Catastrophic spending is a major limitation of access to quality health care especially in developing countries. Health insurance enables resource pooling and burden sharing serves as a way of eliminating the challenges. The study... more
Catastrophic spending is a major limitation of access to quality health care especially in developing countries. Health insurance enables resource pooling and burden sharing serves as a way of eliminating the challenges. The study assessed the level of rational drug use in National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) andnon-NHIS facility based on World Health Organizations (WHO) Standard Drug Use Indicators to generate data for planning and policy. The study was a cross-sectional survey. Drug utilization in the NHIS and non-NHIS facilities was benchmarked withthe WHO Standard Drug Use Indicators.The data was summarized with descriptive statistics. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.92 (with range 3.80 3.97) for the NHIS clinics and 3.15 (with range 3.05 3.30) for the General Practice Clinic (GPC). The average percentage of drugs prescribed from the National essential drugs list was 80.46 (range 40.18 92.90) and 90.10 (range of 86.38 94.37) for the NHIS and GPC clinics respective. The average percentage of encounter with antibiotics was 12.77 (range 6.48 15.44) and 12.86 (range 10.22 15.46) for the NHIS and GPC clinics respectively. the third party payment system operational in the NHIS facility negatively influenced drug utilization.
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Anambra State with over 5million people has prevalence of chronic diseases and drug related problems in a report from a survey by the Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, of the State Ministry of Health in 1015. It underscored... more
Anambra State with over 5million people has prevalence of chronic diseases and drug related problems in a report from a survey by the Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, of the State Ministry of Health in 1015. It underscored the pharmaceutical care practices assessment among community pharmacists since they are usually first point of call by patients. This study assessed pharmaceutical care practices among community pharmacists in a State in southeast Nigeria. We assessed pharmaceutical care practice among registered community pharmacists. The study was a cross sectional survey of pharmaceutical care activities of community pharmacists resident and practicing in the state. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study determined the documentation practices of community pharmacist and know if they carryout referral, consultation, counseling and instrumental services. It identified the conditions or cases commonly encountered and managed their knowledge of pharmaceutical care, the influence of gender, age on the respondents’, additional qualifications and the influence of years of experience on the respondents’ score on the domains. Of the 87 community pharmacists who participated in the study 53.0(60.9%) were females. The mean years of community practice experience was10.71±6.9years. Only 45.89±20.57 community pharmacists’ document patient care and pharmacy practice activities, 45.82 document patients’ medication, and history taking, while 46.03±20.90 document pharmaceutical care process. The diseases commonly encountered were malaria 459.9±366.4, typhoid fever 437.0±75.20, hypertension 300.37±281, and diabetes mellitus 298.21additional qualification had significant impact on respondents awareness of pharmaceutical care, p=0.05. Respondents’ age has no significant impact on the scores on pharmaceutical care domains. The result suggests that majority of the community pharmacists do not document their pharmaceutical care activities, which is essential in audit trail and a core component of pharmaceutical care. Malaria, typhoid fever, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus accounted for the highest disease burden in the area. They are aware of pharmaceutical care but lacked good knowledge of the technical aspects of the concept. The practices were not affected by respondents’ gender, age, number of years of experience and additional qualifications.
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Anambra State with over 5million people has prevalence of chronic diseases and drug related problems in a report from a survey by the Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, of the State Ministry of Health in 1015. It underscored... more
Anambra State with over 5million people has prevalence of chronic diseases and drug related problems in a report from a survey by the Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, of the State Ministry of Health in 1015. It underscored the pharmaceutical care practices assessment among community pharmacists since they are usually first point of call by patients. This study assessed pharmaceutical care practices among community pharmacists in a State in southeast Nigeria. We assessed pharmaceutical care practice among registered community pharmacists. The study was a cross sectional survey of pharmaceutical care activities of community pharmacists resident and practicing in the state. Data were analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study determined the documentation practices of community pharmacist and know if they carryout referral, consultation, counseling and instrumental services. It identified ...
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Background: Irrational use of medicines is a global phenomenon and an issue of concern with so many undesirable consequences. The complex nature of the pharmaceutical care process is an indication for an essential tool that investigates... more
Background: Irrational use of medicines is a global phenomenon and an issue of concern with so many undesirable consequences. The complex nature of the pharmaceutical care process is an indication for an essential tool that investigates drug use pattern in health facilities. The WHO released the core drug use indicators to address these issues. The study assessed drug use in a tertiary hospital in southeast Nigeria based on WHO core drug use indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used and the study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2022. Retrospectively, 300 prescriptions were selected and reviewed using systematic random sampling for a year from 2020 -2021 to investigate prescribing indicators. A total of 120 randomly selected patients and pharmacy personnel were observed and interviewed to investigate the patient-care and facility-specific indicators. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use in compariso...
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Background: Terrorism is the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or force a government to act. It has become a growing trend in the global scene today in varying dimensions from hijacking, bombing, to state terrorism,... more
Background: Terrorism is the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or force a government to act. It has become a growing trend in the global scene today in varying dimensions from hijacking, bombing, to state terrorism, bio-terrorism, cyber terrorism, eco-terrorism, nuclear, and narco-terrorism. All these disrupt population health with far reaching consequences. Objective: This study explored the dynamics of terrorism and public health in Nigeria. Methods: A narrative overview of relevant literatures was carried out. Literature search was carried out in PubMed, and Google Scholar. Information from previously published articles covering terrorism and public health was condensed to present a broad perspective and development. Only articles written in English Language carried out between 1999 and 2018 that clearly referred to terrorism, public health and diseases was used. Extracted information was discussed narratively. Results: A total of 1595 people died through t...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, and usually affects the lungs and other parts of the body. Patients with HIV infection are particularly more susceptible to wider varieties of mycobacterium... more
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, and usually affects the lungs and other parts of the body. Patients with HIV infection are particularly more susceptible to wider varieties of mycobacterium strains. This study discussed integrated strategies of tuberculosis prevention and control for improved population health. The study discussed relevant documents and literatures written in English Language from reorganized websites. Key words were used individually and in series with truncations where necessary. Government can aid the control of tuberculosis by providing good shelter, improved mass literacy programmes on the predisposing factors and prevention. The need to improve the standard of living, reduction of hunger and starvation is essential. The incidence worldwide stood at the rate of 10-20/100,000 per year with low mortality; deaths occurring mainly in the elderly and occasionally in undiagnosed cases. About 10% of all HIV-positive indi...
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Additional file 5. Critical Appraisal Skill Programme quality assessment tool for qualitative studies.
Introduction: The Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) started its Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) programme in the 2006-2007 academic year. However, NAU’s BPharm curriculum was not clinically focused, and NAU lacked expertise in implementing... more
Introduction: The Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) started its Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) programme in the 2006-2007 academic year. However, NAU’s BPharm curriculum was not clinically focused, and NAU lacked expertise in implementing the clinical pharmacy focus of a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programme. The NAU pharmacy programme set out to transition from the BPharm curriculum to a new PharmD curriculum. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the capacity-building and collaborative development of the new PharmD curriculum at NAU. In consultation and collaboration with an expert Carnegie African Diaspora. Description: During a six-week visit, the collaborators co-designed a model didactic and experiential PharmD curriculum, harmonised course syllabi and content, and revised the Clinical Clerkship Logbook. Conclusion: The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences applied for and obtained University approval for the PharmD degree as a graduate degree. The National University ...
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Introduction: The Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) started its Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) programme in the 2006-2007 academic year. However, NAU’s BPharm curriculum was not clinically focused, and NAU lacked expertise in implementing... more
Introduction: The Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) started its Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) programme in the 2006-2007 academic year. However, NAU’s BPharm curriculum was not clinically focused, and NAU lacked expertise in implementing the clinical pharmacy focus of a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programme. The NAU pharmacy programme set out to transition from the BPharm curriculum to a new PharmD curriculum. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the capacity-building and collaborative development of the new PharmD curriculum at NAU. In consultation and collaboration with an expert Carnegie African Diaspora. Description: During a six-week visit, the collaborators co-designed a model didactic and experiential PharmD curriculum, harmonised course syllabi and content, and revised the Clinical Clerkship Logbook. Conclusion: The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences applied for and obtained University approval for the PharmD degree as a graduate degree. The National University ...
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Pharmaceutical Care (PC) represents a frontier in disease state management. It is a departure from the traditional drug dispensing of the past to comprehensive and holistic focus on patient disease management and outcomes of... more
Pharmaceutical Care (PC) represents a frontier in disease state management. It is a departure from the traditional drug dispensing of the past to comprehensive and holistic focus on patient disease management and outcomes of pharmacotherapy while systematically and actively identifying potential and actual problems in pharmacotherapy. This narrative review assessed the benefits of pharmaceutical care in promoting patient care and disease management. The study utilized synthesis of materials obtained retrospectively from officially reorganized databases. Some of the articles were obtained from officially reorganized documents. PC is patient oriented and empowers patients to actively participate in their treatment process. Pharmacist's device means of monitoring pharmacotherapy outcomes and systematically track problems of pharmacotherapy while taking responsibility for their actions. PC improves patients' outcomes, reduce cost, and promote patients quality of life.
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Background: Patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known to be at risk of drug therapy problems since they often receive multiple medications due to co-morbidities associated with the condition. This study assessed the... more
Background: Patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known to be at risk of drug therapy problems since they often receive multiple medications due to co-morbidities associated with the condition. This study assessed the prevalence of drug therapy problems and related factors in a population of diabetic patients in a tertiary hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis of randomly selected medical records of Type 2 diabetic patients was conducted from February to September, 2013. Data was collected and analyzed for demographics, clinical conditions (co-morbidity), types of medications used and medication complications. Results: 399 patients with a total of 792 drug therapy problems were identified, averaging 2.1(± 1.4) problems per patient. There were more males (52.1%) than females (47.9%) diabetics. Mean age of the patients was 65(± 12.4) years, ranging from 35 to 91 years. 49(12.4%) of the patients experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia. Non-adherence was the most common DTP at 26.7% while polypharmacy was identified as a major factor that contributed to DTP among the patients. Conclusion: Findings suggest significant incidence of DTPs in the health facility indicating the need for comprehensive medication management approach which requires the use of pharmacists to play more active roles in managing patients with diabetes.
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Childcare has been identified as an integral aspect of integrated maternal and child health services and is aimed at child health promotion for childhood psychosocial and physical development. This study assessed the dynamics of child... more
Childcare has been identified as an integral aspect of integrated maternal and child health services and is aimed at child health promotion for childhood psychosocial and physical development. This study assessed the dynamics of child health services in Nigeria. This was in relation to Nigeria’s poor child health indices with the view to encouraging standard practices neglected over the years. It targets preventive health services to stem diseases and disability among children while promoting early diagnosis of diseases and prompt treatment. These services encompass the provision of childhood immunization, probing for and identification of handicapped children for early rehabilitation, child health education, and nutrition, promotion of environmental sanitation, and monitoring of developmental milestone through proper feeding. Other child health services include sickle cell prevention services, education of caregivers on the importance and use of oral rehydration therapy, and use of...
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Drugs use pattern for uncomplicated malaria in medicine retail outlets in Enugu urban, southeast to directly target consumers and providers in the sector for improved use of anti-malarial drugs in Nigeria. Ezenduka et al. Malaria Journal... more
Drugs use pattern for uncomplicated malaria in medicine retail outlets in Enugu urban, southeast to directly target consumers and providers in the sector for improved use of anti-malarial drugs in Nigeria. Ezenduka et al. Malaria Journal 2014, 13:243
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Research Interests: Sociology, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Life Style, Adolescent, and 15 moreHumans, Complementary Therapies, Female, Male, Young Adult, USSR, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Adult, Cross Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
To estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to body fluids among health-care workers in Africa. Embase®, PubMed® and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 2000... more
To estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to body fluids among health-care workers in Africa. Embase®, PubMed® and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 2000 and August 2017 that reported the prevalence of occupational exposure to blood or other body fluids among health-care workers in Africa. The continent-wide prevalence of exposure was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. Of the 904 articles identified, 65 studies from 21 African countries were included. The estimated pooled lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to body fluids were 65.7% (95% confidence interval, CI: 59.7-71.6) and 48.0% (95% CI: 40.7-55.3), respectively. Exposure was largely due to percutaneous injury, which had an estimated 12-month prevalence of 36.0% (95% CI: 31.2-40.8). The pooled 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure among medical doctors (excluding surgeons), nurses (including midwives and nurs...