Social Impact Assessment

Transfer pricing (TP) in the banking sector is regarded as a tool to achieve a wide range of objectives in relation to the overall organisational goal. The technological developments have led to dramatic changes in the banking industry to maintain sustainable competitiveness. Since the major source of revenue for the banks is the NII, banks are increasingly utilising Oracle funds transfer pricing (FTP) system to boost the performance of their divisions in terms of contribution to the overall NII. Moreover, the performance appraisal system is carried out through FTP system to improve the overall results.
This research mainly deals with the perception of the banks toward FTP and how is it utilised to enhance the performance of the banks to increase the overall profitability. The research examines the effectiveness of TP in the banking sector by exploring the existing literature in relation to FTP in terms of theoretical as well as practical context. The research is conducted on the basis of qualitative research using content analysis technique to analyse annual reports of various banks. Finally, a summary of discussion along with conclusion, reflective summary, limitations and possible suggestions for further research are presented.

Social enterprises (SE) emerge where there are opportunities to find new ways to balance otherwise competing interests and to achieve social purposes in ways that are better than and distinct from traditional approaches. Understanding whether the zoo and its elements are achieving these purposes, making progress, or causing harm is complicated and difficult. The challenges begin with assessing essential things that cannot be measured easily or well. They continue with how SE simultaneously has social impact at so many levels: individual, organizational, communal, within and among parts of the zoo, and society as a whole. They are exacerbated by the need to account for gains in one social impact area possibly being accompanied by harm in another. Of course, being complicated or challenging or even presently unprovable is no excuse for not trying. In that spirit this chapter approaches assessing the social impact of SE, its potential, and its distinguishing character at three key leve...

How to Design Impactful Laws - Treatise on Legistic and Legisprudence  in the Age of Soft Law

La loi peine toujours plus à « faire la loi » à l’ère du droit souple et de la globalisation. Afin de produire un impact législatif aussi juste qu’optimal, la légistique doit proposer dans ce nouveau contexte une démarche permettant d’intégrer démocratiquement la force du droit souple dans le processus législatif, de pair avec le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois, sans se contenter d’améliorer la clarté des textes.

Ce traité présente les fondements de la légistique, constituée historiquement pour faire recouvrer à la loi sa rationalité, son efficacité, sa clarté et sa concision.

Il explique comment :
- créer une analyse d’impact intégrée qui prenne en compte toutes les composantes du développement durable parmi la multiplicité des instruments d’action tant publics que privés (légistique matérielle prospective) ;
- formuler des textes clairs et cohérents (légistique formelle) ;
- évaluer rétrospectivement les effets des lois et des politiques publiques par des méthodes appelées à devenir participatives (légistique matérielle rétrospective).

Ce traité porte sur le droit suisse et le droit de l’Union européenne, avec des aspects de droit comparé. Il intègre de manière critique les développements en économie comportementale, en sciences affectives, en intelligence artificielle et en sciences de la gouvernance et de la régulation.

Il s’adresse non seulement aux juristes mais aussi aux spécialistes en sciences sociales, au personnel politique et administratif ainsi qu’à toute personne intéressée par le pilotage des politiques publiques.

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How to Design Impactful Laws: Treatise on Legistic and Legisprudence  in the Age of Soft Law

In an age of soft law and globalization, it has become increasingly difficult for the law to “lay down the law”. To ensure in this new context that its impact is as fair as optimal, legistic must go beyond mere clear legislative drafting: it has to propose a method for integrating the strength of soft law in the democratic law-making process.
This treatise presents the foundations of the sciences of legislation (legistic or legisprudence), historically constituted to make laws more rational and effective, clearer and shorter.

It explains how to:
- create an integrated impact assessment that factors in all the components of sustainable development, among the multiplicity of public and private policy instruments (ex ante material legistic);
- formulate and communicate clear and coherent texts (formal legistic);
- retrospectively evaluate laws and public policies through methods which should become more participative (ex post material legistic).

This treatise is based on Swiss and European Union law, with a look on comparative law. It includes developments in regulation and regulatory governance, behavioral economics, affective sciences and artificial intelligence.

This work is intended not only for lawyers, but also for social scientist, members of political and administrative authorities, and anyone interested in public policy evaluation.

On October 4, 2017, in parallel with the annual B Corp Champions Retreat, we will host the Second Annual Global B Corporation Academic Community Roundtable. This year's theme is " The Role of the Academic Community in Scaling the B Corp Movement. " This event is open to university faculty and students and other researchers conducting research on Certiied B Corporations and/or Beneet Corporations (hereafter " B Corps "). We are especially interested in research that examines impact assessment methodologies and the impact of B Corps. Additionally, our preference is for empirical studies, whether qualitative or quantitative. In addition to presenting groundbreaking research on B Corps, the Roundtable will provide opportunities for researchers to discuss data sources and methods for studying B Corps, provide updates on their research in progress, and allow the academic community to develop a roadmap of current and future research opportunities.

The concept and practice of Social Impact and Social Impact assessment has developed and matured over the last decade. Despite this growth, confusion still exists with respect to definitions of social impact as well as which tools and frameworks are most appropriate. Central to the concept and practice of social impact is a focus on outcomes. This paper argues that a discernible albeit problematic pattern and approach has emerged in outcomes measurement within the social impact field. After briefly reviewing some of the key problems with how outcomes measurement is practised, it presents some
recent approaches from the evaluation field that attempt to address some of these concerns before introducing a new approach to understanding and evaluating outcomes –Meaningful
Evaluation (ME). A pilot Meaningful Evaluation of volunteer ethics teachers in the Primary Ethics program in NSW is used to illustrate the approach. ME combines the Map of Meaning (MoM) with insights from next generation evaluation approaches to understand and assess outcomes. Informed by appreciative inquiry perspectives, it
provides a means to bridge the divide between positivist and interpretivist approaches in evaluation. Key to ME is the assumption that it is more likely that immediate outcomes lead to medium and long-term
outcomes (changes in behaviour) that are sustainable and lead to impact if participants experience program interventions as ‘meaningful’. Meaning is an important internal outcome that is essential if longer-term
external outcomes are to occur. It also shifts the focus to capture unintended outcomes, key to developing holistic and systemic rather than linear and mechanistic Theories of Change.

Non-Governmental organizations have been engaging with Government-run schools in India since the late 1970s. Several State Governments have encouraged their initiatives to reform pedagogical practices and to improve quality of education in these schools. Our study aims to ascertain the degree of success of such engagements in improving student learning outcomes.

De Social Return on Investment (SROI) methodiek wordt internationaal gepromoot als de tool bij uitstek om de effecten van sociaal-maatschappelijke projecten te kwantificeren. Dit artikel laat zien dat het gebruik van deze methodiek in Nederland nogal wat te wensen overlaat. Van de onderzochte
projecten is er slechts één project waarbij de gehele methodiek wordt gevolgd om tot een SROI waarde te komen. De overige rapportages van de projecten blijven steken bij stap één of twee van het proces.

Interfaith groups can be fruitfully interpreted through a Durkheimian framework as moral communities gathered on the basis of shared values and ritualistic discourses. The function of the interfaith society is to generate social solidarity through the invocation of their commonly held sacred values in a variety of modalities that can be considered the “denominations” of the interfaith “religion.” One consequence of understanding interfaith communities in this light is that it deprioritizes questions about the social impact or concrete results of interfaith engagement, as interfaith work becomes less about producing results and more about developing meaningful relationships that are not subject to proof or quantification. Rather than a change agent, interfaith dialogue is actually an emergent form of multi-religious moral community, an enactment of European cosmopolitanism which attracts mostly people who already agree with each other about the value of pluralism. This argument is grounded in ethnographic data on interfaith engagement in Rome, Italy.

This article sets out the methodology and findings of a Human Rights Impact Assessment (HRIA) of the Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) for Mauritius. It presents analysis of possible impacts of services trade liberalization and deregulation on the right to water, on labour rights and on labour migration. By examining impacts of trade-related policies through the lens of human rights law, this article brings to the fore how a HRIA can strengthen trade policy-making, and how it can provide African negotiators and other stakeholders with legal and conceptual arguments to strengthen their positions in economic negotiating contexts that are often highly complex. The article is a contribution to the literature in that it provides insights into the underexplored area of human rights impacts of liberalization of trade in services, and in that it illustrates through specific examples, how the human rights analytical framework can be applied to services trade negotiations in other fora, and to economic policy more broadly.

This chronology provides an overview of the lengthy fight about the infamous proposal to convert the Adams Mine - an open pit iron ore mine near Kirkland lake - into a mega dump for Toronto's garbage. The idea first was seriously proposed in 1989. In 1992, the Ontario government enacted the Waste Management Act, 1992 which was intended to ban waste export and promote local waste disposal in the Greater Toronto Area. By the late 1990s, the project had also been rejected by most of the municipal governments in Toronto, but was kept "alive" by a private sector promoter, Gord McGuinty (second cousin of current Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty). In addition, the project also was supported by Premier Mike Harris and the Progressive Conservatives (PCs) after they were elected to power in 1995. Harris, also was the Member of the Provincial Parliament (MPP) for North Bay-Nippissing, and he and all the other PC candidates who ran for the PCs in Northeastern Ontario in 1995 were staunch supporters of the project and on the public record, in the media and at public meetings, declaring that support. Accordingly, the project was pushed through, subject to the first and only scoped environmental assessment hearing in Ontario's history and approved, despite fierce local opposition. In 2004, the Adams Mine Lake Act, 2004 was passed, making the abandoned iron ore mine off-limits as a dump for solid waste, at least until the AMLA is amended. The AMLA revoked all existing approvals for the Adams Mine site as a landfill issued prior to 2004 and is intended to prevent development of the site as a land fill. The legislation also amends the Environmental Protection Act to prevent the use of other lakes that are larger than one hectare in size as landfill sites. This book provides support for the argument that garbage export is not sustainable or sensible as we attempt to move towards a sustainable society.

For further information, see the 2012 edited collection of materials: D. McRobert (ed.), There Is No Place Called Away: Why Exporting Garbage Is Not Sustainable or Sensible Paperback – Apr 1, 2012.
http://www.amazon.ca/There-Place-Called-Away-Sustainable/dp/1470197251

L’evoluzione del Terzo Settore, dalle modalità di finanziamento e affidamento al campo d’azione oggi ampliato, richiama la necessità di un’adozione diffusa di pratiche puntuali di valutazione di impatto sociale. Al fine di misurare l’efficienza del progetto di promozione dell’imprenditoria migrante “BITE”, e di esprimerla con trasparenza, è stato scelto il metodo SROI, l’indice del Ritorno Sociale sull’Investimento. Analogamente al ROI, si stima il valore attuale netto generato dal progetto e lo si divide per la somma degli input. La dissertazione ripercorre le fasi del calcolo e presenta i risultati, che evidenziano come il progetto riveli la propria forza non nel breve, ma nel medio-lungo termine.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

Rights Driven Institutionalization of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights” also known as “Hamara Kal” (HK) was a four year (2009-12)2 programme funded by European Commission. Hamara Kal means "OUR FUTURE". Rutgers-WPF implemented the project in districts of Multan (South Punjab), Matiari (Sindh-Rural) and Karachi (Urban and Rural-Sindh) with the support of local partners. The project commenced in 2009 with broader objective of “Improving the Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights – SRHR Status in Pakistan” and it ended in early 2013.
This report encapsulates findings of the end-project evaluation, conducted on four DAC criteria (Relevance, Effectiveness, Efficiency and Impact) recommended by OECD for evaluation of development programs. Secondary information from the document review, quantitative data from the survey of primary beneficiary and qualitative insights from key stakeholders have informed the pages of this report.

The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) is being undertaken to construct a road and railway bridge over the River Padma, between Mawa (north side) and Janjira (south side) about 40 km south of Dhaka. The main objective of the project is to establish a reliable and safe river crossing on the highway from the capital towards the relatively isolated and under-developed Southwest Region of the country, which is home to 30% of the entire population. A large number of populations have already been resettled in the resettlement areas due to the project’s implementation procedure. In Mawa there are broadly three resettlement areas. The established SIA addressed compensation packages which would be ensured by the concerned authorities. This study has focused post-resettlement social consequences of the project affected people (PAPs) of Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project. The study was conducted on three villages named Wari, Dakhsin Kumarbhog and Uttar Kumarbhog of Lohajong Upazila under Munshiganj District. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect the data required for understanding the dynamism of the post resettlement perception of the PAPs. A semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted on 30 households randomly chosen from the mentioned villages and FGDs (focus group discussion) were stood to reason that the in-depth knowledge about their experiences regarding this whole resettlement process is gathered properly. The study finds that village- North Kumarbhog is one of the three resettlement areas of Mawa side known as ‘Resettlement Area 3’ and the other two villages are also unrecognized resettlement areas where mainly the landless PAPs were forced to be resettled being extracted from the established, well-planned resettlement areas. The study finds that the powerful PAPs (landowners) are being facilitated much higher than the powerless PAPs (landless). As stated before, powerless PAPs have no access to the resettlement areas where they were entitled to have 2.5 decimal lands per household. It is also found that most of the landless people think that after resettlement they have realized that the project has become a fool’s paradise for them. They have gone bananas not having compensation packages as promised by the concerned authorities. Study shows that both the groups are facing certain difficulties after resettlement but the landless PAPs are juggling frogs to cope up with the unwanted problems originated from the resettlement course. They are experiencing difficulties with water collection, unavailability of electricity, lack of roads, drainage system, high school and so more. They said that they were just like the sitting ducks about the whole resettlement area related decisions taken by the landowners group and the concerned authority together. The study suggests that as they are in uncharted waters and seeking for ensuring their compensations as promised by the authority and which are also written in the official papers ‘Social Impact Assessment (SIA) volumes’ and the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of PMBP published by Bangladesh Bridge Authority in 2010, the concerned authorities need to step up their games by introducing adequate facilities to the PAPs in no time.

Günümüzde, toplumun gelişiminde ve dönüşümünde üniversitenin merkezi bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Modern anlamda üniversitenin Batı’da ortaya çıkışının ardından bilginin merkezi olan Kilise zamanla bu konumunu kendi içinden doğan üniversiteye bırakmıştır.
Üniversite, bilim, teknoloji, toplum etkileşimi içinde evrimleşerek bugünkü halini almıştır. Mevcut durumda üniversitenin eğitim ve araştırma olarak iki temel fonksiyonu bulunduğu ve varoluş amacının toplumsal fayda üretmek olduğu kabul görmektedir.  Bilginin tüm boyutlarıyla liberalleştiği, bireyler ve kurumların üniversite bağlamı dışında da bilgi döngüsüne katılabildiği yeni bir çağ başlamıştır. Bu yeni toplumsal bağlam üniversite için yeni meydan okumalar içermekte ve üniversiteyi bir değişime zorlamaktadır.
Üniversitenin eğitim fonksiyonu bireysel, araştırma fonksiyonu sektörel dönüşümü sağlarken, toplumsal dönüşümü sağlamak için “sosyal etki”nin üçüncü ve bağımsız bir fonksiyon olarak kurgulanması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Makalede, bireyin toplumsallığın merkezine yerleştiği, bir anlamda yalnızlaştığı bilgi çağında yeni üniversitenin, “sosyal etki”yi yeniden yapılandırarak iç ve dış müşterileri için bir toplumsallaşma aracı haline gelebileceği fikrini kavramsal olarak ele alınmaktadır.

Building community resilience is an important topic in the current debate about achieving positive community development outcomes from sustainable place-based policies, especially in mountain regions and less-favored areas. At the practical, grassroots level, however, it remains unclear how community resilience can be effectively included and assessed in local development efforts. We argue that social impact assessment (SIA) can and should play a key role in assessing regional development strategies and proposals and in building community resilience. We present the SIA Framework for Action as a tool to enhance policies, plans, programs, and projects and to assist in attaining appropriate social development outcomes, including community resilience. We demonstrate the value of the framework by discussing its application in a development project in rural Italy—the restoration of the Tratturo Magno, an ancient path used by shepherds and flocks for transhumance over centuries. The projec...

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.

Social Impact Assessments (SIAs) have played an increasingly important role in the conduct of planned interventions,
providing proponents the capacity to assess and manage the social consequences of their activities. Whilst
the SIA field has experienced significant conceptual and practical development over the last decade, efforts at
consolidating this within one framework have been limited. In this paper, we incorporate this new knowledge
by redeveloping and thus updating the SIA procedural framework developed by Interorganizational Committee
on Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment. In doing so, this updated procedural framework has
attempted to incorporate current ‘best practice’ that focuses on participatory approaches to undertaking an
SIA. This involved making adaptions to two steps, expansions to five steps, integration of a stronger participatory
approach to six steps, and the development of a new step, Management and Evaluation reflecting moves towards
ex-post use of SIA processes. It is hoped that this consolidation of the literature of a decade's worth of key findings
in SIA research will lead to further efforts towards a meta-evaluation of SIA literature and a platform from which
newer developments may be further investigated.

This study documents and analyses the social impacts of fracking and natural gas developments across five locations in England. The primary data were derived from anthropological fieldwork, including interviews and observations, conducted over a period of four years, between 2016 and 2020.

The objectives of this study were to:
- document the lived experiences of those who lived, worked and protested in the vicinity of gas developments;
- establish, analyse and compare the social impact of gas exploration projects across five different locations in England;
- identify the affected and other relevant communities as well as any distributional inequalities across different groups of stakeholders;
- explore the relationship between natural gas developments and social, psychological, health and political outcomes;
- underscore the relevance of social impacts for determining any potential unconventional gas developments and political decision-making in the UK.

Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the funding of research in and on violently divided societies. But how do we know whether research makes any difference to these societies—is the impact constructive or destructive? This book is the first to systematically explore this question through a series of case studies written by those on the front line of applied research. It offers clear and logical ways to understand the positive or negative role that research, or any other aid intervention, might have in developing societies affected by armed conflict, political unrest and/or social violence.

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’. Phronesis is the ability to think and act in relation to values, to deliberate about ‘things that are good or bad for humans’ in the words of Aristotle (1976:1140a24–b12). Phronetic organizational research effectively provides answers to the following four value-rational questions, for specific problematics in management and organization studies: 1. Where are we going with this specific management problematic? 2. Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? 3. Is this development desirable? 4. What, if anything, should we do about it?

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) have been used in agricultural research since the early 20th century and subsequently in medical research. But the past two decades have seen a major movement to introduce the same in development economics, and not only that, to privilege this methodology over all others as the only evidence-based research method for judging the impact of development initiatives. The following review outlines the history of RCTs in various fields of research, discusses methodological issues and problems in using RCTs in development economics, besides briefly highlighting ethical pitfalls that have been largely ignored in this field, in contrast to the vigorous debate on the same in medical research. The main section of the paper critically reviews a sample of RCTs conducted over the last two decades as part of Indian education research.

The Aalborg Project may be interpreted as a metaphor of modern politics, modern administration and planning, and of modernity itself. The basic idea of the project was comprehensive, coherent, and innovative, and it was based on rational and democratic argument. During implementation, however, when idea met reality, the play of Machiavellian princes, Nietzschean will to power, and Foucauldian rationality-as-rationalization resulted in the fragmentation of the project.