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- Health Impact Assessment, Integrating Health into other Impact Assessments, Ethics, Public Health Ethics, Social determinants of health, health policy and public heath ethics, Social Determinants of Health, and 10 moreSocial Determinants Of Health (Anthropology), Cross disciplinary & Cross sectoral Analysis & Measurment, Multidimensional Wellbeing, Regional economic development, Social Anthropology, Urban Planning, Public Health, Social Capital, Environmental Sustainability, and Public Policyedit
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Healthy Sustainable Communities: Key Elements of the Spatial Planning System by Ben Cave and Peter Molyneux in 2004. Delivering sustainable communities requires NHS organisations to develop joint approaches with local and regional... more
Healthy Sustainable Communities: Key Elements of the Spatial Planning System by Ben Cave and Peter Molyneux in 2004. Delivering sustainable communities requires NHS organisations to develop joint approaches with local and regional government and to work across traditional organisational boundaries. Tackling deprivation and social exclusion requires coordination and the seamless integration of the planning, commissioning and delivery of new services and infrastructure. This summary of key elements of the planning system is designed to support all those involved in the growth areas and outlines the different stages of the planning process identifying opportunities to get involved.
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An important issue for the geography of health in urban areas concerns how urban change arising from renewal of inner-city areas relates to health of urban populations. In this paper we examine ways in which urban regeneration schemes in... more
An important issue for the geography of health in urban areas concerns how urban change arising from renewal of inner-city areas relates to health of urban populations. In this paper we examine ways in which urban regeneration schemes in Britain are attempting to incorporate consideration of health impact into their planning and development. It concentrates especially on diverse ways that different stakeholders perceive the outcomes of these schemes and the significance for health. The paper is based on two case studies of urban development projects, focusing on housing improvement and training for unemployed people, in a London borough where levels of deprivation are high and various forms of social exclusion affect large numbers of people. The methods used aimed to represent the views of different types of stakeholders, by means of interviews and focus groups with a range of stakeholders in these schemes. Health impact assessment needs to be evidence based. We discuss the evidence for potential health impact of regeneration projects through effects on housing and employment as determinants of health. We focus especially on the ways in which this evidence can be viewed and used by different stakeholders, and how far their perceptions seemed to match with research findings from public health. We consider the potential and the limitations for health improvement associated with urban regeneration in view of the case studies presented here.
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We report here on the development of a practical guide for health impact assessment (HIA) of urban regeneration schemes which sets out an approach to rapid prospective HIA. We provide a succinct account of our approach, illustrated by two... more
We report here on the development of a practical guide for health impact assessment (HIA) of urban regeneration schemes which sets out an approach to rapid prospective HIA. We provide a succinct account of our approach, illustrated by two case studies in East London, and discuss how the process of HIA must be adapted to different types of regeneration projects. The case studies are described in more detail in Cave and Curtis (2001). In this paper we focus on how the HIA process was adapted to suit different types of regeneration programmes.
Research Interests: Program Evaluation, Geography, Urban Regeneration, Health Impact Assessment, Health Services Research, and 12 moreEnvironmental Planning, Regeneration (Biology), Urban Health, Medicine, Schools, London, Urban Renewal, Humans, Nutrition Education and Promotion, Health Status, Public health systems and services research, and Residence Characteristics
ABSTRACT This study examines whether there is active planning for health improvement in the English spatial planning system and how this varies across two regions using a combination of telephone surveys and focus group interviews in 2005... more
ABSTRACT This study examines whether there is active planning for health improvement in the English spatial planning system and how this varies across two regions using a combination of telephone surveys and focus group interviews in 2005 and 2010. The spatial planning profession was found to be ill-equipped to consider the health and well-being implications of its actions, whilst health professionals are rarely engaged and have limited understanding and aspirations when it comes to influencing spatial planning. Strategic Environmental Assessment was not considered to be successful in integrating health into spatial plans, given it was the responsibility of planners lacking the capacity to do so. For their part, health professionals have insufficient knowledge and understanding of planning and how to engage with it to be able to plan for health gains rather than simply respond to health impacts. HIA practice is patchy and generally undertaken by health professionals outside the statutory planning framework. Thus, whilst appropriate assessment tools exist, they currently lack a coherent context within which they can function effectively and the implementation of the Kiev protocol requiring the engagement of health professionals in SEA is not to likely improve the consideration of health in planning while there continues to be separation of functions between professions and lack of understanding of the other profession.
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This chapter will describe why health needs assessment (HNA) is important and what it means in practice. Professional training and clinical experience teaches that a health professional must systematically assess a patient before... more
This chapter will describe why health needs assessment (HNA) is important and what it means in practice. Professional training and clinical experience teaches that a health professional must systematically assess a patient before administering any treatment that is believed to be effective. This systematic approach is often omitted when assessing the health needs of populations.
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EIA is an obligation for many projects in many countries. Consideration of human health within EIA is also an obligation. This results in an invaluable opportunity for early consideration of a variety of environmental health determinants,... more
EIA is an obligation for many projects in many countries. Consideration of human health within EIA is also an obligation. This results in an invaluable opportunity for early consideration of a variety of environmental health determinants, leading to minimization of noxious exposures and promotion of the salutogenic factors involved in plans and projects in many sectors. In other words, EIA can be an extremely powerful vehicle to scaling up primary prevention - by far the most effective strategy in public health. This opportunity is further enriched by the recent revision of the EU Directive on EIA, which makes better provision for human health considerations in EIA, in particular referring to the need to address “significant” health effects of plans and projects - without elaborating further. The health sector can play a key role in EIA by: recognizing the opportunity and its potential, so far under-exploited; engage in dialogue with other sectors, on specific applications; make ins...
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Designed like a comic book, it explains in simple terms, that by working together, those in health and planning can create healthier and more sustainable neighbourhoods, with people at the heart of their success.
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By reading this chapter, you will become familiar with: the definition and purpose of health impact assessment (HIA); concepts and values that underpin?HIA; the stages of an HIA process; methods used in?HIA; experiences of?HIA.
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Healthy Sustainable Communities: What Works? commissioned by Milton Keynes South Midlands Health and Social Care Group (MKSM) in 2004. This review is designed to support all those involved in the growth areas to ensure that proposed... more
Healthy Sustainable Communities: What Works? commissioned by Milton Keynes South Midlands Health and Social Care Group (MKSM) in 2004. This review is designed to support all those involved in the growth areas to ensure that proposed changes in land use are sustainable and health promoting. Overall MKSM wants to create places where people want to live and work. This document provides a background for issues which need to be explored at the different stages of the planning process and particularly at the pre-application stage.
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This is the first of three volumes looking at health impact assessment and regeneration: this volume provides practical examples to guide organisations through an HIA; Volume II (source 1) provides an evidence base to focus discussion... more
This is the first of three volumes looking at health impact assessment and regeneration: this volume provides practical examples to guide organisations through an HIA; Volume II (source 1) provides an evidence base to focus discussion around the likely health effects of projects and Volume III (source 2) looks at the principle behind urban regeneration, health change and HIA. Health impact assessment for regeneration projects. Volume I: A Practical Guide.
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As society builds back from COVID-19 we must ensure that policy decisions about the built environment protect and promote human health. This roundtable is organised by 4 EUPHA sections: Health Impact Assessment; Ethics in Public Health;... more
As society builds back from COVID-19 we must ensure that policy decisions about the built environment protect and promote human health. This roundtable is organised by 4 EUPHA sections: Health Impact Assessment; Ethics in Public Health; Law & Public Health; Environment & Health. The objective is to consider ethical, legal and methodological issues raised by the requirement for health to be considered in the EU Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive. This roundtable will cross-examine the advice that EUPHA wrote with the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) to guide health authorities through the EIA process. See https://eupha.org/section_page.php?section_page=200. We contend that human health in EIA cuts across many aspects of public health and that public health must up its game. The EIA Directive provides a high level of protection to the environment and health on land and at sea. It applies to a wide range of projects in all EU Member States, includin...
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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for tackling environmental risks at their root, that is, through a shift towards primary preventive actions and the promotion of healthy choices. Reducing the 13 million deaths resulting... more
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for tackling environmental risks at their root, that is, through a shift towards primary preventive actions and the promotion of healthy choices. Reducing the 13 million deaths resulting from environmental risks each year requires efficient scale-up of primary preventive action involving all key stakeholders, across all sectors. Decisions taken on the drivers of health risks should have the attainment and protection of good health as an explicit aim in key sectors such as energy, transport, housing, labour, industry, food systems and agriculture, water and sanitation, and urban planning. A key tool for such actions can be seen in Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) and an enhanced integration of health assessments into environmental impact assessments (EIA). In many countries worldwide, legally binding instruments exist which are concerned with assessing the impacts of policies, programmes, plans and projects on the environment to contr...
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Healthy Sustainable Communities: A Spatial Planning Checklist by Ben Cave and Peter Molyneux in 2004. This checklist is designed to support all those involved in the growth areas to ensure that proposed changes in land use are sustainable... more
Healthy Sustainable Communities: A Spatial Planning Checklist by Ben Cave and Peter Molyneux in 2004. This checklist is designed to support all those involved in the growth areas to ensure that proposed changes in land use are sustainable and health promoting. Throughout the checklist Cave and Molyneux pose these two questions: • What can the health and social care sector provide to the development process? • What should the health and social care sector ask of the development process? One size does not fit all – delivery mechanisms, partnership arrangements and other crucial details need to be worked out at a local level. This document outlines those issues to be explored at the different stages of the planning process and particularly at the pre-application stage. This checklist is based on sound evidence and is designed to provide a basis for locating health and sustainability within these discussions.
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On-site sanitation systems dispose of human excreta, with or without treatment, on the residents ' housing plot. Examples include pit latrines and septic tanks with drainage fields. This study reviews the risks to health posed by... more
On-site sanitation systems dispose of human excreta, with or without treatment, on the residents ' housing plot. Examples include pit latrines and septic tanks with drainage fields. This study reviews the risks to health posed by groundwater contamination from on-site sanitation (particularly latrines). Detailed understanding of groundwater contamination is complicated by a host of factors, broadly grouped into substantial and often unknown variations in subsurface conditions, contaminants, and the mechanisms of their movement. The problem is further complicated by the multiplicity of other pathways by which contaminants may be ingested, the variation in human response to a given dose, and the variety of approaches that may be taken to reduce such risks. Pathogen characteristics Pathogens are defined as disease-causing organisms, of which human excreta may contain four major types: worm eggs, protozoa, bacteria and viruses. Eggs and protozoa are effectively screened by soil dur...
<p>HNA (health needs assessment) is a systematic method of identifying the unmet health and healthcare needs of a population and recommending changes to meet these unmet needs. It is used to improve health and other service... more
<p>HNA (health needs assessment) is a systematic method of identifying the unmet health and healthcare needs of a population and recommending changes to meet these unmet needs. It is used to improve health and other service planning, priority setting, and policy development. HNA is an example of public health working outside the formal health sector and presenting back to colleagues. Successful HNAs will also ensure that non-health agencies benefit from their findings. This chapter will describe why HNA is important and what it means in practice. Professional training and clinical experience teach that a health professional must systematically assess a patient before administering any treatment that is believed to be effective. This systematic approach is often omitted when assessing the health needs of populations</p>
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a key public health and environmental sustainability activity and the revised EIA Directive presents opportunities for an effective consideration of population and human health and for greater... more
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a key public health and environmental sustainability activity and the revised EIA Directive presents opportunities for an effective consideration of population and human health and for greater collaboration across the key professional groups. This document is a primer. It is intended to spark discussion. It offers brief guidance and recommendations for public health teams, EIA practitioners, planning officers, consultees, consenting authorities and others concerned with population and human health (e.g. during screening, scoping, consultation, assessment, reporting and monitoring). EIA guidance should clearly define the proportionate assessment of population and human health. Key EIA principles include a comprehensive approach to health, proportionality, consistency, equity and reasonableness. The biggest opportunity to influence project design and hence influence health outcomes occurs while scoping, very early in the design process. Improved UK EIA guidance on population and human health is urgently needed. EIA professionals, public health teams, planning officers, environmental health officers, private sector consultants and community groups must work quickly, and work together.
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On-site sanitation systems dispose of human excreta, with or without treatment, on the residents ' housing plot. Examples include pit latrines and septic tanks with drainage fields. This study reviews the risks to health posed by... more
On-site sanitation systems dispose of human excreta, with or without treatment, on the residents ' housing plot. Examples include pit latrines and septic tanks with drainage fields. This study reviews the risks to health posed by groundwater contamination from on-site sanitation (particularly latrines). Detailed understanding of groundwater contamination is complicated by a host of factors, broadly grouped into substantial and often unknown variations in subsurface conditions, contaminants, and the mechanisms of their movement. The problem is further complicated by the multiplicity of other pathways by which contaminants may be ingested, the variation in human response to a given dose, and the variety of approaches that may be taken to reduce such risks. Pathogen characteristics Pathogens are defined as disease-causing organisms, of which human excreta may contain four major types: worm eggs, protozoa, bacteria and viruses. Eggs and protozoa are effectively screened by soil dur...
techniques in environmental
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Page 5 of the original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.
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Published by Ben Cave Associates, 2009 This review package is intended to enable a commissioner or reviewer of an HIA report to reach an opinion as to the quality of the completed report in a simple, quick and systematic manner. The... more
Published by Ben Cave Associates, 2009 This review package is intended to enable a commissioner or reviewer of an HIA report to reach an opinion as to the quality of the completed report in a simple, quick and systematic manner. The authors focussed on developing a review package for HIA reports which are submitted as evidence associated with an application for development consent. The users of this review package are identified as being commissioners of HIA both in the public and private sector and those who may be asked to review HIA reports.
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... H. Dow, University of California, Berkeley; Jonathan C. Heller, Human Impact Partners; Murray Lee, Habitat Health Impact Consulting; Jonathan Levine, University of Michigan; Linda A. McCauley, Emory University; David O. Meltzer,... more
... H. Dow, University of California, Berkeley; Jonathan C. Heller, Human Impact Partners; Murray Lee, Habitat Health Impact Consulting; Jonathan Levine, University of Michigan; Linda A. McCauley, Emory University; David O. Meltzer, University of Chicago; Keshia M. Pollack ...
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Health impact assessment has a major part to play in enabling NHS organisations to work with partners beyond the NHS to tackle inequalities and to address the root causes of ill health. The processes described in the guide emphasise the... more
Health impact assessment has a major part to play in enabling NHS organisations to work with partners beyond the NHS to tackle inequalities and to address the root causes of ill health. The processes described in the guide emphasise the importance of involving community ...
E-mail: WELL@lshtm.ac.uk Internet: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ ... 1. Introduction: Changing behaviour; how and how much?............................................3 1.1 Behaviour Change ....................... more
E-mail: WELL@lshtm.ac.uk Internet: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ ... 1. Introduction: Changing behaviour; how and how much?............................................3 1.1 Behaviour Change .................... ...........................................................................................4 1.2 Health Impact......................... ...
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Healthy Sustainable Communities: Key Elements of the Spatial Planning System by Ben Cave and Peter Molyneux in 2004. Delivering sustainable communities requires NHS organisations to develop joint approaches with local and regional... more
Healthy Sustainable Communities: Key Elements of the Spatial Planning System by Ben Cave and Peter Molyneux in 2004. Delivering sustainable communities requires NHS organisations to develop joint approaches with local and regional government and to work across traditional organisational boundaries. Tackling deprivation and social exclusion requires coordination and the seamless integration of the planning, commissioning and delivery of new services and infrastructure. This summary of key elements of the planning system is designed to support all those involved in the growth areas and outlines the different stages of the planning process identifying opportunities to get involved.
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Through this assessment, the authors and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) secretariat are providing an objective evaluation and analysis of the pan-European environment designed to support environmental decision-making at... more
Through this assessment, the authors and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) secretariat are providing an objective evaluation and analysis of the pan-European environment designed to support environmental decision-making at multiple scales. In this assessment, the judgement of experts is applied to existing knowledge to provide scientifically credible answers to policy-relevant questions. These questions include, but are not limited to the following: • What is happening to the environment in the pan-European region and why? • What are the consequences for the environment and the human population in the pan-European region? • What is being done and how effective is it? • What are the prospects for the environment in the future? • What actions could be taken to achieve a more sustainable future?
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Air Quality, Coastal Management, Climate Change, Assessment, and 15 moreEnvironmental policy, Environmental Policy and Governance, Air Pollution and Health Effects, Biodiversity, Environmental Sustainability, Ecosystem health, Environmental Soil Science, Environmental Pollution, Environmental Governance, Chemicals, Freshwater, Ecosystems, Environmental Assessment, Circular Economy, and Environmental Policy and Management
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Health impact assessment for Groundwork SRTS projects. This guide for conducting health impact assessment (HIA) is based on practical examples from the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programme. HIA seeks to identify both positive and... more
Health impact assessment for Groundwork SRTS projects. This guide for conducting health impact assessment (HIA) is based on practical examples from the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programme. HIA seeks to identify both positive and negative side-effects on health of those affected by the SRTS programme, even though changing health was not initially one of the programme objectives. An evidence base which links the expected outcomes of SRTS to health is presented in a separate volume.
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A reference paper on human health in environmental impact assessment (EIA). The European Union (EU) Directive 2011/92/EU as amended by 2014/52/EU requires EIA to consider the likely significant effects of a project on human health.... more
A reference paper on human health in environmental impact assessment (EIA). The European Union (EU) Directive 2011/92/EU as amended by 2014/52/EU requires EIA to consider the likely significant effects of a project on human health. Recital 41 states that the objective of EIA is to ensure a high level of protection of the environment and of human health. The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) and the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) have worked together on a reference paper to better address human health in EIA. This provides health authorities with a guide to the EIA Directive to assist in navigating the EIA process. It establishes basic definitions and common principles for health in EIA, it sets out ways in which the health sector can contribute to this regulatory requirement and it complements existing guidance. It is a contribution to sustainable development and to ensuring a high level of protection of human health. Health in EIA supports One Health and the Green Recovery.
A reference paper is a formal document that provides additional content which is relevant to existing commitments. Whilst this reference paper is structured around compliance with the EU EIA Directive, the principles and approaches have broad application to health in impact assessment globally. The reference paper was consulted upon and peer reviewed.
Available at https://lnkd.in/duUq2Aj and https://lnkd.in/d-spkes
ISBN: 978-0-9800351-4-8
A reference paper is a formal document that provides additional content which is relevant to existing commitments. Whilst this reference paper is structured around compliance with the EU EIA Directive, the principles and approaches have broad application to health in impact assessment globally. The reference paper was consulted upon and peer reviewed.
Available at https://lnkd.in/duUq2Aj and https://lnkd.in/d-spkes
ISBN: 978-0-9800351-4-8
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A growing body of evidence indicates that many factors outside the traditional health field affect public health. The idea that our health is determined only by our own behavior, choices, and genetics is no longer tenable. Many now... more
A growing body of evidence indicates that many factors outside the traditional health field affect public health. The idea that our health is determined only by our own behavior, choices, and genetics is no longer tenable. Many now recognize that substantial improvements in public health will occur only by ensuring that health considerations are factored into projects, programs, plans, and policies in non-health-related sectors, such as transportation, housing, agriculture, and education.
Health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool that can help decision-makers identify the public-health consequences of proposals that potentially affect health. Because of the potential that HIA offers to improve public health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the California Endowment, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention asked the National Research Council to develop a framework, terminology, and guidance for conducting HIA.
In this report, the Committee on Health Impact Assessment discusses the need for health-informed decision-making and policies and reviews the current practice of HIA. The committee provides a definition, framework, and criteria for HIA; discusses issues in and challenges to the development and practice of HIA; and closes with a discussion on structures and policies for promoting HIA. The committee notes that the framework provided in this report is not a reinvention of the field but a synthesis of guidance provided in other documents and publications. Thus, the reader will find many similarities between the committee’s descriptions and characterizations and those of other guides.
Health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool that can help decision-makers identify the public-health consequences of proposals that potentially affect health. Because of the potential that HIA offers to improve public health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the California Endowment, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention asked the National Research Council to develop a framework, terminology, and guidance for conducting HIA.
In this report, the Committee on Health Impact Assessment discusses the need for health-informed decision-making and policies and reviews the current practice of HIA. The committee provides a definition, framework, and criteria for HIA; discusses issues in and challenges to the development and practice of HIA; and closes with a discussion on structures and policies for promoting HIA. The committee notes that the framework provided in this report is not a reinvention of the field but a synthesis of guidance provided in other documents and publications. Thus, the reader will find many similarities between the committee’s descriptions and characterizations and those of other guides.
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Slides from a presentation given at the 33rd Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment. Reflections on health equity and Health Impact Assessment