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... if balance of payments difficulties are to be avoided need to be addressed if trade liberalisation is to be ... explicitly the impact of greater openness, or what they call... more
... if balance of payments difficulties are to be avoided need to be addressed if trade liberalisation is to be ... explicitly the impact of greater openness, or what they call 'globalisation', on growth performance, poverty and inequality in a large sample of developing countries. ...
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The paper builds a framework for the analysis of research and development (R&D) offshoring and outsourcing that encompasses several strands of the economics literature. It surveys the predictions from key theoretical models advanced in... more
The paper builds a framework for the analysis of research and development (R&D) offshoring and outsourcing that encompasses several strands of the economics literature. It surveys the predictions from key theoretical models advanced in the literature on international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic geography, and innovation, and compares these with empirical evidence, at both country and firm level. The review first analyses the drivers and patterns of R&D (re)location, and the role played by knowledge spillovers in shaping such phenomena. It then looks at multinational firms' strategic behaviour vis-à-vis the implications of their locational choices for both home and host countries, and accounts for the time dimension of such decisions. Finally it addresses the impact that north-south and south-north R&D flows might have on growth and development, and on the innovation capability of countries.
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This paper uses panel data and times series/cross section analysis to estimate the effect of trade liberalisation on export growth, import growth, the balance of trade and the balance of payments for a sample of 22 developing countries... more
This paper uses panel data and times series/cross section analysis to estimate the effect of trade liberalisation on export growth, import growth, the balance of trade and the balance of payments for a sample of 22 developing countries that have adopted trade liberalisation policies ...
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Research Interests: Human Geography, Economics, Evolutionary Economics, International Trade, Applied Economics, and 11 moreLevel Of Detail (LOD), Competitive advantage, Public Policy and Administration, Manufacturing Industry, Global Economy, Core Competencies, Public Administration and Policy, Barriers to market entry, Low Income, Core Competency, and Economic Rent
El objetivo de este artículo es examinar el efecto de la desalineación del tipo de cambio real sobre el crecimiento eco-nómico de la República Dominicana. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se construyeron seis medidas de desalineación. Los... more
El objetivo de este artículo es examinar el efecto de la desalineación del tipo de cambio real sobre el crecimiento eco-nómico de la República Dominicana. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se construyeron seis medidas de desalineación. Los resultados empíricos indican que los coeficientes para las distintas medidas de desalineación del TCR, son negativos en todos los modelos estimados y estadísticamente significativos en la mayoría, lo que significa que un tipo de cambio real más depreciado tiene un efecto negativo en el crecimiento de largo plazo.
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The paper builds a framework for the analysis of research and development (R&D) offshoring and outsourcing that encompasses several strands of the economics literature. It surveys the predictions from key theoretical models advanced in... more
The paper builds a framework for the analysis of research and development (R&D) offshoring and outsourcing that encompasses several strands of the economics literature. It surveys the predictions from key theoretical models advanced in the literature on international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic geography, and innovation, and compares these with empirical evidence, at both country and firm level. The review first analyses the drivers and patterns of R&D (re)location, and the role played by knowledge spillovers in shaping such phenomena. It then looks at multinational firms’ strategic behaviour vis-à-vis the implications of their locational choices for both home and host countries, and accounts for the time dimension of such decisions. Finally it addresses the impact that north–south and south–north R&D flows might have on growth and development, and on the innovation capability of countries.
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This study investigates the effect of trade liberalization on export growth, import growth, the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments in 17 least developed countries (LDCs) over the period 1970 to 2001. The... more
This study investigates the effect of trade liberalization on export growth, import growth, the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments in 17 least developed countries (LDCs) over the period 1970 to 2001. The paper also assesses the marginal relation between capital flows (e.g., aid flows) and import growth, and the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments. The higher import growth contrasts with the more modest export growth following trade liberalization and this has fundamental policy implications, especially for the balance of trade and the balance of payments. However, the financing and sustainability of the trade deficit in the reforming countries will depend not only on the outcome of trade liberalization, but also on other macroeconomic policies, developments in the real exchange rate and the inflows of foreign capital.
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Este texto muestra el comentario de Amelia U. Santos-Paulino al artículo "Crecimiento económico y desalineación del tipo de cambio real en la República Dominicana" donde se evalúa empíricamente uno de los numerosos canales a... more
Este texto muestra el comentario de Amelia U. Santos-Paulino al artículo "Crecimiento económico y desalineación del tipo de cambio real en la República Dominicana" donde se evalúa empíricamente uno de los numerosos canales a través del cual el tipo de cambio real podría afectar el crecimiento económico de la República Dominicana.
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This document presents research undertaken as part of the United Nations Sabbatical Leave Programme. The investigation examines the impact of regional integration on development, particularly in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It... more
This document presents research undertaken as part of the United Nations Sabbatical Leave Programme. The investigation examines the impact of regional integration on development, particularly in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It evaluates whether regional integration contributes to achieving development outcomes like economic growth, addressing inequality, and diversification. The analysis covers over 100 countries for the period 1980-2013, and the development clusters for the empirical analysis are LDCs and low-income countries. The impact on Asia-Pacific in comparison to other developing regions is also estimated.
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1. Measuring Vulnerability: An Overview and Introduction Wim Naude, Amelia U. Santos-Paulino and Mark McGillivray 2. An Economic Vulnerability Index: Its Design and Use for International Development Policy Patrick Guillaumont 3. Economic... more
1. Measuring Vulnerability: An Overview and Introduction Wim Naude, Amelia U. Santos-Paulino and Mark McGillivray 2. An Economic Vulnerability Index: Its Design and Use for International Development Policy Patrick Guillaumont 3. Economic Vulnerability and Resilience: Concepts and Measurements Lino Briguglio, Gordon Cordina, Nadia Farrugia and Stephanie Vella 4. Measuring the Vulnerability of Subnational Regions in South Africa Wim Naude, Mark McGillivray and Stephanie Rossouw 5. How Precisely Can We Estimate Vulnerability to Poverty? Yuan Zhang and Guanghua Wan 6. The Impact of Violent Conflicts on Households: What Do We Know and What Should We Know about War Widows? Tilman Bruck and Kati Schindler
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La autora examina el comportamiento de las exportaciones de la Republica Dominicana hacia Estados Unidos en el periodo 1998-2002 en el marco teorico de las ventajas comparativas reveladas de Balassa y en un entorno de liberalizacion... more
La autora examina el comportamiento de las exportaciones de la Republica Dominicana hacia Estados Unidos en el periodo 1998-2002 en el marco teorico de las ventajas comparativas reveladas de Balassa y en un entorno de liberalizacion comercial. Mediante indices de desempeno de las exportaciones entre esos dos paises se evalua si existe cambio estructural o modificaciones en relacion con el grado de especializacion comercial de los 21 capitulos del Sistema Armonizado
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational enterprises (MNEs) are important sources of financing for developing countries. In this context, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has a long track-record of... more
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational enterprises (MNEs) are important sources of financing for developing countries. In this context, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has a long track-record of looking at both spillovers from FDI and gender equality. The policy study on investment by transnational corporations and gender provided a preliminary review of the academic literature on the impact of foreign investment on gender policy and practice, focusing on the wage and employment effects, and the related potential for women’s empowerment (UNCTAD, 2014). In addition, the 2020 World Investment Report (UNCTAD, 2020a) describes that the world’s leading multinational enterprises are increasing their gender equality reporting and policies, contributing to broader female representation and positive development impacts. Finally, several of the papers in this special issue served as background research for the UNCTAD (forthcoming) policy report on The International Transmission of Gender Policies and Practices: The Role of Multinational Enterprises. This original academic research was presented at an expert group meeting in May 2020, which brought together researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to discuss tangible policy recommendations and development impacts, while formally validating the quality of the research as part of the review process.
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This study investigates the effect of trade liberalization on export growth, import growth, the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments in 17 least developed countries (LDCs) over the period 1970 to 2001. The... more
This study investigates the effect of trade liberalization on export growth, import growth, the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments in 17 least developed countries (LDCs) over the period 1970 to 2001. The paper also assesses the marginal relation between capital flows (e.g., aid flows) and import growth, and the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments. The higher import growth contrasts with the more modest export growth following trade liberalization and this has fundamental policy implications, especially for the balance of trade and the balance of payments. However, the financing and sustainability of the trade deficit in the reforming countries will depend not only on the outcome of trade liberalization, but also on other macroeconomic policies, developments in the real exchange rate and the inflows of foreign capital.
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This Policy Brief focuses on links betweenthe developing countries of Brazil, India,China and South Africa and the global economy, with a special emphasis on the implications of China.s spectacular growthon developing economies and the... more
This Policy Brief focuses on links betweenthe developing countries of Brazil, India,China and South Africa and the global economy, with a special emphasis on the implications of China.s spectacular growthon developing economies and the rest ofthe world. The issues considered include changing patterns in trade, capital flows,and commodity prices. Both positive andnegative impacts are identified and implicationsfor international governance andforeign policies of various nations are explored.
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This paper analyses the impact of the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers on the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments of 22 selected developing countries from Africa, Latin America, East Asia, and South... more
This paper analyses the impact of the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers on the trade balance and the current account of the balance of payments of 22 selected developing countries from Africa, Latin America, East Asia, and South Asia. The study presents estimates of dynamic panel data models and time-series/cross-section models. The main findings are that trade liberalisation has worsened the balance of trade and the balance of payments, because imports have increased more rapidly than exports. However, the impact of liberalisation and other variables varies according to region and the nature of the trade policy regime.
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This paper provides an introduction to this special issue of Oxford Development Studies.It starts by contextualizingthe measurement of vulnerability, pointing to the needto take riskson the level of households,regionsand countriesinto... more
This paper provides an introduction to this special issue of Oxford Development Studies.It starts by contextualizingthe measurement of vulnerability, pointing to the needto take riskson the level of households,regionsand countriesinto accountin designingpoverty-reduction strategies.It thensummarizesthepapersin this specialissue,highlighting the waysin which they advancethe conceptualizationand measurement of vulnerability, and noting directionsfor future research.
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The paper builds a framework for the analysis of research and development (R&D) offshoring and outsourcing that encompasses several strands of the economics literature. It surveys the predictions from key theoretical models advanced in... more
The paper builds a framework for the analysis of research and development (R&D) offshoring and outsourcing that encompasses several strands of the economics literature. It surveys the predictions from key theoretical models advanced in the literature on international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic geography, and innovation, and compares these with empirical evidence, at both country and firm level. The review first analyses the drivers and patterns of R&D (re)location, and the role played by knowledge spillovers in shaping such phenomena. It then looks at multinational firms’ strategic behaviour vis-a-vis the implications of their locational choices for both home and host countries, and accounts for the time dimension of such decisions. Finally it addresses the impact that north–south and south–north R&D flows might have on growth and development, and on the innovation capability of countries.
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List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Foreword Preface Notes on Contributors List of Abbreviations and Acronyms PART I: THE RISE OF CHINA AND INDIA: DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Globalization and the Developing... more
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Foreword Preface Notes on Contributors List of Abbreviations and Acronyms PART I: THE RISE OF CHINA AND INDIA: DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Globalization and the Developing World: The Difference that China Makes J.Henderson China, South Africa, and the Lewis Model J.Knight India's Economic Growth: Lessons for the Emerging Economies S.Chakraborty PART II: ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND GROWTH Beyond Industrialization: New Approaches to Development Strategy Based on the Service Sector P.Sheehan The Service Sector Revolution in India: A Quantitative Analysis R.Verma China's Development Strategy and Energy Security H.A.Khan Identification of Regional Fundamental Economic Structure (FES) of India: An Input-Output and Field of Influence Approach S.K.Thakur Comparing Regional Development in China and India Y.Wu The Gains from Growth for Women and Informal Workers in India: A SAM Based CGE Analysis A.Sinha & H.A.Khan PART III:...
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The Dominican Republic’s partaking in the global economy has fluctuated significantly since post-colonial times. This paper follows this country’s journey in and out of the world markets since 1880s by analysing the role of the export... more
The Dominican Republic’s partaking in the global economy has fluctuated significantly since post-colonial times. This paper follows this country’s journey in and out of the world markets since 1880s by analysing the role of the export sector within the economy and the impact on development. We are interested in whether the DR developed due to the expansion of trade or if actually trade hampered development. We find that the integration to the world economy has been costly, as the volatility of the terms of trade and capital flows increased the country’s vulnerability. The implemented governmental policies introduced distortions to the economy and achieved few gains in terms of economic development. Export diversification arrived relatively late to the DR, and the effects on development have been divergent, as far as improving trade balance, promoting diversification,building human capital, and creating employment.
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The paper discusses views on China and India as country role models. In so doing the article recounts the economic and political reforms pursued by the two countries. The paper also outlines the outstanding reforms and the bottlenecks... more
The paper discusses views on China and India as country role models. In so doing the article recounts the economic and political reforms pursued by the two countries. The paper also outlines the outstanding reforms and the bottlenecks that could jeopardize economic performance and development going forward, drawing lessons for other developing countries.
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Developing countries have become more active participants in regional trade agreements, which raise questions about how the benefits of integration are distributed. A key concern is whether countries at the low end of the income spectrum... more
Developing countries have become more active participants in regional trade agreements, which raise questions about how the benefits of integration are distributed. A key concern is whether countries at the low end of the income spectrum are able to capture development gains from integration. Historically, such impacts have been difficult to identify with precision. This paper contributes to the understanding of such issues by analysing the impact of regional integration on growth and within country inequality. The investigation develops two measures of regional integration using trade agreement participation as a proxy for preferential trade access. The analysis shows that regional integration leads to higher economic growth and lower within-country inequality in member countries. The direct development effects can be further enhanced by a second transmission channel whereby a country captures indirect benefits from any agreements to which its trading partners are party. The abilit...
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Market-oriented reforms, such as liberalizing trade and encouraging foreign direct investment, can generate large efficiency gains for a country. However, there is also concern that lower-skilled workers are increasingly being replaced by... more
Market-oriented reforms, such as liberalizing trade and encouraging foreign direct investment, can generate large efficiency gains for a country. However, there is also concern that lower-skilled workers are increasingly being replaced by technology and that more globalized markets are harming employment opportunities. We investigate these issues by exploring household surveys from Viet Nam, combined with information on the task content of occupations, industrial exposure to international trade, and access to technology across the country. We assess the extent to which exposure to foreign markets and access to digital technologies affect the demand for different types of skills, by exploiting the fact that provinces vary in the degree of access to digital technologies and industries vary in the degree of exposure to foreign markets. We also extend much of the literature to consider the interplay between trade and technology on labor demand. On its own, technological change does not ...
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note... more
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. ...
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Description Small island developing states (SIDS) are characterised by high economic, geographical and social vulnerability. These states are perceived as economically vulnerable, exhibiting poor economic performance, and embedding low... more
Description Small island developing states (SIDS) are characterised by high economic, geographical and social vulnerability. These states are perceived as economically vulnerable, exhibiting poor economic performance, and embedding low levels of achieved well-being on most criteria. SIDS, which occupy very large parts of the world, face idiosyncratic development challenges largely owing to their susceptibility to external shocks. Still, these countries are all too often overlooked in the development research literature. Arising from a UNU-WIDER research project, this book provides in-depth research on the international dimensions of SIDS development experiences. Using a wealth of data, as well as case studies, the main topics examined comprise: aid, policies and growth; the costs of neglect, in terms of losses owing to a country falling into the fragile states group, of that country and those in its region; the composition of trade and the impact of external shocks, and the impact o...
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The global economic crisis, which erupted about one year ago with the US sub-prime mortgage crisis and the collapse of the investment bank Lehman Brothers, painfully reminds us on how vulnerable developing countries can be to external... more
The global economic crisis, which erupted about one year ago with the US sub-prime mortgage crisis and the collapse of the investment bank Lehman Brothers, painfully reminds us on how vulnerable developing countries can be to external shocks.This short paper provides an overview of recent UNU-WIDER work that provides perspectives and insights into the nature and policy implications of such
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The Challenge of Small Island Developing States. Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics. Author Info. Wim Naudé McGillivray, Mark Santos-Paulino, Amelia U. Abstract. No abstract is... more
The Challenge of Small Island Developing States. Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics. Author Info. Wim Naudé McGillivray, Mark Santos-Paulino, Amelia U. Abstract. No abstract is available for this item. Download Info. To download ...
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... These are indus-tries associated with the infrastructure sector (mostly transport). ... Santos-Paulino, AU, M. Squiciarini, and P. Fan (2008).'R&D (Re) location: A Bird's Eye (Re) view'. ... Wilson,... more
... These are indus-tries associated with the infrastructure sector (mostly transport). ... Santos-Paulino, AU, M. Squiciarini, and P. Fan (2008).'R&D (Re) location: A Bird's Eye (Re) view'. ... Wilson, D., and R. Purushothaman (2003).'Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050'. ...
ABSTRACT This paper surveys several strands of the economics literature focusing on the international mobility of FDI in general, and the offshoring and outsourcing of R&D activities in particular. The paper outlines key findings,... more
ABSTRACT This paper surveys several strands of the economics literature focusing on the international mobility of FDI in general, and the offshoring and outsourcing of R&D activities in particular. The paper outlines key findings, identifies common features and existing divergences and addresses the relevant research gaps emerging from the R&D offshoring and outsourcing literatures. The aim is to investigate the main drivers of R&D (re)location and the possible impact that the offshoring and outsourcing of R&D activities might have on the competitiveness and growth of both firms and countries. Factor price differences, trading costs, countries' size and openness, relative skill endowments, productivity differentials, completeness and enforceability of contracts, knowledge production and spillovers and IPR regimes all shape foreign sourcing and the specific R&D location patterns that emerge. The overall impact of offshoring and outsourcing in general—and of R&D in particular—cannot be seen in isolation, as it is part of more complex globalisation dynamics.
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... 1960s. Three periods are contrasted: the era before the first Gulf War (1991), the era of international isolation between 1991 and 2003, and the subsequent post-Saddam Hussein period following the 2003 USA-led inva-sion. ...