic performance of the stude...

This study aims to investigate the effect of job crafting practices on job outcomes (work engagement and job satisfaction). This research was conducted on workers at Perseroan Terbatas (PT). Petra Arun Gas (PAG) with a working population of 180 people. Samples were taken as many as 123 people based on Krejcie and Morgan Sample Tables (in Sekaran & Bougie, 2009, pp. 254-255). The selection of sample members was carried out using the simple random sampling method. Primary data is obtained by distributing questionnaires to all samples. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis tools with the help of SPSS. The results of the research data analysis show that job crafting has a significant effect on the two dependent constructs, namely work engagement and job satisfaction.

In this paper, students, and teachers' attitudes towards shifting to an entirely online learning environment were assessed due to COVID-19.  The main objective of the study was to investigate the students’ and teachers' attitudes towards Online learning during the COVID-19 situation in Bangladeshi Government Colleges. Findings revealed that cost and time-effectiveness, safety, convenience, and improved participation were the most frequently cited positive aspects of the online learning experience, while distraction and reduced focus, heavy workload, problems with technology and the internet, lack of ICT knowledge, and poor network infrastructure,  limited availability of educational resources, low attendance of learners, uncooperative learners and insufficient support from instructors and colleagues were the most recurrent negative aspects. The qualitative and quantitative research method was adopted, with semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom with 10 College teacher...

In this paper, we investigate the definition of Fintech and measure the extent of the impact of Fintech variables on the Cybersecurity as the dependent variable. The hypotheses developed by the authors which are based on research through the statistical results of the research variables and as all correlation coefficients were a positive relationship and at the level of significance 0.01 which made the authors accept the correlation hypotheses, and for the results of the influence factor between the research variables it also had a positive effect when the level of 0.05 for all sections of the independent variable, as we have also noticed that the influence of the independent variable of financial technology when linked to all of its sections with Cybersecurity. We find the influence of the influence coefficient significantly increased to 0.908, which explains that there is a complementarity between the sections of the independent variable.

According to a study conducted by Deloitte & Touche, East African banks lost US48.3m to fraud in the 18 months ended June 2012 attributed to insider collaboration. This was information that prompted me to embark on a study on the effects of employee related frauds on banks’ profitability in Tanzania. Recently there has been a move by the Bank of Tanzania and ongoing efforts to protect the general public against bank fraud. The move is intended to involve BOT, TBA, TCRA, FIU and CCU of the Directorate of Criminal Investigation.
As technology advances, so to do the uncanning and unscrupulous fraudsters’ tactics of manipulating the systems that are alternative channels for customers to get access to their money. Even with the alarming statistics of frauds in the banking industry, experts proclaim that the numbers are much higher as some institutions would rather keep quiet about what has befallen them mainly because of reputational risk or the inconveniences of having to report the matter to the authorities with their long and intimidating investigation procedures.
Therefore this study was carried out in six (6) commercial banks of dar es salaam chosen by using purposive sampling techniques which are NMB, CRDB, NBC, Exim bank, I & M Bank as well as Twiga Bancorp bank. Where by a total of 60 employees were interviewed chosen ten (10) at each Banks randomly. When regression analysis was used to test how much dependent variables (effective controls to mitigate frauds) relate with employee frauds (independent variables). The results revealed that there is statistically significance predictor in effective controls to mitigate frauds in all six surveyed banks. In simple language, this means that effective control to mitigate frauds is attributed to stability of banking software

The study aimed to determine the influence of the attitude of employees toward work and work environment toward work self-efficacy. To deepen the understanding of the study, literature was reviewed and theories were established. The study used the descriptive correlational research design and it used questionnaires to gather the data. The study found that the cognitive attitude of employees toward work is high but the work environment is at a moderate level. Taking the independent variables together, both are correlated to the work self-efficacy of employees. It means that both, attitude toward work and work environment can affect work self-efficacy. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study is accepted.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of rapid changes in financial technologies and their impact on the financial services industry of India. A descriptive study has been made on the implementation of financial technologies in modern-day financial services Industries. An intensive literature review has been done from the existing most recent available journals, newspaper articles, government websites, and magazines. We have discussed the effects of the financial technologies on the existing financial system of India, the threats and challenges faced by the regulators in regulating the novel disruptive technologies. We have also discussed potential threats, challenges and future prospects of upcoming technologies in the mutual funds industry in India. Based on the literature review, it is found that financial technologies (FinTech) have a positive and important effect on the financial services industry of India. The AUM (Asset Under Management) has seen a tremendous jump in the rec...

This purpose of this study is to determine level of employees' job satisfaction and to investigate effect of gender on employees' job satisfaction. Important factors that have an impact on job satisfaction are supervision, relationship with co-workers, present pay, nature of work, and opportunities for promotion. Data for this study was collected from employees of three private airline companies in Iran. Descriptive analysis performed to determine level of employees' job satisfaction. In addition, independent-sample t-test was utilized to ...

The present study investigates the follower's voice behavior (FVB) as a mediator and follower power distance orientation (FPDO) as a moderator in relationship with Benevolent Paternalistic Leadership Behavior (BPLB) and followers' radical creativity (FRC) with an Asian context based on the social exchange and social learning theory. The study is quantitative and deductive, which surveyed 272 manufacturing industry leaders-followers used to collect the data. Findings show that BPLB with higher follower’s voice behavior directly or indirectly enhances the FRC. When the leader-follower collaborative exchange or interactions are high/low, followers' responsibility and accountability are also high/low, which determines follower’s radical creativity. In contrast, the leader-follower relationship is obfuscated and blinded when the leader's subordinates' cooperative voice engagement or involvement is low congruously. Manufacturing industries should engage in leadership t...

Pada dasarnya perusahaan memiliki tujuan utama yaitu memperoleh laba maksimum dari penjualan yang dilakukan perusahan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup perusahaan itu sendiri. Dengan demikian perusahaan dituntut untuk mengikuti perkembangan dan keinginan konsumen agar dapat bersaing dengan perusahaan sejenisnya. Dalam setiap perusahaan dagang persediaan sangat berperan penting dalam menunjang jalannya perusahaan. Maka dari itu diperlukan pengelolaan yang baik terhadap persediaan itu sendiri. Observasi lapang dalam pembahasan skripsi minor ini adalah sistem informasi akuntansi persediaaan stick drum berbasis komputer pada Melodia Mandiri. Tujuannya adalah untuk menganalisis dan merancang sistem persediaan pada Melodia Mandiri. Dari hasil observasi lapang menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan sistem persediaan yang dilaksanakan oleh Melodia Mandiri belum terkelola dengan baik karena masih terdapat persediaan yang mengalami stock out dan over stock. Maka diperlukannya sistem informasi aku...

Educational institutions are globally adopting new technologies in their pedagogical practices in order to stay in tandem with changes in the ICT sector. Many developing countries are moving towards adopting current technologies in their education systems. On September 30, 2016, after the successful completion of a pilot project, Kenya launched the nation-wide rollout of its DigitalLiteracy program (DLP). The program was meant to provide laptops to the standard one and two pupils in public primary schools together with e-content for learning. The program has been adopted in almost all schools in the country. After rolling out of the program, there are various complaints that have been put forward by the users and other stakeholders and this has necessitated studies to establish the challenges experienced and their possible mitigation. This study evaluated the challenges facing the Digital Learning Programme for Primary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was ...

Enterprise risk management (ERM) has gained an increased attention during the recent past as an integrated approach to manage risk for creating and preserving firm value. The objective of this study is to explore and empirically verify as to whether the adoption of the ERM has an impact on the firm performance. This study uses both primary and secondary data pertaining to 129 companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange under the banking & finance, insurance, diversified, manufacturing, food and beverage and chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. Primary and secondary data are collected by distributing a survey questionnaire and analyzing the published financial statements of the observing companies. Researcher adopts ERM integrated framework suggested by the committee of sponsoring organization (COSO) of the Treadway Commission of the USA to assess the value relevance of ERM and uses return on equity (ROE) as a proxy to measure the firm performance. This study finds, except for con...

The internet and online space have created numerous platforms for users to communicate and interact, where each platform provides access to different sources of information. The purpose of the study was to investigate the online ideal self and its influence on brand attitude and attachment towards consumer purchase intention. A unique conceptual model was developed to test the proposed hypotheses of the study. Social media is one of the leading communication platforms that have emerged in the online space. Social media allows consumers and brands to interact in an informal manner from anywhere in the world. The study adopted a quantitative approach utilizing the survey method. Data was collected from 300 consumers. The data was then processed in SPSS 24 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 24 for hypotheses testing. A key finding suggests that social media consumers’ attachment is considerably dependent on their attitudes towards those brands. Brands can use social media to receive r...

The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between workplace well-being and work engagement of Divine Word Colleges’ employees in the Ilocos Region. In order to support the study, theories were presented and related literature and studies were reviewed. The study used a descriptive correlational research design. The respondents of the study were all employees of the Colleges. In carrying out the study, validated questionnaires were used and in tabulating and interpreting the data, weighted mean and Pearson r were used. The study found that there is a correlation between workplace well-being and work engagement of employees of Divine Word Colleges in Region I, Philippines

Contemporary employees spend most of their working lives in the workplace. Work provides economic, social and psychological experiences that promote the mental wellbeing of individuals. The work environment should be devoid of hazards as much as possible to provide healthy and decent work for the workforce. However, numerous injuries, illnesses, property damages, and process losses take place at different workplaces. It is unclear how effectively OSH programs are being implemented in Kenya’s water sector since no study has been done. The general objective of the study was to establish an influence of management commitment on Occupational Health and Safety policies implementation in Water and Sanitation Companies in Kenya, a study of water and Sanitation Companies in Nyeri County. The study was based on the theoretical foundation that comprises two theories Leader-Member Exchange theory and Bourgeois and Brodwins Five Models of Strategy Implementation. The target population consisted...

This study aims to determine the influence of corporate governance on performance of Public Universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on social network theory. To achieve the objective, the study was based on a pragmatic philosophy and mixed research design with a target population of 234 University top managers. Primary data was collected using a 5 point Likert type questionnaire and an interview guide. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that corporate governance had significantly statistical influence on performance of public universities in Kenya. This study concluded that adherence to good corporate governance practices are essential strategies Public Universities can use in their endeavour to improve on their performance. It is further recommended that University top managers should adhere to good corporate governance practices, specifically to management guidelines, allow for public participation and be transparent in their ac...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi sumber daya manusia dan penggunaan teknologi informasi pada kualitas laporan keuangan (studi kasus di Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Situbondo dan Biro Layanan Informasi dan Komunikasi). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan / karyawan & karyawan pengguna teknologi informasi di tiga bank syariah situbondo, yang berjumlah 99 orang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji t, uji F dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kompetensi SDM berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan di Kantor Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Situbondo dan Biro Layanan Informasi dan Komunikasi. Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi mempengaruhi Kualitas Laporan Keuangan di Kantor Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Situbondo dan Biro Layanan Informasi dan Komunikasi.

The study evaluates the effect of reverse logistics operational responsiveness on customer satisfaction in retailing. Data was gathered from 223 online shoppers and the data was analyzed using descriptive analysis to analyze the type of product return and the reasons for return while the effect of reverse logistics operational responsiveness on customer satisfaction was analyzed using multiple regression in accordance with the output of SPSS 21.0 Findings indicated that operational responsiveness in the reverse logistics process significantly influences customer satisfaction.

This study aims to investigate the effect of demographic factors on the turnover intentions of teachers in public secondary schools in Murang’a county Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: To investigate the association between age and education and turnover intentions; to establish the association between gender and turnover intentions; to determine the association between tenure and turnover intentions and to establish the association between educational level and turnover intentions. The study was guided by the Social exchange and Organization equilibrium theories. This study was a cross-sectional study and adopted descriptive and explanatory research designs. The target population was 3752 Teachers Service Commission (TSC) teachers in 304 public secondary schools in Murang’a county Kenya. The study thus used multi-stage random to select a sample size of 400 teachers and 40 schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the demographic ...