Mit dem Fokus auf ausländer- und demokratiefeindliche Einstellungen von Schülern wird in der Studie geprüft, ob schultypspezifische Unterschiede in der politisch-sozialen Toleranz auch jenseits erwartbarer Selektionsprozesse bestehen. Zu... more
Mit dem Fokus auf ausländer- und demokratiefeindliche Einstellungen von Schülern wird in der Studie geprüft, ob schultypspezifische Unterschiede in der politisch-sozialen Toleranz auch jenseits erwartbarer Selektionsprozesse bestehen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zunächst querschnittlich Effekte des Schultyps auf die Einstellungen von Jungen und Mädchen in der mittleren Adoleszenz (N = 203) bei Kontrolle familialer Hintergrundmerkmale analysiert. Anhand längsschnittlicher Daten von zwei Messzeitpunkten (N = 147) wurden dann dieselben Analysen unter zusätzlicher Kontrolle der Vormessung der Einstellungsvariablen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen eigenständigen Effekt des besuchten Schultyps hin, der zwar absolut gesehen gering, aber statistisch bedeutsam ist. (DIPF/Orig.)
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Der Aufsatz untersucht Aspekte von Kultur, die die individuelle Interessen- und Leistungsentwicklung von Schülerinnen und Schülern prägen ... . Die vorgestellten Analysen beziehen sich auf Wichtigkeits- und Nützlichkeitsurteile von... more
Der Aufsatz untersucht Aspekte von Kultur, die die individuelle Interessen- und Leistungsentwicklung von Schülerinnen und Schülern prägen ... . Die vorgestellten Analysen beziehen sich auf Wichtigkeits- und Nützlichkeitsurteile von Schülern zu Mathematik. Sie werden im Kontext von Überzeugungen zu Deutsch als weiterer Domäne und zu Allgemeinbildung untersucht. Dabei ist das erste Anliegen deskriptiver Art. Es werden Urteile zu den drei betrachteten Bereichen verglichen sowie Variationen in Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht und besuchten Schultyp geprüft. Die zweite Frage richtet sich auf Zusammenhänge zwischen den Einschätzungen, die sich auf Mathematik, Deutsch und Allgemeinbildung beziehen ... . Schließlich werden im dritten Schritt Zusammenhänge zwischen den von Schülern wahrgenommenen Elternurteilen und den Schülern selbst betrachtet. (DIPF/Orig.)
Research Interests: Education, Humanities, Germany, General Education, Empirical Study, and 15 moreDeutschland, Parents, Grammar School, Entwicklung, DDC, Learning Motivation, Peer Groups, Gymnasium, Befragung, Eltern, Deutschunterricht, Empirische Bildungsforschung, German Language Teaching, Gleichaltrigengruppe, and Mathematikunterricht
Zusammenfassung Phonologische Bewusstheit ist ein wichtiger Vorlaufer fur das Lesenlernen. Die Studie pruft die Wirkung des Programms „Horen, Lauschen, Lernen“ zur Forderung der phonologischen Bewusstheit bei Einsatz unter realitatsnahen... more
Zusammenfassung Phonologische Bewusstheit ist ein wichtiger Vorlaufer fur das Lesenlernen. Die Studie pruft die Wirkung des Programms „Horen, Lauschen, Lernen“ zur Forderung der phonologischen Bewusstheit bei Einsatz unter realitatsnahen Randbedingungen. Insgesamt 90 Vorschulkinder nahmen an dem Training teil und wurden 34 Kindern einer Wartekontrollgruppe gegenubergestellt. Pra/post-Vergleiche zeigten, dass das Programm vor allem in zentralen Zielbereichen die erwarteten Effekte hatte. Sie stellten sich bei Kindern mit sehr geringen Ausgangswerten in ahnlicher Weise ein wie in der Gesamttrainingsgruppe. Die Wirkung des Programms war unabhangig von der Anzahl der Fehltage der Kinder. Sie blieb auch bei Berucksichtigung verschiedener individueller und kontextueller Kontrollvariablen erhalten. Schlagworter: Bielefelder Screening, Schriftspracherwerb, Grundschule, Vorschule ----- Fostering Phonological Awareness in Kindergarden Children. Training Effects and Test of Potential Moderator...
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The study investigates into associatipns between the behavior of fathers, mot¬ hers, and adolescents in family communication, on the one hand, and their perceptions of different aspects of relationship quality, on the other hand. The... more
The study investigates into associatipns between the behavior of fathers, mot¬ hers, and adolescents in family communication, on the one hand, and their perceptions of different aspects of relationship quality, on the other hand. The sample is comprised of 35 13-year-old boys and giris and their parents who participated in a family planning task and separately completed questionnaires.
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Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie beschaftigt sich mit der Beziehung zwischen organisierten Jugendgruppen, Problemverhalten und Selbstwert bzw. Lebenszufriedenheit. Es wird empirisch der Frage nachgegangen, ob Teilnehmer religioser... more
Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie beschaftigt sich mit der Beziehung zwischen organisierten Jugendgruppen, Problemverhalten und Selbstwert bzw. Lebenszufriedenheit. Es wird empirisch der Frage nachgegangen, ob Teilnehmer religioser Jugendgruppen uber bessere Anpassungsressourcen verfugen als Jugendliche in anderen organisierten Jugendgruppen. Die Intention der Frage beruht auf der Annahme, dass Mitglieder religioser Jugendgruppen einerseits von den protektiven Einflussen organisierter Freizeit allgemein, als andererseits von religiosen (Lebens-)Orientierungen im Besonderen fur ihre Entwicklung profitieren. Die Stichprobe besteht aus 583 Mitgliedern religioser und sportbezogener Jugendgruppen im Alter zwischen 13 und 18 Jahren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bezuglich aller psychosozialen Anpassungsmerkmale in Sportgruppen im Kontrast zu religiosen Gruppierungen gunstigere Auspragungen beobachtet werden konnen, zwischen verschiedenen religiosen Jugendgruppen sind keine statistisch ...
Research Interests: Psychology, Satisfaction, Adolescent, Federal Republic of Germany, Psychosocial, and 15 moreEmpirical, Social Adjustment, Deviant Behavior, Hessen, Religiousness, Religionssoziologie, Self Image, Hesse, Selbstbild, Psychosocial Development, Athlete, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Religiosität, Religious Group, and Abweichendes Verhalten
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Intoleranz und speziell Ausländerfeindlichkeit in der zweiten Lebensdekade verdient die Aufmerksamkeit der psychologischen Jugendforschung nicht nur vor dem Hintergrund rechtsextrem motivierter Gewalttaten, sondern als eigener... more
Intoleranz und speziell Ausländerfeindlichkeit in der zweiten Lebensdekade verdient die Aufmerksamkeit der psychologischen Jugendforschung nicht nur vor dem Hintergrund rechtsextrem motivierter Gewalttaten, sondern als eigener Untersuchungsgegenstand. Mit diesem Verständnis als Ausgangspunkt werden empirische Befunde vor allem zu familialen und schulischen Einflüssen auf die Einstellungen Jugendlicher berichtet und Forschungsperspektiven aufgezeigt.
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Im vorliegend Beitrag werden, ausgehend von der politischen Einstellungstransmissionsforschung, die Einflüsse der Eltern auf intolerante Einstellungen gegenüber Ausländern von Jugendlichen dargestellt. Zum einen wird anhand eines... more
Im vorliegend Beitrag werden, ausgehend von der politischen Einstellungstransmissionsforschung, die Einflüsse der Eltern auf intolerante Einstellungen gegenüber Ausländern von Jugendlichen dargestellt. Zum einen wird anhand eines Vier-Wellen-Längschnittes gezeigt, dass die Sicht der Eltern, vermittelt über die Wahrnehmung der Einstellungen der Eltern durch die Jugendlichen, relativ stabil über das Jugendalter hinweg einen Einfluss auf die Einstellungsentwicklung hat. Zum anderen zeigen wir,
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Relative power, conflict, and intimacy in adolescents' and young adults' relations with mothers, fathers, and best friends were examined. Two hundred eighty-five students from German high-track (i.e., university bound schools... more
Relative power, conflict, and intimacy in adolescents' and young adults' relations with mothers, fathers, and best friends were examined. Two hundred eighty-five students from German high-track (i.e., university bound schools 6th, 9th, 12th grade), undergraduate and graduate students completed the respective scales of the Network of Relationships Inventory (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985). Relations with friends were more symmetrical and had a better socio-emotional quality than relations with parents. Still, increases in relative power in relations with parents were accompanied by low absolute levels of conflict. A symmetrical distribution of power in the family was not reached before the end of the third decade of life. To explore the influence of the entry into worklife on close relations, an additional subsample of 55 working young adults was compared with the participating university students. Despite slight differences in age-related patterns of intimacy, similarities prevailed. Overall, findings mostly converge with observations in U.S. samples of high school and college
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Research Interests: Marketing, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality, Culture, and 15 moreSocialization, Social Identification, Medicine, Humans, Female, Organizational Identification, Male, Social Environment, Social Adjustment, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Longitudinal Studies, Adult, Longitudinal Study, Organizational Innovation, and Social Dominance
Research Interests: Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Friendship, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Peer Relations, Adolescence, Female, Divorce, Male, Interpersonal Relations, Admiration, Family Relations, Peer group, Longitudinal Studies, Analysis of Variance, Longitudinal Study, Constructive, and Conflict Psychology
. The parents from 415 child-mother-father triads (average age of children: 10.6 years of age) in their first year of secondary school education in the new German Federal States (former East Germany) estimated their own general and... more
. The parents from 415 child-mother-father triads (average age of children: 10.6 years of age) in their first year of secondary school education in the new German Federal States (former East Germany) estimated their own general and specific intelligence scores and that of their children. Analyses of variance yielded gender-specific variations in parents' self- and child-ratings. Males rated themselves more favorably than females did except for the aspect of emotional intelligence where the opposite pattern was observed. Ratings of children's intelligence only differed with respect to analytical and practical intelligence, where sons were rated higher than daughters. Moreover, child-ratings varied depending on school track (general secondary vs. grammar) with all parental estimates of grammar school students exceeding those given for general (secondary) school students. Regression analyses suggest that parental estimates of children's intelligence are strongly influenced by parents' self-ratings of intelligence.
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This study examines the automatic activation of negative prejudices towards Turks using a masked affective priming paradigm in a sample of German adolescents (aged 13 to 15). Pictures of Turks and Germans were used as masked primes;... more
This study examines the automatic activation of negative prejudices towards Turks using a masked affective priming paradigm in a sample of German adolescents (aged 13 to 15). Pictures of Turks and Germans were used as masked primes; positive and negative adjectives conveying either other-relevant valence (e.g., honest, evil) or possessor-relevant valence (e.g., talented, dull) were used as targets. Results revealed that both explicit prejudices towards Turks living in Germany as well as prejudiced behaviour in a virtual ball-tossing game are meaningfully related to automatic prejudice activation. As expected, these correlations were found only for priming indices based on other-relevant targets, thereby emphasising the differentiation of implicit prejudice into (imputed) hostility and depreciation.
A lot of research shows that conventional forms of political participation among young people are declining and that political apathy and alienation is increasing. Current theories about polit- ical participation take into account... more
A lot of research shows that conventional forms of political participation among young people are declining and that political apathy and alienation is increasing. Current theories about polit- ical participation take into account historical, institutional, political and demographic factors on the macro level as well as psychological and social factors (e.g., self-efficacy, trust). However, the (social) psychological processes that mediate the influence of these factors on young people’s motivations, attitudes, and behavior are not well understood. The goal of this study was to shed light on young people’s understanding of citizenship, environmental and human rights by using qualitative focus groups and in-depth interviews. We interviewed 103 young people (Native German, ethnic German Diaspora, and Turkish migrants) from two age groups (16-18 and 20-26). The results show that the extent of conventional as well as new forms (e.g., social networks) of participation was low. But there ...
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Interethnic friendships between students are important for harmonious intercultural rela- tions at school. Drawing on research on intergroup contact and cultural distance between immigrant and non-immigrant groups, we examined how... more
Interethnic friendships between students are important for harmonious intercultural rela- tions at school. Drawing on research on intergroup contact and cultural distance between immigrant and non-immigrant groups, we examined how structural and normative condi- tions in the classroom context are associated with friendships between early adolescents with and without an immigrant background in ethnically heterogeneous schools. The sam- ple comprised 842 students (Mage = 11.50 years, SDage = .71; 53% male) attending multiethnic schools in Southwest Germany.
Results revealed that perceived positive contact norms in class and perceived cultural distance predicted friendships between immigrant and non-immigrant students in both groups, even when the ethnic composition of the classroom was taken into account. The associations were largely the same for immigrants and non-immigrants. We conclude that interventions to foster interethnic friendships should aim to reduce perceptions of cultural distance and monitor and improve contact norms in intergroup settings.
Results revealed that perceived positive contact norms in class and perceived cultural distance predicted friendships between immigrant and non-immigrant students in both groups, even when the ethnic composition of the classroom was taken into account. The associations were largely the same for immigrants and non-immigrants. We conclude that interventions to foster interethnic friendships should aim to reduce perceptions of cultural distance and monitor and improve contact norms in intergroup settings.
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Drawing on data from a large-scale international project, the present research examined predictors of civic engagement between immigrant (N = 599) and majority youth (N = 1,027) in Belgium, Germany, and Turkey. In all three countries... more
Drawing on data from a large-scale international project, the present research examined predictors of civic engagement between immigrant (N = 599) and majority youth (N = 1,027) in Belgium, Germany, and Turkey. In all three countries immigrants were found to be more civically engaged than their majority peers. Further, based on the assumptions of the civic voluntarism model, civic engagement was predicted by resources, social experiences, and psychological engagement (i.e., internal political efficacy). The results showed that predictors differed by ethnic background. While internal political efficacy beliefs were only found to be a significant predictor of civic engagement among majority youth, involvement in social networks was found to be a more meaningful predictor among immigrant youth. These results are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.
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Politische Partizipation und soziales Engagement unter jungen Deutschen, Türken und Spätaussiedlern: Befunde aus einer qualitativen Untersuchung mit Fokusgruppen. [Political participation and civic engagement among native German, ethnic German Diaspora, and Turkish migrant youth: Findings from a ...more
A lot of research shows that conventional forms of political participation among young people are declining and that political apathy and alienation is increasing. Current theories about political participation take into account... more
A lot of research shows that conventional forms of political participation among young people are declining and that political apathy and alienation is increasing. Current theories about political participation take into account historical, institutional, political and demographic factors on the macro level as well as psychological and social factors (e.g., self-efficacy, trust). However, the (social) psychological processes that mediate the influence of these factors on young people’s motivations, attitudes, and behavior are not well understood. The goal of this study was to shed light on young people’s understanding of citizenship, environmental and human rights by using qualitative focus groups and in-depth interviews. We interviewed 103 young people (Native German, ethnic German Diaspora, and Turkish migrants) from two age groups (16-18 and 20-26). The results show that the extent of conventional as well as new forms (e.g., social networks) of participation was low. But there we...
While positive influences of teacher support on students' motivational development have been widely shown, existing research has not yet considered that students' school experiences are interrelated across classrooms and subjects.... more
While positive influences of teacher support on students' motivational development have been widely shown, existing research has not yet considered that students' school experiences are interrelated across classrooms and subjects. The aims of this study were, thus, twofold: (a) To investigate the effects of teacher support on the development of students' intrinsic value and effort; and (b) based on dimensional comparison theory, to examine potential cross-subject contrast effects of teacher support in one subject on students' intrinsic value and effort in another subject. Using a sample of 1155 German students assessed in Grade 5 and 6, multilevel latent change models revealed positive within-subject associations between teacher support and intrinsic value and effort. Furthermore, support for contrast effects was found. Higher levels of teacher support in one subject were related negatively to intrinsic value and effort in another subject, calling for the examination...
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Levels of civic engagement are assumed to vary according to numerous social and psychological characteristics, but not much is known about online civic engagement. This study aimed to investigate differences and similarities in young... more
Levels of civic engagement are assumed to vary according to numerous social and psychological characteristics, but not much is known about online civic engagement. This study aimed to investigate differences and similarities in young people's offline and online civic engagement and to clarify, based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB), associations between motivation for civic engagement, peer and parental norms, collective efficacy, and civic engagement. The sample consisted of 755 youth (native German, ethnic German Diaspora, and Turkish migrants) from two age groups (16-18 and 19-26; mean age 20.5 years; 52 % female). Results showed that ethnic group membership and age moderated the frequency of engagement behavior, with Turkish migrants taking part more than native Germans, who were followed by ethnic German Diaspora migrants. Analyses based on TPB showed good fit for a model relating intention for offline and online civic engagement to motivation for civic engag...
Research Interests: Psychology, Political Participation, Youth Studies, Turkey, Computer Mediated Communication, and 24 moreMigration Studies, Civic Engagement, Adolescent, Ethnicity, Social Class, Social Responsibility, Germany, Social behavior, Immigrants, Humans, Correlation, Young Adults, Goodness of Fit, Female, Male, Young Adult, Interpersonal Relations, Ethnic Groups, Adult, Volunteers, Peer Groups, Social Behavior, Youth & Adolescence, and Internet
... Page 3. 146 Heike M. Buhl, Simone Wittmann und Peter Noack gere Gefährtenschaft und auch emotionale Verbundenheit junger Mütter insbesondere mit ihren Vätern (Buhl, 2000). ... studieren (Masche, 1998; Scabini & Galimberti, 1995).... more
... Page 3. 146 Heike M. Buhl, Simone Wittmann und Peter Noack gere Gefährtenschaft und auch emotionale Verbundenheit junger Mütter insbesondere mit ihren Vätern (Buhl, 2000). ... studieren (Masche, 1998; Scabini & Galimberti, 1995). ...
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ABSTRACT This study investigates effects of living in nuclear, separated single mother, or stepfather families on adolescents' relationship to their mothers. Focusing on adolescents' felt insecurity toward mother, effects... more
ABSTRACT This study investigates effects of living in nuclear, separated single mother, or stepfather families on adolescents' relationship to their mothers. Focusing on adolescents' felt insecurity toward mother, effects of family type are expected to be mediated by economic pressure and impaired family dynamics. Subsamples from East (n= 220) and West Germany (n= 273) allow a comparison of relevant processes according to contextual conditions. Although no simple association between family type and adolescents' felt insecurity is observed, tests of path models confirm that interparental conflict, impaired parenting, mothers' pressure to side against the father, and adolescents' feelings of being caught in the middle link family type to adolescents' relationship to their mothers. Similarities between the regional subsamples outweigh differences.
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Research Interests: Marketing, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality, Social Justice, and 16 moreCulture, Socialization, Social Identification, Students, Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Social Environment, Social Adjustment, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Longitudinal Studies, Adult, Longitudinal Study, Organizational Innovation, and Social Dominance
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Hopes for successful dating for the year ahead, the actual state of romantic friendships, and preferred leisure contexts were assessed for a German sample of male and female students in early and middle adolescence. Data were collected... more
Hopes for successful dating for the year ahead, the actual state of romantic friendships, and preferred leisure contexts were assessed for a German sample of male and female students in early and middle adolescence. Data were collected twice, with a 1-year time interval. Using confirmatory prediction analyses, hypotheses concerning the association between transition to dating and change in preferred leisure
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Research Interests: Psychology, Depression, Individuation, Adolescent, Germany, and 15 moreHumans, Aggression, Adolescence, Female, Male, Child and Adolescent Psychology, Cluster Analysis, Social Adjustment, Self Concept, Longitudinal Studies, Longitudinal Study, Psychosocial Adjustment, Parent-Child Relationship, Parent‐child Relations, and Object Attachment
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ABSTRACT Drawing on data from a three-wave longitudinal study, the present research examined predictors of young adults’ intentions to participate in politics and their actual political activities while referring to the broader... more
ABSTRACT Drawing on data from a three-wave longitudinal study, the present research examined predictors of young adults’ intentions to participate in politics and their actual political activities while referring to the broader assumptions of the theory of planned behavior. The analyses were based on a sample of university students from the federal state of Thuringia, Germany. The results showed that attitudes toward political behaviors and internal political efficacy beliefs explained changes in students’ intentions to participate in politics. However, the perceived meaning that political participation has for important others had no additional effect. Furthermore, students’ intentions to participate in politics and their internal political efficacy beliefs predicted changes in their actual behaviors. Together, the findings supported the theory of planned behaviors as a useful framework helping to predict young adults’ intentions and actual involvement in political activities.
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ABSTRACT Previous findings suggest that children’s cross-ethnic friendships are less stable than same-ethnic friendships. However, it is not clear why this is. This study examined stability of same- and cross-ethnic friendships among... more
ABSTRACT Previous findings suggest that children’s cross-ethnic friendships are less stable than same-ethnic friendships. However, it is not clear why this is. This study examined stability of same- and cross-ethnic friendships among 10-year-old children over the course of five months. Analyses focused on both individuallevel data (comparing 82 German and 37 Turkish children) and social network data (comparing 125 German and 172 non-German children). We predicted that children high in empathy and who perceived peer norms about crossethnic friendships to be positive would have more stable cross-ethnic friendships. Results showed that cross-ethnic friendships were indeed less stable than same-ethnic friendships. Empathy marginally predicted stability of cross-ethnic friendships while peer norms only predicted German but not Turkish children’s cross-ethnic friendship stability. Further, children high in empathy were less likely to be deselected by their cross-ethnic friends and similarity in empathy between cross-ethnic friends increased the longevity of their friendship.