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Nine infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis were seen between January 1973 and July 1977. Of the five isolated strains that were typed, only one was type B. All infants had respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and large... more
Nine infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis were seen between January 1973 and July 1977. Of the five isolated strains that were typed, only one was type B. All infants had respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and large alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference gradients. Eight infants weighed less than 1,500 gm and died; one infant weighed 1,701 gm and survived. Roentgenograms in six of eight showed hyaline membrane disease. Pulmonary pathologic specimens in eight infants revealed hyaline membranes in six and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the alveolar spaces in four. In two infants, small Gram-negative bacilli were noted within proteinaceous exudates in alveolar ducts. The route and time of infection in these infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis are unclear. However, the possibility that the infection occurs before birth and that these infants represent septically aborted prematures is suggested by the high incidence of prematurity in infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis and early detection of bacteremia in three infants.
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Many different experimental methods have been developed in recent years to study atomic diffusion phenomena in semiconductors. All were developed for the purpose of either directly or indirectly establishing the distribution of the... more
Many different experimental methods have been developed in recent years to study atomic diffusion phenomena in semiconductors. All were developed for the purpose of either directly or indirectly establishing the distribution of the diffusing species in the semiconductors so that certain aspects of the diffusion phenomena could be properly understood and some theoretical predictions verified. Both direct and indirect methods of establishing the distribution of the diffusing species are numerous. Direct methods include radiochemical, chemical, ion mass spectroscopy, atomic absorption, X-ray, etc. The indirect methods involve the measurement of certain physical properties of the semiconductors that result from the diffusions, such as their electrical conductivity, resistivity, or their optical reflectivity in the infrared range, etc.
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Maternal nicotine exposure increases lung collagen in fetal and newborn animals. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a role in hyperoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis. To determine whether pre- and postnatal nicotine exposure can... more
Maternal nicotine exposure increases lung collagen in fetal and newborn animals. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a role in hyperoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis. To determine whether pre- and postnatal nicotine exposure can augment CTGF expression and postnatal hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis. Nicotine was administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day from gestational days 7-21 (prenatal nicotine-treated group) and gestational day 7 to postnatal day 14 (pre- and postnatal nicotine-treated group). A control group of pregnant dams was injected with an equal volume of saline. Within 12 h of birth, rats were exposed to room air or 1 week of >95% O2 and an additional 2 weeks of 60% O2 (3 weeks of hyperoxia). Lungs were taken for total collagen, CTGF expression and histological analyses. In each maternal treatment group, the rats reared in hyperoxia had a higher total collagen compared with rats reared in room air on postnatal days 7 and 21. Collagen...
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The MEMS based fiber optical switch matrix is clearly an advanced technology for medium and large port-count optical cross-connects in optical networks. Regarding expandability, performance (as integration, insertion loss, polarization... more
The MEMS based fiber optical switch matrix is clearly an advanced technology for medium and large port-count optical cross-connects in optical networks. Regarding expandability, performance (as integration, insertion loss, polarization dependence loss, crosstalk, uniformity, wavelength flatness, directivity, return loss) and long-term reliability (temperature storage and cycling, FIT rate) the digital MEMS based switches meet the applicable Telcordia Generic Requirements. For
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Silicon n-p-n transistors with gain-bandwidth, f T , of 13 GHz and current gain β of 280 have been fabricated by using arsenic capsule diffusion to produce the emitter region. Devices have been fabricated With the same epitaxial and... more
Silicon n-p-n transistors with gain-bandwidth, f T , of 13 GHz and current gain β of 280 have been fabricated by using arsenic capsule diffusion to produce the emitter region. Devices have been fabricated With the same epitaxial and diffusion processes up to emitter diffusion, and then emitter regions were formed by either arsenic or phosphorus diffusion. For the same mask geometry, devices with an arsenic emitter showed 60% improvement over those with a phosphorus emitter in f T and β under the condition of similar intrinsic base sheet resistance, which is a measure of total impurity in the active base region under the emitter. For comparable base width, arsenic-emitter devices show much higher collector punch-through voltage. Experimental data on a comparison between various dc and ac characteristics and circuit speed with these two types of devices will be presented as will data on various emitter geometries with arsenic emitter diffusion.
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy may impair pulmonary function in infants and children, but the exact mechanisms underlying these changes remain to be determined. Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with... more
Maternal smoking during pregnancy may impair pulmonary function in infants and children, but the exact mechanisms underlying these changes remain to be determined. Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with nicotine at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day from days 3-21 of gestation. A control group was injected with saline. Nicotine-treated dams had lower body weights than control dams from gestational days 5-21, and the values reached statistical significance on gestational days 17, 20, and 21. Total lung saturated phosphatidylcholine contents tended to be lower in nicotine-exposed rats than in control rats from postnatal day 21, and the values reached statistical significance on postnatal days 35 and 42. Maternal nicotine exposure significantly increased surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 7, and decreased SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D mRNA expression on postnatal day 14. In conclusion, maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy reduces lung surfactant lipids and produces variable changes in surfactant protein gene expression during the late postnatal period. As good surface activity of pulmonary surfactant is essential for normal lung function, these results suggest that derangement of the pulmonary surfactant system may be important in the pathogenesis of impaired pulmonary function in children exposed in utero to nicotine.
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Chromatography, Medicine, Gene expression, Pregnancy, and 15 moreInternal Medicine, Nicotine, Female, Animals, Lung, Pediatric Pulmonology, Rats, Gestation, Pulmonary Surfactant, Maternal-fetal exchange, Maternal Exposure, Random Allocation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and In Utero
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... Metabolism 1976; 25: 127-130. CrossRef | PubMed. 13 Yeh Tf, Thalji A., Luken J., Raval D., Carr I., Pildes Rs. ... PubMed. 5 Olive D., Andre E., Brocardo O., Labrude P., Alexandre P.. Lupus érythémateux disséminé révélé par des... more
... Metabolism 1976; 25: 127-130. CrossRef | PubMed. 13 Yeh Tf, Thalji A., Luken J., Raval D., Carr I., Pildes Rs. ... PubMed. 5 Olive D., Andre E., Brocardo O., Labrude P., Alexandre P.. Lupus érythémateux disséminé révélé par des thrombophlébites des membres inférieurs. ...
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Research Interests: Nursing, Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Humans, Anesthesia, and 13 moreLung, Clinical Sciences, Newborn Infant, Public health systems and services research, Lung Volume Measurements, Gestational Age, Blood gas analysis, Lung Volumes, Aspiration Pneumonia, Arterial blood-gases, Meconium, Functional residual capacity, and Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
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Research Interests: Nursing, Cardiology, Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, Echocardiography, and 13 moreHumans, Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Newborn Infant, Cardiovascular system, Public health systems and services research, Blood gas analysis, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Ductus Arteriosus, Clinical evaluation, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Scoring system, and Premature infant
In the course of a double-blind controlled study of intravenous indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ducts arteriosus (PDA), dynamic lung compliance (CL) was determined in 11 infants (six control, five indomethacin) who... more
In the course of a double-blind controlled study of intravenous indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ducts arteriosus (PDA), dynamic lung compliance (CL) was determined in 11 infants (six control, five indomethacin) who were not on assisted ventilation during the study period. The clinical, biochemical and laboratory data before the study were comparable between the groups. Following therapy with indomethacin there was a significant decrease in left atrial/aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) on echocardiogram, and an increase in tidal volume (VT) and CL. In the control group, these variables did not change significantly. The improved lung compliance following early indomethacin closure of PDA may alter the clinical course and outcome of these premature infants.
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An indirect calorimetry system of measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production has been frequently used for preterm infants. The energy consumption and metabolic measurements are based on flow-through technology. The... more
An indirect calorimetry system of measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production has been frequently used for preterm infants. The energy consumption and metabolic measurements are based on flow-through technology. The noninvasive measurement feature of the indirect calorimeter is widely used in pediatric clinical research. However, the indirect calorimeter has several limitations for small preterm infants, particularly the ill infant weighing < 1.0 kg. In this paper, we propose some technologies and methodologies to improve the performance of the indirect calorimetry. According to these technologies and methodologies, we redesign the indirect calorimeter proposed in our pervious study. The laboratory evaluation at the different alcohol combustion rates and several exhaust flow rates is used to survey the improved performance. As the results, the accuracy and precision is enhanced by these methods and the lowest oxygen consumption rate, 4.35 ml/min, fits for baby weig...
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The effect of indomethacin on carbohydrate metabolism was studied in six premature infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus (mean +/- S.D., birth weight 1,066 +/- 244 gm, gestational age 30 +/- 1.6 weeks). All infants were in a... more
The effect of indomethacin on carbohydrate metabolism was studied in six premature infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus (mean +/- S.D., birth weight 1,066 +/- 244 gm, gestational age 30 +/- 1.6 weeks). All infants were in a glucose steady state between 50 and 100 mg/dl over a 2-hour period before indomethacin administration. There was a significant fall in plasma glucose at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours following intravenous indomethacin infusion. Since there was no significant change in insulin levels from the baseline, the mechanism of indomethacin-mediated lack of prostaglandin inhibition of insulin release was not substantiated. Based on this study, plasma glucose levels should be followed closely in the first 24 hours following intravenous indomethacin administration.
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Research Interests: Pharmacology, Endocrinology, Neuropharmacology, Drug Discovery, Pharmacokinetics, and 15 moreMedicine, Pulmonary Hypertension, Pharmaceutics, Internal Medicine, Female, Animals, Male, Amides, Rats, Pyridines, Muscle hypertrophy, Hyperoxia, Genitourinary, Antihypertensive agents, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Pathogenesis, Inflammation, Medicine, Lipopolysaccharide, and 15 moreInternal Medicine, Collagen, Female, Animals, Fibrosis, Lung, Lipopolysaccharides, Oxygen, Body Weight, Hyperoxia, Gene Expression Regulation, Maternal Exposure, Interleukin, Interferon gamma, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
Objective. To assess the effects of early postnatal dexamethasone therapy on hematologic values in preterm infants. Materials and Methods. We reviewed the hematologic data of 179 preterm infants who participated in a double-blind clinical... more
Objective. To assess the effects of early postnatal dexamethasone therapy on hematologic values in preterm infants. Materials and Methods. We reviewed the hematologic data of 179 preterm infants who participated in a double-blind clinical trial of early postnatal dexamethasone therapy (&lt;12 hours after birth) for the prevention of chronic lung disease. One group (86 infants) received saline and the other group (93 infants) received dexamethasone. Dexamethasone was given intravenously every 12 hours in tapering doses: 0.25 mg/kg on days 1 to 7, 0.12 mg/kg on days 8 to 14, 0.05 mg/kg on days 15 to 21, and 0.02 mg/kg on days 21 to 28. Blood samples were obtained on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28. None of the infants received prenatal steroid therapy. Results. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant differences in the values versus time curves of the white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, basophil, and eosinophil counts between the two groups. The white blood cell count was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group on days 7 through 14, and this was associated with significantly higher numbers of segmented neutrophils and band forms and significantly lower numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils. The hematocrit and platelet counts were similar in the two groups throughout most of the trial. Except for platelet count, steroid therapy did not alter the hematologic values for infants with bacteremia. Conclusion. Dexamethasone affects white blood cell, segmented neutrophil, lymphocyte, basophil, and eosinophil counts in neonates. This should be taken into consideration when evaluating preterm infants who are receiving dexamethasone. early dexamethasone therapy; neonatal blood count; preterm infant; respiratory distress syndrome.
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Research Interests: Pediatrics, Child Development, Incidence Geometry, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreFemale, Male, Infant, Time Factors, Trachea, Retrospective Studies, Drug Compounding, Budesonide, Glucocorticoids, Respiratory distress, Child preschool, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, Biological products, Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive, and Infant Premature
We studied the effect of penicillin on early-onset Group B streptococcal disease over a 52-month period in neonates who were at high risk of infection. Shortly after birth, 1187 neonates weighing 2000 g or less had blood samples taken for... more
We studied the effect of penicillin on early-onset Group B streptococcal disease over a 52-month period in neonates who were at high risk of infection. Shortly after birth, 1187 neonates weighing 2000 g or less had blood samples taken for cultures and were randomized into an early-treatment group (given intramuscular penicillin G within 60 minutes of birth) or a control group. The incidence of early-onset disease was 20 per 1000 live births (24 of 1187); the number of infants in the early-treatment group who had disease (10 of 589) was similar to that in the control group (14 of 598). The fatality rates were similar in both groups (6 of 10 vs. 8 of 14). Cultures from blood obtained with one hour of birth were positive in 21 of the 24 infants with disease; 22 of the 24 were symptomatic within four hours of birth. Thus, infection was well established before the first hour of postnatal life. At autopsy, gram-positive cocci were seen in lung sections of four infants in whom cultures of blood obtained after treatment had been sterile; this indicates that giving routine antibiotic therapy before culture samples are obtained can obscure bacteriologic diagnosis. We conclude that penicillin given at birth to neonates weighing 2000 g or less does not prevent early-onset streptococcal disease or reduce excess mortality associated with disease.
Research Interests: Pediatrics, Incidence Geometry, Medicine, Humans, Female, and 14 moreMale, Antibiotics, Newborn Infant, New England, Streptococcus agalactiae, New England Journalof Medicine, Blood Culture, Penicillin, Penicillin G, Random Allocation, Clinical Trials as Topic, Medical and Health Sciences, Case fatality rate, and Streptococcal infections
From June 1980 to September 1984, forty-five newborns (weight greater than or equal to 2000 g), initially presumed normal, were seen with bilious vomiting in the first 72 hours and were prospectively followed up. Nine (20%) required... more
From June 1980 to September 1984, forty-five newborns (weight greater than or equal to 2000 g), initially presumed normal, were seen with bilious vomiting in the first 72 hours and were prospectively followed up. Nine (20%) required surgical intervention, five (11%) had nonsurgical obstruction such as meconium plug or left microcolon, and the remaining 31 (69%) had idiopathic bilious vomiting. Infants with idiopathic bilious vomiting had a benign transient course and resumed feedings by 1 week of age; 30 of the 31 had normal or nonspecific findings on initial plain abdominal roentgenogram. Specific findings on the initial plain abdominal roentgenogram were noted in five infants, and four (80%) of these had a lesion requiring surgical intervention; 56% (5/9) of neonates with surgical lesions had normal or nonspecific findings on the plain abdominal roentgenograms. None developed bowel ischemia or midgut infarction secondary to a volvulus as they were identified by contrast studies shortly after the initial episode of bilious vomiting. Although the majority of &quot;normal&quot; neonates with bilious vomiting do not have a surgical lesion, this study indicates that 56% of surgical cases will be missed if contrast studies are not done.
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Calcium, Medicine, Dexamethasone, Humans, and 15 moreInternal Medicine, Placebo, Female, Male, Lung, Parathyroid Hormone, Newborn Infant, Homeostasis, Age Factors, Glucocorticoids, Respiratory distress, Psychomotor Performance, bone development, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Infant Premature
Research Interests: Intelligence, England, Growth, Dexamethasone, Humans, and 15 moreChild, Chronic Disease, Female, Male, Lung Diseases, Cognitive Function, Body Weight, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Chronic lung disease, Glucocorticoids, Control Group, Adverse effect, Medical and Health Sciences, Infant Premature, and Head Circumference
A nationwide decline in postnatal steroid use has possibly occurred pursuant to the 2002 AAP Statement that, “outside the context of a randomized, controlled trial, the use of corticosteroids should be limited to exceptional clinical... more
A nationwide decline in postnatal steroid use has possibly occurred pursuant to the 2002 AAP Statement that, “outside the context of a randomized, controlled trial, the use of corticosteroids should be limited to exceptional clinical circumstances (e.g., an infant on maximal ventilatory and oxygen support)”.1 Studies in preterm infants have found that the early beneficial effects of corticosteroids on the pulmonary system are outweighed by an increased risk of adverse effects including impaired growth and neurodevelopmental delay.2 The objective of this study was to determine the …
Research Interests: Pediatrics, Medicine, Humans, Chronic Disease, Lung Diseases, and 11 moreAnti-inflammatory agents, Newborn Infant, Professional Practice, Randomized Controlled Trial, Intensive Care Medicine, Chronic lung disease, Adverse effect, Health Care Surveys, Adrenal cortex hormones, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Infant Premature
... 4. Lim JE, Chien MW, Earle CC. ... these harmful synergies, we should abandon prospective trials of corticoste-roids in infants who weigh less than 1000 g. Phillip V. Gordon, MD, Ph.D. University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22908... more
... 4. Lim JE, Chien MW, Earle CC. ... these harmful synergies, we should abandon prospective trials of corticoste-roids in infants who weigh less than 1000 g. Phillip V. Gordon, MD, Ph.D. University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22908 pvg4n@virginia.edu 1. Gordon P, Rutledge J ...
Research Interests: Intelligence, Cognition, Medicine, England, Dexamethasone, and 15 moreBrain, Humans, Child, Lung, Newborn Infant, Combination drug therapy, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Glucocorticoids, Motor Skills, Indomethacin, Intestinal Perforation, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Drug synergism, Medical and Health Sciences, and Infant Premature
Research Interests: Calcium, Medicine, Dexamethasone, Humans, Female, and 15 moreMale, Lung, Parathyroid Hormone, Newborn Infant, Homeostasis, Age Factors, Body Weight, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Indexation, Glucocorticoids, Control Group, Psychomotor Performance, bone development, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Infant Premature
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To evaluate if chest physiotherapy is beneficial to premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) during the first 24 hours of life, 20 infants were randomly assigned to two groups; 10 infants in Group I received routine... more
To evaluate if chest physiotherapy is beneficial to premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) during the first 24 hours of life, 20 infants were randomly assigned to two groups; 10 infants in Group I received routine chest physiotherapy and suction, and 10 infants in Group II received suction only. The birth weight, gestational age, postnatal age, Apgar scores, blood gases, acid-base status, and ventilatory requirements prior to study were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in the amount of endotracheal secretions removed, the PO2/FIO2 ratio, blood gases, and pH during the study. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), Grade I and II intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and mortality was comparable. However, five of 10 Group I and zero of 10 Group II infants developed Grade III or IV IVH (P less than 0.05).
Research Interests: Percussion, Incidence Geometry, Medicine, Humans, Pubmed, and 15 moreClinical Sciences, Chest Physiotherapy, Perinatology, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Gestational Age, Suction, Ductus Arteriosus, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Exudates and Transudates, Apgar Score, Respiratory distress, Random Allocation, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Respiration Artificial
Research Interests: Incidence Geometry, Treatment Outcome, Medicine, Dexamethasone, Humans, and 13 moreChronic Disease, Female, Male, Lung Diseases, Sepsis, Anti-inflammatory agents, Pediatric Pulmonology, Newborn Infant, Randomized Controlled Trial, Survival Rate, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Respiratory distress, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
Research Interests: Medicine, Humans, Low Birth Weight, Female, Male, and 10 moreSurfactant, Mechanical Ventilation, Combination drug therapy, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Budesonide, Respiratory distress, Respiratory distress syndrome, Medical and Health Sciences, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Respiration Artificial
UNLABELLED Birth weight and gestational age are strongly associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to survey the vital statistics of premature and low birthweight infants in the Tainan area. Between July... more
UNLABELLED Birth weight and gestational age are strongly associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to survey the vital statistics of premature and low birthweight infants in the Tainan area. Between July 1991 and April 1992, fifteen medical institutions were included on a voluntary basis: eight from level I (obstetric specialty clinic), six from level II (regional hospital), and one from level III (tertiary care center). A total of 14,307 deliveries were enrolled, accounting for about 60% of the total delivery for that year in the area. The proportions of delivery among level I, II and III were 52%, 41% and 7%, respectively. The incidence of premature singleton live birth was 4.6%, and the percentages of gestation between 20-27 weeks, 28-31 weeks and 32-37 weeks were 0.2%, 0.6% and 3.8%, respectively. The premature births accounted for 3.5%, 4.8% and 11.3% of live births at the level I, II and III hospitals, respectively. The incidence of low birthw...
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Surfactant is a useful vehicle for the intratracheal delivery of medicine to the distal lung. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of intratracheal surfactant and budesonide instillation on the pulmonary distribution of... more
Surfactant is a useful vehicle for the intratracheal delivery of medicine to the distal lung. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of intratracheal surfactant and budesonide instillation on the pulmonary distribution of fluorescent dye in mice. Male athymic nude mice were assigned randomly as controls, fluorescent dye, fluorescent dye + surfactant (50 mg/kg), fluorescent dye + budesonide (0.25 mg/kg), and fluorescent dye + surfactant + budesonide groups. A total volume of 60 μL fluorescent solutions was intratracheally injected and followed by 60 μL of air. We photographed and measured fluorescence in the lungs, from the back, 15 minutes after intratracheal administration using an IVIS Xenogen imaging instrument. The fluorescent dye (1,1'-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide) was most strongly detected near the trachea and weakly detected in the lungs in mice administered with fluorescent solutions. Almost no fluorescence was seen in the lung region of co...
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During the 4-year period February 1989 to January 1993, 13 premature babies aged 1-21 days and with congenital syphilis were admitted to the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Of the 13 premature infants, 8 (62%) had unusual... more
During the 4-year period February 1989 to January 1993, 13 premature babies aged 1-21 days and with congenital syphilis were admitted to the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Of the 13 premature infants, 8 (62%) had unusual desquamation over palms and soles. Bone changes with periosteal reaction and/or metaphyseal dystrophy were observed in 11 cases (85%). Three mothers were diagnosed as being infected during pregnancy; 2 were treated with penicillin. The clinical features of congenital syphilis in premature neonates are somewhat different from those previously reported. Bone changes, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory distress, skin lesions, especially over the soles and palms, cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, and jaundice were the major manifestations in our series. In premature infants with these symptoms and signs, congenital syphilis should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses. Once the diagnosis of congenital syphilis is made, adequate penicillin therapy should be given.