- Business, Anthropology, Human Rights, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology, Convention on the Rights of the Child, and 14 moreJuvenile Delinquency & Juvenile Justice System, Child witnesses, Youth Gangs and Street Children, Children in Prisons with Mothers, Media Studies, Film Studies, Audience and Reception Studies, Reception Studies, Uses And Gratifications, Cultural Studies, Critical Theory, Political Economy, Cultural Theory, and Media and Cultural Studiesedit
The main objective of this study is to explore the role of juveniles' personal observation and their poverty status in influencing their perception of the police. The article draws on detailed informal interviews with 34 male juveniles on... more
The main objective of this study is to explore the role of juveniles' personal observation and their poverty status in influencing their perception of the police. The article draws on detailed informal interviews with 34 male juveniles on probation in Karachi. This study found that besides family members, friends and the media, juveniles' personal observation of the police's negative activities in their neighbourhood and vicinities was the leading factor influencing their perception of the police. All 34 juveniles have seen the police engaging in negative activities (being involved in crime) in their vicinity. In addition, the juveniles' poor socioeconomic status was found to be an important factor in shaping their negative perception although it was not as significant as the police's practice of criminalising the poor. It was also found that the majority of the juveniles were tortured; these juveniles claimed that they were innocent and were falsely implicated in false cases by the police. These vicarious encounters reinvigorated their pre-established negative perception of the police. The article concludes that personal observation plays a major role in shaping juveniles' perception of the police in Karachi.
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In international migration, income resources, cost of living and dynamics of remittance have attained a great importance, however, Indonesian migrant workers in Sabah (Malaysia) have not been studied thoroughly in this regard. This... more
In international migration, income resources, cost of living and dynamics of remittance have attained a great importance, however, Indonesian migrant workers in Sabah (Malaysia) have not been studied thoroughly in this regard. This article would like to investigate Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia's remitting behavior or decisions in light of their pre and post sources of income, cost of living, and how employers contribute in their cost of living. This study is based on the results of the ILMS survey conducted in 2010 and also in-depth informal interviews with legal and illegal workers. Under the survey, 896 respondents were interviewed. The article found that migrants' living expenses at the destination included daily consumption and accommodation usually formed the biggest portion of monthly expenditure, which affected the migrants' remitting behavior. This research extended Russell's model of remittances by including expenses at the destination that can influence the decision to remit, particularly among migrants accompanied by their family. It has been demonstrated that the costs of living expenses were higher among migrants with family in Sabah than among single migrants. This explains the tendency to send less frequently and a lower volume of remittances among the former. Hence, the trend of being accompanied by the family to Sabah has implications for migrants' remitting behavior. The article concludes that migrant workers with families were less likely to send remittance to their remaining family members in Indonesia. They had to fulfill family needs in the destination country. It shows that migrants with families opt to spend and support the local economy, and do not remit to their home countries.
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In Sindh youth is neglected in political agendas but these are those who help political parties to win elections and come into power. Unemployment amongst youth has brought youth to crime,... more
In Sindh youth is neglected in political agendas but these are those who help political parties to win elections and come into power. Unemployment amongst youth has brought youth to crime, radicalization and violence. Civil society is also concerned about less representation of youth in the parliament and they are provided less opportunities or space to play their active role of vigilance on the implementation of basic rights and services by the state. In light of above issues, this survey was conducted to know the knowledge of youth of selected districts regarding Youth policy of Government of Sindh in context of varied dimension; to understand the capacity ga
ps of the youth of target districts; and to understand perception of youth regarding their issues and challenges. This survey is basically part of the project funded by USAID in which the CSSP intended to engage with youth and other stakeholders in Sindh for providing feedback to the Government of Sindh on the SYP. These districts are: Tharparkar, Umerkot, Mirpur Khas, Tando Allah Yar, Badin, Ghotki, Shikarpur, Sukkur, Khairpur, and Naushehro Feroz. CSSP was already engaged with youth under its Voice of New Generation, a core program, which has already more than 3000 youth members which had been trained under different project by CSSP, who are playing active role in communities. This VONG program also would like to form Youth Policy Watch Committees at district level and train them in policy advocacy and oversight of public institutions, and raise awareness among the youth population of targeted districts about youth development and for the need of a youth policy in the province.
ps of the youth of target districts; and to understand perception of youth regarding their issues and challenges. This survey is basically part of the project funded by USAID in which the CSSP intended to engage with youth and other stakeholders in Sindh for providing feedback to the Government of Sindh on the SYP. These districts are: Tharparkar, Umerkot, Mirpur Khas, Tando Allah Yar, Badin, Ghotki, Shikarpur, Sukkur, Khairpur, and Naushehro Feroz. CSSP was already engaged with youth under its Voice of New Generation, a core program, which has already more than 3000 youth members which had been trained under different project by CSSP, who are playing active role in communities. This VONG program also would like to form Youth Policy Watch Committees at district level and train them in policy advocacy and oversight of public institutions, and raise awareness among the youth population of targeted districts about youth development and for the need of a youth policy in the province.
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he majority of research on Malaysian seaweed farming has focused on the biological and macroeconomic aspects , and has significantly disregarded the micro - level social, cultural and economic issues , especially the relationship between... more
he majority of research on Malaysian seaweed farming has focused on the biological and macroeconomic aspects , and has significantly disregarded the micro - level social, cultural and economic issues , especially the relationship between seaweed cult ivation and coastal communities. Therefore, this paper focuses on the social and economic aspects that have been covered in studies in the seaweed sector , together with those aspects that have been ignored . Seaweed cultivation activities ha ve not only resulted in a contest over marine spaces and resources, but has also led to changes in the values of communities , in that communities have compromised the social values of collective care in favour of individual economic benefit s . D ue to the increasing tension in seaweed areas, many families have stopped helping each other ; however, t his aspect has been ignored in academic research. The role of migrant workers in seaweed cultivation is another topic that remains untouched . A lso lacking was empirical evidence concerning the role of seaweed cultivation initiatives in reducing the economic poverty of the communities and improving coastal people‟s level of income. Finally , this paper raises some questions about the absence of data related to seaweed cultivating communities.
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The Paris Principles resolution in the United Nations General Assembly, the National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) are non-binding but considered highly important in guiding human rights practices in individual countries. In light of... more
The Paris Principles resolution in the United Nations General Assembly, the National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) are non-binding but considered highly important in guiding human rights practices in individual countries. In light of the Paris principles this study of the Human Rights Commission
of Malaysia (Suhakam) focuses on how and to what extent Suhakam has played its role, performed its tasks, and
contributed to the promotion and protection of the human rights of Malaysia’s Orang Asli, and on factors
affecting its performance in promoting and protecting the rights of the community. The findings revealed Suhakam’s slow and less effective measures as the main reasons for the little protection of the rights of the Orang Asli . There were grey areas that Suhakam had not addressed effectively including representation of the Orang Asli within Suhakam and in other agencies, and discriminations on religious grounds and formal education. In conclusion, Suhakam would have to go beyond its ‘postman’ role to that of bringing real and desired change for the benefit of the Orang Asli.
Keywords: human rights, National Human Rights Institutions, Orang Asli, Paris Principles, promotion and protection of rights, Suhakam
of Malaysia (Suhakam) focuses on how and to what extent Suhakam has played its role, performed its tasks, and
contributed to the promotion and protection of the human rights of Malaysia’s Orang Asli, and on factors
affecting its performance in promoting and protecting the rights of the community. The findings revealed Suhakam’s slow and less effective measures as the main reasons for the little protection of the rights of the Orang Asli . There were grey areas that Suhakam had not addressed effectively including representation of the Orang Asli within Suhakam and in other agencies, and discriminations on religious grounds and formal education. In conclusion, Suhakam would have to go beyond its ‘postman’ role to that of bringing real and desired change for the benefit of the Orang Asli.
Keywords: human rights, National Human Rights Institutions, Orang Asli, Paris Principles, promotion and protection of rights, Suhakam
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This article draws on cases of abuse, torture and violence against children in the criminal justice system of Pakistan. These children are denied their fundamental right to justice by the invisible structure of violence. The article... more
This article draws on cases of abuse, torture and violence against children in the criminal justice system of Pakistan. These children are denied their fundamental right to justice by the invisible structure of violence. The article explores the links between the poverty, injustice and human rights violations by presenting extended case studies of two children under the age of 18 in Karachi and drawing upon a number of other cases of abuse reported in the media and NGO reports. It argues for a deeper understanding of the role of structural violence - ranging from colonial legacies and inadequate protections to institutionalised practices of torture and abuse – in perpetuating human rights violations of children in the criminal justice system of Pakistan.
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Baseline Survey to see prevalence rate and causes of child begging in Peshawar city (Unedited first draft)
The Universal Periodic Review of Pakistan: New phase of implementation from 2012 to 2017. This booklet was compiled for the Child Rights Movement (CRM) Pakistan.
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End inhuman sentencing of children in Pakistan: A Report and Advocacy Toolkit jointly compiled by Sabine Saliba Boutruche from CRIN and Abdullah Khoso from SPARC
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This paper is a chapter of SPARC's annual flagship report "The State of Pakistan's Children 2011".
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This paper is 7th chapter of SPARC's annual flagship report on "The State of Pakistan's Children 2010". This report provides two years, i.e. 2009 and 2008, facts of child suicidal trends, reasons and helplessness of Pakistani society. It... more
This paper is 7th chapter of SPARC's annual flagship report on "The State of Pakistan's Children 2010". This report provides two years, i.e. 2009 and 2008, facts of child suicidal trends, reasons and helplessness of Pakistani society. It also includes details about child suicide bombers. In this grim situation, there are no legal, policy and administrative measures taken by Pakistan.
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The article talks about guiding laws and offers review of judgements of the higher courts, it also includes views from lawyers
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The article highlights practical issues involved in implementing OP3 in Pakistan and sheds light on those issues.
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In Pakistan, young children are vulnerable who are ‘useful’ to the purposes of organized crime.
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The article set out drawbacks of detention of juveniles in Pakistan
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The article draws attention to plight of much younger children who are imprisoned with their mothers.
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In 2004, the Lahore High Court in Farooq Ahmed v Pakistan had made a decision which reflects many inherent conflicts, tensions, and contradictions endemic not only in the legal framework in Pakistan related to children but also in broader... more
In 2004, the Lahore High Court in Farooq Ahmed v Pakistan had made a decision which reflects many inherent conflicts, tensions, and contradictions endemic not only in the legal framework in Pakistan related to children but also in broader terms within the legal system and indeed the state itself. The original case was still pending before the Supreme Court of Pakistan but this imaginary judgment has adopted child rights and welfare approach from the international human rights treaties perspective and also, significantly, in the context of Pakistan, Islamic norms, and values. The judgment has revisited the existing case law and redrafted the judgment from a children's rights perspective, and has highlighted the theoretical and practical challenges of securing children's rights in the criminal justice system. It has also attempted to explore how developments in theory and practice can inform and ensure the legal protection of children's rights in the criminal justice system. The judgment is accompanied by a commentary by Urfan Khaliq explaining the legal, social and political contexts and rationale in which the original judgment was made, and how (to what extent) the imaginary judgment help to serve the child rights agenda in the criminal justice system of Pakistan. The imaginary judgment can be obtained from Hart Publishing (https://www.bloomsburyprofessional.com/uk/rewriting-childrens-rights-judgments-9781782259275/).
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The state of peasants' rights in Sindh 2016 is an annual report that highlights and narrates the miseries of peasants in Sindh and how social and political structures systematically violates their fundamental rights. The report reveals... more
The state of peasants' rights in Sindh 2016 is an annual report that highlights and narrates the miseries of peasants in Sindh and how social and political structures systematically violates their fundamental rights. The report reveals how in a post-modern era, peasants in Sindh were victims of injustice, cruelty, abuse, slavery, exploitation, discrimination and many other human rights violations.
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This report is about the state of peasants' social, political and economic rights in Sindh province of Pakistan. It portrays very dismal state of peasants' human rights in Sindh and shows how structural criminal violence and cruelty... more
This report is about the state of peasants' social, political and economic rights in Sindh province of Pakistan. It portrays very dismal state of peasants' human rights in Sindh and shows how structural criminal violence and cruelty prevail across the province to deprive peasants and workers from their fundamental rights.
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Fisheries sector in Pakistan—inland and marine—covers rivers and their tributaries, canal irrigation system, natural lakes, storage reservoirs and small and large size ponds, and coastal and deep sea fishing. Millions of people are... more
Fisheries sector in Pakistan—inland and marine—covers rivers and their tributaries, canal irrigation system, natural lakes, storage reservoirs and small and large size ponds, and coastal and deep sea fishing. Millions of people are engaged, directly or indirectly, in both inland and marine, with majority employed in the marine fisheries. This workforce is contributing to the national exchequer as the country earns a sizeable amount from fish and fish-products exports.
Unfortunately, workers in the fishing sector are marginalised, poorly paid and have no access to social protection schemes offered by the state. Employer-worker relationship remains informal and workers are excluded from labour laws as fisheries sector comes under agriculture. The occupation is hazardous and risky, yet there is no occupational health and safety system in place. Besides, the livelihood of fisheries workers is under threat due to rapidly depleting fish resources. The reasons include demographic pressure in the communities, over-fishing, activities of foreign deep sea trawlers, and use of harmful nets, pollution and reduction in fresh water flow from River Indus. The problems fisherfolks face today are both natural and man-made.
This profile, based on secondary data, plus information collected through Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum (PFF) at its office at Ibrahim Hyderi, Karachi, and informal discussions with fisheries workers at their work places, attempts to document the issues presently confronted by inland and marine fisheries workers.
Unfortunately, workers in the fishing sector are marginalised, poorly paid and have no access to social protection schemes offered by the state. Employer-worker relationship remains informal and workers are excluded from labour laws as fisheries sector comes under agriculture. The occupation is hazardous and risky, yet there is no occupational health and safety system in place. Besides, the livelihood of fisheries workers is under threat due to rapidly depleting fish resources. The reasons include demographic pressure in the communities, over-fishing, activities of foreign deep sea trawlers, and use of harmful nets, pollution and reduction in fresh water flow from River Indus. The problems fisherfolks face today are both natural and man-made.
This profile, based on secondary data, plus information collected through Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum (PFF) at its office at Ibrahim Hyderi, Karachi, and informal discussions with fisheries workers at their work places, attempts to document the issues presently confronted by inland and marine fisheries workers.