Biomedical papers, 2023 (vol. 167), issue 1

From a bispecific monoclonal antibody to gene therapy: A new era in the treatment of hemophilia A

Romeo Gabriel Mihaila

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):1-8 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.046  

Emicizumab, a bispecific-humanized monoclonal antibody, is able to improve coagulation by bridging activated factor IX and factor X. It is administered subcutaneously and much less often compared to factor VIII products, has low immunogenicity, does not require dose adjustment, and can be administered regardless of the presence of factor VIII inhibitors. Gene therapy can elevate factor VIII plasma levels for many years after a single treatment course, could offer long-term protection from bleeding episodes, and minimize or eliminate the need for substitutive treatment with factor VIII concentrates.

Floppy iris syndrome associated with specific medication intake: A narrative review

Miroslava Maluskova, Ales Vidlar, Klara Maresova, Veronika Lounova, Marta Karhanova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):9-15 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.042  

Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) is a cataract surgery complication that remains a challenge for eye surgeons. IFIS is most commonly associated with chronic use of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms; however, it has been reported in other drug groups as well. This article is intended especially for urologists, ophthalmologists and internal medicine specialists, to review all the medications that can be associated with development of IFIS.

Complete revascularization of multivessel coronary artery disease in patients with ST elevation acute coronary syndrome - for whom and when? A comprehensive review

Miloslav Spacek, Jan Vacha, Jan Precek, Martin Hutyra, Radomir Nykl, Martin Sluka, Milos Taborsky

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):16-23 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.024  

A large proportion of patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction have significant residual stenoses exclusive of an infarct related artery. There is conflicting data regarding the optimal treatment strategy as well as its timing in such patients. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of this important and currently highly debated topic.

Blood urea nitrogen - independent marker of mortality in sepsis

Martin Harazim, Kaiquan Tan, Marek Nalos, Martin Matejovic

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):24-29 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.015  

Predicting sepsis outcomes remains a challenge. In this retrospective study of two separate cohorts, we sought to determine the relationship between BUN levels on admission and 28-day mortality in sepsis. We provide new high-level information for intensivists to adopt blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as an easily available prognostic marker in sepsis.

Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chains and CXCL13 as predictive factors for clinical course of multiple sclerosis

Pavel Hradilek, Kamila Zondra Revendova, Jana Horakova, Radovan Bunganic, Ondrej Pelisek, David Zeman, Pavla Hanzlikova, Pavlina Kusnierova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):30-35 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.002  

Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain (cNfL) and CXCL13 concentrations were measured in 44 patients with clinically isolated syndrome or early multiple sclerosis. Neither cNfL nor CXCL13 did influence the risk of the second relapse or development of MRI activity. After adjustment for age, sex and treatment, higher cNfL levels were weakly associated with earlier worsening of neurological status.

Detection of galanin receptors in the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Danica Michalickova, Ivana Kramarikova, Hatice Kubra Ozturk, Tomas Kucera, Tomas Vacik, Tomas Hrncir, Nikolina Kutinova Canova, Martin Sima, Ondrej Slanar

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):36-42 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.005  

This study investigated the expression of galanin receptors (GalR1, GalR2, GalR3) in the spinal cord in a murine model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by qPCR analysis and determined GalR1 cellular localization (oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and endothelial cells in the capillaries) by immunohistochemistry. qPCR analysis revealed that GalR1 mRNA levels is decreased in the EAE mice compared to controls, whereas mRNA level of GalR2 and GalR3 were not significantly different from the controls. Immunochemical detection of the GalR1 revealed its expression in the ependymal and endothelial cells. This study provides new evidence of the involvement of galanin in EAE pathophysiology, but further research is warranted.

Global DNA methylation and increased DNMT3A expression in multiple myeloma patients

Petra Luzna, Denisa Weiser Drozdkova, Pavla Flodrova, Katarina Ondruskova, Ivo Uberall, Jiri Minarik, Zdenek Kolar, Katerina Smesny Trtkova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):43-49 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.006  

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal malignancy characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow. Epigenetic anomalies have been identified as important drivers in MM development. This study describes the level of methylation and/or expression changes of selected DNA methyltransferases in both unsorted and sorted bone marrow aspirates of multiple myeloma patients.

Differentiated modulation of signaling molecules AMPK and SIRT1 in experimentally drug-induced hepatocyte injury

Lea Njeka Wojnarova, Nikolina Kutinova Canova, Mahak Arora, Hassan Farghali

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):50-60 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.018  

The study originality consists in the use of mutual combinations of AMPK and SIRT1 activators and inhibitors in well-established experimental model of drug/acetaminophen-induced primary rat hepatocyte injury. Unlike others, the results suggest that SIRT1-mediated hepatoprotective effects could be partially AMPK independent providing the differentiated modulation of AMPK and SIRT1 activity for hepatocyte injury treatment.

Total thyroidectomy can still remain the method of choice in some Bethesda III cases

Jindrich Lukas, Barbora Hintnausova, Vlasta Sykorova, Martin Syrucek, Marek Maly, Jaroslava Duskova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):61-68 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.045  

The surgical treatment of borderline thyroid tumours (BTT) is necessarily individual and influenced by preoperative clinical, ultrasonographic, cytological, molecular genetic findings and other comorbidities.

Administration of mucolytic solution before upper endoscopy - double-blind, monocentric, randomized study

Michal Stepan, Premysl Falt, Barbora Pipek, Petr Fojtik, Martin Hanousek, Martin Hill, Ondrej Urban

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):69-73 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.038  

visibility.

Diabetic macular edema treatment with subthreshold micropulse laser - five-year long monitoring

Martina Zavorkova, Jana Nekolova, Lidmila Prochazkova, Eva Cermakova, Nada Jiraskova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):74-79 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.055  

In the literature, DME treatment with SMPL is only reported after 1 year maximally. The authors present 5-year-results in a group of 52 eyes of 34 patients. There was an improvement in CRT (reduction by 89.5 µm) and only slight deterioration in BCVA (by less than 1 ETDRS line).

Periradicular corticosteroid infiltration for radicular pain - comparison of Diprophos and Depomedrone and ozone effects

David Krahulik, Miroslav Vaverka, Lumir Hrabalek, Daniel Pohlodek, Jakub Jablonsky, Jan Valosek, Jana Zapletalova

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):80-84 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.061  

Various studies have examined the therapeutic value of periradicular infiltration using treatments consisting of local anesthetic and corticosteroids or ozone application for radicular pain but this is to our knowledge the first study that statistically compares the treatment effect of different types of corticosteroids and ozone.

Is high accuracy of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) sufficient for its implementation in the urological practice?

Katerina Rysankova, Pavla Hanzlikova, Vladimir Zidlik, Adela Vrtkova, Maryna Slisarenko, Jozef Skarda, Michal Grepl, Jan Krhut

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):85-90 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.054  

In this prospective study the authors attempted to confirm that VI-RADS system is safe enough to replace transurethral resection of bladder tumour in diagnosis of muscle invasive bladder cancer in every day urological practice. Primarily in risk/benefit question.

Tension pneumopericardium in a polytrauma patient

Jana Pometlova, Petr Handlos, Renata Jecminkova, Miroslav Kitka, Pavel Koscielnik

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):91-94 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.060  

This case report illustrates that if tension pneumopericardium is apparent on CT in a polytrauma patient, it is necessary to bear in mind that a) it can mask bleeding from concomitant injuries, b) mechanical ventilation can seriously aggravate the patient's condition and c) if possible, pericardiocentesis should be performed in such patients before initiating mechanical ventilation. Such a recommendation is missing in ATLS guidelines.

Letter to the Editor Regarding: "Modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in familial maculopathy with reference to North Carolina macular dystrophy" by Jana Nekolova et al.

Kent W. Small

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023, 167(1):95-97 | DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.003