Hussein Ali Kadhim Kyhoiesh

The free radical method was used for the synthesis of hydrogel, relying on environmentally friendly and available monomers such as acrylic acid (AC) and acrylamide (AM) in the presence of (CdS). The application of (AC-co-AM)/CdS hydrogel nanocomposite for the removal of Cypermethrin Pesticides (CYP) shows wide potential; as highly efficient absorbents for treating water contaminated with CYP under ideal conditions. The most important factors affecting the adsorption process, such as equilibrium time and hydrogel dosage, were studied. Optimal conditions for insecticide removal were found to be pH 9.0, equilibration time = 150 min, hydrogel weight = 0.1 g, concentration = 10 mg L −1. Temperature had a strong effect on the biosorption process. Moreover, the hydrogel was characterized by FESEM, TEM and XRD. Increased weight of hydrogel nanocomposite results in increase removal percentages; 0.1 g/L of weight of hydrogel resulted in 81.333 % absorption. The pH solution increased, with removal percentage of pH =2 (41.55 %) to pH=11 (89.78%) increased. (AC-co-AM)/CdS hydrogel nanocomposite surface has a very high efficiency in regeneration and use, so that it is characterized by its stability and high stability compared to (AC-co-AM) hydrogel, so that it is characterized Stability of 5 cycles (81.67% to 70 .22%). Overall, the present study suggests that this environmentally friendly, effective and low-cost hydrogel may be useful for removing insecticide from aqueous solution.

A novel compound called 3-chloro-4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2yl)azetidin-2-one (3-CDBA), derived from beta-lactams, was investigated for its effects on human leukemia (HL-60) cells, pancreatic cancer (TCP-1026) cells, and healthy cells (WRL68) for comparison. The compound showed an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 91.55 µg/ml on the leukemia cells, 141.3 µg/ml on the pancreatic cancer cells, and 353.8 µg/ml on the healthy cells. This indicates that the compound selectively kills cancer cells while having minimal effect on healthy cells, as higher concentrations are required to kill half of the healthy cells. These findings suggest that the compound has the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. In comparison to conventional antioxidants like ascorbic acid (vitamin C), the beta-lactam derivative (3-CDBA) exhibited a higher percentage of inhibition at the highest concentration, with a value of 72.95% and an IC50 of 42.67 µg/ml. Furthermore, the compound's effects were studied on two types of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus (positive) and Escherichia coli (negative), as well as various Penicillium species. The compound showed the greatest inhibitory effect at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml. In a theoretical examination, molecular docking was employed to design and synthesize a drug using the beta-lactam derivative and a target associated with cancer cells from a protein database. The compound demonstrated a strong and close interaction with amino acids and different sites within the active pocket, resulting in a higher binding energy. This indicates that the compound has the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by disrupting their metabolic processes. To determine the lethal dose (LD50), the beta-lactam derivative (3-CDBA) was administered to half of the animals in the study.

This study focuses on the synthesis of the 2-[2\-(5-bromo thiazolyl) azo]-5-di-methyl amino benzoic acid (5-BrTAMB) and Cd(II) coordinate complex. Diazotization by 2-amino-5-bromo thiazole and mixation by an alkaline alcohol solution of the 3-dimethyl amino benzoic acid. Various analytical techniques, including 1H-NMR, mass spectral, FT-IR spectra, UV-Vis, elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), measurement of electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, TGA, XRD data and SEM spectra support azo ligand structures and their metal complex. The ligand is the trident N, N, O donor and forms the ML2 [metal-ligand] stoichiometry complex. Cd(II)-complex is found to have exhibited octahedral geometry. The ligand and its metal complex were screened against A. Niger for their antifungal activity and antibacterial activity against S. Aurores and E. Coli.

The novel ligand 2-[2'-(6-methoxybenzothiazolyl)azo]-3,5-dimethyl benzoic acid (6-MBTAMB), derived from 2-amino-6-methoxy benzothiazole, has been used to synthesize a series of new metal complexes of Ag(I), Pt(IV) and Au(III). The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses (CHNS), molar conductivity, crystal structure (XRD), spectroscopic techniques: FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-Vis, mass spectra, thermal analysis (TG-DTA), FE-SEM and magnetic properties. Results confirmed that the azo dye ligand behaves a tridentate and coordinates to the metal ion via nitrogen atom of azomethine group of heterocyclic benzothiazole ring, nitrogen atom of the azo group which is the farthest of the benzothiazole molecule and carboxylic oxygen. Antimicrobial properties of all newly synthesized azo compounds are also demonstrated against bacterial pathogenic organisms and fungi. These complexes are more effective against bacteria and less effective against fungi compared to standard antibacterial drugs (Novobiocin) and antifungal drugs (Cycloheximide). By using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging test, it was discovered that the complexes had good antioxidant properties. In addition, the (6-MBTAMB) and metal complexes were docked with the crystal structure of FGF Receptor 2 (FGFR2) kinase domain harboring the pathogenic gain of function K659E mutation identified in endometrial cancer using the Molecular Operating Environment module (MOE). In vitro studies on human endometrial cancer cell lines (MFE-296) as well as healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) show uptake of the intact compounds by the cancer cells and increased activity against the cancer cells.

Polyacrylamide hydrogel is a chemically three-dimensionality cross-linked polymer network that has the ability to absorb large quantities of water due to its swelling property. in this study, polyacrylamide copolymer was synthesized by using acrylamide and crotonic acid as monomers, N,N′methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) used as a crosslinker, and Potassium Persulfate (KPS, 98%) as the catalyst for radical copolymerization. A simple technique (water bath, closed glass tube) was used to synthesis this copolymer and its composites. the characterization of synthesized copolymers was done using FTIR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Also, copolymers were examined by swelling behavior with the change in the media pH (1.2-7.4). The results have shown the maximum capacity of swelling (>600%) in neutral media (7.4).

The preparation and spectral identification of new heterocyclic azo ligand 1,4-Bis(imidazolylazo)benzene (BIAB) was prepared by reacting a diazonium chloride salt solution of 1,4-diaminobenzene with imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution. Differing spectral techniques have been used to study the structure of the azo dye ligand (BIAB) such as Elemental analysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, Mass spectrum, UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM and thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The pathogenic activities of the synthesized ligand (BIAB) was tested in vitro against the sensitive organisms Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative) as antibacterial and Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans as antifungal. The activity data show that the ligand (BIAB) higher antibacterial and slightly antifungus activity in comparison to the standard antibacterial (Amoxicillin) and antifungal (cycloheximide) drugs. The acute toxicity studies (LD50) was calculated using by Miller and Tainter methods (Estimated Probity Units) for the calculation of LD50. In this study, different doses (600, 1000, 1300, 1800, 2500 and 3600 μg/ml) of the (BIAB) was administered orally to the different groups of mice. The results exhibited high acute toxicity with LD50 of 1020.23 mg/kg upon intraperitoneal administration in mice. The antioxidant properties of the ligand was examined using the DPPH radical scavenging technique. IC50 was also determined at 224.17 μg/ml.

The preparation and spectral identification of metal complexes for Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions with new heterocyclic azo dye as ligand 2-[2 À-(1-Hydroxy-4-Chloro phenyl) azo ]-imidazole (HClPAI) were prepared by reacting adizonium chloride salt solution of 2-amino-4-chloro phenol with imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution. Azo dye ligand and their metal complexes have been characterized by analytical data, 1 H NMR, Mass spectrum, Infrared, Electronic spectral data, XRD, SEM, thermal analysis (TG-DSC-DTG), magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance. The elemental analysis of the metal complexes confirm the stoichiometry of the type [M(L) 2 ] Cl where M ¼ Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and [M(L) 2 ] where M ¼ Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and L ¼ azo dye ligand. Molar conductance measurements for prepared metal complexes showed 1:1 electrolyte for Cr(III), Fe(III) and Co(III) ions and non-electrolyte the rest metal complexes. The data show that the azo dye ligand behaves a tridentate and coordinates to the metal ion via nitrogen atom of azo group which is the farthest of imidazole molecule, nitrogen atom of azomethine group of heterocyclic imidazole ring and phenolic oxygen. Octahedral environment is suggested for all metal complexes.

A new innovative drug has been synthesized from new heterocyclic azo dye compound 2-[-2-(1-Hydroxy-4-Chlorphenyl) azo]-Imidazole (HClPAI) and used as an anthelmintic and parasites that infects cats, the recent record in our laboratory of its effectiveness and its medicinal effect to overcome the mechanism of development in microorganisms by eliminating many eggs and worms in the digestive system and the intestines and micro and large, especially for parasites and eggs Toxocara cati.
The study was tested on cats after having infected 500 eggs of the Toxocara cati eggs and treated by giving prepared organic compound (HClPAI) as a oral dose,  and a dose (15, 30, 50) mg/kg body weight, examining feces samples for cats and calculating the rate egg/g of feces before and after the new drug test (HClPAI). The values and results indicated the effectiveness in the elimination of worms and reduction of the number of eggs offered to the extent of treatment and about the proportion of the superiority of commercial antibiotics used in the domestic markets and drug efficiency of up to 100 % after the second week of treatment.
The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the (HClPAI) using the solvent DMSO were tested and the diffusion technique on solid media have shown activity towards both bacterial with two kinds of bacteria Staphylococcus aureuses as (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli representative (Gram Negative bacterial),  fungal strains two kinds Aspergillus Niger and Alternaria alternata to see the inhibitory effect of these (HClPAI) on the growth of this fungus.
The lethal dose of half the number of animals (LD50) in this invention was determined on azo imidazole (HClPAI) for rats. As the value, (LD50) for (HClPAI) was 1253.14 mg / kg respectively of animal weight.
The preparation novel and spectral identification of new heterocyclic azo dye as prepared organic compound 2-[2-- (1- Hydroxy - 4-Chloro phenyl) azo ]- imidazole (HClPAI) were prepared by coupling reaction, conjugation and diazotization adizonium chloride salt solution. Azo dye (HClPAI) have been characterized by analytical data, (1H-NMR), Mass spectrum, Infrared (FT-IR), Electronic spectral data (UV-Visb.), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermal analysis (TG-DSC-DTG), as well as fine analysis of elements (C.H.N), and the effect of solvents (Acetone, DMF, THF, DMSO, Ethanol). The results showed that azo dye acts neutral tridentate coordinating through the position of azo nitrogen (N3) which is the farthest of imidazole ring, nitrogen of imidazole ring (N3) and phenolic oxygen atoms to the ions to form five and metal ring.

The preparation and spectral identification of new heterocyclic azo ligand 1,4-Bis(imidazolylazo)benzene (BIAB) was prepared by reacting a diazonium chloride salt solution of 1,4-diaminobenzene with imidazole in alkaline ethanolic solution. Differing spectral techniques have been used to study the structure of the azo dye ligand (BIAB) such as Elemental analysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, Mass spectrum, UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM and thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The pathogenic activities of the synthesized ligand (BIAB) was tested in vitro against the sensitive organisms Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative) as antibacterial and Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans as antifungal. The activity data show that the ligand (BIAB) higher antibacterial and slightly antifungus activity in comparison to the standard antibacterial (Amoxicillin) and antifungal (cycloheximide) drugs. The acute toxicity studies (LD50) was calculated using by Miller and Tainter methods (Estimated Probity Units) for the calculation of LD50. In this study, different doses (600, 1000, 1300, 1800, 2500 and 3600 µg/ml)  of the (BIAB) was administered orally to the different groups of mice. The results exhibited high acute toxicity with LD50 of 1020.23 mg/kg upon intraperitoneal administration in mice. The antioxidant properties of the ligand was examined using the DPPH radical scavenging technique. IC50 was also determined at 224.17 µg/ml.

The preparation and spectral identification of ligand 2-[2‾-(1-Amino-1,5-Dinitrophenyl) azo]-Imidazole (ADNPAI) were prepared by reacting a dizonium chloride salt solution of 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine with imidazole in alkaline ethanol solution. Azo dye ligand Prepared have been characterized by analytical data, Infrared, Electronic spectral data, XRD, SEM, Thermal analysis (TG-DSC-DTG), UV-Vis, and magnetic susceptibility. The biological activity azo dye ligand were tested invitro against the sensitive organisms Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) by agar plate different technique. The activity data show appearance the ligand azo dyes prepared apparent highly active against to all the bacteria species tested.

This study focuses on the synthesis of the 2-[2\-(5-bromo thiazolyl) azo]-5-di-methyl
amino benzoic acid (5-BrTAMB) and Cd(II) coordinate complex. Diazotization by 2-amino-5- bromo thiazole and mixation by an alkaline alcohol solution of the 3-dimethyl amino benzoic acid. Various analytical techniques, including 1H-NMR, mass spectral, FT-IR spectra, UV-Vis, elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), measurement of electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, TGA, XRD data and SEM spectra support azo ligand structures and their metal complex. The ligand is the trident N, N, O donor and forms the ML2 [metal-ligand] stoichiometry complex. Cd(II)-complex is found to have exhibited octahedral geometry. The ligand and its metal complex were screened against A. Niger for their antifungal activity and antibacterial activity against S. Aurores and E. Coli.

-This research is aiming at the following :-
1. Identifying the volition to the students in the School of distinguished
within the preparatory stage .
2. Finding out the significance differences in the will of distinguished
students and the changes according to the gender (males – females ) .
-The researcher has applied this research specifically on the schools of
distinguished students in the city centre of Al- Diwaniya from both gender
males and females and for the school year (2019- 2020) .
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-In order to achieve the aims of this research , the researcher has set up a
standard of volition consisted of in its final form from 20 behavioral
attitudes each attitude consist of two choices .
-The researcher has applied this reteach on a sample consist of (150)
students from the schools of distinguished within the preparatory schools in
the city centre of Diwaniya and for the school year (2018-2019) . Then the
researcher has analysed the data depending on the statistical bag of the
social sciences (SPSS) and micro soft Excel programme .
-The results were as follow :
1. The distinguished students in the preparatory schools have got will .
2. There are differences of statistical in dictation according to the kind of
gender ( males – females ) especially for females .
-And according to these results , the research has introduced several of
suitable conclusions , recommend rations and suggestions .