The use of barley grain as a whole grain food or food ingredient through the development of various products from improved varieties has increased sharply in developed countries and is linked to health claims. Barley landraces are... more
The use of barley grain as a whole grain food or food ingredient through the development of various products from improved varieties has increased sharply in developed countries and is linked to health claims. Barley landraces are preferred for making traditional dishes and are conserved in genebanks worldwide. International barley landraces from the collection at ICARDA were assessed for food quality traits and the genetic diversity was investigated using twenty genic-and genomic SSR markers. SNP in ...
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... growth vigor, leaf area index, leaf waxiness, stomatal density, tiller development, flowering time,maturity-rate, cell membrane stability, cell wall rheology ... phenotypic and genetic diversity and distinct changes in allele... more
... growth vigor, leaf area index, leaf waxiness, stomatal density, tiller development, flowering time,maturity-rate, cell membrane stability, cell wall rheology ... phenotypic and genetic diversity and distinct changes in allele frequencies along climatic and geographic gradients. ...
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The CGIAR crop improvement (CI) programs, unlike commercial CI programs, which are mainly geared to profit though meeting farmers’ needs, are charged with meeting multiple objectives with target populations that include both farmers and... more
The CGIAR crop improvement (CI) programs, unlike commercial CI programs, which are mainly geared to profit though meeting farmers’ needs, are charged with meeting multiple objectives with target populations that include both farmers and the community at large. We compiled the opinions from >30 experts in the private and public sector on key strategies, methodologies, and activities that could the help CGIAR meet the challenges of providing farmers with improved varieties while simultaneously meeting the goals of: (i) nutrition, health, and food security; (ii) poverty reduction, livelihoods, and jobs; (iii) gender equality, youth, and inclusion; (iv) climate adaptation and mitigation; and (v) environmental health and biodiversity. We review the crop improvement processes starting with crop choice, moving through to breeding objectives, production of potential new varieties, selection, and finally adoption by farmers. The importance of multidisciplinary teams working towards common...
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Barley Genetic Improvement and Research Activities at Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Peru Luz Gómez Pando, Marino Romero Loli, Jorge Jiménez, Ana Eguiluz, and Gastón Zolla Cereals Program, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad... more
Barley Genetic Improvement and Research Activities at Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Peru Luz Gómez Pando, Marino Romero Loli, Jorge Jiménez, Ana Eguiluz, and Gastón Zolla Cereals Program, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Molina ( ...
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Highlights of the Barley Breeding Program in Egypt Ismail A. Ahmed Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research ... Saharawy 6 Baladi 16/Atsel Rainfed 1955Bonus 2 Bonus (introduction) Irrigated 1956... more
Highlights of the Barley Breeding Program in Egypt Ismail A. Ahmed Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research ... Saharawy 6 Baladi 16/Atsel Rainfed 1955Bonus 2 Bonus (introduction) Irrigated 1956 Giza 117 6 Baladi 16/Palestine 10 ...
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The unpredictable nature of climate change challenges most of the established agricultural practices. The concept of food security and yield stability must be addressed with regards to all possible agronomic solutions to future climatic... more
The unpredictable nature of climate change challenges most of the established agricultural practices. The concept of food security and yield stability must be addressed with regards to all possible agronomic solutions to future climatic instability. Evolutionary and ...
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Research Interests: Geography, Biology, Jordan, Medicine, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreMicrosatellites, Linkage, Cluster Analysis, Genome, Analysis of Variance, Gramineae, Linkage Disequilibrium, Base Sequence, Genetic Mapping, Chloroplast, Microsatellite DNA, Genetic Variability, Molecular Sequence Data, microsatellite loci, and Gene frequency
Approaches to food security primarily focus on technological solutions, seeking to produce more food, preferably with fewer resources. It has been argued that access to food involves issues of resource distribution and social... more
Approaches to food security primarily focus on technological solutions, seeking to produce more food, preferably with fewer resources. It has been argued that access to food involves issues of resource distribution and social marginalization. Governance is seen as one of the keys to redressing the institutional inequity that affects resource distribution. Rural women's empowerment is seen as a means to reduce social marginalization and to hasten progress towards hunger eradication and gender equitable institutions. Building on the empirical findings of a six-year study (2006–2011) undertaken in the context of a participatory barley breeding (PBB) programme in prewar Syria, this paper establishes the links between women's empowerment, seed improvement through PPB and seed governance vis-à-vis household food security. The study shows how the programme enhanced the empowerment of the respondent women and how gender-blind seed governance regimes at national and international lev...
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It is widely recognized that modern agriculture and plant breeding have been beneficial for better-off farmers in more optimal environments, but not so beneficial for the poorest farmers in marginal environments. Whether addressing... more
It is widely recognized that modern agriculture and plant breeding have been beneficial for better-off farmers in more optimal environments, but not so beneficial for the poorest farmers in marginal environments. Whether addressing optimal or marginal environments, plant breeding practice is often based on a number of assumptions which in turn are based on widespread conventional interpretations of theory regarding the biological or the social and institutional basis of plant breeding. This chapter documents tests of these assumptions using mostly data from the barley breeding programme at ICARDA, in collaboration with farmers and national breeding programmes in a number of countries in West Asia and in Africa. Results of these tests have led to greater understanding of the application of basic biological theory of plant breeding to marginal environments, about the potential of farmers to work with plant breeders and to contribute to professional plant breeding and to innovations in...
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... etal.(1997) Common bean 0.19 0.20 0.97 Schneider etal.(1997) Flax 0.44 0.56 0.89 Allen etal.(1978) Maize 0.52 0.71 0.86 Selmani and Wassom ... She was the only one to select twice one of the two Algerian landraces, Tichedrette, and... more
... etal.(1997) Common bean 0.19 0.20 0.97 Schneider etal.(1997) Flax 0.44 0.56 0.89 Allen etal.(1978) Maize 0.52 0.71 0.86 Selmani and Wassom ... She was the only one to select twice one of the two Algerian landraces, Tichedrette, and once the other Algerian landrace, Saida. ...
... Raqqa-2 Bylounan 212.4 Zanbaka/JLB37-064 Karim Bylounan 212.4 Tadmor/3/Moroc9-75/ ArabiAswad//H.spont.41-4 Akram Bylounan 212.4 Mo.B1337/WI2291//Moroc9–75/3/SLB31– 24 Suran-1 Suran 383.7 ChiCm/An57//Albert/3/Alger/Ceres.362-1-1/4/Arta... more
... Raqqa-2 Bylounan 212.4 Zanbaka/JLB37-064 Karim Bylounan 212.4 Tadmor/3/Moroc9-75/ ArabiAswad//H.spont.41-4 Akram Bylounan 212.4 Mo.B1337/WI2291//Moroc9–75/3/SLB31– 24 Suran-1 Suran 383.7 ChiCm/An57//Albert/3/Alger/Ceres.362-1-1/4/Arta ...
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1 International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria 2 Central Laboratory for Agricultural Expert Systems (CLAES), PO Box 438, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 3 International Crop Research Institute... more
1 International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria 2 Central Laboratory for Agricultural Expert Systems (CLAES), PO Box 438, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 3 International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics ( ...
A genetic linkage map has been developed for recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the cross 'Arta' x Hordeum spontaneum 41-1. One hundred and ninety four RILs, randomly chosen from a population of 494 RILs, were mapped with... more
A genetic linkage map has been developed for recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the cross 'Arta' x Hordeum spontaneum 41-1. One hundred and ninety four RILs, randomly chosen from a population of 494 RILs, were mapped with 189 markers including one morphological trait ( btr = brittle rachis locus). The linkage map extended to 890 cM. Agronomic traits such as grain yield, biological yield, days to heading, plant height, cold tolerance and others were evaluated at the ICARDA research stations Tel Hadya and Breda during the years 1996-97 and 1997-98. QTLs for agronomic traits related to drought resistance were localized. For the most-important character 'plant height under drought stress', QTLs on 2H, 3H and 7H were detected. The 'plant height' QTLs, specially the one on 3H, showed pleiotropic effects on traits such as days to heading, grain yield and biological yield. QTLs were also identified for other traits associated with adaptation to the Mediterranean environment such as cold tolerance, days to heading and tiller number. The identification of QTLs for agronomic traits is a first step to analyze and to dissect complex characters such as adaptation to drought tolerance.
Research Interests: Technology, Adaptation, Morphology, Drought Stress, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreAgronomic Traits, Drought tolerance, Cold Tolerance, Seeds, Gramineae, QTL, Quantitative Trait Loci, Mediterranean Climate, Grain Yield, Genetic Mapping, Environment, Drought Resistance, Plant Height, Genetic Linkage Map, and Heading
Barley straw is commonly used as animal feed in many developing countries. Even a small increase in its nutritive value can have a large impact on animal production, and hence, on rural livelihood and human nutrition. Straw quality is... more
Barley straw is commonly used as animal feed in many developing countries. Even a small increase in its nutritive value can have a large impact on animal production, and hence, on rural livelihood and human nutrition. Straw quality is strongly affected by environmental factors and is, therefore, difficult to improve with empirical breeding. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers to facilitate the improvement of straw quality in barley. For this purpose, we have used the genetic linkage map that was already developed for recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the cross between a Hordeum vulgare cultivar ('Arta') and a H. spontaneum line (H. spontaneum 41-1), covering a total of 890 cM. Straw parameters from RILs grown at Tel Hadya and Breda (ICARDA's research stations) in 2 years (1996/1997 and 1997/1998) were analyzed by NIRS for predicted nutritional characteristics including neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, digestible organic matter in dry matter, voluntary intake, crude protein, and straw morphology (the percentage of blades, sheaths, and stems). Localization of QTLs was performed using Windows QTL Cartographer, version 2.0. Seventy-three QTLs were identified, the majority of which (17) in the driest of the four environments. Only six QTLs were identified in two environments; in five cases, one of the two was the wettest environment. This is discussed in relation to the possibility of improving straw quality in favorable environments where yields are higher, rather than in dry environments where straw quality is already relatively good.
Research Interests: Genetics, NIRS, Breeding, Animal Nutrition, Animal Production, and 15 moreHuman Nutrition, Biological Sciences, Developing Country, Animal Feed, Hordeum vulgare, Molecular Marker, Crude Protein, Dry Matter, Organic Matter, Genetic Markers, Genetic Linkage Map, Nutritive Value, Acid Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Environmental factor
Precise assessment of an association among traits of a crop plant is helpful in developing crop-improvement strategies. Two types of association, genotypic correlation and phenotypic correlation, may be used. An estimate of correlation is... more
Precise assessment of an association among traits of a crop plant is helpful in developing crop-improvement strategies. Two types of association, genotypic correlation and phenotypic correlation, may be used. An estimate of correlation is required along with a measure of precision in terms of standard error. Methods for the evaluation of the standard errors of genotypic and phenotypic correlations are not available in the literature, and when trials are conducted in incomplete blocks an algebraic evaluation of such correlation is cumbersome. Three methods – simulation, jackknife and bootstrap – have been used to evaluate bias and standard errors of genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations. We have evaluated their performance with data on grain yield, days-to-heading, and plant height, in barley genotypes in triple lattices. Simulation and jackknife techniques were found to be closer, compared to bootstrap, and can be recommended for assessing the precision of correlation estimates.
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Research Interests: Population Genetics, Breeding, Applied Research, Innate immunity, Genetic Diversity, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Phylogeny, Population structure, Plant Genome Project, Expressed Sequence Tags, Hordeum vulgare, Phenotype, Genotype, Association Mapping, Linkage Disequilibrium, Mediterranean region, Genetic variation, Mediterranean Basin, Genetic distance, and Genetic Markers
Research Interests: Genetics, Technology, Population Genetics, Biological Sciences, Hordeum vulgare, and 14 morePhenotype, Genotype, Environmental Conditions, Mediterranean region, Quantitative Trait Loci, Harvest Index, Grain Yield, Complex Traits, Mediterranean Basin, Environment, Genetic Markers, Plant Height, Data Gathering, and Yield component
Fast growth and early development in barley are used in breeding programmes to improve the water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency of this crop in Mediterranean conditions. Here, we examine the use of several simple traits based... more
Fast growth and early development in barley are used in breeding programmes to improve the water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency of this crop in Mediterranean conditions. Here, we examine the use of several simple traits based on the structure and stable isotope composition of seedling leaves to assess differences in early vigour, phenology and grain yield, and also the
Research Interests: Plant Biology, Water use efficiency, Stable Isotope, Early development, Nitrogen, and 12 moreSoil sciences, Nitrogen Isotopes, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Carbon Isotope, Vapour pressure deficit, Low Temperature, Grain Yield, Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Leaf Area, chlorophyll Content, Dry Weight, and Hordeum vulgare L
ABSTRACT With 1 figure and 4 tablesAbstractThe study assessed farmers’ and breeders’ selection efficiencies in one cycle of selection in a participatory barley breeding program. The selectors were compared with each other for objectively... more
ABSTRACT With 1 figure and 4 tablesAbstractThe study assessed farmers’ and breeders’ selection efficiencies in one cycle of selection in a participatory barley breeding program. The selectors were compared with each other for objectively measured agronomic traits and for their selection scores. Farmers’ scores were positively correlated with grain yield in all locations while breeders’ scores not always. The selection criteria of farmers varied with location; those in low-moisture areas selected for tall plants while those in high rainfall area for short. Breeders’ gave high scores to tall entries regardless of the selection environment. The results showed that in all locations farmers were at least as efficient as or, in most cases, more efficient than breeders in identifying high yielding genotypes with desirable traits for their specific environment indicating their competence in selection. Breeders appeared to select for their wide geographic mandate area while farmers focused on their specific locality. The finding indicates that decentralized participatory plant breeding is important to increase and stabilize productivity and maintain genetic diversity as each pocket area is occupied by the best and different genotypes.
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ABSTRACT
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The objective of this paper is to describe the process and the results of the evaluation of the knowledge sharing (KS) during and after an International Farmers' Conference organized at the International Center for... more
The objective of this paper is to describe the process and the results of the evaluation of the knowledge sharing (KS) during and after an International Farmers' Conference organized at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and involving over 50 ...
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Barley grain yield in rainfed Mediterranean regions can be largely influenced by terminal drought events. In this study the ecophysiological performance of the ‘Nure’ (winter)בTremois’ (spring) barley mapping population (118 Doubled... more
Barley grain yield in rainfed Mediterranean regions can be largely influenced by terminal drought events. In this study the ecophysiological performance of the ‘Nure’ (winter)בTremois’ (spring) barley mapping population (118 Doubled Haploids, DHs) was evaluated in a multi-environment trial of eighteen site–year combinations across the Mediterranean Basin during two consecutive harvest years (2004 and 2005). Mean grain yield of sites
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Spatial variability in field trials is a reality. A proportion of this is accounted for as inter-block variability by using block (complete or incomplete) designs. A large amount of spatial variability still remains unaccounted for,... more
Spatial variability in field trials is a reality. A proportion of this is accounted for as inter-block variability by using block (complete or incomplete) designs. A large amount of spatial variability still remains unaccounted for, however, and this may lead to erroneous conclusions. To capture this inexplicable variation (which is mainly due to intra-block variation), yield data from a series of variety yield trials, using cereals and legumes, were analysed using various spatial models. The most suitable of these, selected on the basis of the Akaike Information Criterion, were used to assess the relative performance of genotypes. Although incomplete-block designs have been found to be effective in variety trials, spatial models have added considerable value to trials with legumes and cereals. The ‘best’ spatial models gave efficiency values of over 330% in winter-sown chickpea (Cicer arietinum), 140% in lentil (Lens esculenta), and 150% in barley (Hordeum spp.) trials. Furthermore...
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... Grando2,Rajeev K Varshney3,Andreas Graner3,Salvatore Ceccarelli2,Jan Valkoun2(1.School of Life Science,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;2.International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA),POBox... more
... Grando2,Rajeev K Varshney3,Andreas Graner3,Salvatore Ceccarelli2,Jan Valkoun2(1.School of Life Science,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;2.International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA),POBox 5466,Aleppo,Syria;3.Department ...
Research Interests: Technology, Plant breeding and genetics, Biological Sciences, Seasonality, Genotype X Environment Interaction, and 9 moreEnvironmental Effect, Selection Criteria, Hordeum vulgare, Barley, Participatory Plant Breeding, Environmental Stress, Group Selection, Grain Yield, and Farmer Participatory Research
Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and landraces are important sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses since they possess wide genetic diversity that may be missing in current elite varieties. In this study, we... more
Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and landraces are important sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses since they possess wide genetic diversity that may be missing in current elite varieties. In this study, we evaluated a set of 57 barley introgression lines divided in groups depending on the expected levels of introgression (50, 25, and 12.5%) from one Hordeum spontaneum accessions (Hsp 41-1) and on those (50 and 25%) from a second (Hsp 41-5); in both cases the 25% level was represented by two ...
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S. Ceccarelli1, S. Grando1, E. Bailey1, A. Amri1, M. El-Felah2, F. Nassif3, S. Rezgui4 & A. Yahyaoui1 1International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466 Aleppo, Syria; 2Institut National de la Recherche... more
S. Ceccarelli1, S. Grando1, E. Bailey1, A. Amri1, M. El-Felah2, F. Nassif3, S. Rezgui4 & A. Yahyaoui1 1International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466 Aleppo, Syria; 2Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisia (INRAT), Rue ...