Metal

Satanism and antichristianity have always had prominent roles in black metal. While most musicians and fans would claim that true evil is organized religion and even more so Christianity, black metal also appears as a new religious movement, making this statement highly paradoxical. One way to understand this is the constant search for an authentic masculine identity, and how the modern consumerist society is perceived to create a social climate that make some groups within the society feel alienated. Such a group includes heterosexual, working class men that made up most of the early black metal scene.
  With the help of the anti-aesthetic, which can take such expressions as self-mutilations and in the forms of opinions that it is good for humans to suffer instead of being happy, black metal men attempt to find their True Selves by separating that which they find masculine from the feminine - where Satanism and antichristianity become tools to do this. By idolizing and revering Satan as the perfect man, black metal men have started a war against Christianity to conquer which they think always belonged to them - namely their masculine identity from the on-going “feminization”.

Various works which were gathered from Konya region areexhibited at Sahip Ata Museum. There are also metal works among various works divided into some groups such as wood, carpet, rugs, manuscripts, archive documents, calligraphy, stone, tiles and plaster. Candlesticks have a special significancein metal worksin terms of both number and quality. In thisstudy, 19 candlesticks with inscriptions of donation among 48 candlesticks on theexhibition at the museum will be discussed. Besidetheir usage at homesthey were also used at mosques, tombs, dargahs, dervish lodges and otherstructures. Apart from lighting they gained symbolic meanings and one of thefinest examples of metal work. But the candlesticksthat we study are generally simple and were designed forfunction. The candlesticks were taken under protection by bringing from mosques, masjids and dargahs around Konya. These candlesticks, madefrom brass and copper are dated to the second half of the 19th century. On the candlesticks, there aresimpletexts (waqfiyah) which answered the questionssuch as Who donated? When and where wasit donated?
The Candlesticks discussed in this article, will beintroduced and will beevaluated according to the methods and techniques of Art History. Also the vaqfiyahs on the candlesticks will beread and the information they contain will be presented. Thus, it’s aimed to contribute to works in future both in the History and History of Art fields.

ABSTRACK
The present diploma thesis aim’s to contribute on the survey to the study of the production of metal foam by method of powder metallurgy, but also to record the theoretical calculation of basic mechanical models, thermal, electrical magnitudes of metal foams.
In the production of metal foams dominant for mechanical, thermal, electrical properties of the metal foams are the parent material and the alloy to be used must be made juxtaposition of material properties.
For this purpose, they record the basic properties of some materials used in powder metallurgy in the production of metal foams. Also crucial is the study of the size of the porous structure and the pore size as the porous type of cells to determine the size of the application and for the mechanical, thermal, electrical etc. properties of the produced foam.
Perform the recording of some basic methods of production of metallic foams in order to understand their preexisting production technique and the type foams creates each with the bibliographic record of the pore size distribution of these as well as the porosity that can be achieved.
Emphasis is given in producing metal foams by the process of powder metallurgy and in particular to methods a) foams by dissolved space holders after compression of mixture –space holder powders, removal of space holder and sintering, b) metal foams by a precursor produced by compressing a powder or more metals and foaming agent by heating near the melting point.
Reported and examines the factors that determine the production of such grain size powder treatment of the precursor, the compression pressure of the powders etc.
At the end of the theoretical part is given some financial data for costing and viability of different production methods of metallic foams.
The experimental part developed metal foam production of copper powder water dissolved space holder agent brown, white granulated sugar with specific proportions powders.
It consists of 5 rounds of experiments where the first produced three copper - brown sugar specimen which compressed into 3 different pressures while the same happened on specimens which containing white crystalline sugar. Reported failures and became their justification. Then the tests were limited to the pressure at which had the most satisfactory results with respect to the failure of the samples during the phase of compression. Further experiments in this list form the pressure of resources and the structure of the foams by use of binder in relation to the test pieces containing no binders. During the experiments we used a different puller to observe the effect that the successful compression of the test piece. Studied different powder residence times under load and useful conclusions were reached
Calculated on the optimal pressure, the macro porosity and the micro porosity of the foams binder ethanol and their relative density and detail using Imagej program to make correlation of the two results. then they were given the conclusions related to the whole experimental process in relation to the literature study resulting from the production process from copper metal foam compressed doing leaching and sintering.
Finally given fields for further research into the development of our knowledge on the properties, the optimum production, and the structure of metal foams by the method of powder metallurgy mainly for two technique of water-soluble agent and that of the precursor medium foaming agent.

Carbide sludge (10.4-11.5 tonnes day -1) is generated from the reaction of calcium carbide (900 kg) and water (6,000 L) in the production of acetylene (2400 m 3), in three selected acetylene manufacturing plants. The sludge (of pH 12.2 and containing Cu, Ph, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn ions whose concentrations exceed the Department of Environment limits for industrial wastewater) was treated by vacuum filtration as a substitute for the ponding system, which is environmentally less acceptable. A similar system by flocculation was also developed. The filtration system represents an improvement over the ponding method, as shown by a pH of 7 for the clear filtrate; the solid cake, which contains 98% of the metals, can be conveniently disposed at an integrated scheduled waste treatment centre.

http://wmr.sagepub.com/content/20/6/536.short

In the manufacturing sector, metal casting industry is one of the essential, key and most imperative commercial enterprises. In the present worldwide situation of subsidence and high intensity among the foundry business, waste administration has a urgent part to play in deciding the edge of one over the other and the business overall. In procedure of cast iron and malleable iron generation, auxiliary crude material and modern squanders are shaped. The most inexhaustible waste beginning in the process is prompting heater slag. Slag are mixes of oxides of metal & non metallic components which shape concoction mixes and arrangements with one another furthermore contain little volume of metals, sulfides of metal and gasses. This slag is arranged off the manufacturing plant floor because of which land sullying happens which diminish ripeness of soil. As the Induction heater slag contain around 10-15% metal, the greater part of commercial ventures like to disregard this valuable metal. In the present examination an endeavor has been made to create system to concentrate metal from impelling heater slag of ferrous foundry at Jadhao Steel and Alloys.

It is well known that soft iron owes its transformation into steel to the addition of carbon. Carbon is the hardest substance on Earth - diamond. Carbon is the mainstay of Life on Earth, since everything living on our planet is built from it. This all means: carbon is the mainstay of our world. But find out: it is also the stronghold of the entire Universe! The mythical metal orichalcum spoken of by Plato and Tolkien's mithril are carbon, structurally superior to diamond. The Moon is made from it by the hand of God. The UFO is made from it by the hand of the Other. // Общеизвестно, что своим превращением в сталь мягкое железо обязано добавке углерода. Углеродом есть самое твердое вещество Земли — алмаз. Углерод — оплот Жизни на Земле, ибо из него на ней построено живое. Все это означает: углерод в нашем мире есть главная твердь. Но узнайте: он есть и твердь Мира! Мифичный металл орихалк, о каком рек Платон, и мифрил Толкина — это углерод, структурно высший над алмазом. Из него рукою Бога сделана Луна. Из него рукой Иного сделан НЛО.

This study focuses on metal foil beads from Bukel in Albania presenting results from technological investigations by chemical analysis and optical microscopy as well as archaeological information about the site. The necklace was excavated from a female burial dating to the 8th/9th centuries. Chemical analyses were performed on the different glass and metal layers of the beads. The metal was confirmed to be silver. The two glass layers making up the core and the outer shell were made from similar glass compositions. The data compare well with other published analyses from similar beads from different sites in Europe, all characterized by the use of plant ash instead of mineral soda. This places the probable production area of the glass somewhere in the Near or Middle East. Details revealed by microscopical studies gave clues concerning the manufacture of the bead structure. It can be deduced that while the inner layer was produced by a drawn tube, the very thin outer shell involves t...

http://www.scribd.com/doc/74982961/; S. A. Ostroumov (С.А.Остроумов), G. M. Kolesov.
The Aquatic Macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum Immobilizes Au Nanoparticles after Their Addition to Water. -
Doklady Biological Sciences, 2010, Vol. 431, pp. 124–127.
File in the author’s PC: D:\Публикации мои тексты\2010.DBS.Au\Гидробиология. новые факты. ключевые слова-золото, наноматериалы, водные макрофиты, роголистник.10DBS.Au.Abstract in English.Keywords.doc;
© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010. ISSN 00124966;
Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, G.M. Kolesov, 2010, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2010, Vol. 431, No. 4, pp. 566–569.
DOI: 10.1134/S0012496610020158;
Presented by Academician M.A. Fedonkin July 31, 2009;
ABSTRACT: Study of biogenic migration of the chemical elements is an important line of the biosphere research [1–8]. Biogenic migration of the elements in aquatic ecosystems, both freshwater and saltwater ones, is important for water self- purification and water quality formation [9–11]. Data on element accumulation and binding by aquatic organisms, including macrophytes, are necessary for analyzing the organisms’ important role in biogenic migration of the elements in aquatic ecosystems. There were no published data on the gold (Au) content in Ceratophyllum demersum L. and on interaction between Au nanoparticles and aquatic macrophytes. The goal of this work was to study the immobilization of Au nanoparticles added to the water medium of microcosms in the presence of macrophyte C. demersum L. This study was the first to determine the concentration of Au and some other elements in C. demersum phytomass after incubation in microcosms containing Au nanosize particles (NSPs). Results of the experiments: (1) the first data have been obtained that demonstrate that a significant amount of Au NSPs may bind to live phytomass of an aquatic plant, C. demersum. As a result of binding and/or immobilization, the content of Au was greater than the background level by a factor of 430.3; (2) modification of NSPs with a protein (immunoglobulin) had no effect on the NSP immobilization by macrophytes. The results contribute to understanding the role of these organisms in biogenic migration of elements. These data enable us to estimate the participation of phytomass of the studied macrophyte species in element concentration (as exemplified by Au) in an aquatic system.
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ekologiya zhivotnykh (Geochemical Ecology of Animals), Moscow: Nauka, 2008.
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Hydrosphere), Moscow: Nauka, 1991.
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Donchenko, V.K., Ivanova, V.V., and Pitul’ko, V.M.,
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S.A., Hydrobiologia, 2005, vol. 542,
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...

La potencia del metal como componente en torno al cual giran gran parte de los avances y ventajas de las que disfruta el hombre contemporaneo se observa en cada minuto de su vida cotidiana. Dicho poder se expande a todas las parcelas imaginables, tambien al ambito artistico y, en particular, al mundo arquitectonico, consciente de las prerrogativas que su uso comporta, ya sea desde el aspecto tecnico y mecanico (altura, resistencia, maleabilidad, variedad volumetrica y formal…), ya desde las connotaciones simbolicas y expresivas que puede llegar a desarrollar en una obra (fuerza, frialdad, solidez, seriedad, dureza…). Se observa aqui el proceso gradual a traves del cual el metal ha ido adquiriendo el status prioritario que ostenta en la actualidad en el ambito constructivo, procediendo a concentrar la atencion en un ejemplo del mismo, el acero, protagonista indiscutible del diseno edificatorio reciente y gracias al cual el universo arquitectonico del nuevo milenio disfruta con ejempl...

This paper will give an account of an experimental program involving 33 copper and bronze Palmela points, used as arrow, spear and javelin heads. Experiments were carried out using a dead sheep, and also included distance and ballistic testing. In a large number of cases the marks resulting from the use of Palmela points as throwing weapons (javelin, spears) and projectiles (arrows) can be identified by use-wear analysis. Diagnostic use marks show a wide distribution on the points, being particularly relevant and abundant on the distal apex, which is the main impact zone. The study of such marks, which include a wide range of deformations, not always perceptible to the naked eye, requires the use of a stereomicroscope.

On biology science issues at the international scientific event that included topics of nanotoxicology and some others.

S.A.Ostroumov,

Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology;

Keywords:
nanoscience, nanotoxicology, environmental toxicology, aquatic toxicology, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, bioassay, material science, new materials;

https://www.academia.edu/44679751/

The aim of this publication is to present information on scientific presentations made at a recent scientific meeting, namely, India – Russia Scientific Webinar on Materials Science, New Materials and Nanotechnology, 9-10 December 2020; (https://5bio5.blogspot.com/2020/12/ind.html);
Among the presentations there were a number of presentations of Russian scientists from Russian Academy of Sciences and Moscow State University. The list of the presentations is here:

Публикуются материалы раскопок поселения Аккезен в Центральном Казахстане. Оно находится в 115 км к юго-востоку от г. Караганда. Площадь памятника по замерам по крайним древним постройкам составляет 22 га. Выявлено 80 построек в виде каменных конструкций и западин жилищных котлованов с каменными стенами. Поселение относится к бегазы-дандыбаевской (саргаринско-алексеевской) культуре и датировано XIV-XIII в. до н.э. В 2020 г. раскопана часть металлообрабатывающей мастерской. Найдены теплотехническое сооружение, изделия из металла, литейная форма, литейный брак, каменные орудия металлообработки. Особенностью аккезенской мастерской было передельное производство, основанное на использовании металлического лома. Деятельность металлургов отличалась высокой производительностью и технологичностью, многие вещи отливались в сложносоставных и кассетных формах. Остаются неизвестными способы сбора металлического утиля. Был ли организован пункт приема утиля на Аккезене или сбором утиля занимались сборщики? Но можно говорить об элементах рециркуляционной экономики, основанной на восстановлении, повторном использовании и регенерации материалов. Судя по масштабу производства, эти мастерские были нацелены на товарное производство изделий из меди и бронзы. Мастерские металлургов занимали в пределах поселения особый участок, своеобразный ремесленный квартал. Ключевые слова: археология, бронзовый век, Центральный Казахстан, поселение, керамика валикового типа, металл, металлообработка.

While most chemists agree on what is a metal and what is a non-metal, there is a disagreement as to what is a metalloid and what is a transition metal. It is believed that this problem can be solved if two new terms are adopted: typical and less typical metals. These new terms will also help reconcile the European Periodic Table versus the North American in regards of the numbering of groups as well as the IUPAC numbering
which could be as well abandoned in favour of group names as will be shown in the manuscript.

Author:
Fathi Habashi, Laval University

Water is one of the most essential components for the survival of life on the earth. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) more than 80% diseases of mankind are water borne. The present research work is focused on characterization of water samples collected before and after treatment from Rural Water Supply (RWS) schemes located at Revenue Mandal Head Quarters Ganapavaram and Nallajerla of West Godavari district during pre and post monsoon seasons for physicochemical parameters Viz., pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved solids (TDS), Total hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Na, K, Calcium and Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride, Phosphate and Metal ions Viz., Li, Be, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb and U to evaluate the quality of drinking waters. The study results indicated that the waters are with slightly alkaline nature. TH and TA values of post monsoon samples exceeded the permissible limit while other parametric levels of TDS, Na +, K+, Cl-, F-, NO3-, SO42- , PO43- values are within the permissible limits. The concentration of metal ions is also within the permissible limits. Higher values of hardness and total alkalinity can cause encrustation and possess unpleasant smell to waters and make the waters unsuitable for drinking domestic and purposes.

The application of varnishes on the surface of metal objects has been a very common practice since antiquity, both for protective and aesthetic purposes. One specific case concerns the use of tinted varnishes on copper alloys in order to mimic gilding. This practice, especially flourishing in the 19th century for scientific instruments, decorative objects, and liturgical items, results in large museum collections of varnished copper alloys that need to be preserved. One of the main challenges for conservators and restorers deals with the identification of the varnishes through non-invasive and affordable analytical techniques. We hereby present the experimental methodology developed in the framework of the LacCA and VERILOR projects at the Haute École ARC of Neuchâtel for the identification of gold varnishes on brass. After extensive documentary research and analytical campaigns on varnished museum objects, various historic shellac-based varnishes were created and applied by differe...

In this study, we investigated the application of sludge waste obtained from a coal mine drainage treatment facility that treats acid mine drainage (designated as AMD) from metal-mine water. The coal mine drainage sludge (designated as CMDS), which contained 70% goethite and 30% calcite, was utilized as a sorption material for Cu(II) and Zn(II) removal from an aqueous solution of metallic mine drainage. The equilibriums and kinetics were investigated during a series of batch adsorption experiments. The Langmuir model was used to fit the equilibrium data, resulting in the best fits. The removal efficiencies were controlled by solution pH, temperature, initial concentration of heavy metal, sorbent amount and contact time. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was used to fit the kinetic data, providing a good correlation with the experimental data. The results of a thermodynamic study showed that the activation energies (EA) were 3.75 and 1.75 kJ mol-1 for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on to CMDS at pH 5.5. These values of activation energy could correspond to physisorption. The positive values obtained for both the standard enthalpy change, Δ0, and the standard entropy change, ΔS0, suggest that the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on to the CMDS was an endothermic reaction and that randomness increased at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on to the CMDS. The adsorption process also followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046950
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330903573215

In this work, we investigate the some main electrical and photocurrent properties of the Au/PVA(Co-doped)/n-Si diodes by using current-voltage (I–V) measurements at dark and
various illumination intensity. Two types of diodes with and without Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Co-doped) polymeric interfacial layer were fabricated and measured at room temperature.
Results show that the polymeric interfacial layers and series resistance (RS) strongly affect the main electrical parameters of these structures. Also, metal/polymer/semiconductor (MPS)
diode with PVA (Co-doped) interfacial organic layer is very sensitive to the light such that the current in reverse bias region increase by 103-104 times with the increasing illumination
intensity. The open circuit voltage Voc and short-circuit current Isc values of this MPS diode under 100 mW/cm2 illumination intensity were found as 0.28 V and 19.3 micro Angstrom, respectively.

For theoretical and toxicological reasons there has been a growing interest in the co-ordination chemistry of organo-mercuric derivatives. Structural studies using X-ray diffraction have shown that the co-ordination sphere of the mercury atom in these compounds always contains ...

The use-wear analysis of metallic objects started late when compared to lithic usewear studies, due to different reasons. Determining the functionality of stone implements was an early concern of most researchers because the morphological limitations imposed by the raw material fogged any deductions regarding functionality, apart from a few specific types. Concerning metallic objects, this issue is not so critical, as their morphologies were defined in the past, and most of them still exist. Studies on the functionality of prehistoric lithic and metallic objects are developing at different paces. Starting from the discussions of the 80s, lithic use-wear analysis has generated a huge body of knowledge on tools and weapons from different prehistoric periods. Its experimentation-based methodology provides an important frame of reference for researching metallic materials.

Public concern over the deleterious effects of atmospheric deposition (AD) has grown rapidly due to its adverse effects (teratogenicity, toxicity, and carcinogenicity) to human, animals, and materials. The aim of this review is to describe the effect of the AD on sculptures, measures for its reduction, and case studies on maintenances of sculptures against the AD. To this end, a step-by-step review is outlined to discuss the harmful effect of AD contamination on many important sculptures. The review paper is also extended to describe preventive steps to reduce AD on sculptures to help reduce the risks associated with AD.

The magnetometer experiment (MAG) onboard the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR)-Shoemaker spacecraft detected no global scale magnetization and established a maximum magnetization of 2.1 x 10(-6) Am-2 kg(-1) for asteroid 433 Eros. This is in sharp contrast with the estimated magnetization of other S-class asteroids (Gaspra, similar to2.4 x 10(-2) Amt(2) kg(-1); Braille, similar to2.8 x 10(-2) Am-2 kg(-1)) and is below published values for all types of ordinary chondrites. This includes the L/LL types considered to most closely match 433 Eros based on preliminary interpretations of NEAR remote geochemical experiments.

The ordinary chondrite meteorite magnetization intensity data was reviewed in order to assess the reasonableness of an asteroid-meteorite match based on magnetic property measurements. Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensities for the ordinary chondrite meteorites show at least a 2 order of magnitude range within each of the H, L, and LL groups, all well above the 2.1 x 10(-6) Amt(2) kg(-1) level for 433 Eros. The REM values (ratio of the NRM to the SIRM (saturation remanent magnetization)) range over 3 orders of magnitude for all chondrite groups indicating no clear relationship between NRM and the amount of magnetic material. Levels of magnetic noise in chondrite meteorites can be as much as 70% or more of the NRM. Consequently, published values of the NRM should be considered suspect unless careful evaluation of the noise sources is done. NASA Goddard SFC studies of per unit mass intensities in large (>10 000 g) and small (down to <1 g) samples from the same meteorite demonstrate magnetic intensity decreases as size increases. This would appear to be explained by demagnetization due to magnetic vector randomness at unknown scale sizes in the larger samples. This would then argue for some level of demagnetization of large objects such as an asteroid. The possibility that 433 Eros is an LL chondrite cannot be discounted.

"Le présent travail consiste en une étude exhaustive du mobilier métallique des deux quartiers artisanaux du vicus gallo-romain de Bliesbruck (Moselle). Ce mobilier a été mis au jour lors des différentes campagnes de fouilles qui se sont déroulées sur le site durant les quarante dernières années. Le corpus obtenu englobe 450 kg de métaux (fer, alliage cuivreux, métaux blancs, or) qui se répartissent entre 4 200 objets et 22 000 clous.
Grâce à un travail d'identification de chaque objet et de détermination de sa fonction, associé à un comptage typologique des clous, il a été à la fois possible de reconstituer les assemblages de mobilier et de confronter les données en fonction de différents critères comme la nature du métal, la provenance (quartier et parcelle), la chronologie ou encore la nature des unités stratigraphiques.
L'abondance des données et leur diversité permet d'appréhender ce corpus à diverses échelles géographiques et de façon thématique. Il apparaît dans un premier temps que chacune des vingt-six parcelles étudiées possède sa propre histoire de même qu'un faciès de mobilier métallique spécifique. En le prenant en compte et en raisonnant en terme de présence/absence, la caractérisation des espaces est alors rendue possible (artisanats, zone de circulation, etc). Cette démarche est facilitée par la visualisation des données à l'aide d'un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG).
Dans un second temps, l'approche thématique du corpus en fonction de domaines usuels (économie, effets personnels, transports, etc.) permet d'une part de dégager les tendances générales communes aux deux quartiers et d'autre part de mettre en exergue d'éventuelles spécificités de la zone étudiée face à d'autres sites.
Dans cette démarche de mise en perspective de sites, la présente étude se propose donc d'être un maillon dans la connaissance du mobilier métallique gallo-romain de l'Est de la France.
"

The electrical and dielectric properties of Au/PVA (Ni, Zn-doped)/n-Si Schottky diodes (SDs) were studied in the temperature range of 80–400 K. The investigation of various SDs fabricated with different types of interfacial layer is important for understanding the electrical and dielectric properties of SDs. Therefore, in this study polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was used as an interfacial layer between metal and semiconductor. The electrical and dielectric properties of Au/PVA (Ni, Zn-doped)/n-Si SDs were calculated from the capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage (G/w–V) measurements. The effects of interface state density (Nss) and series resistance (Rs) on C–V characteristics were investigated in the wide temperature range. It was found that both of the C–V–T and G/w–V–T curves included two abnormal regions and one intersection point. The dielectric constant (ε″), dielectric loss (ε″), dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) and the ac electrical conductivity (σac) obtained from the measured capacitance and conductance were studied for Au/PVA (Ni, Zn-doped)/n-Si SDs. Experimental results show that the values of ε′, ε″ and tan δ are a strong function of the temperature. Also, the results indicate the interfacial polarization can be more easily occurred at high temperatures.